What diseases develop with a lack of vitamin E. How to stimulate the secretion of bile in the body. The use of vitamin E in medical practice
Nowadays, the name “vitamin E” refers to a group of 8 tocopherols. These are light yellow transparent viscous oils that are destroyed by ultraviolet radiation. When ingested with food, tocopherols are absorbed in the intestines, entering the lymph and blood. With the bloodstream, they enter the liver, where they bind to proteins and again enter the blood as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), where tocopherol is exchanged between VLDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). As part of LDL, tocopherol enters adipose, muscle and nervous tissue, where it performs its functions - protects cell membranes from oxidative damage, controls the synthesis of nucleic acids and heme (an iron-containing compound that is part of hemoglobin), and optimizes oxygen consumption by cells. Unabsorbed tocopherols are excreted in the feces.
The amount of vitamin E is measured in international units (IU). Children of the first year of life need about 3-5 IU of tocopherol per day, children 1-3 years old - about 6 IU, 4-10 years old - 7 IU. Adult men need to consume at least 10 IU of vitamin E per day, women - 8 IU. However, during pregnancy the norm increases to 10 IU, and during lactation - to 12. It is believed that without unpleasant consequences You can consume up to 100 IU of vitamin E.
Hypovitaminosis E can develop either if too little of this vitamin enters the body with food (primary deficiency), or if for some reason it is not absorbed in the intestines ( secondary failure). Primary deficiency can develop due to improper, irrational nutrition. This often happens when artificial feeding children.
Secondary failure develops due to any pathologies gastrointestinal tract. This may be cystic fibrosis, malabsorption syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome (when tocopherol does not have time to be absorbed due to the fact that the intestine has been shortened during any operation), abetolipoproteinemia (a genetic disease in which the transport and absorption of fats is impaired). Hypovitaminosis E can develop as a consequence helminthic infestations, infectious diseases, hypoparathyroidism, carcinoid syndrome (a condition caused by the release of hormones by tumor cells).
Diagnostics
If you suspect hypovitaminosis E, you should consult a therapist or nutritionist. To make a diagnosis, a patient interview and an analysis of the level of tocopherol in the blood plasma are required.
Treatment
Treatment of vitamin E deficiency consists of prescribing tocopherol preparations and diet adjustments. A person suffering from hypovitaminosis E should eat more peas, corn, oatmeal, buckwheat, shrimp, and squid. Tocopherol is also found in mackerel, pike perch, and eggs. There is a lot of vitamin E in oils - soybean, corn, sunflower, cottonseed and butter. Nuts, wheat germ, cabbage and lettuce are rich in this vitamin.
Secondary vitamin E deficiency should, if possible, eliminate the primary disease.
Prevention
To prevent hypovitaminosis E, healthy people only need proper nutrition.
Children born at term do not need additional vitamin E, however, premature babies need this vitamin in most cases.
Doctor Peter
Vitamin E is one of the most important and useful biologically active substances that are necessary for full human life. Vitamin E deficiency develops against the background unfavorable factors internal and external environment and can lead to a significant deterioration in well-being and the appearance of many unpleasant symptoms. Vitamin E deficiency in the body is a dangerous condition, requiring timely diagnosis and proper treatment. When the first signs of such vitamin deficiency appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Why does our body need vitamin E?
Vitamin E plays an important role in the functioning of all organs and systems and has many beneficial properties:- protects cells from the harmful effects of free radicals;
- has an antihypoxic effect on tissues and prevents the occurrence of oxygen deficiency in them;
- has a neuroprotective effect, that is, it protects the nervous system from harmful factors of the internal and external environment;
- Thanks to its antioxidant properties, it reduces the risk of oncological diseases;
- normalizes cholesterol levels in the body;
- strengthens protective forces body;
- plays an important role in maintaining normal human reproductive function;
- participates in erythropoiesis, synthesis of connective and muscle tissue.
Why does vitamin deficiency occur?
Several external and internal environmental factors are considered predisposing to the development of vitamin deficiency. E-vitaminosis occurs most often due to the following reasons:- Poor nutrition. An insufficient amount of the substance enters the human body with food, which leads to the appearance. Poor nutrition is a key cause of many ailments, including hypovitaminosis or vitamin deficiency.
- Metabolic disorder. Tocopherol is fat soluble and is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In the presence of inflammatory processes or other organ pathologies digestive system absorption of substances is significantly deteriorated, which leads to a lack of nutrients and other valuable compounds in the body.
- Exposure to toxins. Many toxic substances interfere with the normal metabolism of beneficial substances and often lead to polyvitaminosis of several vitamins.
Clinical manifestations
Vitamin E deficiency has many clinical manifestations, which depend on the general condition of the body and the duration of the deficiency. The first symptoms in most cases are weakness, decreased mental and physical activity . Since the substance takes an active part in maintaining immunity, vitamin E deficiency also manifests itself in frequent, long-lasting colds.More specific signs of vitamin deficiency are the appearance of problems with reproductive function. In men and women, the synthesis of sex hormones decreases, which complicates the process of conception, and sometimes causes infertility in a couple. For pregnant women, the lack of this biologically active substance is also very harmful; E-vitaminosis can lead to spontaneous abortion or premature placental abruption.
A sign of vitamin E deficiency is severe muscle weakness, as well as disturbances in skin sensitivity and the appearance of paresthesia.
Lack of vitamin has a very negative effect on vision and condition. skin. Vitamin E plays a vital role in maintaining youthful and beautiful skin; it prevents the processes premature aging, is responsible for healthy color faces. With a lack of this substance, the skin rapidly begins to fade, loses its elasticity and ability to regenerate.
Severe vitamin E deficiency leads to the development of the following pathologies:
- hemolytic anemia;
- retinopathy;
- lipofuscinosis;
- sudden death of infants.
Treatment
If there is a lack of vitamin E, vitamin deficiency must be treated with diet and additional vitamin supplements. Proper nutrition is the basis for the treatment of vitamin deficiency, therefore the diet should be rich in foods containing vitamin E. The group of such products includes vegetable oils, greens, vegetables, eggs, nuts. The record holder for the content of this valuable substance is considered to be wheat germ oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and almonds.Lack of food in the diet plant origin is the main cause of vitamin deficiency, so the patient must include them in his daily menu.
Special vitamin complexes will also help compensate for the lack of vitamin E. Vitamin preparations should be prescribed by a doctor who will determine optimal dose and duration of treatment for a particular patient. With a responsible attitude to treatment, the prognosis for a patient with vitamin deficiency is favorable and the deficiency can be fully replenished within several months.
