Russia suffers from excess weight. Rating of countries by obesity: USA in first place, Japan in last Rating of overweight countries

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Obesity is a problem that affects the population of all countries in the world. Both adults and children suffer from it. The number of obese people is growing every year, so experts consider pathology to be a real problem of modern society. What do obesity statistics show in the world?

Adults are most likely to suffer from obesity, especially those over 40 years of age.

Medical statistics say the following:

1. Over the past 35 years, the number of patients suffering from excess weight has doubled, and over the past 10 years - by 75%. Back in 2003, statistics indicated that approximately 1.7 billion adults were obese, and in 2014 this figure increased to 1.9 billion.
2. The death of a patient from complications of excess body weight occurs on average 10 years earlier than that of a healthy person.
3. An increase in incidence is observed in many countries around the world. There are especially many patients in America, Germany, Canada, Mexico, and Russia. By country, obesity ranks highest in the United States.

Analyzing statistics, experts say that by 2025, almost 50% of women and 40% of men in the world will need medical care due to excess body weight.

Global childhood obesity statistics

Minor children are also often obese and the number of cases is growing every year.

Statistics show the following:

1. The incidence rate among children in the 21st century has increased 10 times compared to the last millennium.
2. Among the sick, there are approximately 5 million children under 5 years of age.
3. America also leads in the incidence of obesity among children. In this country, every fifth child suffers from this pathology.

The reason for the increase in excess body weight in minors is most often snacking, addiction to fast food, and prolonged sitting in connection with the presence of a computer.

Obesity problem in the USA

America is the leader in the number of patients suffering from obesity, and has been for a long time. The number of cases is growing every year. Currently, there are over 68 million people in the United States who are obese and nearly as many are overweight. Most of them are women.

Experts attribute the problem of obesity in the United States to the fact that residents of this country are very fond of eating foods rich in calories.

At the same time, they mostly lead a sedentary lifestyle and have sedentary jobs. Many of the patients have a genetic predisposition to gaining excess weight.

The rate of growth of patients in the United States is quite rapid. Experts believe that by 2030 the number of patients will be 80 million.

Obesity in Russia

In Russia, the situation with obesity, fortunately, is much better than in America. But still, an increase in patients is observed every year. According to official statistics, 24.9% of the total population of the Russian state suffers from this pathology.

Doctors believe that the main culprits for weight gain are factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise. Hormonal disorders and genetic predisposition also play a large role in the occurrence of obesity.

In the Russian Federation, both adults and children suffer from obesity. Approximately 12% of minors are overweight, and 5% are directly obese. The reason for this is often non-compliance with diet and sleep disturbances.

Obesity in the population of the CIS countries

CIS countries also face the problem of obesity. Somewhere less, somewhere more, but in every country there are patients with this diagnosis.

The statistics in the following countries are becoming alarming:

1. Tajikistan – 9.2% of patients.
2. Lithuania – 23.7%.
3. Ukraine – 20.1%.
4. Kazakhstan – 23.5%.

Among the CIS countries with obesity, Kazakhstan occupies a leading position.

Why is obesity considered the epidemic of the 21st century?

Doctors are sounding the alarm about these alarming obesity statistics because the disease poses a threat to human life. Excess body weight negatively affects the functioning of internal organs.

Extra pounds negatively affect the state of the circulatory system, increasing blood clotting.

This leads to the formation of blood clots, which can subsequently break off and clog the vascular lumens, which in turn leads to heart attack and stroke.

Also, patients often suffer from liver damage. This is a vital organ, disruption of which negatively affects the condition of the body. With obesity, fatty hepatosis often develops, which can cause death.

In addition to these complications, the development of heart pathologies, sexual dysfunction, infertility, diabetes mellitus and many other diseases is possible.

Thus, the problem of obesity exists in all countries of the world. At the same time, it does not matter at all whether the state is economically successful, whether the living conditions of the population are comfortable, or whether the level of medical care is high.

The development of the disease can be prevented, but people do not want to think about prevention, which results in serious health problems.

