What types of sores are on the face. Types and signs of pathological changes. Acne and demodicosis

Facial skin is most susceptible to external factors. The face constantly suffers from heat or frost, and disturbances in the functioning of the internal systems of the body are reflected precisely on the skin. Manifestations can be completely different, ranging from the usual peeling and ending with extensive irritations, rashes, blisters and papules. In order to understand the cause of the manifestations of facial skin disease, it is better to undergo a thorough diagnosis in specialized institutions.

In medicine, a lot of skin manifestations of various diseases are determined. For each disease of the skin of the face, certain changes in the epidermis are characteristic, but often they can be grouped, which often leads to an erroneous diagnosis.

Symptoms can also be very similar, so self-medication does not always give a positive result, on the contrary, it often leads to a worsening of the condition. Therefore, it is worth remembering the main differences in symptoms.

The disease manifests itself on the skin of the face in the form of capillary stars or nets, which are formed as a result of the expansion of the walls of blood vessels. Also, the disease is called telangiectosis, which is more often used in dermatology. The capillaries of a healthy person can expand and contract as needed, for example, under the influence of high or low temperature. The vessels of a sick person can expand even beyond the prescribed level, but due to the loss of elasticity they do not take their original position, which causes the formation of a capillary network on the skin.

Couperosis can affect small areas of the skin, in which case the disease is more of a cosmetic problem. With a more extensive lesion of the epidermis, it is worth considering a general examination of the body, since the disease can become a symptom of a more serious disorder, for example, liver damage.

Skin changes can be eliminated with a laser, leaving no marks or wounds

Reasons for the appearance:

The disease may be hereditary.
Exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun, solarium.
Sudden temperature changes.
Long stay in the cold.
Excessive alcohol consumption.
Smoking.
Carrying out cosmetic procedures of deep impact, for example, hardware peeling.
Tissue injury.
As a symptom of a more serious illness.

Acne

The disease of the skin of the face is manifested in the defeat of the epidermis with acne and ulcers. It occurs with inflammation of the sebaceous glands, as a rule, acne has a chronic form and there is always a risk of recurrence. People with oily facial skin are considered more susceptible. The disease occurs in 80% of people in different periods, adolescents and young people under 25 are most susceptible. Acne has three degrees of manifestation: mild - up to 10 formations, medium - 10-40, high - more than 40.

Teenagers with acne suffer from depression

Causes of the manifestation of the disease:

Age-related hormonal changes.
Heredity.
Hormonal surges during menstruation.
Hormone therapy.

Rosacea

The disease manifests itself in the form of a reddish rash that affects the skin of the face in the process of circulatory disorders, which is characterized by the release of blood outside the vessels. Rosacea usually affects the face and eyes. There are several clinical forms, with each individual symptoms in the form of papules, cyanotic nodes, pustules, and edema can be added to the usual manifestations, so it is difficult to make a diagnosis on your own.

Factors that can provoke the development of the disease:

Deep cosmetic procedures.
Temperature changes.
Exposure to sunlight.
Solarium visit.
Freezing.
Disruption of the digestive tract.
The defeat of the body by a tick of a certain type of Demodex.
Infectious diseases of the epidermis.
Vascular-neurotic changes.
The use of corticosteroids.

papillomavirus

The human papillomavirus can manifest itself both on the body and on the skin of the face in the form of warts, warts, papillomas. It is worth noting that 95% of the population are carriers of the virus, but most often it is in a dormant state, many are not even aware of its presence. But during periods of hormonal changes, stressful situations, weakened immunity, papillomavirus can develop into an active form and appear as formations on the skin. In most cases, the virus does not pose significant harm other than external discomfort. Only in rare cases can the disease develop cancer cells, and then one cannot do without surgery and laboratory studies of education for malignancy.

Important: In no case should papillomas be torn off: this can provoke blood poisoning and aggravate the situation.

HPV most affects women of all ages

Reasons for the appearance of formations:

Direct contact.
Contact through household items.
Unprotected sexual contact.
The disease is rarely transmitted during childbirth from mother to child.

