Premature aging of progeria. Who is at risk of premature aging and how to avoid it. Reasons for the development of progeria

According to recent studies, the average life expectancy of a modern person should be 100 years. At the same time, only a few live to reach this figure.

Everyone gets old, and it’s impossible to argue with that. However, the speed of this process is different for everyone - some are still youthful and vigorous at 85, others begin to literally fall apart at 40. Yes, it is worth considering that there are a number of diseases that accumulate with age, but, in general, optimism and cheerfulness can significantly prolong life and improve its quality. What is premature aging and how to prevent it.

Today, scientists usually talk about two types of aging: natural (physiological) and premature. In the first case, we mean the gradual decline of the functions of certain organs as a result of their wear and tear. But many are more interested in the second option. After all, it, starting at the wrong time and having nothing to do with natural processes, literally kills a person from the inside.

Premature aging is understood as a condition when a person, for example, over 50 years old, does not seem to be sick with anything in particular, but at the same time feels uncomfortable and restless. Premature aging leads to a decrease in a person’s quality of life, a more active and massive development of diseases of “old age” and, of course, becomes the cause of early death.

Doctors even identify a number of reasons for this problem:

• Impact free radicals on the body.
• Autoimmune processes when protective forces the body begins to work against it.
• Dysfunction of the regulatory function of the human brain.
• In addition, one of the most common causes of premature aging called autointoxication, which develops as a result sedentary lifestyle life, unhealthy and unbalanced diet, constant stress. Among the diseases that provoke early old age are cardiovascular pathologies, tuberculosis, ulcers, diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency, mental illness, chronic fatigue syndrome.

Gerontologists studying this question, are based on the peculiarities of the flow of biological processes in the body. Based on the results of such studies, it becomes clear that all processes occurring in the body of women proceed slowly, so women live 6–8 years longer. Men suffer from the fact that organic changes in their tissues are more active.

Women's vitality is often explained by their reproductive function - women produce the hormone estrogen, which has an anti-sclerotic effect. Also female body more durable, because it is designed for serious loads during pregnancy and childbirth.

Signs of age

Many people are accustomed to assigning age to a person based on changes in appearance. So, for example, if there are wrinkles, gray hair appears, the person is immediately given an age over 40–50 years. And this is despite the fact that the functioning of internal organs can be at its best and uninterrupted.

But there are often situations when a person looks excellent outwardly - fit, young, but his internal changes are almost irreversible, and his organs are in poor condition. In this case, doctors will say that it biological age higher than calendar. You can determine a person’s biological age in order to stop the process of premature aging with the help of a gerontologist by conducting a thorough examination. This will allow us to assess the extent of the “internal damage” and help draw up recovery programs.

How to slow down the process

Today a person has great amount opportunities to slow down your aging - high-tech operations and medications, laser surgery, plastic interventions, implants, liposuction, etc. Additionally, today's popular areas of a healthy lifestyle, ecological nutrition, etc. allow you to correct the aging process.

Preventing premature aging should be done from a young age. Refusal bad habits, physical activity, maintenance normal weight- the methods are quite simple, but at the same time extremely effective. Also very important positive attitude- the mind and body are inextricably linked, as they say, “a healthy mind in a healthy body.”

For active anti-aging It is worth consuming more fruits, vegetables and other foods that are rich in antioxidants. It could be blueberries walnuts, beans, red apples, etc. This diet allows you to “repair” damaged cells in the body. In addition, antioxidants help prevent cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

The body's defenses should also be supported.. Vitamins are perfect for this: vitamin A is found in carrots, zucchini, broccoli, potatoes, cabbage, peaches; vitamin C - in oranges, lemons, etc.; vitamin E - in nuts, seeds, cereals, liver and vegetable oil.

To strengthen the body and spirit, it is recommended to engage in various physical exercises for at least half an hour a day. This will allow you to maintain a normal weight, burning excess fat, and will also be an excellent prevention against fractures, injuries and sprains. Such tissues and ligaments can withstand any stress. In addition, physical exercise helps lower blood sugar levels, strengthens the heart and blood vessels, increases endurance and improves memory.

An excellent solution for prolonging youth would be breathing exercises. The ability to breathe deeply and correctly helps to normalize the functioning of the central nervous system, relieve stress, in addition, provides the body with an influx of oxygen, normalizes blood circulation and increases the level of vital energy.