Uncontrolled use of the medicine can lead to a deterioration in the general condition or overdose and hypervitaminosis. Depending on the main clinical manifestations, the doctor selects the dosage and duration of treatment with the drug. Usually Vitamin deficiency therapy is well tolerated, in rare cases it may occur allergic reaction . It is not recommended to give tocopherol-based drugs to children under 12 years of age due to its effect on the reproductive system.
How to avoid E-vitaminosis
To prevent vitamin E deficiency, no complex, special measures are needed. To fully provide yourself with this valuable substance, it is enough to eat right, do not abuse alcoholic beverages, avoid smoking and taking drugs. Plant-based products should be present in your diet every day. You should also promptly treat gastrointestinal pathologies that negatively affect vitamin metabolism.People who have had an intestinal or gastric resection need to take additional multivitamins. It is necessary to follow the recommendations of the attending physician and be regularly examined for the underlying pathology. An important element secondary prevention is to consult a doctor when the first signs of vitamin deficiency appear.
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The main role of retinol (vitamin A) is to protect the body against the action of free radicals (molecules that provoke oxidative processes in the body). For vitamin A deficiency protective functions decrease, making patients more vulnerable to various diseases. Among the signs vitamin deficiency, which occur most often, one can note problems with the skin and mucous membranes, blurred vision, decreased immunity. Consequences of vitamin A deficiency for the eyes
Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency from the visual organs are:- accumulation of crusts in the corners of the eyes;
- xerosis (damage to the conjunctiva and cornea);
- Bitot's spots (spots on the eye sclera);
- keratomalacia (softening of the cornea);
- hemeralopia (inability to adapt to low light);
- color blindness (inability to distinguish colors).
Long-term retinol deficiency leads to the development of xerosis, which affects the conjunctiva (tissue covering the eyes and the inner surface of the eyelids) and the cornea of the eyes. In this case, plaques appear on the surface of the eye, which are called Bitot's spots and can be gray or white. Subsequently, the conjunctiva becomes gray in color, loses its shine and sensitivity. Patients experience a burning sensation foreign body, visual impairment.
The next stage of xerosis is keratomalacia, which is characterized by softening and in some cases disintegration of the cornea and conjunctiva. With vitamin deficiency in children, keratomalacia causes complete or partial loss of vision.
Another symptom of vitamin A deficiency is the disease hemeralopia, the second name of which is night blindness. With this pathology, the eyes do not adapt well to insufficient lighting, and the person begins to see worse in the dark and at night. Often, with vitamin A deficiency, color blindness develops, in which a person ceases to distinguish colors.
Skin rash due to vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency has a negative impact on the functioning of sebaceous and sweat glands. For this reason, the skin becomes dry and rough. Over time, the skin begins to peel off and a nodular rash appears on its surface. With severe retinol deficiency, follicular hyperkeratosis develops. This disease is caused by the proliferation of the stratum corneum and blockage of the follicles by epidermal scales. Externally, the pathology manifests itself as “ goose pimples", which covers large areas of the body in the area of the elbows, knees, and hips. To the touch, such skin is dense, rough and rough.Consequences of vitamin A deficiency
Lack of vitamin A causes pathological changes from the outside internal organs. The most severely affected are young children, in whom vitamin deficiency provokes a deterioration in appetite, stunted growth and weight gain, and mental retardation. An insufficient amount of retinol leads to disruption of the production of the enzyme lysozyme, which protects the body from bacteria. Therefore, with a deficiency of this element, a person becomes more susceptible to respiratory and respiratory infections. digestive tract. Symptoms of retinol deficiency often include: various diseases genitourinary system. Women may develop mastopathy (proliferation of breast tissue), cervical erosion. In men, vitamin A deficiency manifests itself as a lack of sexual desire and/or erection problems. Patients with vitamin A deficiency are included in the group increased risk occurrence of cancer.Manifestations of vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency can manifest itself in both internal and external pathologies. The lack of this vitamin negatively affects a person’s appearance, physical and mental health. Muscle weakness due to vitamin E deficiency
Muscle weakness is characteristic symptom for tocopherol deficiency. Impaired muscle tone leads to decreased performance, passivity, and increased fatigue. Weakness can manifest itself both throughout the body and in its separate parts. Most often the lower and upper limbs. In addition to loss of muscle tone, with vitamin E deficiency, patients often complain of a feeling of numbness and tingling in the arms and legs, loss of sensation, and weakened grasping and other reflexes.In older people, a lack of vitamin E often manifests itself as severe pain in the calf muscles ah, which occur when walking. In an effort to reduce pain, a patient with vitamin E deficiency changes his gait, which leads to lameness.
The effect of vitamin E deficiency on the libido of women and men
One of the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency is deterioration in sex life. In men, inadequate amounts of tocopherol reduce the volume and quality of sperm produced. In women, vitamin E deficiency brings the onset of menopause closer and disrupts the menstrual cycle. All these factors lead to a decrease in sexual desire and various sexual disorders.Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency during pregnancy
The term tocopherol translated from Greek means the bearer of offspring. Thus, vitamin E was designated at the beginning of the last century, when it was established that without it normal conception and pregnancy are impossible. This element has a beneficial effect on ovulation and egg maturation. Tocopherol also prepares the female body for fertilization and fixation of the fetus in the uterus. Therefore, one of the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency is a woman’s inability to become pregnant. When tocopherol deficiency develops during pregnancy, signs of this pathological condition appear already from the first trimester.Signs of vitamin E deficiency during pregnancy are:
- muscle spasms;
- severe toxicosis;
- fetal developmental delay;
- risk of miscarriage .
Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency on the skin
Tocopherol is an effective antioxidant (a substance that fights aging). If this element is missing barrier functions skin deteriorates, making it more susceptible to negative impact environmental factors. With tocopherol deficiency, the skin loses its tone, becomes less elastic and flabby.A lack of vitamin E negatively affects blood clotting and inhibits the healing of scratches and other skin damage. Also, in the absence of the required amount of tocopherol, the metabolism in the body is disrupted. Under the influence of these factors, patients with vitamin E deficiency suffer from acne and other skin rashes. A common symptom of vitamin E deficiency is the appearance of red spots on the human body. Often, due to a lack of tocopherol, anemia develops, which is manifested by pallor of the skin.
Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency on the hands
With a deficiency of vitamin E, the synthesis of melanin (a pigment substance) increases, resulting in the formation of pigment spots on the skin. Most often, pigmented skin staining is observed on the hands.Dryness and flaking of the skin are also symptoms of vitamin E deficiency.
