Viral herpes symptoms. Diagnosis of the disease - the earlier, the better. It's time to move on to the story about the treatment of herpes...

Are you wondering what herpes is? In short, herpes is a virus that develops a viral infection in the human body, causing a number of diseases. There are more than two hundred strains of herpes that are very poorly studied, but eight of them have been found in specific diseases, so we can study them and try to fight them. The herpes virus is incurable, but it can be suppressed. Below we will look in detail at what the herpes virus is, what symptoms it causes and how it is treated in the modern world.

Herpes is a viral infection that got its name for the symptoms of a blistering rash, similar to a creeping substance and affecting the skin. In Greek, herpes means “creeping,” or a disease that spreads across the skin.

Herpes viruses can live in both humans and animals. Strains that treat exclusively humans as carriers are called human herpes viruses. Any strain of herpes, entering the body, goes into a latent form and cannot be cured completely. It is located in the nerve ganglia and constantly multiplies. During this time, the immune system produces antibodies to maintain balance in the body. If the immune system weakens, a relapse of the disease will occur and the herpes virus cells will begin to crawl out.

Almost all people living in the civilized world become infected with herpes in early childhood. The most common way a herpes infection enters the human body is through airborne droplets or infection through saliva, usually from mother to child. After this, infection occurs with the herpes simplex virus, which first causes and then becomes chronic. Frequent infection also occurs through the placenta from the pregnant woman to the fetus or during childbirth, when the child passes through the birth canal.

If a person has never had a herpes infection as a child or adult, this does not mean that herpes is not present in the body. People with a good immune system may never encounter herpes symptoms at all in their lives. To make sure that the herpes virus is present in most people, laboratory testing should be done, and almost always, even if a person has not had symptoms, tests will show the presence of viral DNA in the blood.

About the types of herpesvirus

The human herpes virus (HHV) has eight strains that have been more or less studied, let's talk about them in more detail.

HSV type 1. Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the most common in the form of manifestations. It gives symptoms in different areas of the skin - it causes, manifests itself in the form of ophthalmoherpes () and in other areas of the body. Often HSV type 1 breaks out on the hands or face in different parts, affecting the facial nerve.
HSV type 2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 usually manifests itself in the groin or genital area, but genital herpes is not always caused by the presence of HSV type 2 in the blood, since HSV type 1 can also be triggered. And the herpes simplex virus type 2, in turn, can affect absolutely any area of the skin, but more often it appears on the genitals.
Varicella zoster. This is the third type of herpes virus. This strain causes two diseases. During primary infection, as a rule, in childhood, it is the cause of chickenpox, which is usually called “chickenpox”. And when the disease relapses, after the chronic course of the disease worsens in adulthood, Varicella zoster calls out, it is also called “herpes zoster”.
Epstein-barr virus. The fourth type of herpes virus. Causes many diseases, the most common of which is.
Cytomegalovirus. This is the fifth type of herpes virus. Causes cytomegalovirus infection, and the vast majority of people on the planet are carriers of this virus. In severe cases, the disease affects internal organs and can be fatal.
Human herpes viruses type six. There are two of them - 6A and 6B. 6A often causes multiple sclerosis, and 6B is the causative agent of roseola infantile. These are the most common manifestations, but they also cause other diseases.
Herpes virus type 7. It was discovered not so long ago compared to the above strains. Often works in conjunction with the sixth type. It has been found in a number of diseases, such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), pityriasis rosea, pneumonia and other diseases.
Herpes virus type 8. This virus is associated with a disease such as Kaposi's sarcoma. But, in addition to Kaposi's sarcoma, it can cause primary lymphomas and Castleman's disease.

This is a brief description of viruses; they have their own symptoms and treatment methods. We described the types of herpesvirus in more detail in the article - types of herpes.

Herpes symptoms

There are various general symptoms when a herpetic infection manifests itself. With some strains of the herpes virus, general health may be stable, while with some, on the contrary, there may be no external signs. Let's touch only on the most striking and common signs of the herpes virus.

In most cases, the manifestation of symptoms is expressed in the form of the following signs:

there is itching and burning, pain in some places;
after, small vesicles appear;
then the vesicles burst and form a large bubble;
then they begin to dry out and gradually heal.

This is what the symptoms of HSV types 1 and 2 look like. Chickenpox also develops a rash that is easy to overcome, but with shingles there are also symptoms of a neuralgic nature. And it does not give symptoms of a skin rash at all, but with infantile roseola, the child can be covered with rashes almost all over.

If we talk about the symptoms of herpes, you need to understand that different strains of the virus can give symptoms that are completely different from each other. To study in detail the symptoms of a particular strain of herpes virus or the disease caused by it, you need to refer to the appropriate sources.

Treatment of herpes

We have already found out that it is completely impossible to cure the virus due to the specific nature of its camouflage in hard-to-reach places. All that can be done is to constantly control the reproduction of the virus with the help of immunity. But when the body’s protective functions are weakened, it is possible to influence the herpesvirus with the help of antiviral agents.

There are several drugs that contain active substances to combat herpesvirus. Let's list them below:

Acyclovir. This is the most famous drug that was not discovered as an antiviral agent, namely as an antiherpetic agent. There are many analogues that are called differently, but contain the same acyclovir, for example, Zovirax. There are three forms of this medicine - ointment, tablets and injections.
Famciclovir. It fights quite well against the herpes zoster virus strain and both types of HSV. In some people, the virus is resistant to Acyclovir, and the drug no longer fights herpes. In this case, it makes sense to use Famciclovir.
Valaciclovir. More effective than Acyclovir. It very quickly suppresses the activity of the virus and eliminates the patient’s symptoms. Prevents herpes from being transmitted through contact and household contacts to other people.

These are the most well-known and frequently used drugs to combat herpes infection. But there are many more of them. In addition to antiviral drugs, support for the immune system is also necessary in the form of taking immunomodulatory drugs, for example, Cycloferon.

Some strains cause diseases that can be treated without the use of these drugs, since the treatment becomes the responsibility of a completely different environment of the affected areas. For example, with infectious mononucleosis, first of all it is necessary to pay attention to the symptoms of the disease, which manifest themselves in the form of fever, enlarged liver or spleen, and sore throat.

To summarize, it is worth noting that the symptoms and treatment of herpes differ not only from its types, but also from the form of the disease. With primary infection, the symptoms may be more aggressive, and with frequent relapses, more moderate symptoms are possible, but difficult treatment. Most people suffer from the herpes simplex virus, and when diseases occur that are associated with other strains of this virus, people, even after treatment, do not suspect that their disease was caused by a herpes virus.

How to treat herpes that suddenly appears on the lips or other parts of the body? Various medications sold in pharmacies will help get rid of this disease. Traditional medicine does not lag behind traditional medicine: homeopaths and healers have many remedies in their arsenal that can help a patient solve his problem. In order to give the disease a worthy rebuff, it is necessary to become familiar with the features of its occurrence and course.

Description of herpes type 1

Only a doctor should select antiviral drugs for herpes for a patient.