A disease of the skin of the face manifests itself in the form of the formation of infectious pustules around the hair polyp. The disease is provoked by a viral bacterium of streptococcus or staphylococcus, not infrequently in their combination. It is not difficult to determine such a disease by external signs, very often abscesses burst, and purulent ulcers form in their place. Impetigo is treatable, so with proper diagnosis, it takes no more than 10 days, in rare cases, a septic infection may develop.

The defeat occurs by penetration of the stick through cuts or other damage to the epidermis.

After entering a favorable environment, the virus actively multiplies and provokes impetigo.

Causes of occurrence:

The defeat of the epidermis by Staphylococcus aureus.
Skin exposure to hemolytic streptococcus virus.

Important: Impetigo cannot be treated at home, self-medication can lead to extensive damage to the epidermis by a viral bacillus, which is fraught with consequences and a protracted course of the disease.

Melanoma

The disease often disguises itself as a common mole, so you should be attentive to their external changes. Melanoma is a cancer, a malignant formation on the skin, so self-treatment will be fatal. Diagnosing skin cancer at an early stage is very difficult, as a rule, patients begin to feel discomfort when the chances of recovery are catastrophically small. It is very important to observe suspicious moles on the body on your own, if they begin to bleed, itch, grow, change color, acquire jagged edges, then you should immediately seek advice from an oncologist and conduct a biopsy.

Causes of melanoma:

hereditary predisposition.
Negative effects of ultraviolet radiation.
Mole injury.

Important: Only a specialist with special education and permission can remove a mole, as a rule, this is done by a surgeon, oncologist or dermatologist. You should not trust the removal of moles to cosmetologists who will not be able to send cells for special studies to refute or confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Also, this disease is called "Hyporpigmentation" of the skin. The disease is provoked by an insufficient amount of melanin or its complete absence, the spots are pale pink or white. According to the external signs of age spots, it is impossible to name the exact cause of their manifestation. Sometimes pigmentation occurs when the digestive system malfunctions, after restoring normal functionality, the spots may disappear. It is almost impossible for discolored areas of the skin to return to their previous color, it is easier to discolor healthy ones. Pigmented skin should be protected from direct sunlight. There are no changes in sensations. Spots can appear at any age, but are more common in younger people.

Diseases that provoke pigmentation:

tuberous sclerosis.
Albinism.
genetic predisposition.
Various types of lichen.

Vitiligo does not cause pain

Chloasma

Pigmentation of a separate area of the skin is very often manifested on the face. The spots are brown and grow, gradually small spots become one large. Most often they go away on their own and only sometimes remain for the rest of their lives.

Appearance:

Chloasma is most likely to occur in women during pregnancy, as a rule, spots appear around the mouth and nipples.
Due to dysfunction of the ovaries.
With helminthic invasion.

Allergic dermatitis

Damage to the body by various allergens provokes the appearance of rashes of a different nature on the face and body. With insufficient treatment and prolonged contact with the allergen, a common allergy develops into dermatitis, its treatment can take a very long time. Dermatitis becomes a companion for life, there is no treatment, you can only eliminate the factors that contribute to its manifestation and relapse.

Methods of intoxication:

contact allergy.
food allergy.
Drug allergy.
Allergy to external natural factors.

There are many other diseases that can affect the skin of the face. First of all, it is worth remembering that the treatment of external manifestations of the disease, as a rule, only muffles the symptoms for a while, most often it returns with renewed vigor. Many external drugs are made on the basis of hormones and can aggravate the situation. Hormonal drugs are prescribed by doctors only in cases where other means do not have a charitable effect. Unknowingly, self-medication consists of less suitable pharmacological preparations, so the treatment does not bring the desired result and becomes protracted.

Any flaw on the face greatly upsets us, because this is what first of all catches the eye. Of course, the aesthetic component is incredibly important, especially for women. But sometimes the problems don't stop there.

A skin disease may not be just a temporary flaw in appearance, but a symptom of a serious internal disorder or skin infection. In this case, simple cosmetic procedures may not be enough, and it is necessary to resort to specialized treatment. Let's try to figure out why skin diseases appear, what they are and how to recognize them.