Surely, each of you dreams of permanent beauty and youth. But, unfortunately, this is impossible. The aging process is inevitable in our lives. If you want to know, we begin to age almost from the very first days of our lives. Only this process is usually called growth and maturation. Each of us is afraid old age, so he tries not to think about her.
But what should people do who have begun to age prematurely?
Yes, yes, exactly ahead of time. This process is called premature aging of the body.
What is premature aging of the body? What are the reasons for its occurrence? Is it possible to stop him?
The answers to these questions are of interest to a huge number of people. The website) will tell you about it.

Causes of premature aging of the body

There are many reasons for premature aging. Among them are autointoxication, exposure to free radicals, autoimmune processes, as well as violations of the regulatory function of the brain. The first cause of premature aging occurs as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, and also because of the constant stress to which modern man.

Most likely, many of you have come to the conclusion that almost anything can lead to premature aging. That is why modern scientists and specialists in this field are trying to do everything to find necessary funds for the prevention of premature aging.

How to protect yourself from premature aging of the body?

Unfortunately, not all of us can follow these rules. Most often we try to help ourselves with the help of modern cosmetics, on the labels of which you can read information that they rejuvenate the skin. However, not everything is as simple and easy as it might seem at first glance. The problem is within us. Until we begin to rejuvenate the body, everything will follow the “trodden path”. Rejuvenation of the body from the inside is carried out through proper nutrition and the use of nutritional supplements. In the fight against premature aging, it is very important that a person wants to look not just good, but excellent.

To prevent premature aging of the body, you need to ensure bowel regularity and reduce to a minimum putrefactive processes in the large intestine, bind and remove toxins from the body. Biologically they will help you with all this. active additives Tianshi Corporation. We hasten to bring to your attention that today there is special program treatment of premature aging using dietary supplements from this corporation.

The first stage is based on the use of such dietary supplements as

Progeria is a premature aging syndrome manifested by characteristic changes in the skin and internal organs. This is a rare genetic abnormality detected 1 person in 4 million. There are no more than eighty observed cases of this disease in the world. The etiopathogenetic factors of progeria have not been fully studied.

There are two morphological forms pathologies:

• Childhood progeria – Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome,
• Adult progeria - Werner's syndrome.

The term “progeria” translated from ancient Greek means “early aging.” The unnatural depletion of all life support systems is due to a genetic failure. At the same time, the aging process accelerates tenfold.

For Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome Children with delayed physical development show signs of aging: baldness, wrinkles, a specific appearance. Their body changes greatly: the structure of the skin is disrupted, there are no secondary sexual characteristics, they lag behind in development internal organs. Then age-related ailments quickly develop: hearing loss, arthrosis-arthritis, atherosclerosis, stroke or heart attack, bone demineralization. An eight-year-old child with this disease looks and feels 80 years old. In mental development, sick children remain absolutely adequate. Their intellectual development doesn't suffer. They rarely live past 13 years of age. Boys suffer from progeria somewhat more often than girls.

example of the development of a child with childhood progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome) from 1 year to 12 years

Werner syndrome usually begins to manifest clinically in young people aged 16-20 years. Progeria of adults - accelerated aging with damage to all systems and high risk cancer development various localizations. The genomic instability that drives the normal aging process leads to a variety of pathological changes. Such patients die by the age of 30-40, having all the symptoms of extreme old age.

patient with adult progeria(Werner syndrome) - before the onset of the disease at 15 years of age and with a developed form at 48 years of age

Progeria is an incurable disease that “takes away” childhood from sick children and “turns” them into real old people. Regular and adequate health care allows you to slow down the irreversible aging process and reduce the severity clinical symptoms. For this purpose they use medications, nutritional supplements, surgical and physiotherapeutic techniques.

Etiology

The main cause of progeria is solitary genetic mutation, the formation mechanism of which currently remains unknown. Some scientists believe that the real reason mutations lie in the heredity of the parents, others - in the impact of radiation on the embryo during X-rays of a pregnant woman.

In Werner syndrome, the process of reproduction of DNA molecules is disrupted, and in Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, the biosynthesis of the protein that determines the shape of cell nuclei is disrupted. Genetic disorders make cells unstable, which leads to the launch of unexpected aging mechanisms. A large number of protein accumulates in cells that stop dividing. In this case, the shell of the nucleus becomes unstable, and the cells of the body become unusable and die prematurely. The mutation results in the production of a truncated progerin protein, which is unstable and rapidly degrades within the cell. Unlike the whole protein, it does not integrate into the nuclear lamina, which is located under the nuclear membrane and is involved in chromatin organization. The nuclear substrate is destroyed, resulting in serious problems. Progerin accumulates in smooth muscle cells vascular wall. Degeneration of these cells is one of the leading manifestations of the disease.