Each of the remedies described above has its own characteristics of use and contraindications, so their use without the advice of a specialist may lead to a deterioration in a person’s condition and the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Treatment of herpes with antiviral drugs should be approached with great caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding, elderly people and patients diagnosed with chronic diseases.

During treatment with antiviral drugs, experts often recommend that patients take vitamins C and E for one to two weeks. They will help strengthen the immune system, which plays an important role in the fight against herpes.

But you should not try to get rid of the manifestations of infection with the help of antibiotics, since they have no effect on viruses.

Other medications for infection

Today it is widely used to get rid of colds on the lips. Having appeared in pharmacies relatively recently, it has become a favorite remedy for many people suffering from this disease. It contains antiviral components that inhibit the activity of herpes and accelerate the healing time of wounds.

It quickly relieves pain, burning and itching, allowing a person to more easily survive a relapse of the disease. It is recommended to apply such a patch to the problem area of the skin as soon as the first rash appears on it.

The main advantage of the patch is that it isolates herpes cells, preventing them from spreading to healthy areas of the skin, and prevents healthy family members from contracting the infection.

Women can use this antiherpetic agent under makeup: foundation, lipstick or lip gloss can be applied on top of it. The patch can only be used for herpes on the lips. This method is not suitable for treating rashes localized on the eyelids, mucous membranes or genitals.

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To suppress exacerbations of genital herpes, vaginal (for women) and rectal (for men and children) suppositories are used, which have antiviral and immunostimulating effects. The most common of them are Panavir, Viferon, Genferon, Galavit. When inserted into the vagina or anus, the suppositories quickly melt under the influence of body temperature, and their main components penetrate into the surrounding tissue, blocking the activity of multiplying herpes cells and enhancing local immunity. In addition, the use of suppositories can quickly relieve pain, itching and rashes on virus-affected areas of the body.

Among the latest developments of Russian scientists is the Polymodulator - a special concentrated liquid charged with the energy of a physical vacuum and, according to its creators, helps to cure almost all diseases known to mankind. The use of Polymodulator for herpes helps restore the body's natural defenses, as a result of which the spread of virus cells is suppressed and relapses of the disease in the future stop. Some skeptics argue that the action of Polymodulator is based on the placebo effect, but its creators are confident that their invention is the best cure for herpes and other diseases.

Traditional medicine recipes for herpes

Herpes can be treated not only with the achievements of modern medical science, but also with folk methods.

At the first manifestations of a cold on the lips, it is recommended to lubricate it with Valocordin or Validol. By repeating the procedure several times a day, you can ensure that the wound dries out and heals quickly.
Itchy blisters on the lips and other parts of the body are advised by traditional healers to be thoroughly lubricated with earwax. 2-3 procedures are enough for the active phase of the disease to recede and the resulting wounds to crust over.
You can get rid of herpes simplex by applying freshly squeezed Kalanchoe juice to the rash several times a day.
Garlic is no less effective in these cases: pass a clove through a press, place it in gauze and rub the blisters 2-3 times a day. In this case, you need to ensure that there is no strong burning sensation at the site of inflammation.
A mixture of honey and apple cider vinegar (the ingredients should be taken in equal parts) will help dry cold rashes on the lip. It is recommended to lubricate the wounds with the resulting solution 3 times a day until they disappear completely.
The initial stage of herpes simplex can be successfully treated with lemon balm essential oil. The product is applied to the redness that appears every 2 hours until it disappears.

There are many known varieties of the herpes virus, eight of which can cause various human diseases.

It has been established that 90% of the world's population is infected with this virus (latent infection). This virus is endowed with a remarkable ability to survive in body tissues for a long time. Some types of this virus can be present for life in the sensory ganglia of the spinal cord. However, not everyone develops a latent infection into an active one. Factors facilitating this transition are decreased immunity, chronic stress, exacerbation of chronic diseases, hypovitaminosis, dysfunction of the endocrine glands and metabolism in the body, and environmental pollution.

Unconventional methods of treating herpes

Alternative medicine offers methods of balanced and effective herpes treatment as infections that are based on increasing the body's defenses and increasing the body's resistance to factors that cause activation of latent infection. Medicines used in alternative medicine, in addition to the microelements and vitamins strictly necessary for the human body, also contain natural, unchanged biologically active substances that have a complex positive effect on the entire metabolic system of the body. It is worth noting that normalization of metabolic processes is the key to success in the treatment of any disease, since a disease is nothing more than a violation of these processes.

Traditional methods of treating herpes as an infection

Traditional methods of treating this virus as an infection are aimed at achieving several goals:

Preventing the virus from entering the body;
Destruction of herpes already present in the body using antiviral agents;
Prevention of reinfection using different types of vaccines;
Stimulation of the body's defenses: immunostimulants, interferons;
Local treatment of viral lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and nerve trunks.

Preventing the virus from entering the body. Taking into account the fact that one of the mechanisms of transmission of the virus is the contact mechanism (that is, through physical contact with an infected person), personal protective equipment plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of the development of the virus. One of the routes of transmission is sexual intercourse, in this case herpes is a typical sexually transmitted infection. To prevent infection during sexual intercourse, it is recommended to use personal protective equipment (for example, a condom). However, even if unprotected sexual contact has occurred, the risk of contracting this virus is significantly reduced by using personal hygiene products.

Destroying the virus present in the body. For this purpose, various antiviral drugs are used. In Europe and the USA, three drugs are used in the treatment of herpes infection: acyclovir, Valtrex and Famvir, which selectively block the process of viral DNA replication and the multiplication of viral particles.

These drugs are available in tablet form for systemic treatment of herpes and in the form of creams for local use on affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes.

These drugs are used occasionally if exacerbation of the disease occurs no more than 6 times a year. Early use of antiviral drugs can significantly reduce local damage to the skin and mucous membranes, reduce itching and irritation. Late use (with formed lesions), as a rule, does not have a significant effect on the course of the disease. When using ointments with antiviral drugs, you should avoid applying them with your hands to prevent the possibility of dissemination (spread) of infection to healthy areas of the skin and mucous membranes (for example, the cornea).

With frequent exacerbations of this viral infection (more than 6 outbreaks per year), suppressive therapy using systemic drugs is prescribed. The mechanism of action of these drugs provides for their effectiveness only in the event of activation of a viral infection. Thus, systematic use of these drugs over several months can significantly reduce the risk of a new outbreak of the disease. Drugs in this group have virtually no effect on the function of the internal organs of the body and are excreted in urine and feces. They also do not have any effect on the intestinal microflora. In rare cases, with systematic use of acyclovir, diffuse hair loss is observed. In such cases, the use of the drug is stopped.

Preventing re-infection with herpes. In the case of this infection, the use of vaccines is limited by their low effectiveness. Vaccination is justified only in cases of seasonal exacerbation of herpes infection, to improve the body’s immune status, as well as in the treatment of chronic, often recurrent forms.

