Menstrual irregularities. Changes in menstruation: nature of the cycle, reasons, duration

The menstrual cycle is a reproductive mechanism launched in the body of every healthy woman fertile ( childbearing age), ensuring a woman’s ability to conceive and bear a child.

The stability and regularity of this cycle affects general health women, her condition, activity and mood.

How does this happen

The functioning of the menstrual cycle depends on the central nervous system and hormonal levels– balance of sex hormones – progesterone with estrogen, the production of which is responsible for the ovaries. Depending on the hormones produced by the ovaries, hormones of the main gland - the pituitary gland - appear, but if there are few female sex hormones, then the pituitary gland stimulates their greater production, and this also happens in the opposite case.

The pituitary gland, as part of stimulating the normal menstrual cycle (MC), acts in three directions:

• stimulates the release of the follicle, the maturation of the egg in the first half of the MC;
• stimulates the release of the egg and the production of progesterone in the future, if conception has occurred;
• promotes the production of prolactin - to provide for the baby breast milk after childbirth.

The pituitary gland is affected by the central nervous system (nervous system) and its department, which corrects the work endocrine system– hypothalamus. It is in this area that hormones that inhibit or inhibit, depending on the need, the production of gonadotropic pituitary hormones are not located and are constantly produced. At the head of the entire hierarchy is the cerebral cortex.

Ovarian cyst

Often, due to impaired maturation of the follicular component, accumulation of fluid in the cavity, benign education– cyst.

It can often be diagnosed in fertile women. The cyst may disappear and appear on its own. The disease occurs in 70 percent of women. Ovarian cysts are classified according to the area of ​​occurrence:

• follicular;
• corpus luteum cyst;
• paraovarian.

If the cyst does not go away within 1-2 cycles or does not disappear after childbirth in pregnant women, it must be removed surgically.

Failures in the cycle, why they happen

We can observe that in most women regular cycle. Few people can boast that their periods begin on the same day of the month. Why is this happening? The first and obvious reason: ideally menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. Therefore, if your period began on January 6, then after 28 days it will begin on February 3–4, and then on March 1–2 and March 31–April 1. After all, each month has a different number of days, and the cycle can normally be delayed by 1–2 days. On average, it is expected that the cycle can be from 24 to 35 days. For many women, their cycle changes every month.

Another reason is disorders in the woman’s body. This includes nervous experiences, malfunction of the pituitary gland, ailments hormonal system, infections, inflammations, bad habits, excessive physical activity, heavy lifting, taking certain medications, blood diseases, exacerbations chronic diseases, oncology, etc. The cycle may be affected by unsuccessful surgical interventions about gynecological problems, as well as injuries and damage to the uterus, diseases of the appendages, hypothermia.

What types of MC violations are there?

Since the cycle functioning mechanism is started different departments in the body, then the classification of MC disorders is based on where exactly the regulation is disrupted. Cycle failures are distinguished at levels:

• cortex and hypothalamus;
• pituitary gland;
• ovaries;
• uterus;
• thyroid gland;
• adrenal glands

If violations occur in one of the listed departments, the MC also fails. After stressful situations, severe fright or prolonged nervous tension The pituitary gland suffers, not releasing the required amount of hormone for the cyclic maturation of the egg. There is no ovulation - no menstruation occurs either.

If the function of the hypothalamus is impaired, the ovaries may reduce estrogen production, so egg maturation will not occur within a given cycle. Perhaps the malfunction in the MC is associated with damage to the ovaries up to their fibrosis, which results in a decrease in the number of follicles ready to create an egg during the menstrual cycle. Follicles are formed individually during the period intrauterine development fetus

How to determine that a failure has occurred in the MC

Violations of MC are divided into complete absence menstruation - amenorrhea and the presence scanty discharge non-menstrual type at inopportune times.

Another intermediate failure is observed if the intervals between previously regularly occurring menstruation have changed, the intensity of bleeding has increased or decreased, and erratic menstruation has appeared.

The main obvious signs of failure:

• the volume of discharge changes - hyper- or hypomenorrhea;
• the period of discharge has shortened - if previously menstruation lasted for 7 days, now this period has been reduced to 3–4, for example;
• the discharge period has increased;
• The usual rhythm of menstruation has been disrupted - periods appear either twice a month, or there is a 90-day break.