Progeria in adults is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In children, the mutation is not inherited, but occurs directly in the patient’s body. This is not surprising, since carriers die before reproductive age.

Non-genetic factors influencing the development of the disease:

1. Lifestyle,
2. accompanying illnesses,
3. climate,
4. nutrition,
5. state of the environment,
6. excess sun exposure,
7. smoking,
8. hypovitaminosis,
9. psycho-emotional factors.

Symptoms

In children (Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome)

At birth, a sick child appears to be a normal baby. Clinical signs of progeria appear already in the first year of life. Some children develop correctly up to 2-3 years of age, and then begin to lag behind their peers in terms of height and weight. Children with progeria have a specific appearance, since the signs of the disease are characteristic and unique. All patients are strikingly similar to each other.

typical children with Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome from different families)

A 4-year-old boy with a less typical form of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome

• Sick children have a disproportionate skull with a large brain part and a small facial part. Their nose resembles the beak of a bird: it is thin and pointed. Lower jaw poorly developed, small chin, thin lips, protruding ears, unnaturally large eyes. The teeth grow in two rows, they are deflated and begin to fall out early. It is this set of specific features that makes sick children look like old people.
• Skeletal abnormalities are the main symptom of the pathology. Sick children are characterized by short stature, underdeveloped collarbones and hips. The bones of patients are very fragile, they often break, and joint mobility is limited. Hip dislocations are common. The manifestation of the disease is dwarfism. Skeletal and nail defects are observed. The nails are yellow and convex, resembling “watch glasses.” Sick children begin to sit and walk late, their posture changes. Some are unable to walk without assistance.
• Skin and subcutaneous fat become thin. Early aging in patients manifests itself in different ways: skin covering becomes covered with wrinkles, its turgor decreases, the eyelids swell, the corners of the mouth droop. Dry and wrinkled skin is especially noticeable on the face and limbs. The hair on the head falls out, becomes sparse and vellus, and there are no eyelashes or eyebrows. Visible through the thin skin on the head venous network. Due to the lack of subcutaneous fat, the child looks like a skeleton covered with skin. Dry and wrinkled skin atrophies in places, large areas of hyperpigmentation, thickening and keratinization appear on it.
• Other symptoms: infantilism, shrill voice, muscle wasting, short arms, narrow and protruding chest.

In adults (Werner syndrome)

The first clinical signs of Werner syndrome appear by the age of 14-18 years. Until puberty, patients develop normally. Then they start falling behind physical development from their peers, they go bald and gray. Their skin becomes thinner, wrinkles and becomes unhealthy pale. The arms and legs look very thin due to atrophy of subcutaneous fat and muscles.

37-year-old man with Werner syndrome

After 30 years, the following pathological processes develop in the body of patients:

1. cataracts in both eyes,
2. hoarseness of voice,
3. calluses on the feet,
4. ulcerative-necrotic processes in the skin,
5. dysfunction of the sweat and sebaceous glands,
6. heart dysfunction,
7. osteoporosis, metastatic soft tissue calcification, osteomyelitis,
8. erosive osteoarthritis,
9. “scleroderma mask” on the face,
10. short stature, dense and short body, thin and dry limbs,
11. decreased intelligence,
12. nail deformation,
13. emergence of large age spots on the skin
14. hump on the back
15. exophthalmos due to thyroid dysfunction,
16. moon-shaped face due to pituitary dysfunction,
17. testicular atrophy in men, disorder menstrual cycle in women, early menopause.

The skin epidermis is flattened, connective tissue fibers are sclerosed, subcutaneous tissue atrophies and is partially replaced by connective tissue. Limitation passive movements in the joints of the arms and legs is manifested by the inability to fully flex and extend the limb. This is due to cicatricial tightening of the tendons and pain.

By the age of 40, patients develop senile ailments: heart problems, diabetes mellitus, frequent fractures hands and feet, joint pain, benign and malignant skin tumors, dysfunction parathyroid glands. Cancer, heart attack and stroke, internal hemorrhages are the main causes fatal outcome with progeria.