A significant decrease in the number of obese patients occurred in six regions. In North Ossetia, the proportion of the population with this diagnosis decreased by 46.6% over the year, now it is less than 4.5 thousand people. In the Stavropol Territory, there were 4.5 thousand (18%) fewer obese patients.

In Moscow, there are 66.3 thousand obese patients, or 0.5% of the population. This figure is lower only in the Primorsky Territory: there obesity is diagnosed in 0.4% of residents.

Childhood obesity

In the Jewish Autonomous Region, more than half of all obese patients are children and adolescents (0 to 17 years old). The share of minors among all obese people in the region in 2017 exceeded 64%. In another 14 regions, children and adolescents made up more than a third of all obese patients, an RBC analysis showed. Among them are North Ossetia, Bashkortostan, Kaluga region, Perm region, Bryansk region, Tuva, Ulyanovsk region, Volgograd region and Crimea.

In two regions - the Altai Republic and the Ulyanovsk region - more than 3% of all children and adolescents were diagnosed with obesity. The proportion of obese children in the Altai Republic increased 3.5 times over the year, in the Ulyanovsk region - twofold, and the majority of patients are children under 14 years of age. According to the Ministry of Health, in the Ulyanovsk region, every 14th teenager aged 15-17 years is obese. In St. Petersburg, every 15th teenager in this age group suffers from obesity. The number of obese patients under the age of 18 has also increased sharply in Kabardino-Balkaria - from 373 in 2016 to 2082 in 2017, this is 1% of children.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Alla Pogozheva believes that the increase in the incidence of obesity among children in Russia is due to the fact that “they are fed by parents who themselves are obese.” According to Pogozheva, it is parents who shape children’s addiction to unhealthy food and overeating.

In order to improve the health of children and adults, prevent non-communicable diseases and conditions caused by a lack of “micronutrients,” the Ministry of Health approved “Recommendations on rational standards for the consumption of food products that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet,” the department’s press service told RBC.

All-Russian problem

The proportion of Russian residents diagnosed with obesity increased by 6% from 2016 to 2017, to 1.3% of the population (1.9 million people). Among children and adolescents under 18 years of age in Russia as a whole, the increase in the number of obese people was 5.3% - at the end of 2017 there were almost 451 thousand people. In just the last five years, the proportion of Russians who are obese has increased by 30%.

The press service of the Ministry of Health reported that in reality the situation could be significantly worse. “There is a study (“Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in various regions of Russia.” — RBC), held on this topic every five years. Thus, as of 2013, the prevalence of obesity among men aged 25 to 64 years was 26.9%, among women aged 25 to 64 years it was 30.8%,” the department said.

The number of Russian men suffering from obesity by 2013 had tripled compared to 2003, in April 2018, Oksana Drapkina, director of the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health, based on data from the same study.

​A year ago, the government approved the project “Formation of a healthy lifestyle” to combat obesity and other factors that reduce the health of the population, the ministry recalled.

One of the main reasons for the increase in the number of Russians diagnosed with obesity is the lack of systematic education in matters of healthy nutrition, Viktor Tutelyan, scientific director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology", chief nutritionist of the Russian Ministry of Health, explained to RBC. “A woman has not yet become pregnant, but she should already know all the basics of healthy nutrition for her unborn child. Eating habits are formed by grandparents, mothers, and fathers. Just a little bit, they give you sweets so that the child doesn’t cry,” he noted.

The problem of obesity in the world

According to the World Health Organization for 2016, about 39% of the world's adult population is overweight (body mass index - BMI - greater than or equal to 25). This is 1.9 billion people, of which over 650 million are obese (body mass index greater than or equal to 30). At the same time, WHO experts note that more people around the world die from the consequences of overweight and obesity than from the consequences of abnormally low body weight.

The island countries of the Pacific Ocean are at the top of the ranking of countries in terms of the share of the population suffering from obesity. Among the main reasons for this state of affairs are the genetic predisposition of the local population, the rejection of local food products in favor of cheaper but less healthy imported products, and a decrease in physical activity.

Of the large countries, the leader (11th in the world) in the number of adults suffering from obesity is the United States (37.3%). Russia ranks 55th in the ranking (25.7%).