Hypomenorrhea - scarcity of discharge occurs due to decreased activity of the pituitary gland and hardening of the ovaries. Menorrhagia - long-term heavy menstruation accompanied by pain and blood loss, lasting up to 2 weeks. Such phenomena occur when the cycle becomes adolescence and with hormonal decline in the premenopausal period. At fertile age, such disruptions occur from chronic diseases of the uterus, fibroids and the presence of polyps.

Any cycle disturbances require attention and timely consultation with your gynecologist.

Irregular periods are one of the most common symptoms majority gynecological diseases, which also occurs when extragenital diseases among women. The term “irregular periods” reflects only a temporary glitch in the system, not reflecting all other possible pathologies menses. Irregularity of menstruation is always combined with a violation of their character: they become more abundant, sharply painful, etc., therefore, it is correct to speak of a menstrual cycle disorder, and the diagnosis will sound exactly like that. However, it is the irregularity of the onset of the next menstruation that is the most common cause Seeing a doctor among all menstrual cycle disorders, so let’s look at them in more detail.

Irregularity of menstruation can be physiological and pathological, be a symptom of many gynecological and non-gynecological pathologies, be a cause of infertility, as it is often accompanied by anovulation, or not bother the woman and not cause any pathological phenomena in her. All this speaks to the importance of clarifying the nature of menstruation when collecting anamnesis by a doctor and the need to take this factor into account in the planned treatment.

The menstrual cycle normally lasts from 21 to 31 days, with possible deviations±5-7 days. If the break between menstruation is 40-60 days or, on the contrary, it is less than 21-25 days, then this is how the woman’s menstruation flows long time- we can talk about the irregularity of the cycle.

Causes of irregular periods

Irregular periods can occur for the following reasons:

Complications of irregular periods

To the most important complications can be attributed to infertility, since cycle irregularity can also often be accompanied by anovulation (lack of ovulation - the release of an egg from the follicle into the ovarian tissue), and, much less often, with a deficiency of hormones of the second phase, in which pregnancy becomes extremely difficult. Therefore, the doctor should recommend that the patient undergo an ovulation test.

Treatment of irregular periods

The main and main thing in treatment is detection primary cause disorders and treatment aimed at eliminating it as completely as possible. In addition, we should not forget that in young girls and women over 45, periods may be irregular for a long time, which is associated with physiological unpreparedness or, accordingly, depletion of the body’s capabilities. In cases where irregular periods require medical intervention (due to the impossibility of pregnancy, for example), treatment begins with identifying the root cause. The main treatments used for irregular periods are:

1. Oral contraceptives, usually containing progesterone: Duphaston – 1 tablet. 2 times a day, Utrozhestan 1 capsule 2-3 times a day, etc. It is also possible to prescribe intramuscular injections.
2. Antibiotics for inflammatory diseases(Ofloxocin 1 tablet 2 times a day for 7 days)
3. If necessary: ​​curettage of the uterine cavity to remove polyps.
4. Surgical treatment if necessary (removal of an ovarian cyst, for example)

Important factors in the treatment of menstrual irregularity also include changes in the patient’s lifestyle. Thus, quitting smoking, reducing stress, giving up debilitating diets and exercises can lead to normalization monthly cycle without any drug treatment.

In addition, there are phytotherapy methods. These include tinctures and decoctions of verbena, St. John's wort, and motherwort. This method treatment is not contraindicated for young patients in the absence of serious pathology.

Necessary proper nutrition, food should be high in calories. Required for use protein food, and foods containing easily digestible carbohydrates. Any depleting diet is a direct contraindication in the case of an irregular monthly cycle.

We must try to reduce stress at work and at home, if necessary, Spa treatment. Preference is given to balneological resorts.

Gynecologist-endocrinologist Kupatadze D.D.

Therefore, if your monthly cycle is off, do not self-medicate, but be sure to seek help from a gynecologist. Only a doctor will correctly determine the cause that provoked the failure of the menstrual cycle and prescribe the correct treatment.