Why do skin diseases occur on the face?

Treatment of any disease is preceded by identifying the causes of its occurrence.

Among the factors provoking facial skin diseases, cosmetologists distinguish the following:

Lifestyle and nutrition undoubtedly play one of the key roles for the health of the body as a whole. However, a number of facial diseases can be of an infectious nature. In this case, simple changes in diet or quitting smoking and drinking will not change the situation for the better. Also, the face very often suffers from allergic conditions. However, allergies are easily recognized by a whole list of additional symptoms.

What skin diseases can be on the face?

Facial skin is a mirror of almost any internal problems of the body. In addition, any manifestations of the environment can affect its state. So, if acne is associated with hormonal changes, then age spots and rosacea are not uncommon for lovers of tanning and solariums.

The classification of skin ailments is very problematic, because with an incredible number of their varieties, many of them have quite similar symptoms. Not every doctor will be able to instantly distinguish allergic rashes, for example, from acne or infection. And if an allergy can be cured by protecting the patient from contact with an irritant, then the situation is more complicated with papilloma or rosacea.

The most common skin infections and diseases are listed below:

Of course, the list of diseases that appear on the skin of the face does not end there. Any suspicious rashes, neoplasms, redness and peeling should be a signal to visit a qualified dermatologist. As soon as the diagnosis is established, and the causes of the disease are clarified, the doctor prescribes treatment. Often it is a certain set of medicines taken in a complex. These can be antibiotics, antifungal tablets and creams, anti-inflammatory ointments.

Also during the treatment, home remedies can be used in the form of masks and applications that have a calming and anti-inflammatory effect.

An important condition for the treatment of skin diseases is a balanced diet, avoiding alcohol and smoking, as well as eliminating stress.

Related materials

Diseases of the face can be triggered by external and internal causes. It is important to understand that there may be several factors that provoke the appearance of skin diseases. The exact causes of the problem can only be determined by a dermatologist who needs to know the full picture of your health. In particular, exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases is often accompanied by skin rashes and changes in complexion.

Causes of skin diseases

Important! Diseases of the skin of the face that are not associated with infections and viruses can be triggered by chronic diseases, genetic characteristics or external factors.

Couperose

This disease can be recognized by specific capillary nets or asterisks. It occurs due to the expansion of the vascular walls and the loss of their elasticity, due to which blood stagnation occurs. A skin disease can manifest itself with only one “point” or a whole network that has spread along the wings of the nose, cheeks, and the area around the eyes. Often, couperosis signals a predisposition to diseases of the cardiovascular system or liver diseases.

Common causes of appearance:

trauma;
exposure to UV rays;
heredity;
drinking and smoking;
prolonged exposure to low temperatures;
peeling and other cosmetic procedures;
the presence of chronic diseases.

acne

Symptoms: the presence of acne, abscesses, internal acne. Cause of manifestation: inflammation of the sebaceous glands. There are three severity levels of acne: high - more than 40 rashes, medium - from 10 to 40, mild - up to 20 formations.

Causes of the disease:

hormonal changes (age, menstrual and others);
heredity;
side effect of hormone therapy.

Acne usually occurs in teenagers, but it can also appear in adults. At risk are people with oily skin or hormonal abnormalities.

Allergy

An allergic reaction can appear in the form of itching, peeling, swelling, redness and rashes. The reaction can be observed when exposed to external and internal factors: food intake, use of cosmetics, the presence of pollen, contact with tissues. Rashes can be observed throughout the body, and affect only the face.

Melanoma

This is a malignant tumor that can develop from a nevus. The main signs: soreness, change in contour or color, induration, enlargement of the nevus. Adults are more likely to suffer from melanoma.

Keratosis

Manifestation: keratinization, thickening, peeling of the skin area. The process proceeds without inflammation, but brings pain during development, as the skin can crack, itching, and ulcerations appear.

Vitiligo

Lack of pigmentation in areas of the skin, which causes white or pink spots to appear on the body and face. The spots may enlarge, forming large lesions tending to a round shape. The causes of occurrence have not been established.