The skin becomes thinner and begins to crack. Nail plates lose their strength and become brittle.
Coordination disorder due to vitamin E deficiency
A common symptom of vitamin E deficiency is a disorder called ataxia. With this disease, coordination of movements is impaired. This happens due to the destruction of nerve fibers, which occurs when the body is inadequately supplied with tocopherol. Strength in the upper and lower extremities is significantly reduced, and the patient's movements become imprecise. People lose dexterity, the sequence of actions is disrupted, and in some cases balance may be impaired.Symptoms of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Vitamin B1 or thiamine is a substance that is involved in many energy processes in the body, but mainly acts as an enzyme in the reactions of nervous tissue (this vitamin is also called anti-neurotic). Therefore, deficiency of this vitamin mainly affects the activity of the nervous system. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency from the nervous system are:
- increased fatigue;
- sleep disturbance;
- increased tearfulness;
- muscle weakness.
Severe vitamin B1 deficiency is known as beriberi disease.
Thiamine deficiency or beriberi
This form of vitamin deficiency mainly occurs when there is insufficient intake of the vitamin from food. It occurs in people who eat exclusively white rice. IN modern society Beriberi disease is rare.There are several forms of this pathology, which differ in the body systems involved in the pathological process.
The clinical forms of beriberi are:
- dry form;
- cerebral form;
- wet form.
This form is also called peripheral polyneuropathy, as it is characterized by damage to the nerve endings of the lower extremities. The term polyneuropathy refers to a pathological process in nerve endings, which is accompanied by loss of function of the area innervated by this nerve.
Beriberi polyneuropathy is characterized by multiple, but at the same time, symmetrical lesions peripheral nerves.
Complaints of patients with polyneuropathy are:
- burning sensation in the feet;
- paresthesia (sensitivity disorders) in the lower extremities;
- convulsions (involuntary contractions with pronounced pain syndrome) in the calf muscles;
- weakness and fast fatiguability when walking.
Cerebral form
The cerebral form of beriberi is also called hemorrhagic polioencephalitis or Korsakoff-Wernicke syndrome. This pathology is also a manifestation of severe vitamin B1 deficiency. Initially, symptoms such as memory impairment and spatial orientation problems appear. Then symptoms associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and which are symptoms of encephalopathy are added.
Symptoms of beriberi encephalopathy include:
- ophthalmoplegia- paralysis of the eye muscles, in which eyeball becomes motionless (because the oculomotor nerves are affected);
- ataxia– disturbance of gait and coordination of movements;
- confusion– patients are disoriented in time and space, and sometimes in their own personality.
Wet form
This form of beriberi affects the cardiovascular system. It is characterized by the development of cardiodystrophy (damage to the heart muscle) and impaired vascular tone. The wet form of vitamin B1 deficiency manifests itself in two variants - hypodynamic and hyperdynamic. With the hypodynamic variant, low cardiac output is noted, so its main manifestations are low blood pressure. In the hyperdynamic variant, cardiac output, on the contrary, is increased. Therefore, the main manifestations of this form are high blood pressure and tachycardia ( rapid heartbeat). It is also characterized by the rapid development of heart failure, in which swelling, difficulty breathing, and even pulmonary edema appear.
Symptoms of beriberi in children
In children, thiamine vitamin deficiency is extremely rare. It is typically seen in infants approximately 2 to 4 months old who were born to mothers with severe beriberi. Manifests this pathology very varied symptoms.Symptoms of beriberi in children are:
- signs of heart failure– bluish discoloration of the skin, wheezing in the lungs, low cardiac output;
- signs of nervous system damage– anxiety, sleep disturbance, lack of tendon reflexes;
- aphonia– a condition in which the sonority of the child’s voice is impaired;
- prolonged absence of stool(constipation) and other disorders of the gastrointestinal system;
- visual impairment.
Signs of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency
Vitamin B2 or riboflavin is involved in the regulation of cell growth and reproduction functions. It is involved in the body's basic redox reactions and is also essential for the formation of red blood cells. Riboflavin is also called the beauty vitamin because it provides healthy condition skin and its appendages (hair and nails). Organs that are affected by riboflavin deficiency include:
- skin and its derivatives (hair, nails);
- mucous membranes - mucous membrane of the tongue, conjunctiva;
- eyes - sclera, cornea.
Manifestations of vitamin B2 deficiency on the skin
Skin manifestations of vitamin B2 deficiency are the earliest among all signs of vitamin deficiency. The skin becomes dry and flaky, and cracks appear on it. Manifestations of vitamin B2 deficiency are seborrheic dermatitis and angular cheilitis.Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis are:
- redness of the skin;
- peeling and dry skin;
- accumulation in hair follicles sebum;
- sometimes the formation of whitish or yellow scales.
Angular cheilitis is a lesion of the skin and at the same time the mucous membrane in the area of the corners of the mouth. Initially, slight maceration (softening) appears in the corners, which is further complicated by the appearance of cracks. Popularly, these inflamed cracks are called jams. Further, when an infection occurs, the jams can become inflamed and bleed.
A lack of vitamin B2 can also manifest itself in various rashes, which most often look like red, scaly spots. Sometimes the periungual bed may become inflamed. However, most often the nails themselves become brittle. Hair also loses its shine, splits and falls out.
Inflammation of the tongue due to vitamin B2 deficiency
Glossitis or inflammation of the tongue due to vitamin B2 deficiency is very common symptom. With glossitis, the tongue swells and becomes bright red. The mucous membrane of the tongue becomes dry, which provokes difficulties in the digestion process. The patient also complains of burning, tingling and other discomfort in language. Initially, the taste buds of the tongue (of which there are many) stand out and the tongue acquires a clear pattern. However, over time they atrophy and the tongue becomes very smooth. In the clinic, this phenomenon is called “polished tongue.”Similarly, with vitamin B2 deficiency, constant dryness mucous membrane of the lips and eyes.
Eye symptoms with vitamin B2 deficiency
Ocular symptoms of riboflavin deficiency include photophobia, burning sensation and pain in the eyes. All these symptoms are associated with the development of blepharitis, keratitis and conjunctivitis. With blepharitis, the edges of the eyelids become inflamed, and with keratitis, the cornea of the eye is affected. In severe cases of vitamin deficiency, there may also be cataracts, in which the lens becomes cloudy and the patient loses vision. A common manifestation of eye symptoms is conjunctivitis. With this manifestation, the mucous membrane of the eyes is always red and swollen, and the patient suffers from photophobia, a burning sensation and a feeling of sand (or other foreign body) in the eyes.In the later stages, when severe vitamin B2 deficiency develops, symptoms of damage to the nervous system and anemic syndrome appear. Dysfunction of the nervous system manifests itself in impaired coordination of movements (ataxia), impaired sensitivity (paresthesia) and increased tendon reflexes. Anemic syndrome is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood. In anemia it is also observed increased fatigue associated with oxygen deficiency, rapid heartbeat and excessive drowsiness.