Stimulation of the body's defenses. For this purpose, various drugs are prescribed that normalize metabolism in the body, as well as stimulate the immune response to infection entering the body.

Vitamin therapy. For various forms of herpes infection, vitamins A, B, E, ascorbic acid, and rutin are prescribed. The use of vitamins is effective only in the case of real hypovitaminosis. Vitamins are usually prescribed for preventive purposes in the spring and winter.
Interferons are biologically active substances with a pronounced antiviral effect. Interferons are used locally, in the form of water compresses, on the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes.
Nonspecific immunostimulants. Such medicines include extracts of ginseng, Echinocea purpurea, and cordyceps is especially effective. They should be used together with vitamin preparations during the period of seasonal decrease in immunity.

Local treatment of foci of viral damage to the skin and mucous membranes involves, as mentioned above, the use of ointments containing antiviral drugs. Skin lesions are usually very painful, but practically not dangerous to the patient’s health, while lesions of the cornea of the eye do not cause either pain or severe irritation (only slight redness of the membranes of the eye may be present), but can lead to irreversible visual impairment in just a few days. Therefore, if there is a focus of this virus of any location, you should carefully monitor the condition of your eyes and, if the slightest symptoms of inflammation appear, immediately contact an ophthalmologist.

To reduce the local inflammatory process, ointments containing hormonal anti-inflammatory substances (glucocorticoids) can be prescribed.

In some cases, the contents of the blisters that appear on the skin as a result of the activity of this virus can become infected with bacteria. The contents of the vesicles change from transparent to cloudy, purulent, and mixed with blood. In such cases, the use of local antibacterial drugs is justified - ointments containing chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc.

Treatment of damage to nerve trunks with herpes zoster(as a rule, such a lesion is accompanied by severe pain) includes the use of physiotherapeutic procedures: microwave irradiation, paravertebral ultrasound irradiation, UV irradiation, electrophoresis with novocaine, etc.

Prevention of herpes

Means of preventing this virus come down to preventing the virus from entering the body and eliminating factors that contribute to the reactivation of herpes infection. Protection against the virus entering the body is especially important for people who did not have chickenpox in childhood.

During periods of decreased immunity (spring-winter, colds, exacerbation of chronic diseases), the use of vitamins and agents that stimulate the function of the immune system is prescribed. Cordyceps and interferon can be used for preventive purposes, especially when in contact with a patient with herpes. In this case, interferon in the form of drops is instilled into the nose 2-3 times a day.

Bibliography

Barinsky R.M., Herpesvirus infections (diagnosis and treatment), M., 1990
Sukhikh G.T., Immunity and genital herpes, M. : Publishing house NGMA, 1997
Current problems of herpesvirus infections: Sat.st. / GUVPO Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov et al. M., 2004

Herpes virus is one of the most common pathogens of infectious diseases, characterized by a predominantly latent course of clinical symptoms and a relapsing course. Activation of a herpes virus of one or another etiopathogenetic type occurs at the moment of weakening of the function of the human immune apparatus, which is clinically manifested by the appearance of pathognomonic elements of exanthema. The mucous membranes, organs of vision and external genitalia are distinguished by their tropism for the herpes virus. Perhaps every adult throughout his life has encountered the problem of an unpleasant burning sensation in the lip area, followed by the formation of liquid-containing blisters, prone to self-opening and crust formation. This is exactly the classic version of the course of the disease provoked by the herpes virus.

According to statistics from the World Association of Epidemiologists, about 90% of the world's population is infected with various strains of the herpes virus. The main category of the so-called risk for the development of infection with the herpes virus consists of women of reproductive age, in whom genital clinical forms of the disease prevail, which is the second most common sexually transmitted pathology.

The source of spread of the herpes virus is exclusively a person suffering from an active form of this pathology, during which the virion is contained in the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes. Penetration of the herpes virus of the first or second type into the body of a healthy person occurs through sexual or oral-genital contact, subject to existing damage to the epithelium of the mucous membranes of the partner. Subsequently, a large concentration of the virus accumulates in the nervous tissue and is concentrated in the nerve ganglia, where it retains signs of vital activity for a long period of time.

The predominant method of transmission of herpes viruses is contact, although epidemiologists and infectious disease specialists do not exclude the possibility of infection through airborne droplets and household contact. Separately, it should be noted the tendency of the herpes virus to overcome the transplacental barrier, which creates conditions for intrauterine infection of the fetus, as well as infection of the newborn child at the time of delivery. An extremely rare method of infection of the fetus is ascending, when a pregnant woman is infected with the herpes virus of the cervix with further spread into the uterine cavity.

What is the herpes virus

The pathogenesis of the development of persistent infection with the herpes virus consists of the constant formation and subsequent reproduction of “daughter” infectious virions intracellularly, with their maximum concentration in the affected cell 15 hours after the initial infection. Thus, one “mother” viral particle is capable of forming up to 100 “daughter” virions, while one ml of the contents of an intradermal vesicle contains a colossal number of viral particles.

A feature of the herpes virus is its thermal stability. Thus, inactivation of the herpes virus with its complete destruction can be achieved only after prolonged treatment at elevated temperatures of more than 50 degrees. In addition, the virion exhibits resistance to drying on hard and soft surfaces for up to 12 hours. In the human body, after primary infection, the maternal virion retains signs of vital activity throughout the person’s life, provided that they are concentrated in the nerve cells of the regional ganglia in a modified form.

A feature of various types of herpes virus is their ability to recur, which most often occurs in any stressful situations (hormonal disorders, travel, excessive ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, disruption of the human immune system).

The herpes virus poses a particular danger in the event of possible intrauterine infection of the fetus, since the pregnancy period refers to a variant of a physiological stressful situation, during which there is a natural decrease in the functioning of the woman’s immune system. Thus, the herpes virus is more often than other sexually transmitted infections recorded in women during pregnancy when tested for TORCH. Treating a pregnant woman with antiviral drugs is extremely difficult, so gynecologists recommend conducting a study to determine the activity of infection with the herpes virus at the stage of pregnancy planning.

Among the organs and tissues to which the herpes virus has tropism, one should note the visual tract, ENT organs, oral cavity organs, skin and mucous membranes, pulmonary parenchyma, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and genital organs, nervous and lymphatic structures systems. With regard to preventive measures that make it possible to effectively prevent the development of infection of the body with the herpes virus, the issues of strengthening the human immune system by following a rest and nutrition regimen, vitamin therapy and taking immunomodulatory drugs are considered.

Another feature of the herpes virus is its exclusively intracellular reproduction, which greatly complicates its inhibition by using currently known antiviral drugs. Recent developments by pharmacologists have been successful only in relation to the synthesis of the active substance, which makes it possible to suppress the reproduction of the first type of herpes virus. The basis of treatment is local preparations in the form of ointments and creams, which can alleviate the patient’s condition for a short period of time.