Symptoms of pathology only resemble the process of normal aging. Signs of aging in progeria are varying degrees expressions or appear in a different order. With natural aging, nail growth slows down, and with progeria, it stops completely. In older people, eyebrows become thinner after hair loss on the head, and in patients with progeria, the opposite is true.

Diagnostics

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome

Werner's syndrome

Diagnosis of progeria does not require specific techniques and studies. The external signs of the disease are so eloquent that the diagnosis is made based only on symptoms and data visual inspection. Specialists study personal and family history.

Additional studies are indicated to identify concomitant diseases. Patients are prescribed a general blood test, biochemical research, radiography of the osteoarticular apparatus, histological examination skin, medical and genetic counseling.

Treatment

Currently, there is no panacea for progeria. All treatments that have ever been used have proven ineffective. Doctors with help modern methods trying to stop the disease and prevent it from getting worse. Patients are jointly treated by specialists in the field of endocrinology, therapy, and cardiology.

To alleviate the condition of patients, doctors prescribe:

• "Aspirin" for the prevention of acute cardiac and vascular insufficiency– heart attack and stroke.
• Statins for lowering blood cholesterol levels and preventing atherosclerosis - “Lipostat”, “Choletar”, “Liptonorm”.
• Anticoagulants to prevent or slow down the process of thrombosis - “Warfarex”, “Sincumarin”.
• Preparations containing growth hormone - “Getropin”, “Neotropin”, “Dinatrope”. They allow you to correct delays in physical development.
• Preparations that heal wounds and stimulate blood circulation during the formation of ulcers - “Mefanat”, “Bepanten”.
• Hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes mellitus - “Diabeton”, “Maninil”, “Gliformin”.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out to influence stiff and stiff joints. Patients are prescribed electrophoresis, reflexology, exercise therapy, infrared rays, water procedures, mud therapy, UHF therapy, magnetic therapy. It is indicated for patients with progeria proper nutrition, enriched with vitamins and microelements, moderate physical activity, long walks in the fresh air, good rest.

Infants are fed through a tube with special milk formulas containing additives for weight gain. Baby teeth are removed to free up space permanent teeth, which quickly erupt in sick children. Specialists monitor the state of the cardiovascular system, which allows early detection of emerging ailments. Surgery also indicated for patients with syndrome early aging. With the help of angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting, the patency of blood vessels is restored.

Progeria is an incurable pathology whose development cannot be stopped. Experimental treatment of adults using stem cells and farnesyltransferase inhibitors makes it possible to restore subcutaneous fat, overall weight, and reduce bone fragility. The prognosis of the disease is always unfavorable. Patients die from acute coronary insufficiency or oncopathology. Prevention of progeria is impossible due to the fact that the disease is genetic character. Lifelong therapy can only make it easier and prolong the life of patients. Continuing care, cardiac care and physical therapy are the main directions in the treatment of the disease.

Video: examples of people with premature aging syndrome

Video: TV show about people with progeria

“Looking at this flabby face, sunken eyes and flabby skin, one would hardly think that this is a child. However, this is so.” Many people know the story of 5-year-old Bayezid Hossain, who lives in southern Bangladesh. The boy suffers from a rare genetic disease - progeria, in which the body and the body age eight times faster than usual. It all starts with muscle atrophy, degenerative processes in teeth, hair and nails, changes in the osteoarticular apparatus, and this process ends with atherosclerosis, stroke and malignant tumors. As we see, progeria has not at all encouraging symptoms, which develop into deadly diseases. Therefore, such patients always face a fatal outcome. But is it possible to alleviate their suffering and even prolong their life? Or perhaps scientists are already one step away from creating a cure for this disorder? We'll tell you in today's article.

Hutchinson's syndrome in a child, Wikimedia

Infantile progeria, or Hutchinson (Hutchinson)-Guilford syndrome

For the first time, a disease in which the body ages prematurely was identified and described in 1889 by J. Hutchinson and independently in 1897 by H. Guilford. The syndrome, which manifests itself in childhood.

Despite the fact that progeria is a rather rare disease (only one in 7 million newborns is diagnosed with it), over the entire history of observations of this disease, more than 150 cases have already been recorded in the world. At birth, children look absolutely healthy; the first signs of accelerated aging begin to appear in babies aged 10-24 months.