Vitamin B2 deficiency in pregnant women
Since vitamin B2 plays an important role in regulating cell growth and renewal, its deficiency during pregnancy is accompanied by the development of severe abnormalities in the fetus. The most commonly observed abnormalities are skeletal development, anemia in newborns, and damage to the nervous system.If vitamin B2 deficiency is accompanied by other types of vitamin deficiency, then malformations of the heart and its blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities are also observed.
Manifestations of vitamin B3 deficiency (vitamin PP)
There are several synonyms for vitamin B3, the most popular of which are niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin PP. This vitamin takes part in many vital important reactions body. However, the main role is energy generation and normalization of cardio-vascular system(heart and circulation). Since niacin breaks down fats to provide energy, it also has an anti-cholesterol effect. Symptoms of vitamin B3 deficiency are:
- dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
- elevated cholesterol levels.
Depression due to vitamin PP deficiency
Vitamin B3 or niacin is known to be a major source of energy. When there is a deficiency of a vitamin, it begins to be synthesized from an amino acid such as tryptophan. The biological role of tryptophan is that it subsequently produces serotonin. In the central nervous system, serotonin is the main stimulus. It regulates sleep, wakefulness, our mood, concentration and other important mental functions. With its deficiency, symptoms such as insomnia, irritability, and low mood appear. Prolonged depression and low mood can turn into depression. All this is reinforced by reduced energy metabolism in nerve cells, as a result of which the course of depression is further aggravated.
Thus, vitamin PP deficiency indirectly leads to a lack of serotonin and the development of depressive disorders.
Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract due to vitamin PP deficiency
In addition to its activating effect on the cerebral cortex, niacin has a stimulating effect on the motor function of the stomach and intestines. This vitamin also stimulates the secretion of amylase and lipase by the pancreas. He provides vasodilator effect, and also improves blood circulation in the intestinal loops. With its deficiency, it is disrupted physical activity intestines, the secretion of pancreatic enzymes decreases and diarrhea (frequent bowel movements) often develops.Increased cholesterol levels due to vitamin deficiency RR
Since niacin is involved in the metabolism of lipids and proteins, it helps reduce the level of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in the blood. Therefore, it is successfully used in complex treatment diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and various dyslipidemias (lipid metabolism disorders). Lack of either complete absence Niacin leads to an increase in the concentration of cholesterol in the blood (more than 5 millimoles per liter), as well as an increase in low-density lipoproteins. It is low-density lipoproteins that are the transport form of cholesterol, that is, they contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic process. Thus, vitamin PP deficiency provokes the development of the atherosclerotic process.Severe vitamin PP deficiency is called pellagra.
Symptoms of pellagra or vitamin deficiency RR
This pathology is characterized by a classic triad of symptoms, which includes dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia (popularly referred to as dementia).Dermatitis
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin, namely its upper layer - the epidermis. Dermatitis with pellagra is characterized by rough and rough skin. This is the main manifestation of pellagra, because from Italian this term is translated as “ rough skin" The skin is inflamed, bright red and constantly peels. These manifestations are especially noticeable on the face, neck, shoulders, that is, on those parts of the body that are exposed to ultraviolet rays.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is an intestinal disorder in which stool occurs more than 3 times a day. In this case, the stool is liquid, unformed, with an admixture of undigested food particles. Symptoms of vitamin deficiency such as loss of appetite and impaired digestion are associated with diarrhea.
Dementia
Dementia (dementia) is extreme damage to the nervous system due to pellagra. First, symptoms such as weakness, memory loss, and confusion appear. Patients begin to forget basic things and become absent-minded. Then symptoms such as disorientation in time and space appear. Developing senile dementia, which means a complete collapse of mental functions. Popularly, this condition is called senile insanity.
Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency
Pyridoxine takes part in many vital functions of the body. Therefore, vitamin B6 deficiency provokes many pathologies in various organs. The most vulnerable to pyridoxine deficiency are hair, skin, and nervous system. The effect of vitamin deficiency on hair condition
Vitamin B6 takes an active part in processes that ensure healthy hair. With a lack of this element, the hair does not receive sufficient nutrition and hydration, which affects the condition of the hair. Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency include poor growth, dry and brittle hair. With prolonged pyridoxine deficiency, hair loss begins, the intensity of which progresses. Pyridoxine regulates the activity of the sebaceous glands of the scalp. Therefore, with vitamin B6 deficiency, the function of the sebaceous glands is impaired, which leads to various pathological conditions. A common sign of vitamin B6 deficiency is dry and itchy scalp. Many patients begin to be bothered by dry dandruff.The effect of vitamin deficiency on a person’s weight
Pyridoxine takes part in the metabolism of fats and proteins, ensuring the breakdown of these elements and their absorption. This vitamin is also involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. unsaturated acids. Vitamin B6 acts as a diuretic (diuretic), preventing water retention in the body. A lack of vitamin B6 provokes a violation of lipid-protein metabolism and difficulty breaking down fatty acids. As a result, the body does not consume nutrients fats, and they are transformed into the fat layer. This results in patients with B6 deficiency often having overweight, which they cannot get rid of even with dieting and exercise.Drowsiness with vitamin B6 deficiency
Drowsiness is one of the most common symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency. Lack of vitamin B6 provokes a number of pathological processes. As a result, a patient with pyridoxine deficiency has difficulty sleeping at night. Chronic lack of sleep leads to absent-mindedness, inability to concentrate and decreased ability to work.Factors that provoke drowsiness are:
- impaired production of neurotransmitters (hormones that transmit nerve impulses);
- poor quality supply nerve cells glucose;
- muscle spasms during sleep.
The resting process is also disrupted by spasms of the calf muscles at night, which are a common occurrence with vitamin B6 deficiency. In this case, the convulsions are pronounced; patients wake up in the middle of the night and cannot fall asleep for a long time.