Chloasma

The opposite of vitiligo: excessive pigmentation. The area is dark, usually brown, and gradually enlarges. spots can merge into one rounded lesion. It can be caused by pregnancy or diseases: disorders of the ovaries, liver or pituitary gland.

Perioral dermatitis

The disease mostly affects women. Papulo-pustules and small papules, no larger than 2 mm, are localized in the periorbital and / or periorally. It often manifests itself after taking corticosteroid drugs prescribed for other skin diseases. Important: with this disease, there is a narrow unaffected skin area around the contour of the lips.

Rosacea

As a rule, lesions affect only the skin of the face, an adult patient with a genetic predisposition is at risk. It has a polyetiological nature and a staged course. Manifestation: hyperemia of the face, pustules, edematous papules, telangiectasia. Important: hyperplasia of the connective tissue and sebaceous glands is characteristic, and not an increased secretion of the sebaceous glands (unlike acne). As a rule, skin disease manifests itself in patients aged 35-40, reaching a peak at 40-50 years. The disease is provoked by changes in the tone of the superficial vessels of the skin caused by endogenous and exogenous factors.

demodicosis

Small nodular sarcoidosis

Appearance: nodular elements with dense consistency with sharp boundaries. They can have a color from pink to brown-yellow. Telangiectasias form on the surface of part of the papules. In place of resolved elements, small atrophic scars are formed. Diascopy reveals the phenomenon of "dustiness" and small yellowish spots. Resolved elements show a tendency to scarring.

Important! Fungal and infectious diseases of the skin of the face are provoked by pathogenic organisms. Infections on the face can infect deep tissues or enter the bloodstream, causing sepsis.

Seborrheic dermatitis

In this case, the rash mainly affects the nasolabial folds, scalp, chin and behind the ear folds. More often manifested in patients with seborrhea - another skin ailment. Sometimes the lesion affects the body: the skin along the spine, between the shoulder blades, or on the chest. The observed foci of erythema have clear boundaries, yellowish scales and small follicular nodules. A patient with the disease may feel a slight itch.

Streptococcal lesion

Mostly found in women and children, the lesion affects the smooth skin and has no connection with the follicular apparatus. Manifestation: flektens or impetigo, quickly opening and forming serous-purulent crusts. It is most often seen in the corners of the mouth and eyes.

Important! Pustular diseases of the skin of the face most often occur due to the influence of streptococci, fungal infections, staphylococci and other infections. Factors contributing to the development of the disease: high blood sugar, microtrauma, hypovitaminosis. There are superficial and deep forms. Furuncles with one purulent-necrotic core and carbuncles are a manifestation of a deep form.

Folliculitis

It is more often found in adult men. When hair is removed in the affected area, a purulent muff around the hair root is clearly visible. Most often, pustular lesions are superficial. With folliculitis, the pustule is located at the mouth of the hair follicle. A similar deviation - sycosis - is localized in the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyebrows, beards, and other bristly hair, with it a rather large pustule is formed.

Acne vulgaris

Purulent inflammation of the hair follicle and directly the sebaceous gland. Often caused with a staph infection. Usually rashes are observed on the face, chest, back. The course of the disease of the face: the appearance of black dots - comedones, then the appearance of a painful red nodule, after - the formation of a purulent pustule.

With infections, necrotic acne is possible, in which necrosis progresses in the depth of the element. In this case, after healing, a scar is formed. The spread of the process increases the risk of abscesses and acne conglobata.

Important! Viral skin diseases occur in 3-4% of adult patients and up to 10% of children.

Herpes simplex

Scientists estimate that this form of herpes occurs in 90% of the population. The virus enters the body through injured skin, mucous membranes, possibly through sexual contact. Herpes may not manifest itself for years, but become more active during stress, other diseases, and hypothermia. In this case, a bubble reaction occurs on a small skin area, usually on the face.

Shingles

In fact, it is a severe form of herpes. It is more often diagnosed in older people with low immunity or who have had an illness or significant stress. The rash is not painful, but left untreated can cause CNS damage.

