Frequent changes in the menstrual cycle. Why the menstrual cycle has lengthened: reasons for the failure

How to speed up the arrival of menstruation if there is an unreasonable delay or the onset of menstruation disrupts a woman’s plans, for example, before a vacation. Of course, there are ways that can bring the onset of your period forward by a few days or even a week.

To date, pharmacology has achieved certain successes in scientific developments in this area and is able to cause menstruation to order. However, before using this opportunity, you need to make sure whether it is really necessary to interfere with the work of your reproductive system and disrupt it from its well-established rhythm. There is no guarantee that it will be possible to return the delicate mechanism of the menstrual cycle to its original, well-functioning state.

The female menstrual cycle is regulated by the hormonal system. The main impulse comes from the hypothalamic-pituitary system, which is responsible for all the important vegetative functions of the female body. The hormones produced by this system have a direct effect on the ovaries and uterus.

But you need to know that interference with the function of the sexual sphere may well lead to negative consequences that will be harmful to health.

So, they say that to speed up your periods you should consume a large amount of ascorbic acid. However, along with your period, you can get a stomach disease. As a last resort, you should not eat ascorbic acid on an empty stomach.

For example, if you are interested in how to speed up your periods, you can try. To do it, you need to take a bunch of parsley and pour a glass of boiling water. Let it brew for three hours. Take 100 ml twice a day for three or four days. Every day you should prepare a new decoction. You can also take an infusion of oregano. You should purchase disposable sachets of this herb at the pharmacy. Pour a glass of boiling water over a couple of sachets and let it brew for 15 minutes. Take shortly before meals, twice a day. It has the same effect on a woman’s body and must be taken three times a day. Menstruation will come faster if you use tansy infusion. You need to take 2 tablespoons of tansy, pour a glass of boiling water and leave to brew. You need to take this medicine 50 ml before meals.

Medicinal herbs, of course, will help you speed up the onset of your periods, but you should know if you are allergic to them in order to completely eliminate negative reactions.

Modern medicine has made great progress, and if you wish, you can regulate your cycle completely independently. In order to bring your period closer with medication, you need to take at least one course that is taken regularly; they know this scheme well: in the first half of the cycle, our body produces a special hormone - estrogen, and in the second half - progesterone. The action of progesterone is aimed at maintaining a potential pregnancy. Therefore, the task of the tablets is to neutralize progesterone, reducing its level in the body. Thus, with the help of hormonal drugs, you can know in advance when the progesterone level will drop, and, accordingly, the girl’s period will begin.

To induce menstruation, simply start the next pack of pills immediately after the first, without taking a seven-day break. However, do not forget that this method is not very beneficial for the body and can be used no more than 1-2 times a year.

How to speed up your period without pills

If for some reason you do not want or cannot take pills, you can resort to so-called folk remedies. They are quite effective and completely safe. So, how to bring your period closer?
Methods that are based on the action of medicinal herbs are quite popular.
An infusion of parsley root and leaves is considered very effective. It is not difficult to prepare: take two tablespoons of raw materials, chop thoroughly and pour a glass of boiled hot water. Let the mixture steep for four to five hours. Drink half a glass of the decoction twice a day for five days. After this, menstruation should begin.

Another excellent remedy to help those who want to know how to bring their periods closer is an infusion of oregano. Tansy tea also helps a lot. However, they should be used with caution, since these herbs can cause a severe allergic reaction. Do not forget that while taking such drugs you must categorically refuse to visit solariums and beaches.

Myths and facts

How to bring your period closer? This is a rather sensitive question. Many girls are embarrassed to ask a gynecologist about this. It’s quite natural, because there are a lot of legends and stories that are passed on from mouth to mouth. One of the most popular myths among people is that you can induce menstruation by taking a large amount. This is not only completely unfounded, but also simply dangerous: if you eat a lot of ascorbic acid, you risk provoking the development of stomach ulcers and the formation of kidney stones. As a result, you will spend much more money and time on treatment than you could have if you had consulted a gynecologist in time.

