Food poisoning symptoms treatment diet 4. How to speed up recovery. Food poisoning in an adult - symptoms

Food poisoning occurs when bacteria and microorganisms enter the human body. They penetrate the gastrointestinal intestinal tract together with low-quality products or in violation of cooking rules. This acute illness can lead to a variety of consequences, so the appearance of symptoms of food poisoning is serious reason to call an ambulance.

Causes and symptoms

Suspect food poisoning It’s not at all difficult, since it affects the state of the entire body and the well-being of a person. The main symptoms of food poisoning are as follows:

• the appearance of weakness and general malaise;
• bloating and sharp pain accompanied by diarrhea;
• nausea, often turning into vomiting;
• cramps in the stomach and severe heaviness.

In more serious cases Other symptoms may appear:

• a sharp increase in body temperature;
• decreased blood pressure;
• the appearance of cold sweat on the human body;
• visual impairment;
• in rare cases - loss of consciousness or hallucinations.

Depending on the severity of food poisoning, symptoms may appear within a few hours and be mild, or they may occur abruptly after half an hour. Without medical attention, symptoms can worsen every hour, leading to dehydration. The consequences of food poisoning can seriously harm his health, affecting many organs.

The causes of food poisoning are most often the same in most patients. In most cases, it occurs due to people's carelessness and inattention to their diet. The main factors causing the disease are the following:

1. After cooking, food is stored in a warm room for more than two hours, especially for perishable foods.
2. Unwashed fruits and vegetables, as well as those that have been washed in dirty water or open water.
3. Adding ice to drinks that is made from untreated water. This is of particular relevance when relaxing in bars and foreign hotels.
4. Insufficiently cooked meat, eating raw eggs of unknown origin, poorly cooked mushrooms.
5. Poor hand hygiene before eating.

Paying close attention to the food you eat can significantly reduce the risk of food poisoning and other digestive disorders.

How to identify dangerous products

Most often, food poisoning is caused by foods that have been stored for some time. unknown conditions. But in some cases, the disease appears after consuming self-prepared, fresh dish. The main signs that a product may be hazardous to health are as follows:

• the expiration date has already expired or is about to expire;
• there is an odor unusual for this product;
• when stirring, small gas bubbles are detected;
• the packaging shows signs of destruction - dents, abrasions, traces of gluing;
• the consistency does not correspond to the expected and normal;
• the color of the product is suspicious and the taste is unpleasant.

The appearance of such signs indicates that the product should not be eaten, as this can result in serious poisoning, even if the expiration date is normal.

Types of food poisoning

Food poisoning varies depending on the cause that caused it. There are two types:

1. Infectious poisonings, which are called foodborne toxoinfections. In this case, the disease is caused by various bacteria and viruses, as well as their waste products. This species is much more common than the next one.
2. Non-infectious poisonings that are considered toxic. Their appearance is associated with a lack of caution when choosing food: poisonous plants, mushrooms, the content of poisons or heavy metals.

These types differ in intensity of manifestation, impact on the human body and have differences in treatment.

Nutrition during and after food poisoning

When diagnosing poisoning, you must carefully review your diet. Exist certain rules, related to what you can eat during food poisoning and immediately after it. Absence proper nutrition may worsen the situation and lead to negative consequences for the human body. The mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is seriously damaged during poisoning, this is caused by frequent vomiting and diarrhea.

Compliance with nutritional rules allows you to quickly restore their condition and normalize digestion. Immediately during poisoning, a person, as a rule, does not feel like eating. This is quite logical, since additional stress on the digestive organs will complicate recovery. Therefore, for the first day it is recommended to drink only water in unlimited quantities, but you should not drink too much at one time. Despite the lack of appetite, you should find out in advance what you can eat if you are poisoned. Starting from the second day, you can introduce certain foods, carefully monitoring your feelings. The following products are allowed:

1. Low-fat broths, preference should be given to fish or chicken. To prepare them, you should drain the first broth, and then cook them again in clean water.
2. Not a large number of crackers without any additives. The bread must be dried in the oven, and then used as an addition to broths.
3. Liquid rice porrige on the water. Rice helps to consolidate the stool, which helps stop diarrhea.
4. Vegetable broths and baked vegetables are allowed after the main symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea have disappeared.
5. Biscuits are allowed from baked goods, but they can be eaten only after the symptoms of poisoning have disappeared.

After food poisoning, you should be no less careful about your diet. It is strictly forbidden to eat foods that negatively affect digestion and complicate recovery. These include:

• any sausage and canned food;
• fatty and smoked foods, including anything fried;
• any spices (except salt), especially anything spicy;
• dairy products, coffee and cocoa;
• cereals that are difficult for the body to digest. These include millet, barley and pearl barley;
• fresh fruits;
• alcoholic drinks, including low-alcohol ones;
• sweets and bakery products.

