Medicines to prevent colds. Inexpensive medicines to prevent flu and colds

The seasons of autumn and winter are annually marked by the scale of diseases among the population. All age groups from children to the elderly are at risk.

ARVIs are considered common diseases of these seasons, since infection occurs most in a simple way: by airborne droplets.

Mass infection, according to statistics, affects a person twice a year, so it is worth thinking about preventive measures and means to reduce the possibility of the disease occurring and protect your body.

An acute respiratory viral infection is transmitted from an infected person through airborne transmission (coughing, sneezing, shaking hands).

Preventive protection has great importance regardless of season and weather.

Protection is divided into two types:

• specific - aimed at protection immune system. Is this mass vaccination or individual vaccination? Vaccine injections are given in kindergartens, educational institutions, at work or optionally in a medical facility;
• nonspecific - independent struggle with viral infections. For example, preventive hardening and taking vitamin complexes. All these measures are aimed at strengthening general condition the body, improving its life support and ability to resist viral infections.

The main idea of ​​infection prevention methods is to try to avoid contact with virus carriers as much as possible by:

• wearing a protective cotton-gauze bandage;
• Isolation of the sick person for the period of infection until complete recovery.

For prevention, it is necessary to carry out complex measures; they should be carried out under control and in the appropriate order. The most optimal approach is the selection of individual methods of hardening the body, the selection of anti-epidemic drugs and the implementation of specialist recommendations.

Prevention in children

Prevention for children is very important and relevant. Basic principles of protection against disease:

• avoiding contact with viral carriers;
• increasing the protective properties of the body.

Children are easier and more likely to become infected with ARVI. They cannot be completely protected from the disease, but they can be less likely to become infected by following simple basic principles.

According to pediatrician Komarovsky, the following actions are taken to reduce the risk of becoming infected:

• If the patient is at home, you need to ventilate the room more often. Minimize communication healthy child with the patient, before full recovery the last one.
• carry out cleaning with chlorine cleaners, maintain optimal humidity in the room (from 40%) and a temperature of about 20 degrees;
• “mask” mode - in the midst of an infection, purchase gauze bandages and wear them, change them periodically, so the risk of getting sick will not be high;
• Be sure to keep children’s hands clean, wash them more often, especially before eating and after a walk;
• If possible, take frequent walks fresh air, if the weather is bad, then ventilate the premises;
• reception prophylactic drugs and medications (for example, Broncho-Vaxom, Imudon, Ribomunil);
• vaccination;

Routes of entry of the virus into humans

ARVI is transmitted by airborne droplets and enters a healthy person through the respiratory and digestive system.

Methods of transmission and transmission of the virus:

• local, local transmission of the virus - handshakes, hugs with a sick person;
• airborne transmission - direct conversation, being in the same room with sick people, coughing and sneezing near healthy people.

Preventive medications for adults and children

Medicines for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections are aimed at strengthening the body, its immune system and the ability to resist viruses.

The most common drugs for the prevention of ARVI:

1. Nazaval Plus - nasal drops based on wild garlic extract, wild garlic and bear onion. May be available in spray form. Suitable for both children and adults. Use during periods of illness. Average cost from 300 rubles.
2. Ingavirin - tablets and capsules, the main active ingredient is imidazolylethanamide. Intended for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and group A viruses. Release of dosages for adults and children, average price from 390 rubles.
3. Tsitovir - syrup for children, capsules for adults. Increases protective functions body, the main substance is thymogen. Average cost from 240 rubles.
4. Arbidol - release form - tablets and capsules, for both adults and children. Antiviral drug, the main active ingredient is umifenovir. average price from 167 rubles.
5. Rimantadine (remantadine) - tablets. Used in for preventive purposes and for the treatment of ARVI and influenza. The active substance is rimantadine hydrochloride. Average price from 74 rubles.
6. Kagocel - tablets, the active ingredient is kagocel. Antiviral, activates the production of interferon to fight viruses. For use by adults and children over six years of age. The price varies from 240 rubles.

Vaccination against ARVI

Vaccination is carried out once during periods of spread of the disease and its exacerbation.

Effective vaccines are considered to be preventive drugs to protect against respiratory diseases.

Modern vaccination is divided into three generations:

• first - live (whole virion);
• second - split (split);
• third - subunit.

The injection is given once and is aimed at preventing ARVI. In case of illness, a vaccinated person has advantages over an unvaccinated person; he tolerates the disease more easily (no high fever, mild symptoms and a rapid course of the disease, without relapses).

Contraindications to the vaccine are allergic reactions, pathologies of the immune system, the presence of an acute disease or the course of inflammatory process, recently previous illness, weakened condition after surgery.

What age is it possible to use vaccines?

Vaccination can be carried out both for children from six months old and for older people. Initially, vaccination should be carried out for people who belong to the first risk group (schoolchildren and preschoolers, students, medical workers, people over sixty years old, immunocompromised and HIV-infected).

Reminder on the prevention of ARVI:

How to behave at work during exacerbation of illnesses

Before work, take antiviral medications, use cotton-gauze bandages, use only your own dishes at lunch, observe hand hygiene after using the toilet and shaking hands, ventilate the premises, reduce contact with sick people. If you get sick yourself, take sick leave.

How to behave if you are sick at home

Be sure to isolate the patient in separate room(not passable), ventilate the house/apartment often and do wet cleaning. Maintain hygiene and do not eat food from the patient’s dishes.

How to behave on public transport

If going outside requires a trip to public transport, then be sure to wear a bandage. If possible, try to sit by the window, where there is more air flow, and not at the end of the vehicle, in a crowd. After leaving, do not forget to wipe your hands with bactericidal wipes.