How to calculate the monthly cycle and determine the failure

The period of time from the onset of menstruation to the next is the menstrual cycle. Ovulation is the process of release into the fallopian tube of an egg ready for fertilization. It divides the cycle into two phases: follicular (the process of follicle maturation) and luteal (the period of time from ovulation to the onset of menstruation). In girls with a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation, as a rule, occurs on the 14th day from their onset. After ovulation, estrogen levels in female body falls, but bleeding does not occur, because corpus luteum controls the production of hormones. Strong fluctuations in estrogen levels in one direction or another at the time of ovulation can cause uterine bleeding between, before and after menstruation.

The normal monthly cycle lasts 21-37 days, usually the cycle is 28 days. The duration of menstruation is usually 3-7 days. If the monthly cycle is off by 1-3 days, this is not considered a pathology. But if menstruation does not occur even 7 days after the required period, you should consult a doctor for advice.

How to calculate your monthly cycle? The time interval between 1 day of the beginning of menstruation and 1-1 days of the next one is the duration of the cycle. In order not to make mistakes, it is better to use a calendar where you can mark the start and end of menstruation.

In addition, there are currently quite a lot computer programs, helping in calculations. With their help, you can calculate the time of ovulation and even track the beginning premenstrual syndrome(PMS).

You can most accurately calculate your monthly cycle using graphs basal temperature. The temperature in the first days after menstruation stays within 37°C, after which it sharply drops to 36.6°C, and the next day it rises sharply to 37.5°C and remains within these limits until the end of the cycle. And then a day or two before menstruation it decreases. If the temperature does not drop, pregnancy has occurred. If it does not change throughout the entire cycle, ovulation does not occur.

Symptoms indicating menstrual irregularities:

• increasing the time interval between menstruation;
• shortening of the monthly cycle (cycle less than 21 days);
• scanty or, conversely, heavy periods;
• absence of menstruation;
• the appearance of spotting and/or bleeding.

Also negative symptom is the duration of menstruation less than three or longer than seven days.

The menstrual cycle is out of whack: reasons

1. Adolescence. U young girls Failure of the monthly cycle is a fairly common phenomenon, since the hormonal balance is still being established. If two years have passed since the first menstruation appeared, and the cycle has not returned to normal, you should consult a gynecologist.

2. Great loss weight or obesity . Extreme diets, fasting and poor nutrition are considered by the body as a sign that hard times have come and pregnancy is not desirable. Therefore, it turns on natural defenses, causing a delay in menstruation. Too much speed dial weight also has a bad effect on the body and leads to irregularities in the menstrual cycle.

3. Acclimatization . Moving, air travel to another time zone, vacation in hot countries often cause disruption of the monthly cycle. Abrupt change climate – a certain stress. Typically, the menstrual cycle returns to normal during acclimatization when the body gets used to new conditions.

4. Stress and physical overload. These factors quite often lead to disruption of the monthly cycle. When stressed, the body produces excessive amounts of the hormone prolactin. Its excess inhibits ovulation, and menstruation occurs with a delay. In this case, you should get enough sleep, spend more time on fresh air, and, on the recommendation of a doctor, start taking sedatives.

5. Hormonal disorders . Crash monthly cycle can be caused by problems in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. In this case necessary treatment will be selected by an endocrinologist.

6. Diseases of the female genital organs . Possible reason Often there are pathologies of the cervix, inflammation of the uterus and its appendages, polyps and cysts. In most cases, such gynecological problems are treated surgically.

7. Hormonal contraceptives . Reception birth control pills or refusing them may cause the monthly cycle to go wrong. IN in this case you need to consult a gynecologist and take a break from taking lane oral contraceptives.

8. Pregnancy and lactation . Absence of menstruation during pregnancy and breastfeeding – normal phenomenon. After cessation of lactation, the normal monthly cycle is restored. If you have severe pain in the lower abdomen, you should urgently consult a doctor, as the cause may be ectopic pregnancy, untimely determination of which can even lead to fatal outcome due to painful shock and significant blood loss when the fallopian tube ruptures.

9. Premenopause At the age of 40-45 years, a disruption in the menstrual cycle can be a harbinger of menopause.

10. Forced or spontaneous abortions also have a bad effect on the condition of the uterus, cause delays in menstruation, and often cause infertility.

Also, the reasons for the failure of the menstrual cycle may be diseases of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands, infectious diseases, presence of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs), taking certain medications, vaginal injuries, vitamin deficiency in the body.