Some women benefit from homeopathic remedies, but not everyone does. However, homeopathy has a significant advantage: its use has absolutely no negative or harmful effects on your body.

If you decide to take the pill, remember that there must be a really good reason for this, since there is always a risk of side effects. It is best to discuss all remedies with your doctor.

The menstrual cycle begins counting from the first day of the appearance of menstruation - bleeding that accompanies the rejection of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa. The duration of the menstrual cycle is always individual, but the normal physiological parameters include a cycle of 21-35 days. The golden mean is a cycle of 28 days, but only 13% of women observe this phenomenon. If your menstrual cycle has shortened, the reasons can be very diverse. This phenomenon does not always indicate pathology, but it is exciting and requires consultation with a gynecologist to determine the cause.

Physiological features

Menstruation is a response from the reproductive system that its main task has not been completed—pregnancy has not occurred. Normally, menstruation is established during puberty at the age of 11-17 years throughout the year. Typically, menarche in girls of the European race is observed starting from the age of 13-14 years. Sometimes the boundary norms are expanded; the first menstruation can occur at 10 years old or at 21 years old. This phenomenon is often hereditary.

In most cases, deviation from normal physiological parameters is a sign of hormonal imbalance observed as a result of a history of diseases of the endocrine and central nervous system, previous infectious and inflammatory processes and brain injuries.

There are 4 periods in a woman’s life when there are no periods:

• pregnancy;
• lactation;
• menopause.

In other cases, menstrual bleeding is observed every month. 1 year after the appearance of the first menstruation, the menstrual cycle is considered established. Girls of puberty can independently determine the date of the next menstruation by keeping a chart of the menstrual cycle .

Reducing the number of days of the menstrual cycle during its formation is normal. However, after this time, any deviation from the norm in the form of a decrease in the usual duration of menstruation is exciting and requires consultation with a gynecologist.

If such a phenomenon was observed once, there is no reason to worry. A shortening of the cycle observed over several months is a clear sign of pathology. You should not independently determine the reason why this happens. Consultation with a specialist will resolve all your concerns.

Reasons for shortening the natural menstrual cycle

A shortening of the menstrual cycle means not only a decrease in its length, but also a change in character and volume. They become abundant and painful, being one of the signs of reproductive dysfunction. A cycle of 21 days or less is considered short.

A distinctive feature of a short menstrual cycle is considered to be a shortening of the follicular phase, less than 14 days (premature maturation of the egg against the background of unchanged function of the corpus luteum).

If the natural cycle of menstruation has shortened, then the following reasons for this phenomenon are suggested:

Dangerous symptoms

There may be different reasons for shortening the cycle. Sometimes this is a temporary phenomenon that resolves itself within a few months. However, there are disturbing symptoms that require consultation with a gynecologist.

These include the following phenomena:

• absence of menstruation until 18-19 years of age;
• amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) between the ages of 12 and 50 years without a natural cause (pregnancy, breastfeeding);
• the cycle has sharply decreased for no apparent reason;
• pain of varying intensity in the ovaries, pubic area;
• pain in the lumbar region, radiating to the rectum;
• recurrent headaches;
• enlargement of the thyroid gland;
• the amount of menstrual flow has decreased;
• phenomena of general intoxication in the form of nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, dizziness;
• intermenstrual bleeding;
• periodic nosebleeds;
• unnatural vaginal discharge with altered consistency and unpleasant odor.

A reduction in the menstrual cycle observed over several months is a reason to consult a gynecologist. Early diagnosis, aimed at identifying the cause of pathological changes in the body, increases the chances of determining the correct diagnosis and subsequent effective treatment.

When a girl reaches the age of 12-14 years, her first period begins. This suggests that the body is physiologically ready to give new life. Regular menstruation ends at the age of 50-55, followed by menopause. This whole process is divided into cycles called menstrual cycles. These periods have very strict time frames, but sometimes they entail a number of diseases and simply unpleasant situations. But first things first.