According to Tutelyan, healthy eating and physical activity are two factors that can improve the situation with obesity and related diseases: “A person must understand that if he ate two cakes, he needs to walk for two hours or run for an hour to expend energy.”

In reality, the number of obese people is many times higher than it appears from the Ministry of Health data, says Olga Grigoryan, leading researcher at the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology (formerly the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences). “In Russia, every third person is overweight, and every fourth, that is, 20-25%, suffers from obesity. These are statistics from the Nutrition Center. If only 1.3% of all Russians in the country suffered from such a problem, we would be without work,” she told RBC.

According to Grigoryan, the increase in the number of obese people is also due to the fact that patients began to see a doctor more often. “Some people come to their senses earlier and go to the doctors,” she noted. The expert points out that, in general, the diagnosis of “obesity” is made very rarely, both in the regions and in Moscow. “There are already complications from obesity. Hypertension, diabetes, arthrosis - everything that is a consequence,” she concluded.

When is obesity diagnosed?

Doctors distinguish four degrees of obesity. If necessary, you can find out the stage of the disease using body mass index indicators. To calculate BMI, you need to divide your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters. For example, with a weight of 55 kg and a height of 1.65 m, the BMI will be 20.2.

In first degree obesity, the excess of normal body weight is 10-30%. For women this corresponds to a BMI of 28-31, for men - a BMI of 30-32. Second degree obesity is an excess of normal body weight by 30-49% (BMI for women - 31-34.5, for men - 32.3-37.2). The third degree is an excess of normal weight by 50-99%. BMI of women is 35.5-47.3, men - 37.7-49.7. In case of obesity of the fourth degree, the normal weight is exceeded by 100%. In this case, women have a BMI of more than 47, and men have a BMI of more than 49.

About 30% of the population in Russia is already obese, and 60% are overweight. The dynamics of recent decades and global experience indicate that this is far from the limit; the additional burden on the economy can grow even stronger. Moreover, in Russia this problem is too often ignored.

VLADIMIR RUVINSKY

Since the 90s, Russia has noticeably gained weight. In 2015, 24% of Russians over 15 years of age (about 35 million) were obese, compared to 11% in 2002, according to statistics from the WHO and the Global Health Observatory. In general, according to WHO estimates, overweight today is observed in 58% of adult citizens of the Russian Federation (including cases of obesity).

Our statistics are more conservative. As of 2014, 48% of adult citizens were overweight, including 21% who were obese, experts from the National Research University Higher School of Economics calculated based on data from the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population (RMES) in 28 regions of the Russian Federation. RLMS data form the basis for calculations, in particular, by the WHO, but it, explains HSE professor Marina Kolosnitsyna, adjusts them (most likely justifiably) upward. But the trend is the same - Russians are getting fatter.

There are now approximately equal numbers of men and women among overweight people in the country. But women are more prone to obesity (as, indeed, in most Western countries, with the exception of the USA). Men made up only 30% of adults who were obese in 2014 (1.55 million people with this diagnosis, according to the Ministry of Health), Kolosnitsyna points out, citing the RLMS. But among men, obesity is spreading more actively: 11.8% in 1993 against 26.6% by 2013, among women - 26.4% and 30.8%, calculated the Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health.

The picture will be more complete if we take into account information about teenagers. Among young people 12-17 years old, according to research from the Institute of Clinical Endocrinology of the Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2.7 million are overweight (of which 0.5 million are obese). According to Rosstat for 2015, the proportion of people diagnosed with obesity in the age group of 15-17 years was 9% higher than among adults. In general, adolescents have the highest dynamics of excess weight gain from 2002 to 2012, says Doctor of Medical Sciences Antonina Starodubova from the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. In ten years, she said, the incidence of obesity in this group has increased by 171%.

"Children and men today are most susceptible to this disease," said Eduard Gavrilov, director of the independent monitoring fund "Health". Another thing is indicative: losing excess weight, at least for a long time, is difficult. 51% of those who were overweight in 1994 were still overweight by 2010.

Russia, you're getting fat!