Do not sit next to potentially sick people.

How to behave in the company of friends and relatives who are sick with ARVI

Try to limit direct contact - kissing, hugging, shaking hands. Gather in ventilated areas and maintain personal hygiene. Use moisturizing nasal sprays to protect against viruses.

Prevention of ARVI in preschool educational institutions (kindergarten)

During increased degree diseases, it is necessary to increase the number of walks in the fresh air, constantly ventilate the premises and do wet cleaning with special bactericidal agents.

Do not visit places where large numbers of people gather.

Monitor your child's hygiene! You need to teach him to use napkins or disposable towels, keep his hands clean, and not chew other people's toys.

When vaccinated, agree to the injection. Take special antiviral drugs if the risk of getting sick is high. Start giving your child vitamins or diversify the diet with vegetables and fruits.

Prevention of ARVI at school

Use cotton gauze dressings and disposable wipes whenever possible.

Participate in vaccinations and take vitamins and antiviral medications.

If possible, reduce the time you spend around people. Follow the diet and dress your child according to the weather.

Conclusion

The main method of prevention is vaccination and management healthy image life.

They are based on personal protection and limiting contact with infected people.

In autumn - winter period the issue of prevention is acute colds in adults and children. Prevention of influenza and ARVI is aimed at strengthening the body's own defenses. One of the methods of combating cold viruses in a child is flu vaccination. It should be noted that flu vaccinations are approved for the prevention of children from 6 months.

Among the “popular” colds, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza should be noted. If respiratory diseases, when a virus enters the body, can only unsettle a person for a while, then the influenza virus leads to negative consequences its presence in the body. Against the background of general malaise, it can cause such complications, incorrect and untimely treatment which may lead to fatal outcome:

• development of diseases respiratory system in a child, including bronchitis and pneumonia;
• damage to the cardiovascular system;
• inflammatory processes in the kidneys;
• cerebral edema;
• complication and activation of chronic diseases existing today.

The influenza virus can cause complications in the functioning of internal organs and all body systems.

Symptoms of colds

Flu and ARVI belong to the same group of colds and have similar symptoms, which manifest themselves:

At the slightest suspicion that a child has a disease, you should consult a doctor for a prescription. necessary treatment. Many drugs used to treat ARVI are used to prevent colds.

Risk group

People with weakened immune systems and chronic diseases are susceptible to colds. There are several categories of people who, due to their physical characteristics, are easily susceptible to the influence of viruses:

• age category over 65 years;
• children due to the underdevelopment of their immune system;
• people with chronic diseases;
• patients diagnosed with kidney and genitourinary diseases;
• people with diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• patients with immunodeficiency conditions;
• pregnant and lactating women due to increased load on the body.

The risk group should also include people who, due to professional activity, must work in crowded places. These are educators and teachers, medical staff, cultural figures, as well as trade workers. This also includes service personnel.

General preventive measures

Prevention of influenza and ARVI involves A complex approach. It should be noted the importance of hardening procedures for the child, taking immunostimulating vitamin preparations, performing simple physical exercises, observing general recommendations. The same prevention of ARVI and influenza is recommended for use in children, starting from a young age.

General strengthening measures for the prevention of ARVI

Important How to prevent influenza and ARVI have methods that strengthen the body’s own strength. In this category preventative measures you can include hardening procedures, traditional medicine, activation local immunity. You can choose a simple set of physical exercises for your child that will help maintain a healthy lifestyle. The quality of your sleep is important. It is necessary to ensure comfortable conditions so that the child's sleep is sound and calm.

Hardening the body as a prevention of respiratory diseases:

• rubbing, cold and hot shower With gradual increase water temperature differences;
• foot massage - there are points on the feet, stimulation and massage of which activates the protective properties of the child’s body, thereby increasing immunity in general;
• walking barefoot is also a type of massage: for these purposes, you can purchase massage mats or make them together with your child from scrap materials;
• staying in the fresh air: outdoor games, walking - also a preventive measure against colds;
• annual vacation at sea for 10 - 14 days: a sharp change in climatic conditions stimulates the body's immune system;
• A child’s diet also plays an important role in the prevention of influenza and respiratory diseases: the consumption of food of plant origin should be increased;
• as a preventive measure, you need to instill a few drops into each nasal passage of the child saline solution or lubricate the mucous membrane with oxolinic ointment.

Traditional methods of preventing colds

From traditional methods for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, garlic and onions should be noted. Besides the fact that they improve taste qualities Any dish, onions and garlic increase the body's own immunity. The phytoncides contained in their composition are known for their properties to disinfect most viruses and bacteria. If infection with colds has already occurred, then the medicine from the garden, when consumed as food, shortens the time of illness. Pieces of garlic and onion, placed on plates and placed in several places in the room, have proven themselves well as a preventive measure against the virus. You can also use crushed natural phytoncides in the form of pendants. You will need a container from a Kinders Surprise toy. You need to make holes all over the surface of the egg and tie a string. Place chopped onion or garlic inside and wear a “pendant” around your neck as a means of prevention.

Don’t forget about vitamin C, which is popular in activating the immune properties of the child’s body in the fight against influenza and ARVI viruses. In its natural form, it is present in rose hips, lingonberries, and cranberries. Black currant berries are rich in this vitamin. Not on last place In terms of vitamin C content - lemon. All these fruits and berries can be consumed both in their natural form and as fruit drinks, compotes, and juices. Frozen berries have also not lost their richness and can be used as a remedy for influenza and ARVI.