Diagnosis of menstrual cycle disorders

Diagnostics consists of the following stages:

• interviewing the patient;
• gynecological examination;
• taking all smears;
• Ultrasound abdominal cavity or pelvis;
• determination of hormone levels in the blood;
• MRI (detailed examination of the patient for the presence pathological changes tissues and neoplasms);
• hysteroscopy;
• urine and blood tests.

The combination of these methods makes it possible to identify the reasons that caused the monthly cycle to go wrong and eliminate them.

Treatment of menstrual disorders

The main thing is to treat the underlying disease that caused the cycle to fail. As preventive measures It is recommended to eat rationally: eat foods rich in protein and iron at least 3-4 times a week, give up bad habits, relax in the fresh air, sleep at least 8 hours a day, take vitamin complexes.

At heavy bleeding, after ruling out bleeding disorders, your doctor may prescribe:

• hemostatic drugs;
• ε-Aminocaproic acid (to eliminate bleeding);
• at heavy bleeding– infusion of plasma into the patient, and sometimes donated blood;
• surgery (last resort with severe bleeding);
• hysterectomy (removal of the uterus);
• hormonal drugs;
• antibiotics.

Complications when the monthly cycle fails

Remember, your health depends only on you! You should not take irregularities in your menstrual cycle lightly, as an irregular menstrual cycle can lead to infertility, and frequent heavy intermenstrual bleeding can cause fatigue and loss of ability to work. Late detection of pathologies that cause disruption of the menstrual cycle can lead to fatal outcome, although this can be quite successfully avoided by seeking help from a doctor in time. Treatment of menstrual irregularities is possible only under the supervision of a qualified specialist.

Every woman sometimes experiences irregularity in her menstrual cycle. Its duration can be lengthened and shortened, the duration and intensity of monthly bleeding are also not constant values. These processes are influenced by many factors, so irregular periods are not always evidence serious violations work reproductive system. In some cases, such failures can be symptoms of the development of pathology, so the dynamics of the cycle must be strictly controlled.

Do irregular periods indicate illness?

The female menstrual cycle is a complex of monthly changes in a woman’s body that occur throughout her entire life. reproductive age, providing the possibility of conceiving a child. These processes are regulated by a complex neurohumoral mechanism with the participation of:

• cerebral cortex;
• hypothalamus;
• pituitary gland;
• gonads;
• peripheral organs and tissues - the uterus, fallopian tubes, mammary glands, etc.

The cycle consists of three main phases, during which corresponding changes occur in the ovaries and in the endometrium of the uterus. Reproductive female function is carried out due to the following processes occurring in these phases:

1. Follicular. The production of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones increases, under the influence of which follicles mature in the ovary. Its duration ranges from 5 to 8 days.
2. Ovulatory phase. It lasts about three days and ends with ovulation. This is the moment of exit dominant follicle a mature egg ready for fertilization.
3. The final phase is called the luteal phase. During this period, the corpus luteum actively produces progesterone, which prepares the endometrium of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. If conception occurs and the egg “takes root” in the uterus, pregnancy occurs. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum is destroyed, the level of estrogen and progesterone drops sharply, and this is a signal for the resumption of the production of LH and FSH, the start of a new cycle. Its first day is considered to be the day the menstruation begins, during which the uterus is cleared of the remnants of excess endometrium from the previous cycle.

The normal length of the cycle is considered to be from 21 to 35 days (28±7 days). The normal duration of menstruation is from 2 to 6 days (4±2), the volume of blood loss is from 20 to 60 ml. The indicated ranges refer to the norm, plus a one-time deviation of 3-5 days is considered normal. Regular cycle shifts of 6 days or more may indicate irregularities.

During reproductive age

Irregular menstrual cycles during reproductive age are the result of three main groups of factors. This is the impact external environment, diseases of the reproductive system or systemic failures in its functioning, as well as failures caused by taking medications. Separate group changes in hormonal levels can be identified after pregnancy, childbirth, caesarean section, lactation period, miscarriage, abortion, unsuccessful IVF, during the premenopausal period. The main reasons for shifts in the dates of monthly bleeding include:

1. External – climate change, nervous exhaustion or chronic stress, dietary changes.
2. Physiological – hormonal imbalances. The first symptoms of such disorders are weight gain and hair growth in uncharacteristic places.
3. Diseases of the reproductive organs or other systems - ovaries, uterus, liver, gallbladder and adrenal glands. Pathological disorders interaction of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, blood clotting process, endocrine disorders, hormone-dependent tumors, oncological diseases, deficiency of vitamins and other compounds important for metabolic processes, consequences of bad habits (smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism).
4. Taking hormonal contraception, antidepressants, glucocorticosteroids, anticoagulants and other drugs.