Citizens began to gain weight sharply in 2001; in the 90s, according to RLMS data, the number of obese people grew slightly. And from 1994 to 2004, on the way of the Russian Federation from a planned to a market economy, the number of obese people increased by 38%, calculated Sonya Kostova-Huffman and Mariyan Rizov from the University of Iowa (USA) and the University of Lincoln (UK). Based on RLMS data, economists came to the conclusion: in 1994, a Russian weighed an average of 71.9 kg, and ten years later he gained weight to 74.4 kg. The average man gained weight from 74.8 to 76.7 kg, the woman - from 69.9 to 72.7 kg.

All mentioned calculations are based on body mass index (BMI), the simplest and most common indicator. His formula: a person’s weight (in kilograms) must be divided by the square of his height (in meters). A BMI above 25 is overweight, above 30 is obese, and above 40 is morbid obesity, when a person has difficulty breathing or walking, for example.

Russians in the 90s gained weight due to changes in all spheres of life, falling levels of life, rising unemployment and poverty, additional stress and uncertainty, write Kostova-Huffman and Rizov in the article “Determinants of obesity in countries with transition economies: the case of Russia,” published in the journal Economic and Human Biology in 2008.

Russians gained weight in the 90s due to changes in all spheres of life, falling levels of life, rising unemployment and poverty, additional stress and uncertainty

During the transition period, in particular, the diet, an important factor in health, has changed. To see exactly how, the economists took as a basis the basket of monthly consumption in Russia in June 1992 and traced how its composition changed. The basket included fruits and vegetables, potatoes, meat, fish, dairy products, bread, fats, sugar, eggs. Over ten years, consumption of all major food groups has decreased significantly. The exception is potatoes, of which 160% more people began to eat by 2004.

Doctors note that the amount of calories eaten and drunk per day almost did not increase, but meat was replaced, for example, with hamburgers. “In the 90s, there was a change in the type of food: accessible and cheap foods with “empty calories” appeared, which contain a lot of easily digestible carbohydrates, fats, and salt,” explains Antonina Starodubova. For citizens, she emphasizes, the paradigm of nutrition and family food traditions have changed. “In the 90s, adults began to work more, stay late, eat dry food or semi-finished products,” says the expert. “Parental control over children’s nutrition has weakened, and the availability of unhealthy food for schoolchildren has increased.” Teenagers have developed the habit of quenching their thirst with sweet carbonated drinks and juices - this, according to Starodubova, along with physical inactivity, is one of the most important factors in adolescent obesity in the last 15-20 years.

The fact that the number of obese teenagers and obese children sharply increased in the early 2000s is a delayed effect of other practices. In the 90s, mothers forced to work began to switch their infants to artificial formula. “But breastfeeding is the best prevention of obesity and associated diseases,” says Antonina Starodubova. “And the use of artificial formula increases the risk of obesity in children.” Now every tenth mother, as a 2013 VTsIOM survey showed, includes infant formula in her child’s diet in the second year of his life.

Not trendy fat country

In the 90s, weight was gained mainly due to an unbalanced diet and snacks. In the zeros, a lack of physical activity was added to this. “The risk group is primarily those who lead a sedentary lifestyle,” says surgeon Yuri Yashkov, a member of the board of the International Federation for Obesity Surgery.

Law enforcement officers with paunches are also a common occurrence, although they need to pass physical training standards. “The police officers working in the fields in Moscow have four problems: terrible lack of sleep, stress and alcohol, smoking, then overweight and obesity. They work as long as their health allows,” says a source in the capital’s department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (the original arithmetic has been preserved). Someone who does not meet the standards is fired, but it happens that they still draw a test score so as not to spoil the statistics.

Firefighters are also overweight. The proportion of firefighters with “excess body fat” in Moscow is 60%, with obesity (BMI over 30) – 22%, writes a group of authors led by Konstantin Gurevich in the article “The prevalence of obesity and the accuracy of determining BMI in Russian firefighters,” published on September 30 in the Oxford Journal of Occupational Medicine. Waist circumference was also measured: an indicator of 102 cm, indicating obesity in the abdominal area, when testosterone levels are low and atherosclerosis is likely, exceeded 28% of Moscow firefighters.