To prevent ARVI, you can eat onion pieces watered lemon juice. Even children like this preventive remedy, since the bitterness of onions and the sourness of lemon mask each other, giving the “dish” a unique taste.

Honey and bee products are also excellent preventative agents in the fight against influenza and ARVI viruses. It is necessary to take into account that this category of folk remedies for preventing illness very often acts as a strong allergen.

Immunostimulants

The pharmaceutical market is ready to offer big choice medicines to maintain and increase the body's immune forces. It is worth noting drugs containing interferon, antiviral drugs, multivitamin complexes, bacterial lysates. It is necessary to dwell on each group of pharmaceuticals and note their effect on the child’s body during influenza and ARVI viruses.

Interferon

A drug containing interferon contains proteins that warn cells of impending danger. This stimulates their protective properties. Is preventative measure, preventing the appearance of a runny nose and nasal congestion during ARVI.

Drugs in this class include Kipferon, Viferon, Intron, Reaferon, Cycloferon, Interferon. The same medications in the form of ointments or nasal drops are used in the care of the nasal mucosa of a child to prevent influenza or ARVI.

Antiviral drugs

Kagocel, Lavomax, Tiloron, Amiksin, Tsitovir 3, Arbidol, Ingavirin, Agri, Grippferon, Oscillococcinum are representatives of the class of antiviral drugs.
The combined use of Arbidol and Kagocel significantly increases the antiviral activity of both drugs. Kagocel stimulates the production of interferon in the body. Contraindicated for children under 6 years of age due to imperfect development of the child’s immune system. Reduces the risk of complications after suffering from colds.

Arbidol suppresses the activity of influenza and ARVI viruses, increasing immunity. Contraindicated for children under 3 years of age. The dosage depends on the age of the child. The drug is in tablet form.

Among the homeopathic medicines, it is worth noting Agri, Anaferon, Oscillococcinum, Aflubin. They are allowed to be taken for the treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI in people of different ages, including children.

Agri is an antiviral homeopathic remedy. Available in the form of granules or tablets. The granulated form is approved for use in children from infancy. The tablets are indicated for use in children over the age of 1 year.

Anaferon is used for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Take once a day for a long time. Approved for use in children from the second month of life.
Oscillococcinum has the form of granules and is used for preventive purposes once a week.

Drugs for the treatment and prevention of influenza

This series of pharmaceuticals for the prevention of influenza and ARVI is represented by the following drugs: Rimantadine, Ergoferon, Relenza, Tamiflu, Peramivir.

1. Relenza is an inhaler more suitable for use in the adult population. Not recommended for use in treating children with colds. The effectiveness of inhalations for acute respiratory viral infections depends on correctly performed inhalation.
2. Tamiflu is effective for swine flu. The course of treatment is up to 6 weeks. The dosage is 75 mg. Inhibits the reproduction of the virus. Speeds up the healing process. Approved for use in children from birth.
3. The active drug used against influenza is Rimantadine. The dosage of the drug should be selected in accordance with the child’s weight. Not recommended for use in children under 7 years of age. Renders negative impact on liver function.

Vitamin complexes

B vitamins, ascorbic acid, vitamin A are also used as prevention of ARVI.

Prevention of influenza and ARVI remains one of the important measures to preserve the health of children and adults. It is necessary to approach this issue comprehensively, observing both the rules of child hygiene and the recommendations of doctors.

There is probably not a single person who has not suffered from colds at least once in their life, at least in childhood. Therefore, there is no person who would not be concerned about the question of what to take for a cold.

Colds may have different names, but they are based on one reason - infection of various parts of the body and, in particular, the upper respiratory tract, pathogens. These microorganisms are divided into two main categories – bacteria and viruses.

Treatment of acute respiratory diseases can be either symptomatic, aimed at alleviating the manifestations of the disease, or etiological, aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease. Fortunately, antibacterial drugs, or antibiotics, have long been used successfully to treat diseases caused by bacteria. But in the case of diseases caused by another group of infectious agents - viruses, the situation is not so favorable. And there are several reasons for this.

Respiratory diseases caused by viruses

What acute respiratory diseases are caused by viruses? These include, first of all, influenza and ARVI.

The term ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) refers to various infections caused by viruses that are not related to influenza. These viruses include:

• adenoviruses,
• rhinoviruses,
• parainfluenza viruses,
• coronaviruses,
• respiratory syncytial viruses.

Respiratory symptoms are also characteristic of some other viral diseases:

• measles,
• rubella,
• chicken pox,

However, they are not usually classified as viral respiratory diseases.

Symptoms of parainfluenza and ARVI

Symptoms of diseases caused by different types of viruses often differ little from each other. And it is usually possible to determine the type of disease only by identifying the type of pathogen, which is not always easy.

Typically, ARVI is characterized by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, high temperature (sometimes low-grade, below +38º C), sore throat, headaches, and frequent sneezing. Sometimes symptoms may be accompanied by signs of intoxication - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Most experts are of the opinion that when treating ARVI in people with normal immunity and not a weakened body for some reason, no antiviral drugs are needed. These diseases are the right approach They resolve on their own and do not cause any complications. Therefore, treatment of these diseases is mainly symptomatic. The only exception is syncytial infection, which can be fatal in infants.

Treatment for diseases such as ARVI comes down mainly to bed rest, creating normal conditions for recovery – absence of drafts, hypothermia of the body. It is also necessary to drink a lot of liquid, always warm, for example, tea with lemon. Taking vitamins and antioxidants also helps with healing. To treat a runny nose, you can use anti-inflammatory or clearing nose drops; to treat the bronchi and throat, you can use inhalations based on herbal infusions that relieve inflammation. Nutritious food is also an important element of therapy.