Menstruation is the process of the body shedding the functional lining of the uterus. This happens if the egg is not fertilized during ovulation. Normally, the menstrual cycle lasts 21–35 days. Regulation of this period is carried out by the nervous system - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The thyroid gland, as well as the adrenal cortex, have a certain influence.

Girls experience their first periods differently. This depends, oddly enough, on the climate in which they live: the warmer the living conditions, the faster the body matures, so it is known that in many Scandinavian countries the first critical days begin at 16, and the menstrual cycle can last up to 35 days. Failure for several days due to stress is quite normal. But what to do if such a failure happens regularly? What does this mean and how to treat it?

Causes of menstruation irregularities

After a girl gets her first period, her periods will be completely erratic for 8-10 cycles. During this period, the body undergoes a restructuring and a healthy menstrual cycle is established, which ranges from 21 days to 35 days. In adult women, menstruation is more stable, so it is much easier to monitor its irregularities and identify pathology.

Infection

The most common cause of cycle disruption is infections that affect the pelvic organs.

Possible signs of pelvic infection:

• irregular menstruation (delay of 5-7 days or more);
• prolongation of bleeding time (more than 7 days);
• painful menstruation;
• pain in the lower abdomen outside of menstrual bleeding;
• increase in body temperature.

If you notice that your menstrual cycle has changed or your periods have become inconsistent, contact your doctor who will conduct an examination and prescribe treatment.

Most often, if the causes of the disorder are chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma or other bacteria, then special treatment will relieve unpleasant discomfort. This is the most common cause of menstrual irregularities, and it is quite easy to cure. There are much more dangerous problems.

Often the menstrual period may shift or lengthen due to gynecological diseases (uterus and its appendages). In this regard, treatment is simply necessary, as this can cause infertility. When the uterus becomes inflamed, severe pain appears in the lower abdomen and mucous discharge occurs. If such diseases are started, they may manifest themselves in the future in the form of heavy bleeding, the menstrual period will lengthen or become completely unstable. In this case, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Both young girls and mature women face this problem. Hormonal imbalance is often caused by insufficiency of the second phase of the menstrual cycle. But what will cause the unstable release of hormones in the body?

• Impaired functioning of the thyroid gland. We can talk about both its hyperfunction and hypofunction.
• Adrenal dysfunction.
• Past acute and chronic diseases.

Hormonal pathology is often accompanied by a shortening of menstrual bleeding time and a long delay in the cycle. If your periods become scanty and continue to decrease, and the interval between them increases, you should consult a doctor.

When a woman uses contraceptive pills, it causes a malfunction of the reproductive system, and therefore the sperm is not able to fertilize the egg. But, in addition, these drugs have a serious impact on the same hormonal levels, which is why, against the background of their withdrawal, the menstrual cycle can increase to 60 days. These medications should only be used after consulting a doctor.

Climate change

As mentioned above, girls who live in warm countries begin their periods much earlier. This indicates that climate directly affects the female body. It is for this reason that a change in climate zone can cause menstruation irregularities. But no treatment is needed in this case, the female body very quickly adapts to new living conditions and within a month everything will fall into place.

Bad dream

Lack of sleep is another cause of hormonal imbalance in women. The productivity of the body decreases, and it is no longer able to satisfy the female reproductive system in the required amount of vital elements. As a result, menstruation may be disrupted for a day or two in either direction each cycle. There is no need to panic about this - normalize it

In this situation it is quite simple. You just need to get a good rest and schedule a work schedule that will include enough time for sleep and rest. After this, with a high probability, everything will return to its place.

Diet can affect your menstrual cycle! For example, you decided to go on a diet, you limited your body from a number of harmful fats, cholesterol and other not very healthy substances. The body immediately senses this and begins to rebuild at the hormonal level. This leads to failure. And if you add physical activity, then such an imbalance is more than likely. But in this case, treatment is not necessary, this process is largely adaptive and within a month you will be able to return to a stable menstrual cycle again.