The ranking of professions with a high risk of overweight and obesity includes a manager, lawyer, doctor, accountant and business employee, that is, almost all office employees, says Dmitry Piskunov, head of the department for interaction with partners and medical examination of AlfaStrakhovanie-OMS. Many representatives of these professions eat unhealthy foods, he notes, but do not smoke and exercise.

By 2025, if the global trend does not change, the problem group of obese people will already include 18% of men and 21% of women

"Approximately 75% of cooks are overweight," continues Piskunov. "Firefighters and police officers also suffer from obesity, in addition, they have high levels of cholesterol in the body." Overweight and obesity also affects people with sleep disorders, such as emergency workers. "The risk group also includes leaders of different levels and representatives of professions that limit the possibility of systematic nutrition, the same doctors," says Alexander Izak, executive director of the Euromed clinic.

Excess weight in men is associated with salary. But, unlike the United States, Marina Kolosnitsyna notes, in the Russian Federation this connection is direct: the more weight, the higher the salary. “That is, the labor market does not (at least not yet) punish overweight workers,” the professor argues. “On the contrary, we can assume that this relationship now works in the opposite direction: higher earnings lead to weight gain.”

Excess weight in men is associated with salary. But unlike the USA, notes HSE professor Marina Kolosnitsyna, in the Russian Federation this connection is direct: the more weight, the higher the salary

There is also a connection between obesity and education. “Just as in the case of wages, for men, as they move to each next level of education, the proportion of those who are overweight increases,” says Kolosnitsyna. “And for women, on the contrary, the proportion of those who are obese decreases, but only in the group those with higher and postgraduate education, for other groups (incomplete secondary, secondary, secondary vocational) no dependencies can be traced."

A separate story is private companies in competitive markets, where the fashion for a healthy lifestyle is widespread among employees. “Fat people are not in trend,” notes Aramis Karimov, CEO of Mr. Hunt. “Many business owners and top executives lead an active lifestyle, go in for sports, jogging, triathlons. Excess weight can serve as a reason for refusal when hiring.”

They discriminate against overweight companies that have certain requirements for the appearance of their personnel, says Georgy Samoylovich, head of the recruitment group at Unity. For example, representatives of the restaurant, modeling business, and service industries. Some believe, says Samoylovich, that fat candidates have "worse business and personal competencies" since they cannot "put themselves in order."

No indicator - no problem

Overweight and obesity, according to WHO, already affect 30% of the world's population; the problem has long been called a non-infectious epidemic and the new smoking. There is something to worry about: since 1975, the number of obese adults has increased sixfold and exceeded 640 million in 2014, according to a study with the participation of WHO, published in April 2016 by the Lancet journal. And the number of overweight people exceeded the number of underweight people.

The world is beginning to be divided into fat and thin, and normal weight is becoming a rarity. Now every tenth man and every seventh woman in the world is obese. And by 2025, if the trend does not change, this problem group will already include 18% of men and 21% of women. In general, according to WHO, there are now more than 2 billion overweight people. If we take high-income countries, the Japanese have the lowest BMI, the Americans have the highest.

In Europe, the thinnest women are in Sweden, the thinnest men are in Bosnia.

The United States has a national program to combat obesity. However, so far it’s not helping much - a third of Americans are still obese. And 27% of Americans aged 17-24 years, according to the report “Too Fat to Fight” (Too Fat to Fight), are considered unfit for military service for precisely this reason. A third of Mexicans are also obese, which is associated with an addiction to sweet soda and American fast food. Many also sit idle, which means without movement.

The Russian Federation has not yet begun to combat obesity. Statistics from Rosstat and the Ministry of Health are far from reality, experts say, not all cases are officially recorded as a diagnosis. “Moreover, the Ministry of Health excluded from the state program “Health Development until 2020” such indicators as the prevalence of obesity among the adult population (when BMI exceeds 30) and medical examination coverage among adolescents,” says Eduard Gavrilov. And since there are no indicators, there is no need to improve them, that is, to treat people.