Photo: Nestor Rizhniak/Shutterstock.com

Flu and its characteristic symptoms

Symptoms of influenza are often different from those of other viral respiratory diseases. However, this difference may not always manifest itself. Often, in the case of high immunity or a weakened type of virus, the symptoms of influenza are practically no different from the symptoms of ARVI. And, nevertheless, there are several main signs that you should pay attention to.

First of all, most varieties of influenza are characterized by a very high temperature, which can rise to +39.5 – +40ºС. The temperature usually rises to high performance in a short period of time. Thus, if the temperature is initially low-grade, and then, after a couple of days, rises to high values, then this most likely does not mean the presence of influenza, but some kind of flu. secondary infection type of pneumonia.

Also, with the flu there is such a characteristic symptom as subtle pain in the muscles of the body, especially in the limbs (ache). This symptom may be characteristic of both early stage diseases, appearing several hours before the temperature rises, and for the period when the temperature has already risen. Respiratory symptoms with influenza, they are usually erased compared to ARVI. In most cases, with the flu there is no runny nose, but a severe cough may be present.

Influenza, unlike ARVI, is dangerous due to its complications affecting other organs - the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver. A severe form of influenza is very dangerous - toxic flu, in which death from intoxication of the body is possible.

Influenza is usually transmitted by airborne droplets, from sick to healthy people. The influenza virus is quite resistant to external influences and can persist for a long time in the external environment. The incubation period of the disease usually ranges from several hours to several days.

Experts believe that influenza most often manifests itself at ambient temperatures ranging from –5ºС to +5ºС. At these temperatures the virus can survive for a long time. In addition, similar temperature regime helps dry out the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and makes them more susceptible to the virus.

There are several types of influenza virus. And not all drugs are able to affect all these types. Treatment of influenza is mainly symptomatic. Reception antiviral drugs for influenza, it is indicated in cases of severe disease, as well as in cases of weakened immunity. These can be both etiotropic drugs and drugs that stimulate the immune system. Thanks to their use, it is often possible to shorten the duration of the disease and avoid possible severe complications.

How does a viral disease develop?

Unlike diseases caused by bacteria, viruses that enter the body directly attack human cells. The virus is usually very simple. As a rule, it is a single DNA molecule, and sometimes a simpler RNA molecule containing genetic information. In addition, the virus also contains a shell of proteins. However, some types of viruses - viroids - may not have it either.

Viruses are able to integrate into the genetic apparatus of cells and reconfigure it to release their own copies. Viruses cannot reproduce without the help of cells from other organisms.

Structural features of viruses that cause ARVI and influenza

Most viruses included in this group, belong to the type of RNA viruses. The only exception is an adenovirus, which has a DNA molecule.

Influenza viruses are divided into three main serotypes - A, B, and C. Most often, diseases are caused by the first two types. The type C virus causes illness only in immunocompromised people, children and the elderly. There are no epidemics of diseases caused by this type of virus, while epidemics caused by viruses of types A and B occur very often - once every few years in a certain area.

The surface of the RNA molecule of the virus is covered with several protein molecules, among which neuraminidase should be highlighted. This enzyme facilitates the penetration of the virus into the cell and then ensures the release of new viral particles from it. Influenza viruses primarily infect epithelial cells lining the surface of the upper respiratory tract.

Of course, the immune system is not sitting idle either. Immune cells, having detected the presence of strangers, produce special substances - interferons, which suppress the activity of viruses and prevent their penetration into cells. In addition, special types of lymphocytes - T-killer cells and NK lymphocytes destroy cells affected by viruses.

However, viral diseases, including those caused by influenza viruses, claim many lives every year.

The peculiarity of viruses is their increased ability to mutate. This leads to the fact that protein molecules on the surface of viruses can very quickly change their composition, and as a result, immune forces are not always able to recognize them in time as a previously encountered object.

Therefore, scientists have long wanted to develop agents that would be active against various viruses. However, such a task faces many difficulties. They consist, first of all, in the fact that viral particles are very small and have an extremely primitive structure, even compared to bacteria. This means that they have very few vulnerabilities.

However, some antiviral agents have been developed. In particular, many of them are active against viruses that cause ARVI and influenza.

Types of antiviral drugs

Antiviral agents aimed directly at combating viruses can be divided into four main groups:

• vaccines;
• immunostimulants and interferon inducers;
• drugs containing interferon;
• antiviral drugs direct action(etiotropic).

There are many antivirus products related to various groups and it is not easy to single out the most effective drug among them.

Antiviral vaccines

Vaccination was invented at the end of the 18th century. Over time, it became widely used as prophylactic to combat various diseases, including viral ones.

The essence of vaccination is to give the body's immune system information about the infectious agent in advance. The fact is that the immune system often recognizes the danger too late, when the infection has already spread throughout the body. And if the immune system is configured in advance to fight the desired agent, then it will instantly enter into a fight with it and easily neutralize it.

When vaccinated against viruses, a vaccine is injected into the blood - a substance containing the protein shells of viruses, or somehow weakened viruses. These components are unable to cause disease, but are capable of training immune cells to fight invaders. Thus, if real viruses enter the body, then, as a rule, they are neutralized very quickly. Immunity obtained through vaccines can last for many years.

As for influenza, there are several types of viruses that cause this disease. There are vaccines for most of them.