An important point: strict diets and sudden weight loss can lead to amenorrhea. In this case, menstruation will be completely absent. A mandatory consultation with a gynecologist and nutritionist is required.

It has already been said above that stressful situations can disrupt menstruation for several days and there is nothing terrible here, but depression and constant worries can lead to much more serious problems, and a change in the menstrual period will be only one of them. Delays in this case are possible up to 60 days. In such a situation, proper treatment is the only way out!

Anovulation

If it seems to you that 40 days is a very long cycle, then, fortunately, you are not aware of such problems as oligoovulation (rare ovulation) and anovulation (complete absence of ovulation - egg maturation). This is a very serious disease that requires medical intervention. With such a pathology, the normal cycle is disrupted, and natural pregnancy is almost impossible.

Stopping menstruation may be a sign of pregnancy. Each menstrual cycle, the uterus “restores” before ovulation, preparing the body for possible procreation. If fertilization has taken place, the lining of the uterus no longer needs regular renewal, and therefore menstruation stops. After childbirth, the menstrual cycle will gradually resume.

Cycle disruption in girls is a very common phenomenon and completely natural. The fact is that at a young age, hormonal levels are just beginning to establish themselves. The menstrual cycle either increases or becomes shorter, but within the first year after menarche it becomes stable, after which it is easier to create a women’s calendar.

Diets

Women who undergo extreme dieting and begin to lose weight rapidly also begin to suffer from irregular cycles. Such sudden changes in vitality are very harmful to the female body. But not only diet is to blame, but also rapid weight gain. In this case, the menstrual period may become shorter or, conversely, longer. To avoid this outcome, use exclusively the diets prescribed by a nutritionist, exercise and eat right. In this case, diet plays the most important role. Interestingly, among representatives of the fair sex who suffer from anorexia, menstruation stops completely due to severe exhaustion and weakening of the body.

This term is more familiar to mature women. At the age of 45-50 years, the body is no longer able to regenerate so rapidly, this also applies to the mucous membrane of the uterus: the menstrual cycle has become longer, and menstruation passes without heavy discharge. In this case, we can assume that failure of menstruation in adulthood is the first sign of menopause. This also applies to women with early menopause.

So, it's worth summing up. There are a large number of diseases and disorders that cause an increase in the menstrual cycle, its reduction or instability. There is no point in talking about treatment methods, because thousands of gynecologists from all over the world insist that diseases of the female body must be dealt with under the supervision of doctors, no self-medication, and especially no traditional medicine. All medications should be prescribed by a gynecologist after a thorough examination of the patient.

Now you will know why the menstrual cycle fails and what to do when this happens to you. So if your periods regarding menstruation have changed, there is no need to panic yet, you need to study all the symptoms in detail, and it is best to consult a doctor immediately.

Critical days are “a very strange thing”: we suffer so much with their arrival and sowe torment ourselves with different thoughts when they suddenly linger or go wrongusually. Did your period not come on time, became scanty or, on the contrary, abundant? Let'sLet's find the probable cause.

1. Pregnancy

Delayed menstruation is one of the main signs of pregnancy. Perhaps you don't havereasons to worry and a little miracle is already growing in your tummy. Check it out by doingpregnancy test or blood test for hCG, contact your gynecologist forconfirmation. Just remember: any bleeding in a pregnant woman (even similar tomenstruation) are not normal and require consultation with a doctor!

2. Stress

Problems at work, loss of family and friends, quarrels, scandals, divorce, seriousexperiences break your morale. The hormonal system also suffers from this. Notbe surprised if, after the shock you have experienced, critical days come earlier,will be late or delayed indefinitely.

3. Acclimatization

This is a truly summer reason. You came to relax in a beautiful tropicalparadise, soak up the seaside, breathe in the crystal clear mountain air,returned home from a long-awaited vacation. But what happened? Critical days are notcame or, on the contrary, took you by surprise in the middle of your vacation. Don't be surprised - changesweather conditions can also cause fluctuations in the level of sex hormones.