Manifestations of vitamin B6 deficiency on the face
Skin lesions are part of the triad of symptoms accompanying pyridoxine deficiency. Most often, skin problems take the form of seborrheic dermatitis, which is localized to the face.Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency that appear on the face are:
- peeling of the face (complete or partial);
- dry patches of skin in the area of the nasolabial folds;
- peeling of the skin above the eyebrows and around the eyes.
Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency on the lips
Often, a disease such as cheilosis appears as a symptom of vitamin B6 deficiency. This pathology manifests itself as dystrophy (cell damage) of the skin in the lip area. In this case, the border of the lips swells and turns red, becoming painful. Cracks may form perpendicular to the border. Patients complain of a burning sensation, dryness and itching of the lips. Often, border dystrophy is accompanied by swelling of the lips, which impairs speech and makes eating difficult.Why does vitamin B6 deficiency lead to irritability?
Vitamin B6 takes part in the production of serotonin (hormone). This substance regulates the functioning of the nervous system and controls a person’s reaction to stressful situations. If the amount of pyridoxine is insufficient, the process of serotonin synthesis is inhibited. As a result, the patient becomes irritable, hot-tempered and loses the ability to adequately respond to conflicting circumstances.Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin deficiency manifests itself various disorders from the hematopoietic, nervous and gastrointestinal systems (classic triad of symptoms). These symptoms are explained by the fact that vitamin B12 is involved in the synthesis of red blood cells, choline and fatty acids necessary for the brain. Also, with a lack of cyanocobalamin, toxic methylmalonic acid is formed in the body, which causes toxic damage to the lateral cords spinal cord and development of funicular myelosis. Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency are:
- megaloblastic anemia;
- damage to the nervous system;
- damage to the gastrointestinal tract.
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia is a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the blood. With vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia is the most common manifestation.The cause of anemia is the insufficient and poor-quality formation of blood cells, the formation of which requires this vitamin. With cyanocobalamin deficiency, hemoblastosis develops, which is characterized by large forms of leukocytes, platelets and rapid destruction of red blood cells. A distinctive characteristic of B12 deficiency anemia is that along with mature red blood cells, young forms of red blood cells (called reticulocytes) also decrease. This means that the pathological process is already realized at the stage of red blood cell formation. There is not only a decrease in the number of blood cells (erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets), but also a change in their shape. They increase in size, but at the same time, their wall becomes fragile and therefore they quickly collapse. Hemoblastosis with vitamin B12 deficiency is also characterized by a decrease in the number of leukocytes and platelets.
With anemia, a person experiences constant headaches, dizziness, weakness and increased exhaustibility. The reason for this is oxygen deficiency, which always accompanies anemia (since hemoglobin is an oxygen carrier). B12-deficiency anemia is characterized by a specific coloration of the skin. Thus, the patient’s skin takes on a lemon-colored tint. This color is due to the release of a large amount of bilirubin from red blood cells into the bloodstream. It gives the skin a specific shade.
Laboratory blood picture for B12-deficiency anemia
Intestinal damage due to vitamin B12 deficiency
The basis of intestinal damage is a violation of the formation of the mucous layer at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It is known that vitamin B12 is used as a building material in cell synthesis (participates in the formation of DNA and RNA). Since epithelial cells renew themselves faster than all other cells (the epithelium changes within a month), they turn out to be the most sensitive to a lack of cyanocobalamin.Signs of gastrointestinal damage due to vitamin B12 deficiency are:
- periodic constipation;
- lack of appetite and, as a result, loss of body weight;
- glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), manifested by a burning sensation and distension.
It should be noted that despite the abundance of symptoms from the gastrointestinal system, clinical picture often erased. The above symptoms may periodically appear and disappear or be replaced by other symptoms. This is the reason why patients long time do not seek help from a doctor. Lethargy and weakness, headache, occasional nausea, and poor appetite do not give a clear clinical picture.
Damage to the nervous system due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Damage to the nervous system due to a lack of vitamin B12 often accelerates the diagnosis of vitamin deficiency. The neurological syndrome caused by cyanocobalamin deficiency is called funicular myelosis. The cause of neurological symptoms is the lack of myelin in the nervous system. Vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of myelin, which subsequently forms the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. This membrane ensures the conduction of nerve impulses through nerve fiber 10 times faster than in unmyelinated fibers. Therefore, with funicular myelosis, degeneration of the myelin sheath occurs with further development motor and sensory disorders. This pathology is characterized by damage to both the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord.Manifestations of neurological syndrome with vitamin B12 deficiency are:
- emotional lability – increased irritability, low mood;
- unsteady gait;
- numbness of the lower extremities;
- stiffness in the legs;
- severe muscle weakness;
- cramps (sharp muscle contractions);
- in later stages, loss of deep sensitivity.
Symptoms of folic acid deficiency (vitamin B9)
Folic acid or vitamin B9 plays an important role in the process of growth and differentiation of body cells. Shortage folic acid It is especially dangerous for pregnant women, because it affects the formation of the fetus. That is why all pregnant women are prescribed folic acid to prevent the development of abnormalities in the fetus. In the body, folic acid and cyanocobalamin function together. Thus, under the influence of cyanocobalamin, the inactive form of folic acid transforms into the active one. Next, components for DNA are synthesized from the active form of folic acid. Thus, a deficiency of vitamin B12 is almost always accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin B9, because it is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into its active form. Because of this joint functioning of vitamins, folic acid deficiency manifests itself in symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Anemia due to folic acid deficiency
Anemia due to folic acid deficiency is called megaloblastic. It is characterized by the appearance of large forms of red blood cells (macrocytes) of irregular oval shape. Basophilic granularity in erythrocytes and hypersegmentation of nuclei in leukocytes are also detected. This picture is specific to megaloblastic anemia and does not occur in other types.The cause of anemia due to a lack of folic acid is a violation of DNA synthesis and, as a consequence, abnormal mitosis (cell division as a way of their reproduction). As a result of this, the maturation of red blood cells and their further reproduction are delayed in the bone marrow (since there is not enough building material). Thus, the process of hematopoiesis itself is disrupted, which concerns not only red blood cells, but also other blood cells.