Vaccines can be of several types. There are vaccines containing live but weakened viruses. There are also vaccines containing inactivated virus components. Typically, one vaccine contains material from several varieties of viruses, which is regularly updated in accordance with the mutations to which the substances that make up the shells of these infectious agents undergo.

Flu vaccination, first of all, should be given to people in certain risk groups:

• Age over 65 years;
• Having respiratory diseases;
• Taking drugs that suppress the immune system, cytostatics, corticosteroids;
• Patients with diabetes;
• Children;
• Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Unlike influenza, there are currently no vaccines to prevent ARVI.

Antiviral agents that enhance immunity

Any virus that enters the body encounters it protective forces– immunity. Human immunity is divided into two types: specific and nonspecific. Specific immunity is produced against a specific type of infectious agent, and the nonspecific one has universal action and can be directed against any type of infection. Antiviral drugs based on enhancing immunity use its nonspecific variety.

Preparations with interferons

This class of antiviral agents contains interferons - special substances secreted immune cells to fight viruses. Typically, interferon in such antiviral drugs is obtained artificially using special bacteria. Interferon attaches to cell walls and prevents viruses from entering them. On the other hand, viruses are able to block the production of interferon from cells, thereby facilitating their penetration into them. Thus, drugs containing interferon are designed to compensate for the lack of natural interferon observed during viral infections.

Information about the effectiveness of antiviral drugs of this class is contradictory. Many people claim that they helped them, although the results of clinical trials do not allow us to speak with confidence about these drugs as an effective remedy. In addition, they tend to have a lot side effects. Among them, it is worth noting the high likelihood of allergic reactions.

The list of popular drugs of this type includes Grippferon, Alfaron, Interferon, Viferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The drug contains interferon type alpha 2b. Bacteria were used in the synthesis of this substance coli. The drug also contains vitamins C and E. The drug can be used as antiviral medicine. It is active against pathogens of major respiratory infections, as well as hepatitis and herpes viruses.

Kipferon

A drug for the treatment of influenza and ARVI. The medicine is available in the form of suppositories. Contains immunoglobulins and human leukocyte interferon. Fat and paraffin are used as additional components. The drug is active not only against viruses (ARVI, influenza and hepatitis viruses) but also against a number of bacterial infections, in particular, chlamydia.

Grippferon

Available as a solution for nasal use, it contains human leukocyte interferon and has immunomodulatory properties. It also contains some excipients. Intended mainly for the treatment of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.

Antiviral immunostimulating agents

Unlike interferons, antiviral immunostimulating agents do not attack viruses directly, but stimulate the immune system to produce its own interferons. These are inexpensive but quite effective means. The advantage of this type of drugs, compared with drugs containing interferon, is that they are much less likely to cause side effects in the form of allergic reactions. Examples of such drugs are Ingavir, Kagocel, Cycloferon, Lavomax, Tsitovir. It is difficult to say for sure which of them is most effective for acute respiratory viral infections. They all differ somewhat in their effects and contraindications, and in order to know which one to choose, it is best to seek advice from a specialist.

The effectiveness of antiviral immunostimulating agents, judging by reviews, is quite high. However, many people who are passionate about such remedies do not think about how often they can drink them. Doctors warn about the harm that can result from uncontrolled use of immune stimulants. The fact is that with regular use of stimulants, the functioning of one’s own immunity occurs. The body gets used to the stimulation and is unable to respond to the infection on its own, which can cause complications of infectious diseases. The second danger associated with immune stimulants is that immune cells can begin to attack the body's own tissues, which is the cause of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, and some others.

Tsitovir

Contains bendazole, a substance that stimulates the formation of interferons. Other active substances are ascorbic acid and thymogen, which increase the body’s resistance to infection. Available in three main dosage forms- capsules, syrup and powder for preparing the solution. Can be used as a medicine to help against influenza and ARVI.

Kagocel

One of the best-selling drugs on the Russian market. Developed in the late 1980s. in Soviet Union. One of the main active ingredients derived from cotton and is a copolymer of gossypol. Another component is cellulose glycolic acid. The combination of these components leads to increased secretion of interferon by immune cells. It should be noted that pure gossypol is known as a drug that negatively affects male spermatogenesis. And although the developers claim that this substance is in pure form the drug contains an insignificant amount, this circumstance makes us wary.

Amiksin

A drug that stimulates the production of various types of interferons - leukocyte (alpha type), gamma, and fibroblast interferon. A powerful remedy that is active against various viruses, including viruses that cause ARVI, herpes and hepatitis. The drug was developed in the United States about half a century ago, but was soon banned there due to its side effects. In particular, it was found that the main component of the drug can cause damage to the retina. However, in countries former USSR This drug is actively sold under various brand names.

Cycloferon

Currently, this is one of the most popular drugs from the class of immunostimulants on the market. The active substance is meglumine acridone acetate. The drug can be administered into the body parenterally or taken in tablet form. Judging by the reviews, the drug has a high effect. However, it is interesting to note that the main active ingredient was originally used in veterinary medicine. But just a few years after the start of its use in this capacity, the drug was registered as a drug for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. At the same time, manufacturers recommend using the drug even for treating children over 4 years old.

Antiviral etiotropic drugs (direct-acting drugs)

This type of drug acts directly on influenza or ARVI viruses. In this case, mechanisms may be used that impede the replication of the virus or its penetration into cells. Some drugs may also have a mild stimulating effect on the immune system.

Amantadins

These are first-generation antiviral etiotropic drugs, otherwise called M2 channel blockers. The mechanism of their action is based on disruption of the functioning of certain enzymes that ensure the reproduction of the virus in the cell. The main drugs of the class are deytiforin, amantadine, midantan and rimantadine. Amantadines are also effective against some other types of viruses, such as adenoviruses and herpes viruses.