The cause of the disease is a mutation of the LMNA gene, it produces the protein prelamin A, which forms a unique protein network - the internal framework nuclear envelope. The result is that cells lose the ability to divide normally.

While studying patients, geneticists also discovered disturbances in DNA repair (restorative function), cloning fibroblasts (basic cells connective tissue) and disappearance subcutaneous tissue.

As a rule, progeria is not hereditary disease, and cases of its development are rare, but there are exceptions. In several families, such a mutation has been registered in sibling children - descendants of closely related parents. And this indicates the possibility of an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, which manifests itself in people in adulthood. By the way, this happens to one in 200,000 people.

Progeria in adults, or Werner's syndrome

Back in 1904, the German doctor Otto Werner noticed dramatic changes in appearance and condition in people 14-18 years old. He discovered the syndrome, which is associated with sudden weight loss, stunted growth, the appearance of gray hair and gradual baldness.

All these transformations of a teenager into an old man are associated with a defect in the WRN gene (ATP-dependent helicase gene). The role of the WRN protein it produces is to maintain genomic stability and maintain the structure and integrity of human DNA. Over time, the mutation disrupts gene expression, DNA loses the ability to be restored, which is the cause of premature aging.

Unlike young patients who do not lag behind, and in some cases even surpass their peers in mental development, in adults the opposite effect is observed, because progeria begins to have a detrimental effect on their intellectual abilities.

About 10% of patients by the age of forty are faced with such terrible diseases as sarcoma, breast cancer, astrocytoma, and melanoma. Oncology develops against the background diabetes mellitus and dysfunction of the parathyroid glands. Therefore, the average life expectancy of people with Werner syndrome is 30-40 years.

The world's first treatment for progeria. American scientists tested a unique drug

On this moment progeria is considered incurable disease. The lives of people with Hutchinson (Hutchinson)-Gilford syndrome are cut short at the age of 7-13 years, but there are isolated cases when patients lived to be 20 or even 27 years old. And all this thanks to some kind of treatment.

However, specialists from the Progeria Research Foundation (PRF) and Boston Children's Hospital were not satisfied with such statistics. In 2012, they began the world's first clinical trials of a drug that could help rapidly aging children. And, as reported by EurekAlert! , they succeeded in this matter.

The study of patients with progeria lasted for 2.5 years. Scientists invited 28 children from 16 different countries to participate, 75% of whom were diagnosed with the disease. The children came to Boston every four months and underwent full medical examination.

Throughout the entire period, subjects were given twice a day special drug farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), which was originally developed to treat cancer. The research team assessed weight dynamics, arterial stiffness (a parameter for the risk of heart attack and stroke), and bone stiffness and density (a parameter for the risk of osteoporosis).

As a result, each child felt significantly better. The children began to gain weight, there were improvements in bone structure, and most importantly, in cardiovascular system.

According to doctors, the results of this study are very encouraging. In the future, it is planned to continue studying FTI drugs and their effect, which will give Additional information O cardiovascular diseases And normal process aging.

“The results of this trial are encouraging for our family. We are excited and hopeful about Megan's future. We are grateful to the Progeria Research Foundation and all the doctors for their commitment to helping my daughter and all children with progeria,” said Sandy Nighbor, mother of 12-year-old Megan, who participated in clinical trials.

Progeria in culture and life

Believe me, it's never too late, or in my case, never too early to be who you want to be. There is no time frame - start whenever you want. You can change or remain the same - there are no rules for this. We can make better or worse choices, I hope you make the best.

This monologue is taken from David Fincher's film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, which is based on the story of the same name by Francis Scott Fitzgerald.

From birth, the hero of this famous story was an outcast, because... from infancy he had the appearance and health of an 80-year-old man: he had wrinkles all over his body and atrophied legs. However time is running, and Benjamin, on the contrary, does not age, but becomes younger. Many different vicissitudes happen to a man, and, of course, love happens in his life.

IN real life There are no such miracles, and people with progeria never grow young. But, despite their illness, such people never cease to be happy. In particular, Leon Botha, a South African artist, musician and DJ, is known to the world not only for his creative activities, but also for the fact that he was able to live with a terrible disease for up to 26 years.

Leon was diagnosed with progeria at the age of 4, but the disease did not ruin his life. This man loved to enjoy every minute, although he realized that his imminent death was inevitable. For example, in January 2007, a man organized his first personal art exhibition in Durbanville, the theme of which was hip-hop culture as a way of life. Let us note that the “young” man had several such shows.