Returning to a normal diet should be done very carefully so as not to provoke the appearance of various diseases associated with digestive disorders. After the symptoms of poisoning disappear, you can diversify your diet by introducing the following foods:

• vegetable soups with the addition of chopped boiled lean meat;
• meat and fish cutlets steamed;
• baked vegetables and fruits;
• rice and buckwheat porridge, cooked without adding milk.

1. Decoctions of chamomile or rose hips with the addition of honey. Chamomile soothes the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and rose hips improve the functioning of the immune system for a speedy recovery.
2. Natural green tea.
3. Dill decoction.
4. Still mineral water.

A proper diet can prevent intoxication and the need for hospitalization of the patient. Without following these simple rules, treatment will be ineffective and may take a long time.

What to do in case of food poisoning

First aid for food poisoning should be provided to yourself immediately after the first symptoms appear. The main task is to take measures to remove maximum quantity toxins and pathogenic bacteria from the human body. IN normal situation food poisoning is accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, thus the body is cleansed of harmful substances. If this does not happen, it is necessary to help him. The following measures should be taken:

1. Rinse the stomach thoroughly. To do this you need to drink a large amount of warm boiled water. The expansion of the stomach causes fluid to come back out, which removes toxins. If vomiting does not occur, you can press on the root of the tongue, and it will work vomiting reflex and the stomach will be cleared.
2. A cleansing enema will remove harmful substances, which managed to penetrate the intestines. It would be preferable to use traditional method, which can be used in hospitals, but if this is not possible, modern microenemas can be used.

After such procedures, a large amount of fluid is lost, so it is necessary to replenish its supply to avoid dehydration. You need to drink in small sips every 5-10 minutes, preference should be given to non-carbonated mineral water, strong tea or compote. Every person should know what to do in case of food poisoning in order to provide first aid to themselves or to a loved one. Call ambulance necessary in the following cases:

• blurred vision and difficulty swallowing;
• symptoms of poisoning appeared in the child;
• signs appeared in several adults and children at once;
• inability to reduce high fever;
• loss of consciousness.

In these cases, urgent hospitalization and medical observation are required until the symptoms disappear. It is possible to cure food poisoning at home only if the person’s condition is satisfactory and he is able to independently cleanse the body and take the necessary medications.

Medicines for poisoning

Treatment for food poisoning depends on the specific case of the patient's condition. What to do in case of poisoning, when first aid is provided, does not depend much on the person’s age. Taking medications must be started immediately after the first signs appear to avoid severe intoxication and complications. What medications to take in case of poisoning can be seen in the table:

Timely and correct treatment will allow you to quickly get rid of the symptoms of poisoning and prevent complications. If you are unable to cope with the signs of food poisoning on your own, you must call an ambulance, since the absence necessary assistance may lead to kidney and liver dysfunction.

Food poisoning can occur if you consume low-quality foods or liquids in which microbes or toxins have multiplied. After some time, vomiting, nausea and loose stool. The patient's condition depends on the amount of product consumed and its suitability.

Types of food poisoning are divided into: toxic and infectious. In toxic poisoning, infection occurs when chemicals, heavy metals, poisonous mushrooms and plants enter the human body. Infectious poisoning is very common, it is caused by various viruses and microbes, infection occurs through food: water, eggs, meat, poorly washed vegetables and fruits, dairy products, preservatives.

Stomach upset can occur even through dirty hands.

At home, it is impossible to determine the exact outbreak of the disease; the patient can only assume why the poisoning occurred. People who are more prone to food poisoning weak immunity and small children, therefore, they take great responsibility to monitor the child’s food and try to give only fresh food, wash vegetables and fruits thoroughly.

Causes of poisoning

Food poisoning can occur:

Food poisoning often occurs from confectionery, especially spoiled cream; dairy products; long-stored salads with mayonnaise or sour cream; canned food homemade; mushrooms; seafood; fruits and vegetables treated with pest control chemicals.

Signs of food poisoning

In case of poisoning, symptoms begin within half an hour and continue to be expressed in an intensified manner in the first two days. The phenomenon is dangerous for others; a group outbreak of the disease may occur in a team or family. If symptoms of poisoning do not go away after 24 hours, you should seek help.

When food poisoning occurs, the following symptoms occur:

• the temperature rises sharply;
• lethargy and poor appetite;
• dizziness, spots before the eyes;
• bloating and abdominal pain;
• nausea and vomiting;
• fever or chills;
• low pressure;
• frequent loose stools;
• in severe cases - coma.

Please note that mild poisoning may not cause diarrhea. But if loose stool appears on the first day, it means food poisoning, and if after a few days it means a bacterial intestinal infection. Typically, such symptoms accompany diseases such as dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever.