Remantadine

One of the first representatives of the group of direct-acting antiviral drugs. At the time of its introduction (early 1960s), it seemed like a real breakthrough in the fight against influenza. The medicine has shown its effectiveness in many clinical trials.

The drug was developed in the USA, but in the Soviet Union the pharmaceutical industry also quickly launched the production of this drug. With its help, it was possible to significantly reduce the time spent on treating patients with influenza, which resulted in significant cost savings throughout the Soviet economy.

However, it soon became clear that influenza viruses quickly developed resistance to this drug and mutated in such a way that they became practically invulnerable to it. Latest Research show that more than 90% of influenza viruses are resistant to rimantadine, which makes it practically useless in the treatment of this disease.

In addition, the drug was initially active only against influenza virus type A and did not affect type B viruses. Thus, rimantadine in terms of treating influenza today is of rather historical interest. However, this medicine cannot be called completely useless, since it turned out that it is effective against the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Remantadine is available in two main dosage forms - 50 mg tablets and syrup. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, under certain conditions this time can be extended to two weeks.

It may seem that antibiotics are universal remedy, which can cope with almost any misfortune (especially if we're talking about about a cold). This opinion is indeed widespread and people often self-prescribe antibiotics at the first sign of illness. Are antibiotics necessary for the flu or are they absolutely useless?

Do antibiotics treat influenza?

Neuramidase inhibitors

These are more modern and effective direct-acting antiviral drugs. Their antiviral mechanism is based on blocking the enzyme, thanks to which the virus leaves the infected cell and also penetrates into healthy cells. Since the virus cannot penetrate the cell, it is easily destroyed by the body’s immune forces. Today, drugs in this group are most often used among direct-acting viral etiotropic drugs intended to combat influenza.

The main representatives of the class are oseltamivir, marketed under the brand name Tamiflu, and the drug Relenza (zanamivir). There is also a new generation drug - Peramivir (Rapivab), which has shown high efficiency with uncomplicated influenza. This drug is intended primarily for parenteral administration.

However, it is worth noting that drugs in this group have a number of disadvantages. In the case of mild, uncomplicated flu, their effectiveness is usually relatively low, but the number of side effects is quite high. Neuramydiase inhibitors are also quite toxic. The incidence of side effects when taking them is 1.5%. Medicines are prescribed with caution to patients with a tendency to bronchospasm. In addition, they cannot be classified as cheap drugs.

Tamiflu

This drug was developed in the USA in the late 1980s. Initially it was planned to be used in the fight against the AIDS virus, but then it turned out that oseltamivir is not dangerous to this virus. However, instead of this, it was discovered that the drug is active against influenza types A and B. The drug is most effective against severe forms influenza due to its ability to suppress the production of cytokines and prevent inflammation and excessive immune response in the form of a cytokine storm. Today, this drug probably leads the rating in terms of effectiveness among other etiotropic drugs.

When choosing a dosage, you should take into account the patient’s condition, the nature of the disease, and the presence of chronic diseases. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, dosage is 75-150 mg.

However, it is worth noting that the drug does not act against ARVI pathogens. In addition, an overdose of the drug and its uncontrolled use, including for preventive purposes, can lead to very serious consequences for health, for example, to mental disorders.

Relenza

Like Tamiflu, it belongs to the group of neuramidase inhibitors. It is an effective antiviral drug, structural analogue sialic acid. Unlike oseltamivir, this medicine for influenza is produced not in tablets, but in special blisters intended for use in an inhaler - a dishaler. This method allows you to deliver the drug directly to the respiratory tract affected by the virus and ensure the most effective effect of the drug on the infectious agent.

Arbidol

A domestic drug that was developed back in the 1980s. The active substance is umifenovir. Unlike neuraminidase inhibitors, the action of umifenovir is aimed at inhibiting another viral protein, hemagglutinin. However, this method also prevents the virus from entering cells. In addition, the drug is capable of providing moderate stimulation of the body's immune forces. Arbidol can also treat not only the flu, but also ARVI. A structural analogue is produced in Belarus this drug- Arpetol.

Reviews about the drug are mostly positive. However, one cannot help but be alarmed by the fact that the only serious study of the effectiveness of the drug was sponsored by its manufacturer, the Pharmstandard company. Therefore, today Arbidol cannot be unambiguously classified as a drug with proven effectiveness.

Rebetol

This drug is not designed to fight influenza viruses, but to fight other viruses, such as rhinosyncytial virus. Most often this infection occurs in children in whom it occurs in complex form. However, it can also be used as an anti-influenza drug, although with less effect. In addition, the drug can be used in the treatment of herpes. For acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is administered to the site of inflammation using inhalation. Other names of the drug are Virazol and Ribavirin. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Symptomatic drugs

Contrary to popular belief, these drugs are not antiviral. They are intended only to relieve the unpleasant symptoms of influenza and ARVI - pain and fever. However, this does not deny the fact that symptomatic medications are a good remedy for colds. They usually contain anti-inflammatory, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs - paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sometimes antioxidants - ascorbic acid, less often - antihistamines and vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephinephrine. Thus, they have no effect on influenza or ARVI viruses. Although the names of many such drugs can mislead the inexperienced person. For example, the symptomatic drug Theraflu can be confused with the etiotropic drug Tamiflu.

There are also combination drugs, including etiotropic and symptomatic drugs - for example, Anvivir, containing rimantadine and paracetamol.