People with severe forms of obesity are also left behind by medicine. In developed countries, notes Yuri Yashkov, 6-8% of the population suffers from morbid obesity (with a BMI greater than 40), in the Russian Federation - 2-4% of the adult population (about 3 million people). And according to WHO, the second and third stages of obesity (BMI above 35 and 40) are present in 21 million citizens of the Russian Federation. But compulsory health insurance policies (and mass voluntary health insurance) do not include surgical treatment - bariatric surgery, when patients have their stomach volume reduced. Everything here is at your own expense, notes Alexander Izak. Such operations themselves, if indicated, are highly effective, says Eduard Gavrilov.

In the US, bariatric surgery, half (or sometimes all) covered by insurance, pays for itself in about four years; it is more cost-effective to carry out than to treat the consequences of obesity. According to Yuri Yashkov, about 10-15% of Russian citizens are potential candidates for such operations. According to the Ethicon medical division of Johnson & Johnson, more than 3 thousand bariatric surgeries are performed in Russia per year. More than half is a longitudinal gastrectomy at a cost of 140-250 thousand rubles. “Many specialized patients are already disabled people who cannot pay for their treatment,” notes Yuri Yashkov. It is worth mentioning here that the deputies left themselves and civil servants quotas for expensive compulsory medical insurance procedures.

Economic consequences

Russia ranks third in the world in terms of the economic damage caused by obesity, second only to Mexico and the United States, the consulting company Maplecroft calculated in 2013. Obesity costs the United States $153 billion a year, about 1% of GDP.

In Russia in 2006, economic losses from underproduction due to excess weight among the population amounted to the same 1% of GDP, found Marina Kolosnitsyna and Arina Berdnikova, authors of the article “Excess weight: how much does it cost and what to do about it?”, published in 2009 year in the journal "Applied Econometrics". Now these losses are higher, as the proportion of obese people is growing.

Now every tenth man and every seventh woman in the world is obese. And by 2025, if the trend does not change, this problem will affect 18% of men and 21% of women

If we take into account the costs of treating diseases caused by excessive obesity, the amount of damage will increase many times over. Based on RLMS data, Marina Kolosnitsyna calculated that overweight women spent 942 rubles on medical care and medicine in 2014. per month, men - 564 rubles. Obese women already spent 1,291 rubles—twice as much as men with the same diagnosis. Overall, the costs of medical care and medications for those who are obese are almost twice as high as for people of normal weight. According to Professor Kolosnitsyna, the same proportions apply to core government spending.

Overweight women spent 942 rubles on medical care and medications in 2014. per month, men - 564 rubles. Obese women have already spent 1,291 rubles. - twice as many men with the same diagnosis

The WEF estimates that the global economic cost of noncommunicable diseases, many of which are linked to obesity, will reach $47 trillion by 2030. The cost of combating it is 0.7-2.8% of the total health budget of countries around the world, calculated Withrow and Alter in the article “The Economic Burden of Obesity Worldwide: A Systematic Review of the Direct Costs of Obesity,” published in 2010 by the journal Obesity Reviews.

The WEF estimates that the global economic cost of noncommunicable diseases, many of which are linked to obesity, will reach $47 trillion by 2030.

In the Russian Federation, obesity is associated with approximately 44% of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more than 20% of cases of coronary heart disease and from 7% to 40% of cases of certain types of cancer. “Infertility, by the way, is also often caused by overweight or obesity,” notes Eduard Gavrilov.

The costs of treating three diseases in obese people, acute circulatory disorders, acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes, amounted to 369 billion rubles, or 70% of budget costs, according to an article in the Almanac of Clinical Medicine for February 2015

In the VHI system, the costs of treating the consequences of obesity were calculated by the AlfaStrakhovanie company. Payments from insurers to hospitals and clinics for the treatment of diseases caused by excess weight reach 21.6-22.1 billion rubles, which is 15-20% of all insurance industry costs for voluntary health insurance for the year. A survey of more than 150 endocrinologists and cardiologists from Moscow and the regions showed that every fifth Russian of working age seeks medical care due to diseases caused by excess weight. Moreover, in 61% of them the problem of excess weight turns into chronic obesity.