Herpes virus type 1

Herpes virus type 1 is referred to by infectious disease specialists as Herpes simplex virus, however, in everyday clinical practice, infectious disease specialists more often use the term “labial herpes” due to the tendency of the pathogen to damage the mucous membrane of the lips. This type of herpes virus belongs to the category of the most common, since it infects the human body after birth. When the pathogen is activated, the symptoms of herpes virus type 1 are localized in the projection of the lips, as well as the skin of the nasolabial triangle. In a situation where a person has signs of severe immunodeficiency, atypical symptoms of type 1 herpes virus may develop with damage to the mucous membranes of the genital organs, nail beds, conjunctiva of the eyes, as well as the oral and nasal cavities.

Herpes virus type 1 is neurotropic and neurovirulent, that is, it is able to infect neurons and provoke the development of clinical symptoms of neurological pathology. In addition, a feature of the pathogenesis of infection with herpes virus type 1 is its ability to inhibit phagocytosis, as one of the main links of immunity. Taking into account the above features, type 1 herpes virus is prone to long-term latent carriage with a concentration of virions in the nervous tissue, which creates conditions for the maximum possible spread in the human population.

Activation of the herpes virus type 1 in the human body with the appearance of clinical symptoms occurs up to three times a year, and the duration of the clinical picture is no more than ten days. In a situation where an infected person suffers from some form of immunodeficiency, there may be an increase in the frequency of recurrence of the infection.

Among the pathognomonic clinical manifestations of type 1 herpes virus, the appearance of vesicular lesions of the lips and conjunctiva against the background of moderate intoxication and catarrhal syndrome should be noted. In order to differentiate the patient's clinical manifestations of infection with herpes virus type 1, laboratory methods should be used to determine the type of pathogen and the clinical stage of the disease, which is based on determining the titer of specific antibodies. When prescribing a laboratory test for a patient to detect the activity of herpes virus type 1, it should be taken into account that the appearance of IgM occurs on the fifth day after infection, and IgG is determined only two weeks after the onset of the disease. The duration of circulation of IgM in the general bloodstream is three months, while IgG to the herpes virus type 1 is detected throughout life from the moment of primary infection. A special feature of IgG is its ability to cross the placental barrier. The main function of IgG is to neutralize the herpes virus type 1, and IgM acts as a provocateur of the formation of immune processes in the infected organism.

Thus, if an increased titer of specific IgG to the herpes virus type 1 is detected in the peripheral blood of an examined patient against the background of active clinical symptoms, then we can conclude that type-specific intense immunity has been formed. Determination of a low IgG titer simultaneously with a negative PCR reaction indicates a latent course of herpes infection.

The most susceptible category to the herpes virus type 1 are women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy. A particularly dangerous situation is infection with the herpes virus type 1 in the first trimester of pregnancy, since under these conditions the virus penetrates the placental barrier and provokes the development of abnormalities in the development of the structures of the nervous system of the fetus, which are sometimes incompatible with life.

Drug treatment of herpes virus type 1 is difficult for the attending physician due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs that can completely destroy all viral particles present in the human body. Preventive treatment of type 1 herpes virus is also not used, and prevention of infection is possible only if airborne and contact transmission of infection is excluded. Antibacterial drugs are not included in the complex treatment regimen for herpes virus type 1. Currently, for therapeutic purposes in relation to the treatment of patients suffering from an active form of the herpes virus type 1, antiviral drugs based on Acyclovir are used in various dosage forms (1 g per day orally in tablet form, the calculated daily dose for intravenous administration is 5 mcg per kg weight of the patient, an ointment containing acyclovir is used as local therapy). Timely administration of antiviral therapy for herpes virus type 1 can reduce the intensity and duration of clinical symptoms and reduce the number of relapses.

Herpes virus type 2

Herpes virus type 2 or Herpes simplex virus in everyday practice is called genital or anogenital herpes by infectious disease specialists and gynecologists, although the possibility of damage to other organs of the human body by this type of pathogen cannot be ruled out. The predominant method of spreading the infection is sexually, therefore the main clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 2 are localized in the anogenital area. It is noteworthy that the female half of the population of reproductive age is predominantly affected. The high level of infection of the population with type 2 herpes virus is due to the fact that specific antibodies to type 1 herpes virus do not have the proper protective effect against the second type of pathogen.

Clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 2 in 80% of cases are localized in the projection of the skin of the genitals, anus, perineum and buttocks. For this type of virus, as with herpes virus type 1, the development of an asymptomatic clinical picture is characteristic, but at the same time, relapses are observed in 75% of cases. The danger of type 2 herpes virus lies in the tendency to malignancy of cervical tissue in women and prostate parenchyma in men, and therefore, a single detection of antibodies to type 2 herpes virus is the basis for lifelong monitoring of tumor markers in the blood. In addition, gynecologists note the negative impact of the herpes virus type 2 on reproductive function, up to the development of secondary.

Laboratory immunological diagnosis of herpes virus type 2 is identical to that used to detect herpes virus type 1. Before planning a pregnancy, it is advisable to examine not only the expectant mother, but also the father of the child for infection with the herpes virus type 2 using serological tests, as well as PCR diagnostics, the material for which is sperm. The type 2 herpes virus, which is in an active state in the body of a pregnant woman, can provoke premature termination of pregnancy, polyhydramnios, as well as the development of such a dangerous pathology as neonatal herpes, which in 70% of cases causes death for a newborn child.

Drug treatment of herpes virus type 2 involves the use of drugs with proven antiviral activity (Acyclovir). In addition, it is preferable to use combined treatment of herpes virus type 2 with the prescription of immunocorrective medications (multivitamin complexes, herbal adaptogens).

Herpes virus type 3

Herpes virus type 3, or Varicella-zoster, is referred to by infectious disease specialists as the herpes zoster virus, and the predominant modes of its spread are airborne and household contact. When infected in childhood, the herpes virus type 3 provokes the development of clinical symptoms, after which a lifelong carrier of the virus is formed in the body with a concentration of viral particles in the nerve tissues. Recurrent symptoms of herpes virus type 3 manifest themselves in the form of a disease called.

Clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 3 in pediatric practice are favorable and their duration does not exceed two months. The main pathognomonic symptoms of herpes virus type 3 in this situation are manifested by intense, the appearance of vesicles on the skin, including the scalp, and a pronounced intoxication syndrome at the onset of the disease.

Activation of the herpes virus type 3 in adulthood provokes the appearance of a typical vesicular rash localized along the nerve trunks. The appearance of exanthema is accompanied by the development of intense pain along the nerve trunks, lasting up to two weeks, fever and severe intoxication syndrome. The healing process of the rash elements is accompanied by the development of moderately pronounced intradermal cicatricial changes. The disappearance of the clinical symptoms of herpes zoster is accompanied by the accumulation of viral particles in the nervous tissue and its presence in a latent state throughout life. Epidemiologists consider herpes virus type 3 as a frequently recurrent infectious pathology.

The complicated course of herpes type 3 is manifested by ganglionitis or ganglioneuritis. In addition, this category of patients has a tendency to develop allergic reactions, skin ulcers, conjunctivitis, etc. The recurrent course of herpes virus type 3 is observed with a decrease in the function of the human immune system.