It should be noted that the simultaneous prescription of interferon inducers and antipyretics, which is practiced by some doctors, does not make much sense. Indeed, when the temperature rises, on the contrary, there is an increase in the production of interferon, and an artificial decrease in temperature reduces this process to nothing.

Homeopathic remedies

It is worth noting such a type of medicine as homeopathic remedies for the treatment of viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract. There are fierce debates around homeopathy; it has both supporters and opponents. However, it is indisputable that almost all homeopathic medicines do not directly affect viruses, and therefore it is very difficult to classify them as antiviral. For example, such a popular French anti-flu drug as Oscillococcinum contains liver components from musky duck as an active component. IN in this case It is generally not entirely clear on what basis such a component was classified as effective means against flu and colds. Nevertheless, the drug is actively sold and enjoys traditional popularity, including in our country. Needless to say, this kind of drugs is an obvious example of the use by clever businessmen of the self-hypnosis effect (placebo effect) characteristic of people.

Antiviral drugs for influenza and ARVI - benefit or harm?

In our country, the number of respiratory diseases is especially high, given cold climate, long winter and off-season. All this creates a demand for drugs for colds and flu. Of course, pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot ignore such a potentially huge market. And they fill it with drugs of sometimes dubious quality and of questionable effectiveness, promoting them with the help of aggressive advertising, claiming that the best drug today is precisely this this remedy and nothing else. Currently, a person who comes to a pharmacy, as a rule, has no difficulty in choosing antiviral drugs. There are a lot of them, for every taste, and among them there are many drugs that are affordable. But, as you know, free cheese only comes in a mousetrap.

As shown above, there are no ideal antiviral drugs. Interferon drugs have many side effects, and these are of a kind that may appear later long time. Nowadays, more and more information is accumulating that their regular use increases the risk of autoimmune diseases - lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, insulin-dependent diabetes and even oncological diseases. Particular caution should be exercised by those patients who have relatives suffering from autoimmune diseases. Also, drugs of this type should be used with caution when treating children.

In addition, drugs containing interferon can cause severe allergic reactions. In addition, their effectiveness is highly questionable. In principle, the same can be said about antiviral immunostimulants. It is worth noting that in most Western countries similar drugs are practically not used. The concept of treatment of respiratory diseases widespread there recognizes only etiotropic or symptomatic treatment, A antiviral immunomodulators are prescribed to patients only in exceptional cases.

As for etiotropic drugs, they also cannot be called an ideal choice. Although they have much more evidence base, however, their effectiveness is often greatly exaggerated due to advertising by manufacturers. In addition, such old drugs as rimantadine have already lost a significant share of their effectiveness due to education huge amount strains of viruses resistant to their action.

Neuramidase inhibitors appear to be most effective. However, they are highly toxic and have a limited spectrum of action, covering only influenza viruses. Therefore, given that they are most effective in the first days after the onset of the disease, they can be used only when there is complete confidence that the disease is caused by the influenza virus and not by something else. And needless to say, at the onset of the disease it is usually not possible to determine the type of pathogen. IN otherwise Using these drugs will simply be a waste of money. By the way, this type of drug cannot be called cheap.

The only way to combat viral infections with antiviral drugs that has minimal side effects is vaccination. However, it cannot be considered a panacea. It has some limitations, since there are a huge number of flu strains and it is absolutely impossible to come up with a vaccine that would be effective against everyone. To some extent, however, this is compensated by the fact that the biological material contained in vaccines is constantly updated.

Therefore, one should think about whether it is worth using this kind of treatment at all, which can bring more problems than the disease itself. It should be noted that most people underestimate the strength of their own immunity. Compliance simple rules – bed rest, abundant warm drink, taking vitamins and a proper diet in most cases puts a person on his feet in about the same time as treatment with newfangled antiviral drugs. Their use may still be justified for influenza with high fever, but the use of the same immunomodulators in the treatment of ARVI is not recommended at all.

Also, do not overuse symptomatic remedies. After all, the same high temperature is the body’s protective reaction to the invasion of viruses and bacteria. At high temperature The production of interferons increases, making the body's cells immune to viral infection. By artificially lowering the temperature, we actually prevent the body from fighting infection. Therefore, you should not lower the temperature, but at least, if it does not cross the critical mark of +39º degrees.

The situation is further complicated by the peculiarities of our mentality. It is no secret that many people, faced with acute respiratory infections and flu, do not strive to be cured, but simply to quickly return to their lives. ordinary life, go to work, etc. This not only leads to the fact that everyone around them becomes infected, but also to the fact that as a result the person does not treat the disease, which becomes chronic. A cold carried on the legs has a much more bad influence on the body than refusing to take antiviral medications.

However, most people understand that this behavior is not correct, but resort to another, seemingly more correct, remedy - swallowing packs of antiviral agents. And at the same time, it seems that he is really getting better, but at the same time he is destroying his body. Meanwhile, it’s worth thinking about the fact that health is much more valuable than a couple of extra days spent on sick leave.

Of course, these tips are suitable for people with healthy immunity. However, not everyone can boast of it. Nowadays there are many people whose immunity is weakened. In them, the disease may drag on, which ultimately threatens various complications. In this case, reception antiviral tablets acquitted. However, the fact of having a weakened immune system should be established not on the basis of individual sensations - I have a runny nose every month, which means I need to buy drugs with interferons or immunomodulators, but on the basis of thorough research into the state of the immune system. The selection of antiviral drugs must also be careful. The doctor should advise which one is best suited in a particular case. The drug must be used in accordance with its recommendations and instructions.