Blood picture with folic acid deficiency
Interpretation |
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Hyperchromic anemia |
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Leukopenia | White blood cells less than 4 x 10 to the ninth power |
Thrombocytopenia | Platelets less than 180 x 10 to the ninth power |
Reticulocytopenia | Reticulocytes ( young forms of red blood cells) less than 2 percent. |
Anisocytosis | A blood smear contains cells of various sizes. |
Poikilocytosis | The presence of red blood cells of various shapes, for example, club-shaped or pear-shaped. |
Hypersegmentation of leukocytes | Leukocytes with several segments of nuclei are detected. |
Megaloblastosis | Presence of megaloblasts. Megaloblasts are called large size precursors of erythrocytes with delayed nuclear maturation, with normal cytoplasm. |
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to folic acid deficiency
Abnormal mitosis (cell division) occurs not only at the level bone marrow, but also at the level of other systems. Thus, the appearance of giant epithelial cells at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa leads to the development of inflammatory processes.TO inflammatory phenomena Folic acid deficiency includes:
- stomatitis – inflammation of the oral mucosa, which is accompanied by severe pain;
- glossitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue, which is manifested by a burning sensation and swelling in the tongue;
- gastritis is an inflammatory lesion of the gastric mucosa, which is characterized by pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting;
- enteritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, accompanied by stool disorder.
Folic acid deficiency in pregnant women
Folic acid deficiency has the most dramatic effect in pregnant women. This vitamin plays a decisive role in the development of the fetus. early stage pregnancy (specifically in the first trimester). It is involved in the formation of the neural tube, hematopoietic processes and in the formation of the placenta itself.The consequences of folic acid deficiency in pregnant women are:
- anomalies of the development of the nervous system, which are most often incompatible with life - cerebral hernias, hydrocephalus (“dropsy of the brain”), anencephaly;
- abnormalities in the formation and attachment of the placenta;
- vascular abnormalities, which leads to termination of pregnancy;
- premature birth and, as a consequence, the birth of premature babies;
- delay mental development and mental disorders in children.
Manifestations of vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
Vitamin C deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid regulates the most important functions of the body. In order to understand how dangerous a deficiency of vitamin C is, it is necessary to know its functions and biological role. The functions of ascorbic acid in the body are:
- function of detoxification and neutralization of superoxide radicals;
- immunomodulation function, due to the restoration of vitamin E and interferon;
- promotes iron absorption;
- stimulates collagen synthesis;
- participates in the formation of serotonin from tryptophan;
- has a strengthening effect on blood vessels;
- takes part in the formation of bile acids.
It is customary to distinguish between a lack of vitamin C and its complete absence. A deficiency of ascorbic acid develops within one to three months of its deficiency in the diet. The complete absence of vitamin C in the body is called scurvy. This condition develops after three to six months of ascorbic acid deficiency. There are three degrees of vitamin C deficiency.
The degrees of vitamin C deficiency in the body include:
- first degree– manifested by symptoms such as muscle pain, fatigue, enlarged gums;
- second degree– manifested by weight loss, mental exhaustion, periodic nosebleeds;
- third degree– characterized by hemorrhages in internal organs, gangrenous gingivitis, and tooth loss.
First degree of vitamin C deficiency
It begins with mild symptoms of malaise and fatigue. The reason for this is anemia (decreased blood hemoglobin) and decreased immunity. Anemia develops due to impaired absorption of iron at the level of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, ascorbic acid is involved in the conversion of ferric iron to divalent iron. Iron, which enters the body with food and is used for the synthesis of hemoglobin, has a third degree of valency, but only iron of the second valence is absorbed at the mucosal level. Vitamin C converts ferric iron into ferrous iron, thereby ensuring its absorption. Next, heme, part of hemoglobin, is synthesized from iron. When there is a lack of vitamin C, iron is not absorbed by the mucous membrane, since it remains trivalent. This leads to its deficiency and, as a consequence, to the development of anemia. Since hemoglobin is an oxygen transporter, when it is deficient, it develops oxygen starvation. Therefore, a person experiences fatigue, severe weakness, and muscle pain.The gums become slightly swollen and often bleed. The first degree of vitamin deficiency is also characterized by minor hemorrhages. They arise due to excessive fragility of blood vessels and increased permeability of the vascular wall. Ascorbic acid plays a major role in increasing vascular tone and resistance. With its deficiency, blood vessels become brittle and fragile, so any blow provokes the formation of hematomas and hemorrhages.
Second degree of vitamin C deficiency
With the second degree of vitamin C deficiency, a person begins to lose weight. He develops severe anemia, resulting in massive vascular damage. Profuse nosebleeds appear, the skin of patients becomes dark in color. The gums become swollen and bluish, and are also covered with small ulcers. The teeth begin to loosen. Also, the second degree of vitamin deficiency is characterized by mental exhaustion, in which patients become irritable, lethargic and sleep poorly.Third degree vitamin deficiency C
With the third degree of vitamin C deficiency, patients are in very in serious condition. Extensive hemorrhages develop in the muscles and internal organs, which entails various complications. Trophic ulcers appear on the lower extremities due to infection of hematomas. Gingivitis becomes gangrenous in nature - the gums constantly bleed, swell, and become covered with ulcerations. All this leads to the fact that teeth begin to fall out.Numerous hemorrhages in the internal organs are often complicated by infection. Therefore, mortality at this stage due to sepsis is very high.
Symptoms of scurvy
Scurvy or scurvy manifests itself various symptoms. On initial stage it is characterized general symptoms, manifested in the form of weakness, fatigue and pain in the legs. Subsequently, these manifestations are accompanied by weakness, apathy, and drowsiness. However, specific symptoms for scurvy are frequent hemorrhages and gum damage.Gums become bluish tint, swell and are easily injured when brushing your teeth. The gum tissue becomes loose and the teeth begin to loosen. Over time, the fixation of teeth in the jaw weakens so much that teeth begin to fall out.
Due to impaired collagen synthesis vascular wall becomes very brittle. This entails frequent hemorrhages and the formation of hematomas (collections of blood). These hematomas can form in internal organs, in the skin, and in the subperiosteal space. If the hematoma is localized between the bone and the periosteum (most often this occurs on the lower limb), then this provokes severe pain. This symptom often observed with vitamin C deficiency in children.
Hemorrhages in the skin can be in the form of small rash(at the initial stage) or in the form of dark red spots (ecchymoses). When large hemorrhages develop, the skin underneath may be torn off. Thus, scurvy ulcers form. Violation of the integrity of blood vessels in the internal organs is accompanied by nasal, gastric, intestinal, and kidney bleeding. Scurvy is always accompanied by anemia, physical and mental exhaustion.
Symptoms of vitamin deficiency in children
Vitamin deficiency of vitamin D and C most often occurs in children. The most severe consequences are accompanied by vitamin D deficiency. Thus, in young children it leads to damage to the bone apparatus and nervous system. Causes of vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency is a common pathology, the occurrence of which is facilitated by climatic conditions, dietary habits, or certain diseases.Factors that lead to vitamin D deficiency are:
- overweight;
- lack of sunlight;
- vegetarian food system;
- deterioration of absorption (digestibility) of the vitamin;
- poor processing of the vitamin into its active form;
- taking medications that interfere with vitamin metabolism.