Treatment of herpes virus type 3 should be carried out exclusively in a neurological hospital with subsequent follow-up of the patient by a neurologist. Unfortunately, antiviral treatment for type 3 herpes has not yet been developed, so complex therapy includes symptomatic medications, the use of which is intended to improve the patient’s condition.

Herpes virus type 4

Herpes virus type 4 or Epstein-Barr virus is a provocateur of the development of such infectious pathology as. Symptoms of herpes virus type 4 usually debut when the function of the human immune system decreases, which can be observed in various conditions.

The predominant localization of pathomorphological changes in infectious mononucleosis is the surface of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, lymphatic collectors, liver and spleen parenchyma. In the initial stage of the disease, the symptoms of herpes virus type 4 occur in the form of an increase in body temperature and the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells in the blood. The main risk category for infection with herpes virus type 4 are adolescents, and the only possible method of infection is airborne droplets. Infection with herpes virus type 4 is characterized by a long incubation period of the pathogen, which can reach two months.

The debut of clinical manifestations of herpes virus type 4 consists in the appearance in a person of a sharp pyretic reaction, intoxication symptoms in the form of headache, weakness, myalgia, followed by an increase in catarrhal phenomena localized in the oropharynx and nasopharynx.

Among the diagnostic measures that make it possible to reliably verify type 4 herpes virus, PCR analysis that detects the DNA of the virus should be considered. Treatment of herpes virus type 4 should be comprehensive and supervised by specialists of various medical profiles. The main drug treatment for herpes virus type 4 consists of drugs whose action is aimed at normalizing the function of the patient’s immune system, as well as pathogenetic drugs (hepatoprotectors, detoxification and hyposensitizing drugs). It should be taken into account that the lack of timely drug correction is fraught with malignancy of the process and the development of Burkitt's lymphoma.

Herpes virus type 5

Herpes virus type 5, called cytomegalovirus, extremely rarely provokes the development of an active clinical picture of the disease; in most situations, an infected person develops a lifelong carrier of the virus. Among the possible methods of transmission of herpes virus type 5, epidemiologists allow airborne, contact and transplacental methods. Laboratory diagnosis of herpes virus type 5 is not difficult and consists of detecting atypical cells in the blood - cytomegal cells.

Clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 5 develop against the background of a weakening of the function of the human immune system after the end of the incubation period of the virus, the duration of which can reach two months. In the initial period of the disease, the symptoms of herpes virus type 5 can simulate the development of a banal respiratory viral infection and consist of the appearance of a febrile reaction, pain in the head and posterior wall of the pharynx without visual damage to the pharyngeal tonsils and a reaction from the lymph nodes.

Separately, mention should be made of the negative impact of herpes virus type 5 on the course of pregnancy, since this type of pathogen freely overcomes the transplacental barrier and provokes the formation of gross anomalies in fetal development, including the development of miscarriage and stillbirth. Herpes virus type 5 causes the development of brain development abnormalities and intellectual and mental disorders in a newborn child, which significantly aggravates the course of the disease.

Verification of the diagnosis of “herpes virus type 5” becomes possible only after a comprehensive examination of the patient (ultrasound examination of a woman during pregnancy, viroscopy using an electron microscope and PCR diagnostics). Serological diagnostic methods, which involve determining the titer of specific antiviral antibodies in the blood serum of an infected person, are also of retrospective importance.

It is preferable to start treatment of herpes virus type 5 during pregnancy planning. In case of late verification of the diagnosis, antiviral treatment of herpes virus type 5 in a pregnant woman is determined by a gynecologist together with an infectious disease specialist after laboratory determination of the activity of the infectious process. A situation in which a woman’s primary infection occurs after conception is grounds for premature medical termination of pregnancy.

The main therapy for herpes virus type 5 consists of the use of general strengthening vitamin therapy, immunomodulatory agents, as well as symptomatic drugs.

Herpes virus type 6

Herpes virus type 6 is the main etiological factor in the development of multiple sclerosis in humans, which has a multifactorial, autoimmune nature and a predominant localization of the pathological process in the structures of the central nervous system. Clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 6 in this situation debut at a young age. The pathogenesis of the development of multiple sclerosis, as a clinical reflection of infection with herpes virus type 6, is based on the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the nervous tissue, with the maximum severity of pathomorphological processes in the myelin layers of the brain and the subsequent development of dystrophic processes in the nervous tissue.

Treatment of herpes virus type 6 is mandatory, since prolonged infection of the human body with signs of activity inevitably provokes the development of a persistent health disorder leading to disability. Manifestations of herpes virus type 6 in the primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis tend to gradually and steadily increase in intensity without periods of subsidence of the pathological process. With a relapsing-remitting course, the symptoms of herpes virus type 6 gradually increase and also gradually stop, and in some patients, periods of remission can be quite long.

Early clinical signs of herpes virus type 6 include unmotivated weakness, increased fatigue, a tendency to, coordination disorders, moderate-severe disturbances of all types of sensitivity. In the later stages of the disease, a person experiences the development of impaired cognitive function, psycho-emotional instability, decreased visual acuity, articulation disorders, progressive dysphagia, increased convulsive readiness, and an increase in the threshold of pain sensitivity. A distinctive feature of herpes virus type 6 is its tendency to develop polymorphic clinical symptoms.

Drug treatment of herpes virus type 6 involves the use of various groups of drugs, the action of which is aimed at various parts of the pathogenesis of the development of this infectious pathology. Thus, treatment of herpes virus type 6 with glucocorticosteroid drugs is the fundamental principle of management of this category of patients (Prednisolone in a daily dose of 20 mg orally). In addition, complex therapy for herpes virus type 6 should include proteolysis inhibitors, immunomodulators (Copaxone 20 mg subcutaneously), intravenous administration of immunoglobulin (Sandoglobulin at a calculated daily dose of 0.2 g per kg of patient weight).

Herpes virus type 7

Symptoms of herpes virus type 7 are often combined with manifestations of a similar pathogen type 6 and are manifested by the development, and is also one of the provocative factors in the development of oncopathology of lymphoid tissue.

Clinical symptoms of herpes virus type 7 can debut at any time, even against the background of normal function of the human immune system, and are manifested by the development of unmotivated weakness, increased nervousness, excessive suspiciousness and a tendency to depression.

For a long time, an infected person experiences low-grade fever and insomnia, and an objective examination of the patient reveals various groups of lymph nodes. These nonspecific symptoms of herpes virus type 7 do not allow reliably verifying the diagnosis at the pre-laboratory stage. As additional diagnostic measures for herpes virus type 7, a polymerase chain reaction should be used to detect the genetic apparatus of the virus, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the increase in IgG titer. When analyzing the patient’s immunogram, a decrease in the T-killer count is determined against the background of an increase in circulating immune complexes.