In teenagers

Unstable periods in adolescence, at the stage of puberty of a girl, are more a natural phenomenon than a deviation. The hormonal background is unstable, the body needs time to adjust to the changes occurring in it. From the moment of menarche (the first menstruation) until the cycle stabilizes, on average, about a year passes, that is, from 17 to 11 cycles. When infatuated with a girl varied diets and associated weight fluctuations, the likelihood of irregular bleeding increases. The period of puberty is characterized by juvenile uterine bleeding.

During menopause

During the period of preparation of the body for menopause, which occurs after 45 years and ends reproductive period in a woman’s life, the menstrual cycle is disrupted due to serious hormonal changes in the body against the background of a depleted supply of eggs. The process is accompanied by acyclic and cyclic, heavy or scanty irregular bleeding due to occurring in the endometrium of the uterus hyperplastic processes. In some cases, such conditions require medicinal correction, use of replacement hormone therapy.

Pathological causes of irregular menstruation cycle

The cause of irregular periods may be disruptions in the reproductive and related systems, various diseases and unhealthy conditions. Among women of different ages To pathological reasons Irregular cycles include:

1. IN teenage years. Irregular menstruation may arise due to endocrine disorders, pathologies of development of the organs of the reproductive system, exhaustion of the body, psychological trauma, deterioration of health, inflammation and infectious diseases genitals, due to bad habits, diets, early start sexual life and promiscuous sexual contacts.
2. During the reproductive period. Diseases in which disturbances of the monthly cycle are a symptom are hyperprolactinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, malignant and benign tumors ovaries and uterus (fibroids, cancer, cystomas), inflammation and infections of the reproductive organs, endometriosis, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia.
3. During menopause. Dangerous pathology, which can develop during premenopause against the background of hormonal changes - this is hyperestogenia. Due to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary gland connection, the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, the development of estrogen-dependent tumors and other dangerous side effects increases.

Classification of menstrual disorders

For different types there are irregularities in the menstrual cycle medical name and description. The classification is based not only on the degree of regularity of monthly bleeding, but also on its intensity, duration, and other characteristics. The main types of menstrual cycle disruptions are the following conditions:

• Oligomenorrhea – bleeding occurs every 3-4 months.
• Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for several cycles in a row.
• Opsomenorea – the discharge is scanty, the duration of bleeding is no more than 2 days.
• Menorrhagia – the duration of menstruation is greatly exceeded (up to 10 days), the bleeding is heavy.
• Hyperpolymenorrhea – the cycle is normal, bleeding is very strong.
• Dysmenoria – menstruation is accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, the cycle is regular.
• Algomenorrhea - menstruation occurs with pronounced pain syndrome, periods are irregular.
• Proyomenorrhea – short cycle;
• Metrorrhagia is uterine bleeding between menstruation.

Dangerous symptoms

Irregularity of monthly bleeding becomes a reason to consult a doctor if it is characterized by one or more the following symptoms:

1. The interval between menstruation becomes longer or shorter with each passing month.
2. Cycle duration does not fit within normal interval more than 3 months in a row.
3. Stopping monthly bleeding in a woman of reproductive age if pregnancy does not occur.
4. The length of the cycles varies from period to period, long ones are replaced by short ones.
5. A woman cannot get pregnant.
6. There are intermenstrual bloody issues or bleeding, strange color, consistency, with unpleasant smell.
7. IN different periods cycles arise severe pain in the lower abdomen.

Diagnostics

If after visual inspection and the initial interview with the patient, the doctor suspects that irregular bleeding is a symptom of pathology, he prescribes a series of tests and secondary laboratory research that help identify or confirm preliminary diagnosis. Methods used include:

1. Blood and urine analysis, general, biochemical.
2. Tests for reproductive hormones and thyroid hormones.
3. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, pelvic organs, adrenal glands.
4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
5. Hysteroscopy (a method of visual examination of the uterine cavity using special equipment).
6. Histology.
7. A smear for testing for infections, inflammation, sexually transmitted diseases.