HPV - Human papillomavirus

Causes the appearance of genital warts and warts on the mucous membranes and skin. More than 200 varieties of the virus are known, of which 50% are the main cause of warts. The reason for the defeat of the virus: low immunity and skin microtrauma. When infected, the virus may not appear for a long time, but become more active when the body weakens. There is a definite link between HPV infection and some forms of cancer, including cervical cancer.

Important! Usually, each disease has pronounced symptoms, but not infrequently, skin changes can be grouped, which complicates the diagnostic process. To find out the reasons for the appearance of deviations, it is necessary to undergo an examination and be extremely frank with a dermatologist, without hiding habits or diseases. Self-medication or the use of drugs without an accurate diagnosis can aggravate the situation.

The skin reacts literally to everything: both to external factors in the form of atmospheric conditions, and to internal processes occurring in the body. The result of such reactions are all kinds of diseases of the skin of the face, which cause physical and moral discomfort.

Successful, rapid treatment largely depends on the stage at which it was started and on the correct diagnosis.

The skin can react to anything: to a surge in hormonal levels - acne; for long-term use of antibiotics - rosacea; on passion for tanning and saunas - rosacea. Many cosmetologists have tried to classify a huge number of facial skin diseases, but it is difficult to distribute more than 600 problems that are so similar to each other. A simple layman who found a rash of unknown origin in a mirror on his face needs to know at least the most common of them.

acne(pimples, blackheads) - a violation in the work of the sebaceous glands, which in the initial stages manifests itself in black dots and small individual acne, and then develops into painful, inflamed rashes. They form swellings filled with pus.
Rosacea- a small rash of pink or red color.
Couperose- vascular asterisks.
Papillomas- skin lesions caused by a virus.
Impetigo- pustular, infectious disease caused by the action of streptococci and staphylococci, looks like red bumpy rashes, spots that are quite painful. Later, bubbles form in place of these tubercles.
Melanoma- a tumor that develops from a birthmark, malignant. Its characteristic features are an increase in the size of the mole (more than 6 mm in diameter), uneven edges and an unnatural color.
Keratosis- spots of small size, very different colors. They can be flat, and protrude, eventually taking on a mushroom shape. Almost always covered with coarse horny scales.
Vitiligo- spots of pink or milky white color, which tend to increase, acquiring rounded outlines. Growing, merge with each other and form extensive foci.
Chloasma- increased pigmentation of a limited area of the face, which has clear boundaries.
Seborrheic dermatitis- peeling of the skin, severe redness in the eyes and nose. It is itchy and sore.

If one of these dermatitis is suspected, it is urgent to find out the reasons for such a drastic change in appearance. By eliminating the root cause, you can quickly and effectively get rid of the very disease of the skin of the face that you have begun. And the reasons can be the greatest variety.

Causes of diseases of the skin of the face

Any skin diseases on the face do not occur on their own: you need to look for a provocateur factor that caused disturbances in the subcutaneous processes. And for this, you will have to analyze not only your facial cosmetics, but also reconsider the lifestyle that you lead, and even answer very personal questions about the state of your nervous system lately.

Wrong skin care

One of the most common causes of all kinds of skin diseases is improper skin care. The abundance of decorative cosmetics actively clogs pores with insufficient regular cleansing. The result is a microenvironment under the skin in which bacteria multiply, causing damage to cells.

Heredity

It is very difficult to put in order problematic, oily skin, the work of the sebaceous glands of which is dictated by internal deep processes that do not depend on a person. However, proper care and a healthy lifestyle greatly facilitate her condition.

Lifestyle

If you don’t get enough sleep, love fast food, abuse cigarettes and alcohol, and don’t think about sports at all, you shouldn’t be surprised that at some certain point the skin will respond to this with a real rebellion: it needs vitamins and oxygen, which you don’t provide it with by leading such a lifestyle.

Internal diseases

Most often, skin diseases of the face can signal a malfunction of the stomach, circulatory system, or kidneys. General weakening of the immune system, viral infections can also provoke their appearance.

Problems of the nervous system

Think: are you satisfied with your life? Are you too often nervous and break down to the point of tantrums? If all this is accompanied by rashes, it is stressful situations that are the causes of their appearance.