Drug treatment of herpes virus type 7 does not differ in principles from the treatment of other types of this virus. Unfortunately, antiviral treatment for herpes virus type 7 is used not so much to inhibit the activity of the virus, but to improve the functioning of the patient’s immune system. Specific prevention of herpes virus type 7 is currently not carried out due to the lack of an effective antiherpetic vaccine.

Herpes virus type 8

Verification of herpes virus type 8 was carried out relatively recently and, at the same time, its negative effect on the function of lymphocytes was proven. For a long period of time, the herpes virus type 8 retains signs of vital activity in the body of an infected person, however, for its activation, a necessary condition is a decrease in the function of the patient’s immune system. Both individuals suffering from an active clinical form of the disease and virus carriers can act as a source of spread of herpes virus type 8. This type of pathogen is characterized by various methods of transmission of infection in the form of sexual, airborne, transplacental and intrapartum infection. The positive fact is that even after transmission of the virus from mother to fetus, the symptoms of herpes virus type 8 in the child practically do not appear. The main risk group for the development of clinically active forms of the disease are people suffering from a persistent decrease in the functioning of the immune system (HIV-infected patients, patients after transplantation and radiation therapy).

The symptoms of herpes virus type 8 are varied and fit into the clinical picture of Castellani's disease. Herpes virus type 8, manifested by Kaposi's sarcoma, is a systemic oncopathology, the clinical markers of which are the appearance of intradermal neoplasms spreading to internal organs of vascular origin.

The classic variant of the course of herpes virus type 8 manifests itself mainly among the elderly male half of humanity. The primary localization of the pathological process is noted on the skin of the lower extremities in the form of the formation of numerous spots and nodules of a symmetrical nature. In some patients, in addition to nodules, there is the formation of large intradermal plaques of a polycyclic form of a dark red color, which do not have clear boundaries and do not cause discomfort or pain in humans.

At the stage of a pronounced clinical picture, the herpes virus type 8 is manifested by the formation of a pronounced edematous syndrome with maximum severity in the lower extremities.

Herpes virus type 8 can occur with varying degrees of increase and severity of clinical manifestations. Thus, in an acute course, the patient experiences intensive spread of intradermal tumor formations with a tendency to develop complications in the form of ulcerations, the formation of deep ulcers caused by the processes of decay of the tumor substrate. In this situation, a patient with type 8 herpes virus experiences an increase in intoxication manifestations and development. The duration of the clinical picture of the disease in this situation does not exceed six months, after which death occurs.

The majority of the infected population develops a chronic course of herpes virus type 8 with a slow progression of clinical symptoms and a pronounced effect of taking antiviral drug therapy.

With the endemic type of Kaposi's sarcoma, the provocateur of which is the herpes virus type 8, both fulminant and chronic clinical symptoms can develop. Fulminant herpes virus type 8 is more common in pediatric practice in the territories of Central Africa and its distinctive features are the rapid progression of growth of the tumor substrate, extensive damage to the lymph nodes, as well as internal organs, and the skin manifestations of the disease are minimally expressed. The mortality rate is 80%-90% and occurs on average three months after the onset of the disease.

Against the background of prolonged use of immunosuppressants, which most often occurs in the convalescent period after organ transplantation, there is a risk of developing an immunosuppressive type of herpes virus type 8, the course of which is usually favorable. In this situation, specific antiviral treatment for herpes virus type 8 is not used, and the clinical signs of the disease self-limit after stopping the medications.

Diagnosis of herpes virus type 8, which occurs in the form of Kaposi's sarcoma, is usually not difficult for an experienced specialist, even with an initial objective examination. The maximum reliability is achieved by histological examination of samples of tumor substrate on the skin. To carry out a differential diagnosis with HIV infection, a patient suffering from herpes virus type 8 in the form of Kaposi's sarcoma should undergo an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which involves determining the concentration of specific antibodies in the blood serum. A technique such as the polymerase chain reaction, which allows one to determine the presence of the genetic apparatus of viruses in the human body, has 99% reliability in identifying the herpes virus type 8. As instrumental diagnostic methods aimed at determining the clinical form of herpes virus type 8, puncture biopsy of the lymph node under ultrasound control is used. In order to identify damage to the internal organs by the pathological process, it is advisable to perform a computed tomography scan on the patient. If the herpes virus type 8 affects the pulmonary parenchyma and intrathoracic lymph nodes, radiography of the chest organs, bronchoscopy with biopsy should be performed.

Unfortunately, an effective treatment for herpes virus type 8, which occurs in the form of Kaposi's sarcoma, has not yet been developed, and all current treatment methods are aimed only at alleviating the patient's condition. In case of massive spread of intradermal changes, surgical treatment is not used. If the patient has a single node, either surgical resection or cryotherapy is used. The combined use of cytostatics with interferon has a good therapeutic effect against herpes virus type 8, with the exception of the immunosuppressive type of Kaposi's sarcoma. In the periods between chemotherapy, the patient is advised to undergo several courses of radiation therapy.

Herpes virus type 8, which occurs in the form of primary lymphoma of the serous membranes, also belongs to the category of oncological diseases, and its development is based on the formation of transformation of lymphocytic cells into tumor cells. This clinical form of herpes virus type 8 develops mainly in HIV-infected individuals and is manifested by the appearance of pleurisy and ascites, the contents of which are serous fluid containing tumor cells.

To establish a reliable diagnosis, a patient suffering from serous membrane lymphoma caused by herpes virus type 8 must undergo a range of diagnostic measures in the form of general clinical laboratory tests, radiation methods, instrumental diagnostics, minimally invasive laparoscopic types of imaging (puncture biopsy, laparacentesis). The material obtained after puncture of the affected cavity must be subjected to cytological and virological examination. In most situations, the laboratory technician is able to recognize specific tumor cells in the aspiration fluid.

Chemotherapy treatment of herpes virus type 8, which occurs in the form of primary lymphoma of the serous membranes, usually gives a positive result, provided it is combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy, the pharmacological effect of which is aimed at suppressing the immunodeficiency virus.

A relatively rare clinical form of herpes virus type 8 is Castleman's disease, manifested by an increase in intrathoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes with subsequent spread of the pathological process to other groups of lymphatic collectors. The most common pathogenetic type of this pathology is hyaline-vascular, which in most situations is asymptomatic. In the plasma cell type of Castleman's disease, simultaneously with damage to the mesenteric lymph nodes, the patient exhibits severe intoxication symptoms and hypergammaglobulinemia. A relatively rare pathogenetic variant of the disease is multifocal, which is characterized by systemic damage with the concentration of the pathological process in the mediastinal, intrathoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes with the subsequent development of edematous syndrome and.

Pathological changes in the lymph nodes progress slowly and are also prone to calcification. Ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopy are used as primary diagnostic measures to suspect damage to the lymph nodes by herpes virus type 8. In order to verify the pathogen that provoked the development of the above symptoms, a polymerase chain reaction should be performed. And yet, a puncture biopsy of the affected lymph node has the maximum reliability in verifying the diagnosis.