In case of severe poisoning, dehydration occurs, symptoms such as lethargy and weakness, dry mouth, dizziness and loose stools appear, and sometimes the temperature may rise. Do not let the disease take its course; complications may occur due to incorrect assistance. With timely and correct treatment, improvement may occur on the second day; the main thing is to take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

Symptoms of severe poisoning

Staphylococcus is most often present in confectionery products; the infection does not in any way affect the taste and color of the food, but after an hour the following signs of poisoning may occur: nausea, vomiting, headache, loose stools, loss of consciousness. With fish poisoning, the following symptoms occur within half an hour: abdominal pain, gag reflex, impaired movement, shortness of breath.

In case of poisoning with dairy products, especially in summer period, intoxication occurs within 30 minutes. Its first signs: colic, cramps and pain in the stomach, loose stools.

The most dangerous disease, meat poisoning, if timely treatment is not provided health care, a person's death may occur. Symptoms: fever, chills, gag reflex, loose stools, breathing problems, tachycardia. A high temperature may appear, in which case it is necessary to give antipyretic drugs.

Mushroom poisoning is the most common and severe; intoxication occurs within 20 minutes to 2 hours. Signs: muscle pain, vomiting, loose stools with blood, worsening breathing, lethargy, low blood pressure, delirium.

Alcohol poisoning occurs immediately and has the following symptoms: vomiting, incoherent speech, weakness, cold sweat, fever or chills, loss of consciousness.

Poisoning food additives are very common, symptoms may appear immediately or after some time - rash, itching, swelling of the face or arms, legs; abdominal pain, diarrhea.

Canned food poisoning has serious consequences and the following symptoms: headache, pain, dry mouth oral cavity, thirst, fever, vomiting and loose stools.

When to see a doctor immediately:

1. Mushroom poisoning;
2. If after eating, weakness occurs, the temperature rises, speech is impaired, shortness of breath appears, and there is no urine for a long time;
3. Bloody diarrhea for more than a day;
4. A child under 3 years of age or an infant has been poisoned;
5. Signs of poisoning appeared in a pregnant woman;
6. A person with cancer or HIV has been poisoned;
7. Symptoms occurred in few adults or children;
8. Signs of dehydration appeared: dry lips, lack of urine, crying without tears;
9. The eyes and skin turned yellow;
10. Swollen joints and rash all over the body.

First aid for intoxication

In case of minor poisoning, you can get help at home, and in case of severe symptoms, you can mandatory you should call an ambulance. Special attention In case of intoxication, attention should be paid to pregnant women and young children; you should not self-medicate; it is better to show it to a doctor so as not to cause further harm.

First of all, you need to rinse the stomach, that is, remove toxins and microbes. To do this, give him water to drink or weak solution potassium permanganate so that repeated vomiting occurs. They also do a cleansing enema. This technique is suitable for an adult, but children should be given water, mineral water without gas, juice can be given after diluting it with some water. To prevent rapid dehydration of the body, you should give rehydron or saline solution to drink from a spoon.

After a gag reflex, adults are given activated carbon, diluted with water. Drink in small sips to cleanse the body. The dose is calculated as follows: 1 tablet per 10 kilograms. To prevent dehydration, try to drink a lot of boiled water in small sips so as not to provoke vomiting.

If the patient faints or worsens, call an ambulance immediately. Severe poisoning can affect internal organs, such as the liver. The first symptoms are yellowness in the eyes, the presence of blood in the vomit or loose stool. Do not self-medicate, do not take folk remedies, tinctures, tablets, determine accurate diagnosis and only a specialist in this field can prescribe the correct treatment.

In the hospital, with the help of tests, they will be able to find out the cause of the poisoning: they will examine blood, vomit and loose stools to find the causative agent of the disease. The foods that the patient ate are identified and sent to special authorities for testing. At the first signs of poisoning, you should seek medical help, as serious consequences may occur. What type of intoxication can only be determined by a doctor, based on questions and studying the symptoms of the disease. Dangerous diseases such as botulism and listeriosis can lead to the death of the patient. Poisoning from home-canned food can have serious consequences.

Diet after illness

After the patient’s condition improves, it is not recommended to immediately turn to the usual food. You need to start drinking various compotes, weak black tea and water, eat cereals cooked in water, vegetable soups, boiled meat, fish and poultry, and crackers. Doctors recommend cooking raisin compote, which contains a lot of potassium, thanks to which the body will recover faster.

Fresh fruits and vegetables should not be consumed at first; it is better to boil them or bake them in the oven. This diet should be followed for a week after recovery, gradually returning to your previous diet. Eat food in moderate amount, in no case overload the weakened stomach in order to restore its microflora.