According to the discovered provocateur factor, it will already be possible to judge whether a hormonal, infectious or fungal disease of the skin of the face is attacking your body. And the treatment itself will depend on this.

Treatment of diseases of the skin of the face

It is very important which diseases of the skin of the face are detected: the treatment will depend on the diagnosis. It can consist both in a medical way of solving the problem, and with the help of folk, home remedies. It will also be of considerable importance whether your lifestyle, which has such a strong effect on the condition of the skin, will change.

First, address the root cause of the disease: take proper care of your skin, avoid stress, get a medical examination and treatment for internal diseases, stop smoking and exercise.
Secondly, consult a doctor for clarification of the diagnosis and prescription of treatment. Accurate adherence to the recipe is the key to a speedy recovery. Such diseases are treated with antibiotics, antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs, both externally (ointments) and internally (tablets).
Thirdly, help drug treatment with folk remedies if you are sure of the accuracy of the diagnosis: home masks greatly facilitate the course of such diseases.

The treatment will be effective only if the diseases of the skin of the face are precisely defined: the symptoms will tell you what the problem is. The main thing is not to delay it and, if possible, still take a consultation with a dermatologist. Home self-medication is not always useful, especially if the case is severe enough.

From the outside, the human body protects its largest organ and is therefore very vulnerable. The skin consists of 3 layers, epidermis, dermis and adipose tissue, each of which is subject to many diseases. In order to start treatment in a timely manner, it is important to know the forms and symptoms of such pathologies, their external manifestations.

Types of skin diseases

There are several options for classifying the described group of ailments, depending on their localization, the nature of the course, and the clinical picture. To simplify, skin diseases are usually distinguished according to the cause of occurrence. By clarifying the factors that provoked the problem under consideration, it is easier to establish a correct diagnosis and prescribe an effective treatment regimen.

Classification of dermatological diseases

By origin, the presented group of pathologies is divided into the following types:

To obtain information about any problem, it is important to know its exact name. Microbial dermatological skin disease - names:

acne
leprosy;
balanitis;
granulomatosis;
furunculosis;
ecthyma;
sycosis;
small cell keratolysis;
erysipeloid;
meningococcemia;
lymphangitis;
intertrigo;
abscess;
and others.

Viral skin diseases:

smallpox;
herpes;
molluscum contagiosum;
shingles;
warts;
papillomas and others.

Fungal diseases:

epidermophytosis;
candidiasis;
seborrhea;
nodular trichosporia;
trichophytosis;
multi-colored lichen;
scab;
rubrophytia;
microsporia and others.

scabies;
demodicosis;
leishmaniasis;
pediculosis and others.

Autoimmune diseases:

hives;
neurodermatitis;
pemphigus;
scleroderma;
dermatomyositis;
acrosclerosis;
psoriasis;
vasculitis;
pemphigoid;
systemic lupus erythematosus with manifestations on the skin;
dermatitis herpetiformis Dühring;
chloasma and others.

Oncological diseases:

adenocarcinoma;
squamous cell skin cancer;
basalioma;
melanoma and others.

Symptoms of skin diseases

The clinical picture of dermatological pathologies corresponds to their type and severity. Skin diseases also have common symptoms, among which may be observed:

rashes;
cracks;
ulcers;
redness, bruising and other changes in skin tone;
acne;
abscesses;
growths;
peeling;
erosion;
dryness;
blisters;
change in skin pigmentation;
inflammation;
pustules, papules and the like.

Skin diseases on the face

The most common problem in this area is acne. Acne is provoked by propionic bacteria, but various factors can stimulate their reproduction:

demodicosis;

herpes;

seborrheic dermatitis;

rosacea;

rosacea;

chloasma.

Skin diseases on the head

The epidermis of the hairy areas is also prone to dermatological ailments. Their main symptom is dandruff. Often, diseases of the scalp are accompanied by other characteristic signs:

hair loss;
peeling;
increased activity of the sebaceous glands;
end section;
fragility, fragility and dullness of hair;
rash on the scalp;
redness.