In case of systemic damage to the human body by the herpes virus type 8 involving various groups of lymph nodes, radiation therapy methods are used, while in the presence of a solitary tumor, surgical treatment is effective.

Herpes virus - which doctor will help? If you have or suspect the development of any type of herpes virus, you should immediately seek advice from doctors such as an infectious disease specialist, gynecologist, surgeon, or radiologist.

Herpes is viral in nature and is accompanied by the appearance of a specific rash. It is characterized by the presence of grouped blisters localized on the mucous membrane and skin. The virus enters the body through microcracks in the skin and mucous membranes (oropharynx, urethra, etc.), after which it penetrates the nerve nodes of the central nervous system, where it remains in a latent state.

What kind of disease is this, what are the reasons for the activation of the herpes virus in the body of an adult, symptoms and treatment methods, we will consider further in the article.

What is herpes?

Herpes is a common viral infection, the carriers of which are over 90% of the world's population. About 20% of people have various manifestations of the pathology; in the remaining patients it is asymptomatic.

Herpes manifests itself only when the body's immune system is in a weakened state. This can be facilitated by factors such as hypothermia or overheating, exposure to certain diseases, termination of pregnancy (abortion), unstable mental or physical condition, etc.

The herpes virus is resistant to cold, but dies when the temperature rises:

at a temperature of 37.5oC it collapses after 20 hours,
at 50oC – after 30 minutes.

On products:

made of metal (door handles, coins, water taps, etc.) lasts up to 2 hours,
on wood and plastic – up to 3 hours,
on damp bandages and cotton wool at room temperature – up to 6 hours.

The herpes simplex virus affects the skin and mucous membranes (most often on the face and genital area), the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis), and eyes (conjunctivitis, keratitis).

Kinds

Serological studies confirm that by the end of the 18th month of life, almost every person has been in contact with AIV-1, and the entry gate is usually the respiratory tract. After which the virus penetrates the cells of the trigeminal ganglion, but during its life it may never cause clinical manifestations of infection.

The first contact with HSV-2 usually occurs during puberty at the beginning of sexual relations. Moreover, after external manifestations, which may not exist, the virus also becomes inactive and can persist in the cells of the sacral ganglion for a long time.

Herpes type 1

The disease is designated as HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) and may be called oral or labial herpes. The typical location for this type of herpes is the lips and nasolabial triangle, and infection can occur in the first years of a child’s life.

The characteristic features of herpes simplex virus type 1 are:

development of diseases of the nervous system;
immune suppression;
damage to cells of the nervous system.

The primary form of herpes is the debut of a herpes infection, when the body has not yet developed antibodies against herpes. The primary form is characterized by an acute onset, high fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and involvement of large skin areas in the rash process. In the blood serum, a sharp increase in the titer of antibodies to the herpes virus can be observed.

The herpes simplex virus is transmitted in two ways: by contact with a sick person and by airborne droplets. Infection can occur through damaged skin, sexual contact, and even through kissing and contact with infected “material.”

Herpes virus type 2

This type of disease in question is classified as genital herpes. Both men and women suffer from it, the cause of infection is unprotected sexual contact, however, the herpes virus type 2 can “settle” in the human body even with full caution during sex.

The symptoms of the disease are as follows:

redness,
unpleasant itching,
soreness in some areas of the genital organs;
the appearance of rashes in the form of small bubbles with liquid inside;
the formation of wounds in the form of very painful ulcers;
enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area;
sometimes body temperature, fever, and weakness rise.

Type 3

The next type, the varicella zoster virus, becomes the direct cause of diseases such as shingles (a disease that is also defined as herpes zoster, its symptoms occur in both children and adults).

4 type

Herpes type 4 is better known as Epstein-Barr virus. Because of it, the body can develop infectious mononucleosis. It most often occurs in people with immunodeficiency. Infectious mononucleosis is a serious pathology characterized by damage to the mucous membranes of the mouth and lymph nodes. Statistics show that this disease is most often diagnosed in young people.

An infectious disease can be recognized by high body temperature, changes in the spleen and the chemical composition of the blood.

The incubation period of the disease lasts about a month, then symptoms appear: chills, fever, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

5 types

Herpes virus type 5 causes the disease. It is noteworthy that the symptoms of this disease are vague, the pathology occurs in a latent form, and the clinical picture begins to develop only when the immune system is weakened.

Herpes types 6, 7 and 8

Herpes virus type 6 is diagnosed in both children and adults. Due to its exposure, children develop roseola, a disease in which a characteristic rash appears on the body, which is also accompanied by an increase in temperature. The rash can appear anywhere - on the arms, on the back, on the lip, on the genitals. Herpes type 6 in adults causes the development of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Herpes type seven most often occurs due to infection with HSV-6. Due to this combination, chronic fatigue syndrome is formed in the body.
Herpes virus type 8 affects lymphocytes, but can remain in the body of absolutely healthy people for a long time. Routes of transmission of herpes virus type 8: through the placenta from mother to child during pregnancy, during organ transplantation, and can be activated during radiation therapy.

Causes

Entering the human body, the virus spreads through the blood to internal organs, penetrates nerve cells and is “integrated” into their genetic apparatus. The virus remains in the nervous tissue for life; it is impossible to get rid of it. Under unfavorable conditions, the virus is activated and causes disease (primary manifestations or relapse).

A person can become infected with herpes in the first year of life. Chicken pox, familiar to everyone, is herpes caused by the pathogen Varicella Zoster.

The vast majority of the population (up to 90%) of the planet are carriers of the herpes virus. However, not all of them develop symptoms of the disease, and not everyone requires treatment for herpes. This is due to the individual characteristics of the body. A person can be a carrier and not get herpes, which indicates strong immunity. As soon as a failure occurs in the protective system, the virus immediately manifests itself.

Among all the reasons leading to the development of the disease, the most common is neglect of personal hygiene standards. We touch many objects that contain a large number of microorganisms that cause disease.

Routes of transmission of the virus:

contact, airborne, sexual (with) and vertical (intrauterine infection of the fetus).
Infection occurs when the virus enters the mucous membranes or skin.
Intrauterine infection of the fetus can occur if a primary herpes infection develops in the mother during pregnancy.

More often it penetrates through the skin and mucous membranes during kissing, intimate intimacy with a patient or virus carrier, upon contact with infected material and by airborne droplets.

Through the skin and mucous membranes, the virus penetrates into the lymphatic system, regional lymph nodes, blood and internal organs, spreading hematogenously through the body and along nerve fibers. Accumulating in regional spinal and cranial ganglia. The herpes virus remains there for a long time in a latent state.

Herpes symptoms + photos

The incubation period for herpes is, on average, from 2 to 10 days, sometimes reaching 3 weeks. Primary symptoms are multiple blistering rashes that tend to merge. Their appearance is accompanied by unpleasant sensations: itching, severe pain.

A significant proportion of patients experience common symptoms:

weakness,
headache,
muscle pain,
increase in body temperature.

A third of women and every tenth man with primary herpes develop complications, the most severe of which is herpetic (inflammation of the meninges).