Botha was also involved in DJing and turntablism (a type of DJing) and performed in famous clubs under the pseudonym DJ Solarize. In addition, he collaborated with the South African group Die Antwoord and starred in their video for the song Enter the Ninja.

But, unfortunately, progeria spares no one. Therefore, on June 5, 2011, Botha died of an embolism pulmonary artery – pathological condition when part of a blood clot (embolus) that breaks away from its primary site of formation (often a leg or arm) moves along blood vessels and clogs the lumen of the pulmonary artery.

Today, scientists all over the world are studying this mysterious disease. They want to move it from the list of fatal to the list of intractable. It is worth noting that science has already achieved enormous results in this direction. However, many questions remain that need to be understood, namely: what are the similarities and differences between special cases of progeria and normal aging of the body, how the genetic causes of Werner and Hutchinson (Hutchinson)-Gilford syndrome are related to each other, and how to resist accelerated aging of the body. Perhaps, after some time, answers will be found, and specialists will be able to prevent the development of the disease, thereby prolonging the lives of people with progeria.

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Aging is natural sign development to which all living organisms are subject. This phenomenon occurs due to the exhaustion of internal biological resources. This process can develop in accordance with natural timing, or it can occur prematurely. What causes early aging, how to prevent it, how to eliminate its consequences are questions of interest to both scientists and ordinary people.

The root cause of early aging is metabolic failure of the endocrine and other systems.

For example, a lack of estrogen hormones in a woman leads to rapid aging of the skin and the whole body. Besides, important reasons, prematurely causing this process are bad habits and the wrong way of life.

1. Formed eating habits can provide harmful effects, accelerating wear and tear on the body. These include the consumption of sweets, refined, salty foods, red meat, alcohol, and foods containing trans fats.
2. Stress, inability to resist it. Nervous tension, depression and the uncontrollable problems they cause negative emotions, are the source psychosomatic diseases leading to weakened immunity and premature aging. Women, being more emotionally sensitive, are more often exposed to depressive moods and experiences. However, in men, despite their emotional stability, stress causes more severe consequences.
3. The accumulation of toxins has a detrimental effect on the body, triggering prematurely the mechanism of decrepitness. This refers to uncontrolled intake medical supplies– antipyretics, antibiotics, hormones, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and sleeping pills. And also the consumption of chlorinated water, food saturated with pesticides, nitrates, hormones, antibiotics. Living in environmentally polluted areas also leads to the accumulation of toxins in the body.
4. Smoking and drinking alcohol contribute to an increase in the number of oxidative processes, leading to wear and tear, destruction of the body from the inside, and early formation of wrinkles.

Attention! One of the reasons that triggers the mechanism of premature aging in women is osteoporosis, caused by the loss of bone tissue due to lack of calcium in the body.

Progeria – a rare disease of rapid aging

Progeria or a disease of aging (premature), which is a rare - only 80 cases in the world - genetic failure that causes accelerated aging of all human organs.
It appears in two forms - childhood and adult, more common in boys.

First, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome manifests itself in children at 1-2 years of age. It is characterized by developmental delays, characteristic changes in appearance, and the acquisition of senile features. Life expectancy for this form of the disease is about 20 years.

The second is that Werner syndrome develops in adolescence - up to 18 years. It is characterized by cessation of growth, early graying and baldness, weight loss, and changes in appearance. Average duration The lifespan of people with Werner syndrome barely exceeds 40 years.

Attention! Progeria is not a hereditary disease; genetics have absolutely nothing to do with its occurrence. The reasons that cause a sudden mutation of the lamin A (LMNA) gene, which triggers rapid aging, are still unknown. The disease has no medical treatment

Causes of skin aging

The appearance of the first signs of maturity and aging of the skin can be observed quite early, for some already at the age of 25. They appear in the form of the first facial wrinkles caused by bright facial expressions and anatomical features faces. While the skin of the face retains its elasticity, during muscle relaxation, it is able to smooth out. But over time, its properties change and previously superficial wrinkles become deeper. The loss of the skin's ability to self-heal and regenerate is the main reason for its withering.