4. Changing your lifestyle

Starting gym classes, changing work hours, sleep and wake schedules,abstinence or, conversely, an increase in sexual activity - all this can affectyour menstrual cycle. But such changes are most often short-term and reversible.

5. Weight gain or sudden weight loss

Passion for exhausting diets or, on the contrary, the cult of gluttony does not lead to anything gooddoes not lead. Did you know that your period depends on the presence of adipose tissue in your body?body? So, if it is less than 20% of body weight, the cycle becomesirregular, less than 15% - menstruation stops altogether. If the amount of fatfabric is 15-20% higher than your norm - failure cannot be avoided.

6. Infectious and colds

Have you had rubella, chickenpox, influenza, ARVI or other diseases? Maybe,they caused the disruption of your menstrual cycle. Chickenpox and rubella caninfluence the formation of follicles in the ovaries and thereby cause long-termdelays in menstruation. If after an illness you have a delay of more than 7days and the pregnancy test is negative, contact your gynecologist immediately!

7. Hormonal disorders

A woman's menstrual cycle depends on many hormones. If suddenly it happens systematic failure for no apparent reason (pregnancy is excluded), it is worthbe checked for hormonal imbalances. Delay, scanty or abundantmenstruation can be caused by dysfunction of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries...

8. Taking medications

Some medications can cause disruption of the menstrual cycle. Antibiotics, hormonal drugs, contraceptives, emergencycontraception - all these medications affect your periods. So don't studyself-medication - turn to professionals!

9. Gynecological diseases

There are a lot of them: polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cyst, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, cervical erosion... this list of dangerous diseases can be continued for a long time.Note that menstrual irregularities are only one of the not so terribleconsequences. Go see your gynecologist and eliminate the risk of having these diseases!

10. Childbirth or abortion

After childbirth, a woman’s reproductive function is restored, so criticaldays are absent for some time - this is natural. Interruption is another matterpregnancy - the body experiences serious stress due to hormonal imbalancesbalance and damage uterine tissue.

How to deal with menstrual irregularities? It is better to trust high-quality and proven non-hormonal products.

For example, a herbal complex. This product contains components of plants that have been used in medicine for centuries to relieve symptoms of the menstrual cycle and prevent infertility caused by an imbalance of female hormones. Its phytocomponents - symlocos racemosus, asparagus racemosus, licorice, turmeric longa - help to establish the physiological balance of female hormones and normalize the menstrual cycle. Before use, you need to consult with your gynecologist about the indications for using the complex to normalize your critical days.

Don't worry! Perhaps the reason for the change in the nature of menstruation lies in your constant worries. Everything is fixable and curable. Be healthy.

The menstrual cycle is a regular change in a woman's body under the influence of hormones. As a rule, the cycle is calculated starting from the first day of the menstrual days and inclusive until the last day before the appearance of the next menstruation. The physiological role of such changes is the implementation of reproductive function. Four main components of the female body are responsible for its endocrine regulation:

-ovaries;

Hypothalamus;

Pituitary;

Cerebral cortex.

Directly under the influence of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the ovaries secrete two types of hormones - progesterone and estrogen. Estrogen is formed at the very beginning of menstruation, before ovulation. Ovulation is the process of release of a mature egg from the ovary. After completion of this process, the hormone progesterone is released in predominant quantities. Ovulation occurs once every menstrual cycle. The hormones released have a great impact on the female body as a whole. Every woman notices the changes in the menstrual cycle that occur.

The process of the menstrual cycle is established on average over several months during the first half of the year from the moment the first menstruation appears. After the process is completed, menstruation comes regularly on the appropriate days. Changes in the menstrual cycle are actively influenced by various unfavorable factors or the onset of the disease. There are several main groups of cycle disorders:

Changes associated with new bleeding;

Changes in the intermenstrual period, which manifest themselves in the form of rare or short periods;

Painful manifestations at the beginning of menstruation.