Symptoms of the herpes virus at different stages

The first stage of herpes is characterized by:

slight tingling and tingling sensations,
itching and soreness of the skin/mucous membranes.

Subsequently, problem areas turn into lesions. After some time, the tissues turn red, and the pain becomes more intense.

Stage 2

This stage manifests itself in the form of inflammation. A small bubble appears, gradually increasing in size. Its tension is noted, the base of the vesicle is filled with liquid, which is initially transparent, but becomes cloudy as the disease progresses.

Stage 3 - ulceration

The bubble bursts and a colorless liquid oozes out, filled with billions of viral particles. An ulcer forms in its place. At this moment, the sick person is very contagious, as he releases a huge amount of viral particles into the environment. Due to the soreness and sores on the face, this stage is the most annoying for people.

Stage 4 - scab formation

A crust forms over the ulcers, and if damaged, it can cause pain and bleeding.

When the process is localized, blisters appear on areas of the skin, not subject to maceration and friction, shrink into a yellowish-gray crust, which falls off on its own after 5-7 days. And in place of the bubble, a pigmented area remains, which after some time acquires a normal color.

Exacerbation

After infection, the herpes virus penetrates nerve cells and spreads along the nerve trunks, through which the virus enters the nerve ganglia, where it will persist throughout life as a dormant infection.

When exposed to certain factors, the virus is activated and again moves along the nerve trunks to the surface of the skin, where it causes blisters, ulcers and sores. Relapses can occur once a year or twice a year (sometimes more often), depending on the state of the immune system and nervous system.

Factors that cause recurrence of herpes:

contact with a person with clinical manifestations of herpes,
decreased immunity due to or,
hypothermia,
decreased immunity due to steroid use, chemotherapy,
physical fatigue and emotional stress,
cuts and scratches of the skin in this place,
in women, the predisposing factor is menstrual periods,
prolonged exposure to the sun.

There may be:

on the red border of the lips,
porches of the nose,
centuries,
cheeks,
in the ear area,
on the forehead,
gums,
the inner surface of the lips and cheeks.

The most common place for relapses is in the corners of the mouth, but unfortunately there are cases when inflammation occurs in almost all of the above places.

Relapses of herpes occur with similar manifestations. A milder course of the disease and faster healing of ulcers may be observed. Relapses (in the presence of provoking factors) can occur up to 6 times per year.

Complications

It is impossible to completely eliminate the herpes virus. But treatment of its manifestations must begin as quickly as possible, otherwise the disease can cause the following complications.

Genital herpes.
Eczema of the herpes form.
Encephalitis.
Meningitis.
Laryngitis.
Gingivitis.
Pharyngitis.
Prostatitis.
Pneumonia.
Infertility.

Treatment of herpes virus in adults

Treatment of herpes is carried out according to a specific scheme and is aimed at getting rid of the infection in several stages:

So, initially it is necessary to direct efforts to reduce the severity and duration of itching, pain, and fever.
It is further important to reduce the time required for complete healing of lesions resulting from the disease.
Subsequent treatment of herpes is aimed at reducing the severity and frequency of relapses of the disease.
The next stage of treatment is eliminating the infection in order to eliminate the recurrence of herpes.

To treat the herpes virus in modern domestic medicine, the following drugs are usually used:

Ointments and creams against herpes. Zovirax, Acyclovir, Triapten, Gevisosh, interferon ointments (Viferon, Cycloferon), Panavir. Apply topically to the skin and mucous membranes 3-6 times every day, the course duration is usually 5-10 days.
Pills . Acyclovir and its analogues - 1-1.2 g per day for treatment, 0.8 g - for prevention, duration of use - up to 7 days. Famvir - 0.5 g daily, for prevention - 0.25 g for 5 days. Alpizarin - only for the prevention of frequent relapses - 0.6-0.8 g per day.
Injections. Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, immunomodulatory drugs - immunoglobulin 3-4 days, Taktivin, Timalin, Splenin - 10 injections each, Ridostin 5 days, Methylurocil, Dibazol, Viferon, Cycloferon, etc.
Candles . Rectal and vaginal suppositories Viferon, Panavir, Genferon.

Immunostimulating agents. The main reason for the appearance of herpes on the lip is a decrease in immune function. Often the disease occurs with suppression of the body's defenses, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. The use of immunostimulating agents is mandatory, so it is necessary to take the drugs in the form of:

Lycopida;
Cycloferon;
Viferon;
Arbidol;
Remantadine.

The use of these funds should be started when the first signs appear. They have several properties in the form of anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, antiviral and immunostimulating.

It is necessary to treat herpes types 1 and 2 according to the same scheme:

taking antiherpes drugs (from 5 to 10 days);
taking medications to enhance immunity (from 30 to 60 days);
drugs to prevent relapse of the disease.

If type 1 herpes is identified, treatment is carried out using ointments and gels, and for the treatment of type 2 herpes, tablets and injections are necessarily prescribed.

Folk remedies

Before taking any folk remedy for herpes, be sure to consult your doctor, because... Individual contraindications for use are possible.

Aloe. The juice of this amazing plant can be applied to affected areas of the skin. Aloe components have excellent anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. After just a few procedures, you will feel an improvement in the condition of the skin in the area of the rash.
Herbal decoction. Mix lemon balm, thyme, raspberry leaves, wormwood, juniper and oregano in a ratio of 4:3:4:2:3:3. Brew 1 tsp daily for an hour. in a glass of boiling water and drink in two doses for 14-28 days.
Echinacea or calendula tincture. This product is sold at any pharmacy. 2 tsp. tinctures are added to a glass of warm water. The solution is taken in the morning and evening 30 minutes before meals.
Vegetable juice mixture. To prepare it, you need to squeeze the juice from 300 g of beet tops, three carrots, one apple, and a large bunch of parsley. All juices must be thoroughly mixed. The product is taken 3 tbsp. spoons 5-6 times a day.
A good remedy is tea tree essential oil., as well as rosemary and eucalyptus oil. If you use fir oil, a burning sensation may occur, but it will pass quickly. You should lubricate the affected areas every two hours. In the same way, you can use sea buckthorn and almond oil. Sea buckthorn quickly heals the skin.
Take dried chamomile leaves 3 tablespoons, pour boiling water over them and leave for an hour. Then the tincture is drunk or applied to the sore lips. Thanks to chamomile, you will relieve pain and heal herpes, and also draw out pus. Brewed chamomile can be mixed with propolis tincture. This remedy should be drunk 3 times a day, a tablespoon.
To moisten affected areas You can prepare a decoction of peppermint: to do this, simply pour one tablespoon of mint into a glass of water and cook for 15 minutes. After straining, the decoction can be used.

Prevention

Prevention consists primarily of general strengthening of the body and increasing immunity. Compliance with hygiene rules is also important. The main preventive measures include the following principles:

hardening;
good nutrition;
eating food rich in vitamins, minerals and organic acids;
rejection of bad habits;
playing sports;
walks in the open air;
good sleep and rest.