Most people whose weight index exceeds 30 (the norm varies from 18.5 to 25) suffer from a lack of vitamin D. Deficiency develops because adipose tissue in large quantities absorbs this vitamin.
Sunlight deficiency
One form of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the body under the influence of sunlight. Therefore, residents of the northern regions often lack this element. Also, people who spend a large amount of time in rooms where it does not penetrate suffer from a deficiency of this vitamin. sunlight. The production of cholecalciferol is significantly reduced when using sunscreens, as they do not allow the skin to absorb ultraviolet radiation. Melanin (a natural skin pigment) inhibits the synthesis of vitamin D, so people with dark skin tones are more at risk of developing vitamin deficiency.
Vegetarian food system
Vitamin D comes in two forms (cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol), both of which are found in animal products. Therefore, people who adhere to a strict vegetarian diet and refuse fish, liver, and eggs are susceptible to this pathology.
Impaired vitamin absorption
If you have certain diseases, your body's ability to absorb vitamin D from food is significantly reduced. Inflammatory processes organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) impair the absorption functions of the mucous membrane, which leads to a deficiency of this element. Vitamin D deficiency often occurs in patients with Crohn's disease (inflammatory damage to the gastrointestinal tract), cystic fibrosis (pathology of organs that secrete mucus, including the intestines).
Poor processing of the vitamin into its active form
In order for vitamin D to be absorbed by the body, it must enter its active form. The processing process occurs in the liver, then in the kidneys. Therefore, as the functionality of these organs deteriorates, a deficiency of this vitamin may develop. People in old age are most susceptible to vitamin D deficiency due to its poor transformation.
Taking medications that interfere with vitamin metabolism
A group of medications that inhibit the metabolism of vitamin D include antacids (drugs to reduce acidity gastric juice). Medicines designed to combat high cholesterol. Mineral and synthetic laxatives worsen vitamin D metabolism.
Signs of vitamin D deficiency in children
In children, a lack of vitamin D affects the condition of the bone and nervous system. The first signs of the disease appear at the age of 2 – 3 months. The child becomes irritable, whiny, and sleeps poorly. There is an increased susceptibility to external stimuli - he is frightened loud sounds, flashes of light. First of all, the baby does not sleep well, he has difficulty falling asleep, and once he falls asleep, he often wakes up. Sleep is very shallow and intermittent. During sleep, the child's parents notice that he begins to sweat a lot. This sweating is especially noticeable on the scalp, in the back of the head. The child begins to rub the back of his head against the pillow, which leads to patches of baldness in this area.The child's muscles become flaccid and muscle hypotonia develops. It is worth noting that children of this age, on the contrary, are characterized by increased muscle tone (hypertonicity). Therefore, when physiological hypertonicity gives way to hypotonicity, it is immediately noticeable. Children become inactive and apathetic.
The main effect of vitamin D deficiency is on bone structure. Thus, with vitamin D deficiency, softening of bone structures and resorption of elements occurs bone tissue. This phenomenon is called osteomalacia. It is caused by a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, which occurs with a lack of vitamin D. It is known that biological effect vitamin is to ensure the absorption of calcium and phosphorus at the intestinal level. After these microelements are absorbed, they are transported by the blood plasma to the bone structures. Under the influence of parathyroid hormone, bones are saturated with calcium and phosphorus. However, this does not happen with a lack of vitamin. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency is accompanied by impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism.
Bone structures the baby becomes soft and, first of all, this is noticeable on the bones of the skull. The sutures of the skull become pliable, and there is also a delay in the closure of the greater fontanel. Later, curvature of the bones of the arms, legs and spine develops. A symptom such as “rachitic rosary” appears. Rosaries are thickenings that form at the junction of the cartilaginous and bony parts of the costal arch. What parents also pay attention to is the delay in the appearance of the first teeth and the development of rickets.
Before use, you should consult a specialist.When the human body lacks vitamin substances, it begins to signal this. It is important to recognize certain symptomatic phenomena in time in order to tell a specialist about them and get necessary examination. A lack of vitamin E most often occurs as a result of an unbalanced diet, lack of healthy habits, and living in unfavorable conditions. In addition, this compound cannot be synthesized by the human body. It is important to determine in time how great the tocopherol deficiency is in the body in order to prevent the development of serious diseases.
What happens to the human body when there is a lack of tocopherol?
A lack of tocopherol provokes the onset of certain negative processes in the functioning of internal organs, their systems, and structures. Tissue cells are the first to suffer, as they are no longer supplied with sufficient oxygen. Due to this, they quite easily begin to undergo the process of peroxidation, which in turn can lead to their death. When the process of their death begins, the organs stop functioning at full capacity, which causes disruptions in the functioning of the entire organism.
The person's condition is gradually deteriorating. Misreading the signals sent by the body can lead to serious consequences. Lack of tocopherol can lead to muscle dystrophy, anemia, cardiovascular diseases, and dysfunction visual system, infertility, softening of cranial bones, necrosis hepatic system. These pathologies do not appear immediately, however, there are a number of diseases that can indicate vitamin E hypovitaminosis.
Diseases signaling a lack of vitamin E
It is a proven fact that there are no pathologies whose occurrence is directly related to vitamin E deficiency. However, there are a number of diseases in which a lack of tocopherol in the body is possible. These include:
- muscular dystrophy;
- ataxia of the spinocerebellar type;
- neuropathy in certain forms;
- symptomatic retinopathy;
- severe weakening of the immune system.
These pathologies have their own symptomatic picture. Often, signs of their development indicate an insufficient amount of tocopherol in the human body. However, to obtain a complete history, you need to consult a specialist and undergo an examination.
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis E
The first signs of tocopherol deficiency are:
- the occurrence of a state of muscle hypotonicity;
- presence of muscle weakness;
- constant feeling of fatigue;
- impaired coordination of movements, gait;
- “drying out” of a person before our eyes due to significant loss muscle mass(usually manifests itself in obese adults).
Other symptoms of fat-soluble compound deficiency include:
- deposition of calcium salts in the chest area (visible during an X-ray examination);
- fine motor disorders;
- the occurrence of mismatch of movements;
- dysfunction of the visual organs, its rapid decline, increased eye fatigue;
- jaundice;
- herpes, other diseases that develop in the absence normal operation immune system.