Common dermatological diseases of the hairy areas:

seborrhea;

ringworm;

pediculosis;

folliculitis.

Skin diseases on the body

The maximum amount of epidermis, dermis and adipose tissue protects the human body. The most pronounced and extensive lesions are provoked by the skin disease psoriasis, plaques sometimes cover up to 80% of the body. They have a specific appearance and structure, as seen in the photo, so the pathology is easily diagnosed even during the initial appointment with a dermatologist.

Other common skin ailments on the body:

shingles;

eczema;

acne;

pink deprive Zhibera;

allergic dermatitis;

hives;

skin melanoma;

warts.

Skin diseases on the hands

Palms and hands are constantly in contact with contaminated surfaces, chemicals and other irritants. The result of this can be a skin disease dermatitis, which has an autoimmune (allergic) nature. It manifests itself in the form of a reddish rash, prone to confluence and the formation of extensive foci of inflammation, peeling and itching.

The following diseases can also be found on the skin of the hands:

scabies;

eczema;

psoriasis;

mycosis;

felon;

neurodermatitis;

vitiligo;

warts.

Skin diseases on the legs

Feet most of the time are covered with shoes, subject to rubbing and minor damage, which contributes to the reproduction and spread of fungal infections. For this reason, fungal diseases of smooth skin are often diagnosed on the legs, accompanied by an unpleasant odor, exfoliation of the epidermis, and destruction of nails. Without treatment, such pathologies progress rapidly, become chronic.

Less often, the legs are affected by other skin diseases, the symptoms of which are shown in the photo:

dermatitis;

psoriasis;

hyperkeratosis;

corn;

plantar warts.

Skin diseases - diagnosis

To prescribe adequate treatment, a dermatologist needs to find out the type of pathology and the cause of its occurrence. Human skin diseases are diagnosed using the following methods:

clinical examination by a specialist;
collection of anamnesis;
registration of patient complaints and visual symptoms;
establishing the presence of an isomorphic reaction;
vitropressure (diascopy, pressure on damaged areas with glass);
layered scraping;
bacterioscopic or bacteriological examination;
cytological analysis of prints, smears;
determination of the cellular composition of the fluid separated from the affected surface;
histochemical and histological examination of the epidermis;
dermatography or dermatoscopy;
skin tests;
serological tests;
microscopic analysis of scrapings.

In addition to specific methods of examination, general methods for diagnosing diseases are used. Analysis is required:

blood (standard and biochemical, for sugar);
urine;
feces.

Depending on the suspected causes of the disease, the dermatologist may recommend the following tests:

hormonal panels;
allergy tests;
immune status;
ultrasound diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract;
virology and others.

Treatment of skin diseases

The therapeutic approach is selected taking into account the cause of the established pathology. Diseases of the skin are treated with systemic and local drugs aimed at eliminating symptoms and combating pathogens:

In addition, phyto- and physiotherapy are used, general methods of treatment are suitable regardless of which skin disease has been detected:

rejection of harmful addictions;
diet correction;
normalization of the daily routine;
selection of the right skin care;
compliance with the drinking regime;
taking vitamins and minerals;
compliance with hygiene standards.

Skin diseases and their prevention

Some dermatological ailments cannot be prevented, especially if the cause of their occurrence is not yet known to medicine, for example, psoriasis or eczema. In other cases, the prevention of skin diseases comes down to the following recommendations:

Choosing the right cosmetics
Avoid visiting public places with high humidity (pools, saunas, baths and beaches), where sanitary requirements are not observed.
Adhere to hygiene rules, take a shower regularly, using cosmetic soap (gel) and a washcloth.
Avoid unprotected sex with unfamiliar partners.
Keep nails clean.
Do not use other people's towels, washcloths, razors and other personal items.
Do manicures, pedicures and hair removal only by certified masters who follow sanitary rules.
Follow nutrition.
Wash hands before eating, after going to the toilet and after coming from the street.
Use disinfectant spray or skin wipes when traveling on public transport.
Observe quarantine if a family member has contracted a dermatological disease.
Do not come into contact with infected people and animals.