And, of course, treatment with these drugs should not be perceived as natural. Having been cured once with the help of antiviral drugs, you should not rely on the fact that miracle drugs will help get rid of the disease the next time. Measures should be taken to strengthen the immune system. There are quite a few natural ways to do this - hardening, regular walks in the fresh air, proper nutrition and daily routine, proper rest, exercise physical culture and sports.

Also, measures aimed at preventing diseases should not be ignored. It should be borne in mind that influenza and ARVI viruses are quite resistant to unfavorable factors and can exist in the external environment for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly carry out hygiene procedures, especially during periods of increased morbidity - regularly rinse your mouth and rinse the nasal cavity, avoid communicating with patients with respiratory diseases. Chronic diseases should also be treated promptly, since it is well known that viruses multiply most intensively in the body, weakened by the fight against chronic diseases. Well, of course, you should get rid of bad habits. After all, it is well known that smoking significantly weakens the immune forces of the tissues of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, including viral ones.

British doctors have made a funny video about how to wash your hands properly. Video: washyourhands.org.uk

How to wash your hands correctly

It is also necessary to consider that starting antiviral therapy medicines necessary as early as possible, at the first signs of the disease. Otherwise, the treatment will not be effective.

In addition, before starting treatment with antiviral drugs, you should ensure that respiratory disease actually caused by viruses, not bacteria. Otherwise, antiviral therapy will be completely useless.

Popular antivirus products, type

Winter, which is coming into its own, is associated not only with fun sledding and skiing, but also with epidemics of influenza and various colds. But today there are simple and reliable methods to avoid unpleasant ailments. In order not to join the ranks of those who sneeze, it is recommended to use medicines that perfectly eliminate viruses to prevent flu and colds.

The ointment is applied to cotton swab, which is used to lubricate the nasal mucosa. The product is purely preventive. It does not have the necessary therapeutic effect.

The drug "Aflubin"

This is an excellent homeopathic remedy that effectively relieves cold and flu symptoms. Its use is allowed at any age. It’s just important to follow the required dosages.

The taste of the drug is not very pleasant. Therefore, it can be diluted in tea or water required amount drops

This product has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, and antipyretic properties. It is recommended to use the medicine at the first signs of illness.

The drug "Interferon"

The product is available in ampoules. Like some of the medications described above for the prevention of flu and colds in children, this remedy can be used from birth.

Before use, you must prepare a solution. Boiled cooled water (about 2 ml) is added to the open ampoule up to a special mark. The resulting drug is placed in the child’s nose.

Means "Grippferon"

The basis of the drug is the “Interferon” described above. The product is completely ready for use. There is no need to dilute it. The medicine is stored strictly in the refrigerator. It is also allowed for use from birth.

The concentration of the Interferon substance in the bottle is slightly higher than in the self-prepared solution described above. Therefore, babies up to one year old are instilled no more than 5 times a day.

The drug "Arbidol"

For the prevention of flu and colds, medications for children under 3 years of age are used not only those described above. The drug "Arbidol" is effective. However, it should be remembered that the product can only be used from 2 years of age.

The drug perfectly strengthens the immune system. It helps increase the child’s body’s resistance to many viral diseases. The medicine has proven itself well as a prophylactic agent.

How can pregnant women protect themselves from the disease?

The immunity of a woman preparing to become a mother is weakened. Therefore, she is more likely to catch a cold or contract the flu. Sometimes doctors recommend vaccination before an epidemic as a preventive measure. But on early stages she is undesirable.

A pregnant woman should direct all her strength to strengthening the body and increasing immunity. It is recommended to consume a lot of vegetables and fruits, fresh juices. Doctors advise eating a clove of garlic or a little green onion.

It is useful to use for preventive purposes vitamin teas herbal, fruit drinks, compotes. It is recommended to choose rose hips, cranberries, viburnum, and currants. Tea with lemon is beneficial. Eating citrus fruits is effective.

What medications can be used to prevent flu and colds? Most of the products are prohibited for pregnant women. During an epidemic, before leaving home, it is recommended to lubricate the mucous membrane with “Oxolinic” ointment. You can drip your nose with Interferon. Before going to bed, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with Calendula or Eucalyptus tincture.

In addition, it is important for all family members, during an epidemic, to take appropriate medications for preventive purposes.

Conclusion

During cold and damp weather, anyone becomes extremely vulnerable to viruses that cause colds. In addition, the flu can be not only unpleasant illness, knocking you out of the usual rhythm of life, but also quite dangerous phenomenon. Sometimes he leaves behind various complications. Therefore, during an epidemic, you should protect your body as much as possible from illnesses. Take high-quality, effective medications. In this case, you are provided with excellent protection against viruses.

Flu is an airborne viral infection. Medication measures for the prevention and treatment of influenza:

• Vaccination ( specific prevention) – effective method during epidemics. Helps reduce morbidity, complications and mortality.
• Chemotherapy drugs are used to prevent influenza. Many of them are used as treatment.

Flu prevention products

The following drugs have contraindications; consultation with a specialist is required.

1. The first barrier to infection is. There are medications to increase the immunity of mucosal cells:

• and infagel - lubricate the nasal passages twice a day.
• and interferon - in the form of nasal drops.

Eleutherococcus extract and multivitamins enhance the functioning of the central nervous system and stimulate overall resistance.

To enhance effectiveness, it is recommended to combine anti-flu drugs with the rules personal protection and hygiene: avoid contact with sick people, use a mask, wash your hands, regularly ventilate the room, correct image life (no bad habits, physical activity, nutrition).