Considering the conditions that cause rapid aging skin, it should be noted that this process depends on many factors, some of which can be controlled:

1. Sun. It not only saturates the body with vitamin D, but is a cause of accelerated aging and cancer. Skin exposed to the sun, unprotected by clothing or special sunscreen, undergoes photoaging, a process caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays, penetrating deep into the dermis, causing activation of oxidative processes, destruction of capillaries, collagen fibers, and phototoxic reactions. The desire to quickly tan in a solarium has the same destructive effect on the skin. As a result of prolonged exposure to UV radiation, skin elasticity decreases.
2. Dehydration. In skin cells suffering from dehydration, the structure is disrupted, which leads to the formation of fine wrinkles and tightness of the skin.
3. Natural factors. They negatively affect the skin, causing dehydration, early wilting, prolonged exposure to dry air, frost, wind, dust, and high humidity.
4. Avitaminosis. Lack of vitamins leads to depletion of the body, causes skin aging and early education wrinkles

Types aging

U different people skin aging processes begin in different ways and in different terms, which allows us to divide them into 5 types:

1. “Fatigue of the face” occurs among owners combined type skin, is characterized by loss of skin elasticity, the appearance of puffiness, swelling, the formation of a pronounced nasolabial fold, and drooping of the corners of the mouth.
2. “Bulldog cheeks” is a deformation type of aging, typical for those who are prone to obesity oily skin. It is characterized by changes in the contours of the face and neck, the appearance of jowls, swelling, and highly developed nasolabial folds.
3. “Finely wrinkled face” - this type is characterized by the presence of dry skin and the formation of a network of small horizontal and vertical wrinkles in the corners of the eyes, on the forehead, cheeks, around the contour of the lips. It occurs as a result of skin dehydration, and also in those with dry skin, it manifests itself early.
4. “Mixed type” – combining the signs of deformation, wrinkled and skin types of aging that lose elasticity.
5. “Muscular type” is a type of aging characteristic of Asians; its characteristic features are wrinkling around the eyes.

Prevention of aging

A set of measures taken to reduce the wear and tear of the body’s internal reserves is the best prevention of premature senescence.

Leading a healthy lifestyle

Physical and mental activity, changing thinking and nutritional culture, maintaining activity and rest regimes, giving up bad habits are conditions that help prolong youth.

A daily routine consisting of alternating work and rest promotes rapid recovery strength, but reasonable physical exercise And active image I help my life cope with stress.

Nutrition

Healthy eating is one of the ways to prevent early aging, as modern nutritionists say. Including foods rich in antioxidants in your diet helps eliminate free radicals, thereby prolonging your youth. These include:

• spinach, tomatoes, broccoli, pumpkin;
• grapes, strawberries, oranges;
• cinnamon, ginger;
• poultry, fatty fish;
• green tea, red wine.

This is far from full list products that can saturate cells with antioxidants, increasing their resistance to the effects of time.

Maintaining water regime

Allows you to maintain a normal vital balance in cells and tissues and prevent their wear and tear.

Prevention of physiological dysfunctions

Allows you to regulate metabolic and trophic processes in the body. Assumes:

• carrying out anti-aging cosmetic procedures;
• targeted training aimed at maintaining physical fitness;
• gentle use of dietary supplements, vitamins and pharmaceuticals stimulating the restoration and strengthening of the immune system.

Correction of external signs of accelerated aging

When talking about trying to eliminate signs of early skin aging, we mean correcting wrinkles and improving skin elasticity. Here the tools of the beauty industry will come to the rescue, which, although it is not able to stop time, has many ways to adjust its influence. When choosing one method or another, you should take into account your skin type, as well as the type of aging and the degree of its manifestation. For the purpose of rejuvenation, the skin of the face can be affected by:

• therapeutically - with the help of masks, chemical peeling, paraffin therapy, various techniques massage, mesotherapy, beauty injections and other methods;
• hardware - performing phonophoresis, hardware massage or laser therapy;
• surgically - with the help plastic surgery or endoscopic lifting.

When planning to use a radical (surgical) method for correcting signs of skin aging, you should take into account the type of aging in order to select best method, capable of giving maximum effect with minimal impact

The skin, like the entire body, undergoes irreversible changes throughout life. And yet, as practice shows, their premature wear can be controlled by reducing the number of external unfavorable factors. Leading healthy image life, taking care of your appearance, monitoring your health and well-being, periodically conducting a course of maintenance therapy in the form of taking multivitamin complexes, massages, and other health and rejuvenating procedures can achieve significant success in the fight for youth.

Aging early or later - it all depends on ourselves, dear women. Our beauty is the result of hard work. Stay young and beautiful!