How to restore a regular menstrual cycle

The treatment regimen is selected depending on the patient’s age, the type of abnormalities identified in her, general clinical picture diseases. Therapy is carried out in several main stages, depending on the accompanying symptoms. With strong uterine bleeding Before prescribing hormone therapy (treatment using oral contraceptives taken according to the usual regimen), the following measures are taken:

1. Gynecological curettage with therapeutic and diagnostic purpose.
2. Antianemic therapy.
3. Restoration of circulating blood volume.
4. Treatment concomitant diseases(hypertension, diseases of the thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands, etc.)
5. Vitamin therapy (especially in adolescence).

Drug therapy

Treatment of menstrual cycle irregularities, characterized by irregular periods, is carried out using a comprehensive method drug therapy. Within its framework, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

1. Hormones. The goal of therapy is to normalize hormonal levels. To stop bleeding - Vikasol, Dicynon, Aminocaproic acid; then Novinet, Marvilon, Mercilon, progesterone analogues Duphaston or Utrozhestan, Norkolut, antiestrogenic agents. Before use, you must carefully study the instructions - dosage regimens for many hormonal medicines associated with the phases of the cycle. The duration of therapy depends on the diagnosis.
2. Medicines to stimulate the formation of follicles (for diagnosed infertility) - Pergonal, Choriogonin.
3. Iron supplements – for diagnosed anemia varying degrees expressiveness.
4. B vitamins, folic acid, ascorbic acid(in adolescence, during the period of establishing the cycle after the first menstruation).

Folk remedies

Recipes traditional medicine for the treatment of abnormalities of the female monthly cycle can only be used with the permission of the attending physician, in the absence of contraindications. Traditional healers For irregular bleeding, the following plants and methods of their use are recommended:

• Cinnamon. Cinnamon milk relieves the intensity of uterine cramps during menstruation. It is recommended to drink 1 glass per day (1 teaspoon of cinnamon is required for 250 ml of milk), starting a week before bleeding and until it ends.
• Turmeric. Mixture with honey, aloe juice and coriander (proportion: 20 g honey, 1 tsp juice and each spice dissolved in a glass boiled water) take 3 tbsp once a day. from the luteal phase until the beginning of the next menstruation.
• Ginger. Ginger tea(for 250 ml of boiling water, 1 tablespoon of crushed ginger root and 1 teaspoon of honey) normalizes irregular bleeding.
• Sesame seeds. Two tablespoons of crushed seeds mixed with any vegetable oil, once a day, 1 tsp. Contains a plant analogue of estrogen.

Many women are familiar with what irregular periods are. Long absence menstruation may indicate various disorders in the body. There are many treatments for abnormalities associated with this phenomenon. An irregular menstrual cycle appears for various reasons.

What is the problem?

As a rule, the menstrual cycle should last 28 days with minor deviations of 7 days. That is, the cycle can last from 21 to 35 days. Over the course of a year from the moment of the first menstruation, the cycle stops at some interval, which is typical for every girl. This can be either 24 or 32 days. But the most important thing is that menstruation should begin at the same time intervals with a slight difference of one or two days.

But why should periods be regular? A delay or earlier onset of menstruation once or twice a year for a period of seven days is a normal situation, which can be caused by climate change, strong emotions, travel and many other factors. If the irregularity is not constant problem, but it occurs sometimes, then there is no need to take any special measures. It's important to know the difference between one cycle change and persistently irregular periods. It's easy to set when marking your calendar. When delays occur, it is important to maintain this calendar at all times.

At constant monitoring numbers, you can track the moment of the onset of the development of gynecological problems and significantly simplify the treatment of many diseases. Below will be listed the reasons that provoke an irregular menstrual cycle in girls. Body mass. Rapid weight loss, strict or monotonous diet, excess weight, poor nutrition often become the root cause of delays. You can include in all of the above a lack of vitamins, since the supply of them and others useful components entirely conditioned healthy eating. It is very important to teach yourself to eat right, exercise or do exercises.