There are also cases when a woman does not have menstruation. This deviation belongs to a disease called amenorrhea. This disease can provoke mental and emotional disorders, which manifest themselves in the expression of irritation, malaise, and dizziness. Changes in the menstrual cycle can be caused by various factors. The main factors include disruption of one or more organs of the reproductive system. A woman’s health in general is closely related to such hormonal changes.

Every month, cyclical changes occur in a woman’s body. The changes that occur affect the woman’s general condition, as well as her perceptions and sensations. The female body is very dependent on these hormonal changes. The meaning of the menstrual cycle is laid down by nature at birth and is to create the best, favorable conditions for the maturation of the egg and to prepare the female organs for the development of a new life.

The menstrual cycle can be thought of as a kind of play between estrogen and progesterone. These two hormones have a huge impact on the entire body and adapt it to various changes. The dominant role in their synthesis is played by pituitary hormones, the concentration of which changes several times during one cycle. The menstrual cycle is divided into two main phases:

Luteal;

Follicular.

In the luteal phase, the hormone progesterone dominates, and in the follicular phase, the hormone estrogen dominates. The process of ovulation clearly distinguishes between these types of hormones. On the day of ovulation, the concentration of hormones reaches its maximum level.

The ovaries are oval-shaped female organs that are located on the right and left sides of the uterus. They weigh approximately 6-7 grams. The ovaries are small in weight, but perform the main function of the reproductive system. They regulate the process of egg formation and the direct production of sex hormones. The structure of the ovary has two main parts: the nucleus (inner part) and the cortex (outer part). Immature eggs are located in the cortex, which is surrounded by a certain layer of cells. The nucleus consists of nerves and blood vessels.

The process of ovulation becomes possible only after a sharp increase in follicle-stimulating hormone in the blood. Several follicles go through a full cycle before final maturation, at which time they double in size. Female reproductive cells - oocytes, in turn, turn into eggs. The cells that surround them begin the process of multiplying and producing the hormone estrogen. Approximately on the 6-7th day of the cycle, the active (dominant) follicle is selected from the maturing mass.

The active follicle is the one that contains the maximum amount of estrogen hormones. During the period of development, the follicles produce movements within the ovaries. After the choice has been made, the remaining follicles disappear after some time. A mature follicle reaches a size of about one centimeter in diameter and is located under a white shell. When the concentration of substances in the cycle approaches the maximum level, the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone. Due to this hormone, the egg reaches the stage of full maturity. Under the influence of the entire ongoing process, approximately in the middle of the menstrual cycle (but only if it is 28-29 days), ovulation occurs. As a result, the follicle bursts and the egg is released from the ovary. The egg then travels to the uterus through the oviduct (called the fallopian tube).

The cells that remain in the ovary after ovulation increase sharply in size and form a peculiar yellow structure (corpus luteum). This body, under the influence of luteinizing hormone, forms hormonal molecules - progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for the process of successful formation and development of the embryo until 13-14 weeks, until the first stage of placenta formation is completed. When conception does not occur, then approximately on the 9-10-11th day after the ovulation process, the corpus luteum begins to fade. This is the starting point of the next cycle.

The uterus is an organ of the female reproductive system in which the development of the fertilized egg occurs. Its weight is approximately 35-45 grams and is shaped like a pear. The uterus is united on the sides with the fallopian tubes, and below with the vagina through the cervical canal. An important female organ has three layers in composition:

1. Endometrium (mucous membrane).

2. Myometrium - muscle layer.

3. Serous membrane covering the outside of the organ, like a “thrown scarf.”

The mucous membrane is most susceptible to cyclical changes compared to other layers. According to histological characteristics, it is formed by 2 layers: the inner functional layer and the layer lying directly under the shell itself (basal layer). The second part of the mucous membrane is very important. The inner functional layer responds to hormonal fluctuations to the greatest extent. In such a cyclic chain, three main periods are differentiated:

Menstrual bleeding phase;

Phase of increasing endometrial thickness;

Secretion phase of enlarged endometrium.