Such symptoms can occur in both men and women, however, they are not typical for children. In children, diseases caused by insufficient vitamin content in the body develop much faster, and therefore it is extremely important to identify this in time in order to provide help.
Mistaken symptoms of hypovitaminosis E
It is known that tocopherol is widely used in the field of cosmetology. For this reason, if women begin to have problems with their hair, flaky areas of the skin appear, the number of wrinkles increases, they get the idea that there is not enough substance in the body. In fact, this opinion is wrong, since a person’s appearance is also influenced by living conditions, adherence to a daily routine, and nutrition. Erroneous symptoms of hypovitaminosis E include:
- emergence age spots on the skin in large quantities;
- a large number of new wrinkles;
- deterioration of the condition of the skin due to its increased oiliness and dryness;
- hair loss and fragility;
- split ends of hair;
- the appearance of dandruff;
- deterioration of the nail plate.
With a lack of tocopherol, these signs most often appear at the moment when a person is no longer able to move. That is why they cannot be taken as a basis when making a diagnosis. If appearance is the first to suffer, they usually talk about a lack of B vitamins.
Diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency
Initially, the specialist assesses the patient’s appearance and examines the medical history. To clarify hypovitaminosis E, studies such as:
- samples from the liver system;
- MRI, examination of the diaphragm through x-ray.
Additional procedures are prescribed in cases where those indicated still do not provide a complete picture of the person’s condition.
Diseases accompanied by a lack of tocopherol
A person may suspect a lack of vitamin E in the presence of such pathologies as:
- disruption of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
- infectious, viral diseases giving complications to the functioning of the intestines;
- helminthiases, giardiasis in neglected form;
- severe poisoning;
- use of a number of antibiotics;
- radiation damage.
It's not a fact that specified diseases can cause the development of hypovitaminosis E. However, they force a person to periodically replenish his body valuable substances, warning this.
How to prevent hypovitaminosis E?
In order not to encounter a deficiency of tocopherol in the body, it is enough to adjust your diet and include products such as:
- vegetable oils of natural origin;
- green peas (fresh, not canned);
- cow liver;
- legumes;
- salo.
Also, several times a year, for preventive purposes, you can take drugs such as:
- "Alpha-Tocopherol acetate";
- "Sanvit E 98%", oil form;
- "Vitamin E-acetate" and others.
Do not forget that any drug must be studied before taking it. It is also important to consult a doctor.
Vitamin E has many functions in the body. The component provides protection against free radicals and takes an active part in metabolic processes. Lack of vitamin E can cause disease of cardio-vascular system, nervous disorders.
Tocopherol deficiency leads to dysfunction reproductive system. When symptoms of deficiency appear, medications containing this biologically active substance are prescribed.
Vitamin E takes an active part in redox processes. maintains a young, healthy appearance of the skin. The role of the component for the functioning of the visual organs is also great.
Ensures normal blood clotting and accelerates wound healing. Being an antioxidant, it protects the body's cells from destruction free radicals. The ability of the vitamin to restore reproductive functions in women and men.
High doses may cause nausea, bloating, and indigestion. Patients show an increase blood pressure. These and other symptoms often occur due to incorrect dosage selection.
Causes of vitamin E deficiency in the body
Primary failure occurs in formula-fed infants upon admission polyunsaturated acids a lot. A deficiency is also possible if there is a deficiency of protein in the daily diet.
Secondary failure develops for other reasons:
- diseases of the pancreas, such as pancreatitis, oncological pathologies;
- liver damage, bile acid deficiency;
- pathologies of the small intestine;
- short bowel syndrome;
- some genetic diseases;
- defect of tocopherol binding protein.
Symptoms of can deficiency for a long time do not appear. Immediately after its appearance, you must visit a doctor.
How is vitamin E deficiency manifested?
Tocopherol reserves are depleted over a long period of time. U healthy people In relatively older age, signs of deficiency may not appear for a long time. A person loses muscle mass.
However, from the results of the conducted laboratory research Other conclusions can be drawn:
- the lifespan of red blood cells is significantly reduced;
- the amount of aging pigment produced in some tissues of the body increases;
- low concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma.
Insufficient tocopherol content in the blood can also be detected in some genetic blood diseases. Signs of acute vitamin E deficiency may be more pronounced. Vitamin deficiency leads to dystrophic changes in muscle tissue. The fibers are subject to decay.
Obvious vitamin E deficiency develops in rare cases. Symptoms of deficiency appear in newborns, particularly premature infants. Women do not become pregnant for a long time, since there are no appropriate conditions for the formation of a full-fledged egg.
Symptoms of tocopherol deficiency:
- impaired coordination of movements;
- decreased visual acuity;
- premature aging of the skin;
- disruption of the digestive system;
- neurological disorders;
- muscle weakness, seizures;
- violation menstrual cycle among women.
If left untreated, they occur serious pathologies, including cancer and heart disease. Often a deficiency of vitamin A and E develops simultaneously.
The use of vitamin E in medical practice
Many pathologies are associated with tocopherol deficiency. Therefore, the component is used in medicine in the treatment of the following diseases:
- neuromuscular disease in childhood, accompanied by disruption of the liver and gallbladder;
- hemolytic anemia;
- intraventricular bleeding;
- dermatological pathologies;
- neutralization of menopause symptoms in women.
There is known data on the use of vitamin E for other purposes:
- treatment of thrombotic diseases;
- prevention of the development of cancer, heart disease and;
- maintaining immunity.
Tocopherol deficiency in men leads to unsuccessful attempts to conceive. In this case, the doctor prescribes the use of vitamin E in the form of capsules or injections. Preparations containing it are used in the treatment of infertility.
If the symptoms are pronounced, then taking special medications is indicated. The dosage is selected depending on the age and condition of the body. The patient is advised to eat enough foods containing tocopherol. Nuts and some grain crops are rich in vitamins. A small amount of found in the liver butter, chicken eggs and milk.
To avoid side effects or excess it is not recommended to start taking synthetic vitamin E without a doctor's prescription. Deficiency is dangerous for pregnant women. An overdose leads to the development of pathologies in the fetus. Tocopherol tends to accumulate in the body. Therefore, the risk of developing hypervitaminosis is high.
To prevent deficiency, it is necessary to eat well and enrich the diet with foods with high content vitamins For the absorption of tocopherol, fats are needed, since the component is part of the group of fat-soluble compounds.
Chronic diseases of the digestive system must be periodically treated, since properly selected therapy improves their functioning and makes it possible to fully absorb nutrients.
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