Age. From the moment the reproductive system matures and at the beginning of menopause, delays in the cycle often occur. In the first case, everything stabilizes and everything goes on time. In the second, a woman during the onset of menopause should visit a gynecologist more often, since at this time the likelihood of developing various kinds diseases. Stress and worry. Severe nervous or emotional shock, constant fatigue, dysfunction nervous system They tell the body that it is forbidden to have children at this time. Every month the uterus is renewed, and the purpose of this phenomenon is to prepare the girl for conceiving a child, but when the brain does not perceive this, then reproductive organs It's like they stop working. Therefore, treatment must necessarily include rest, changing your daily routine, taking vitamins and sedatives.

Changes. An unexpected change of place of residence, moving to another climate zone and a shift in time zones lead to failure biological clock body. As a rule, within a few months the body gets used to such conditions and works in a new rhythm. If the failure occurs several cycles, then you need to contact medical care and undergo examination. Oral contraceptives. Once you stop taking birth control pills, it may take some time for your body to function continuously without the help of hormones. When interruptions do not stop, it is necessary to check your hormones and seek medical advice.

Birth of a child. Fickle cycle menstruation in young mothers is a logical and natural thing. Pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and significant life changes bring changes to the body. However, when the child grows and begins to walk, but there is still no period, then you need to start worrying and monitor your health more carefully. Sport. Often women worry that after starting sports, their periods are delayed. This phenomenon occurs due to a sharp increase physical activity, which entails excessive consumption of calories, and they are needed for regular normal cycle. That is why it is necessary to reduce the intensity of the load, in particular in the second half of the cycle.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities will involve finding and eliminating the root cause. In addition, it is important to remember that morphological changes or physiological unpreparedness in young girls and women after 45 often lead to an irregular cycle. If the problem requires medicinal intervention, then treatment will begin with identifying the root cause.

Taking medications. If a disease develops before your period and you need to start taking medications, your period may be delayed by a couple of days. This can be explained by the fact that some medications affect the production of essential female hormones(estrogen and progesterone). In this case, you should definitely visit a doctor. Alcohol. Great importance The liver plays a role in the cycle, as it is responsible for regulating protein metabolism and takes part in the absorption of female hormones. Alcohol damages the liver, as a result of which it affects the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms and treatment

1. As a rule, when the cycle is delayed and irregular, the following symptoms appear:
2. Changes in the amount of blood released during menstruation. They can be abundant (hypermenorrhea) and very insignificant (hypomenorrhea).
3. Changing the duration of menstruation: long (6 to 7 days) or short (1-2 days).
4. Irregular rhythm: (the cycle does not last more than 21 days), rare periods (the cycle lasts from 35 days).
5. Pain associated with menstruation (dysmenorrhea).

There may also be the following reasons:

1. Inflammations and infections of the genital organs.
2. Hormonal disorder.
3. Genetic predisposition.
4. Improper functioning of the ovaries.
5. Cancer diseases.

1. Take a pregnancy test. A delay of up to 5 days cannot be a cause for concern. If there is a suspicion of unwanted pregnancy, then the test should be carried out on the first day of the delay. Thanks to ultrasound, you can more accurately check the body for pregnancy. You can also donate blood for beta-hCG, in which negative result indicates the absence of pregnancy.
2. If your period does not come on time, then you need to wait 5 days without doing anything. If pregnancy is confirmed, then you need to register with a gynecologist.
3. After 5-7 days, the absence of menstruation suggests a trip to the doctor, since the violation may indicate different problems in organism.

For irregular periods, the following treatment methods are usually prescribed:

1. Taking oral contraceptives (often containing progesterone).
2. Antibiotics (if there are inflammatory diseases).
3. The procedure of curettage of the uterine cavity to eliminate polyps.
4. Surgical treatment if necessary.

One more an important condition To stabilize the menstrual cycle is to change your lifestyle.

We need to remove bad habits and reduce stressful situations, give up strict diets and strong physical stress. To monitor their health, women should regularly see a gynecologist, which should happen at least 2 times a year. Irregular cycle menstruation may indicate various problems in the body. To avoid serious consequences, it is important to consult a doctor immediately and follow the recommendations. Only correct image life will be promoted normal state and the functioning of the woman’s body.