These cyclic transformations are necessary so that embryonic structures can implant normally at conception. If pregnancy does not occur, then the physiological significance of the endometrium is lost. Therefore, it is rejected, which externally is menstruation. The desquamated elements of the functional layer come out of the uterus, through the cervix, then through the vagina along with blood. This period averages 5-6 days. At the end of the period, the uterine mucosa consists of the original layer.

Approximately on the 5-6th day of the menstrual cycle, the next phase begins, which continues until the onset of ovulation. During this period, the dominant role is played by estrogens, which are secreted in the ovary. Due to them, the functional layer is restored. Epithelial cells begin to divide intensively, blood vessels and glands are formed.

The concentration of the hormone progesterone is created by the so-called corpus luteum. This concentration increases sharply after ovulation is completed. This process helps to thicken the mucous membrane. The processes of creating and enlarging blood vessels and glands are activated. In the cellular layers of the epithelium, a supply of useful microelements is formed, which is vital for the future embryo, in case of successful fertilization. Due to the influence of cyclic changes, the uterus is in a state of complete readiness to receive a fertilized egg. If the egg does not copulate with the sperm, then the fetal egg will not enter the uterine cavity, and ischemia occurs. The fetal egg stimulates the mucous membrane to develop. During ischemia, the process of death of the functional layer occurs, then its separation from the basal layer. The result of this process is the arrival of menstrual days, from which the new cycle begins. All considered phases of cyclic changes actively influence the female body as a whole. The next process of the menstrual cycle causes new changes in a woman’s body.

Menstrual irregularities are one of the most common gynecological abnormalities. Most women experience menstrual irregularities for completely different reasons. Failure of menstruation can occur once due to stress. But, if constant delays occur, which are regular, then there is a serious reason to think about the cause of such an illness. There are many optimal ways to reconfigure the body in the correct biological way. The main thing is to understand and find out the reason for the changes that occur.

According to biological rhythms, the first menstruation should occur during the age range from 12 to 14 years. The menstrual cycle is established during the first half of the year. As a rule, a woman should have at least eight cycles in one calendar year. There are cases when, after reaching 14 years of age, menstruation does not begin. To find out the cause and eliminate it, you need to seek help from a highly qualified specialist. The countdown of the duration of the menstrual cycle begins from the day the menstrual days arrive and ends with the beginning of the next menstruation. As a rule, this period is a minimum of 20-21 days, a maximum of 32-33 days. If the delay lasts 14 or more days or even months, then this indicates a serious problem that cannot be solved on your own; qualified medical advice is needed. You also cannot do without consulting a specialist in the case when menstruation comes very often. Need to pay Special attention to a situation where the menstrual cycle lasted 20-21 days, and then became longer.

The most common and common cause of changes in the menstrual cycle are infectious diseases of the female organs. It is necessary to initially undergo an examination and pass the appropriate tests to identify the infectious pathogen. The main infectious agents include:

Chlamydia;

Mycoplasma;

Ureaplasma.

When the causative agent of changes in the menstrual cycle is determined, the doctor will prescribe appropriate treatment, which will be anti-inflammatory in nature. After completing the prescribed treatment, problems with the menstrual cycle should disappear.

If the reason lies in hormonal disorders , then the situation that has arisen is much more complicated and, accordingly, the approach to treatment will be different. The general examination includes checking the functioning of the thyroid gland and the functioning of the adrenal glands. Pathological changes directly in the ovaries are also possible. Therefore, a comprehensive hormonal examination is required. Based on its results, an instrumental diagnostic program is drawn up - ultrasound, radiography, CT, etc.