Incredible facts

According to the data World Health Organization(WHO) Approximately 1.5 billion people are overweight every year, and by 2015 this number will increase to 2.3 billion.

Obesity and overweight are major risk factors for chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

1. American Samoa – 93.5%

The dramatic rise in obesity in Samoa and other South Pacific nations is largely attributed to massive imports of cheap, processed foods from the US, instead of lighter traditional foods such as bananas, coconuts, yams, taro root and fish.

According to Center for Behavioral Medicine and Sports Psychology, since 1964, imports of high-fat foreign foods have increased by more than 700 percent. The rise in obesity has caused a health crisis with more strokes, diabetes and heart disease.

2. Kiribati, 81.5%

Just as happened to their neighbors in the South Pacific, the islands of Kiribati have become flooded with processed, high-fat foods that are significantly cheaper than local products. At the same time, there is a scarcity of fruits and vegetables in the country.

3. USA, 66.7%

The country where fast food was practically invented is the nation with the highest rate of obesity among the developed nations in the world. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention With 72.5 million obese adults in the US in 2007-2008, obesity-related diseases accounted for 27 percent of the increase in medical costs.

Americans suffer from a high number of diseases such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer and premature death. In the US, obesity is closely linked to poverty, where poor people and ethnic minorities suffer the highest levels of obesity.

4. Germany, 66.5%

Germany may be among the richest and most powerful countries in Europe, but people's love of beer and fatty foods, as well as lack of physical activity, have led to high levels of obesity.

In this regard, things have gone so badly in Germany that a study conducted in the country found that in some areas, including security and emergency care, there is a severe shortage of labor, as not enough people are in shape to do their jobs. German newspaper Bild estimates that the annual cost of treating obesity-related diseases is about 21.7 billion.

5. Egypt, 66%

Not many overweight Egyptians appear to have participated in the political protests, but the country has a terrible problem with obesity, especially among women, as a result of the taboo placed on women's physical activity.

Egyptian culture revolves around food, lots of it, and much of it includes starchy and fatty foods, especially for the poor. But obesity does not discriminate between classes. The underprivileged class eats a lot of carbohydrates, including bread, pasta and rice, while the privileged class consumes too much meat, sweets and junk food.

6. Bosnia-Herzegovina, 62.9%

One theory claims that unhealthy foods, especially those high in fat, sugar and additives, are becoming more common during and after the wars that hit the Balkan countries in the early 1990s. This problem is particularly acute among children, not only in Bosnia, but also in other countries in this region of Europe.

7. New Zealand, 62.7%

While the problem has disproportionately affected the indigenous Maori people, who, like other Pacific Island peoples, have chosen Western fast food over local traditional eating habits, obesity is beginning to spread among white New Zealanders.

In 2006, the government launched a campaign to reduce obesity rates among children by cutting the amount of fatty foods and sugary drinks in school cafeterias and limiting advertising of unhealthy foods on TV.

8. Israel, 61.9%

Although Israel is considered part of a Mediterranean culture that values ​​light salads and olive oil, obesity rates here have tripled over the past three decades.

Like much of the Western world, Israelis are increasingly consuming fast food and leading sedentary lifestyles. Traditional fresh food stores have been replaced by huge supermarkets selling processed foods, and vending machines with unhealthy snacks are now in almost every school. In a country that puts safety first, obesity can have a devastating effect.

9. Croatia, 61.4%

Just as in Bosnia, cheaper processed foods have become the norm in Croatia, replacing traditional healthy foods. Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death among Croats. Given that the average Croatian eats about 2,700 calories a day, 700 calories more than the recommended amount, last year the Ministry of Health decided to label healthy foods in stores and eliminate unhealthy food from vending machines by 2012.

10. UK, 61%

Obesity in the UK follows much the same pattern as in America: sedentary lifestyles and dependence on processed foods. According to the latest study published in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, more people in the UK die from obesity than anywhere else in Europe. One in 11 deaths in the UK is attributable to obesity, 50 percent more than in France.