In any case, any changes that have arisen should not be left to chance, so as not to trigger the possible occurrence of a serious disease, which can lead to irreparable losses of precious reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle

Definition of the concept “menstrual cycle”.A woman’s reproductive age is determined by regular physiological changes - this is the cycle. These changes relate to the decline and increase in the level of sex hormones. The beginning of menstruation (and the cycle) is considered to be the appearance of blood from the genital tract. The end of the cycle is considered to be the day before the next menstruation. The cycle of a healthy woman can range from 21 to 35 days.Phases of the menstrual cycle,Gynecologists distinguish four phases:- menstrual phase,- follicular, - ovulatory, - luteal. Many women are more familiar with a scheme that contains only two phases. The first phase is the period before the onset of ovulation, the second phase can be considered the period after ovulation has occurred.Each phase is subject to the production or reduction of certain hormones. In the first phase, due to a significant decrease in progesterone and estrogen, menstruation begins. At the physical level, this is expressed in deterioration of well-being, increased fatigue, pain in the lower abdomen and bloody discharge. During this period, the endometrium is rejected, i.e. the inner thin layer that lines the uterine cavity. Normal blood loss during menstruation is about 100 ml.

Focal fibrous mastopathy

Pain in the lower abdomen is caused by the fact that the uterus contracts to “throw out” the endometrium. At the beginning of menstruation, women are concerned about manifestations of the autonomic system - increased sweating or chills. This occurs due to a decrease in estrogen. The production of secretions by the sebaceous glands is significantly increased, so the hair quickly loses its freshness. I remember my grandmother’s good old advice - it’s better not to dye or perm during your period.During this period, the body is generally more sensitive to external irritating factors - cold, dry air, loud sounds, painful procedures, etc. Try to be emotionally and physically calm at the beginning of your period.Many people ask the question: is sex during menstruation acceptable? Gynecologists do not recommend having sex, since the uterus at this moment is open and represents a large wound. Refrain from coitus during this period; romantic evenings under a warm blanket with your loved one will have the best effect on your body.By the end of their period, women feel much more comfortable. Physical activity, concentration and emotional background increase. At this stage, it is useful to support the body with foods containing iron. The menstrual phase lasts from 3 to 6 days. Following this comes the next phase - the follicular one.

Follicular phase

The duration of this period is about 14 days. The pituitary gland produces FSH. Under the influence of FSH, follicles begin to grow in the ovaries. Several follicles can grow at the same time, but the main one will be only one, reaching from 18 to 25 mm. It is in this dominant follicle that the egg matures. The concentration of estrogen increases towards the end of menstruation and affects the next phase - the follicular one. This hormone is considered the hormone of youth, femininity, beauty and health. For menopausal women, gynecologists actively prescribe hormone replacement therapy, containing predominantly estrogen. Couples are advised to use protection from the ninth to the sixteenth days of the cycle. Or vice versa - actively plan. Women during this period, as well as in the next few days, note an increase in libido. Sensuality and sexuality take over the female body.

Ovulatory phase

The ovulation phase lasts three days. During this period, the production of the hormone LH is activated. Under the influence of luteinizing hormone, the egg matures and is released into the abdominal cavity, then captured by the fallopian tubes; then waits for fertilization for another 48 hours. A woman desires intimacy as strongly as possible in the middle of the menstrual cycle. There is also a significant thinning of the cervical mucus, which manifests itself in the form of “egg white”. Some women report tingling or pulling from one or another ovary.

Luteal phase

This period lasts from 12 to 16 days. The production of the hormone LH decreases, the level of progesterone increases. It is the corpus luteum that is the source of progesterone production. Just at the site of the released egg, the corpus luteum forms. Under the influence of progesterone, appetite increases. This reaction of the body is due to preparation for a possible pregnancy. If fertilization has occurred, cell implantation occurs after approximately ten days. When the fertilized egg enters the uterine cavity, human chorionic gonadotropin begins to be produced.Some women sometimes notice a small amount of scarlet discharge, this may indicate implantation bleeding and menstrual pain , which is a variant of the norm.If fertilization does not take place, the egg is rejected again with the beginning of the next menstruation. Take care of your health and visit your gynecologist regularly. Timely diagnosis will help avoid problems with women's health in the future.