Prevention of poisoning

You should always wash your hands with soap before eating and when preparing food. Especially in contact with meat and fish products. Do not eat raw eggs, fish, meat, cook until done. Use for meat products separate cutting boards. Store dairy products in the refrigerator. Be sure to wash fruits and vegetables in running water before consuming them, and then rinse them boiled water. Eat foods with fresh deadline expiration date and store properly.

Almost every person at least once in his life has encountered such an acute and unpleasant illness like food poisoning. It is caused by the consumption of expired, insufficiently processed during the preparation process, poorly washed or low-quality food products.

Typically nausea, constipation and sharp pains in the stomach - faithful companions of food poisoning.

But it's worth remembering sudden loss loss of appetite, accompanied by an increase in body temperature - this is the first signal that something is wrong with your digestive system not everything is fine.

Common signs of food poisoning include:

Symptoms may persist for several days; with proper treatment, the symptoms cease to be sharp and severe, gradually fading away.

The causes of food poisoning can be:

• eating food that has been left in the sun for a long time;
• expired products;
• unwashed hands;
• inedible mushrooms;
• poorly cooked, raw or rotten meat;
• food prepared by a sick person may be contaminated, even though it looks normal;
• eating poorly or completely unwashed vegetables and fruits.

The most “attractive” products for the propagation of microorganisms are:

• dishes with fish, especially raw fish (sushi, rolls);
• salted cucumbers, canned tomatoes and various vegetables;
• jams, homemade jams;
• raw eggs;
• milk, cheese, cottage cheese are excellent breeding grounds for bacteria;
• products with damaged wrappers.

Food poisoning: first aid

Most often, the patient is almost immediately hospitalized for first aid. But what can you do?

The first thing to do when one or more signs of food poisoning is detected: rinse the stomach. It is advisable to carry out rinsing until instead vomit Water will not start coming out. A 2% soda solution is ideal, but regular soda is also ideal. water will do. (Not from the tap, but always boiled!)

You need to drink, drink and drink again! To a healthy person You need to drink up to 2 liters of water per day. A person with food intoxication needs to drink even more, up to 3 liters per day. Water helps relieve dehydration; in addition to it, you can drink rehydron or weak tea.

It is necessary to avoid heavy and difficult to digest foods. Please note that after poisoning, dysbiosis may develop (a condition in which the amount beneficial bacteria there are fewer, and naturally more harmful ones).

In any case, visiting a doctor is mandatory; only he can prescribe the correct treatment and exclude the development of dangerous diseases such as botulism (a deadly disease caused by the ingestion of the exotoxin of the botulism bacillus).

What to do next: medications and traditional methods of treating food poisoning

If the condition is not critical, you will not need to see a doctor.

For ordinary food poisoning, gastric lavage is also necessary. This can be done with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and then you can drink a laxative.

20-30 ml of castor oil will do, castor oil is a miracle medicine for removing toxins from the body.

For diarrhea good remedy will become Activated carbon(for adults: 3-4 tablets). With strong and frequent diarrhea Hilak Forte and Loperamide are suitable. You should absolutely not take antibiotics or prescribe yourself treatment with sulfonamides (Sulgin, Sulfazin and others).

Traditional methods of treatment:

1. You can drink a little dill decoction with honey 10 minutes before a meal, and it doesn’t matter whether the dill is fresh or dry, it can help in any form. Recipe: you will need a small saucepan in which you need to put a teaspoon of dill, then add boiling water and cook for 20 minutes over low heat. Afterwards, you need to let the broth cool and brew, and then add a teaspoon of honey. It is not recommended to drink in large quantities, half or a glass per day;
2. It is not recommended for the patient to lie down, much less sleep. Thanks to intense movements, you can help your body remove toxins along with sweat;
3. Preference in food should be given to various broths; heavy and difficult to digest foods should be abandoned;
4. Recipe " Ginger tea": pour boiling water over a tablespoon of ground ginger and leave for half an hour to cool. Then, with an interval of 20-30 minutes, drink a few sips;
5. After poisoning, it is recommended to take activated carbon 3 times with an interval of 20 minutes (1 tablet per 15 kilograms of weight).

In addition to the above tips, try to avoid eating for 24-36 hours after poisoning. Daily fasting can get you back into shape much faster, return to usual diet one day after poisoning, even with feeling good- it is forbidden!

Food poisoning: symptoms and treatment features in children

It happens that the whole family ate a low-quality product, but only the child got food poisoning. This happens due to the immaturity of many body systems, which is why children suffer from diseases much more severely than any adult. If food poisoning is detected, you should always consult a doctor, especially if you are an infant.

Symptoms:

• dry skin;
• painful pallor;
• vomit;
• pointed facial features;
• drowsiness;
• convulsions;
• anuria;
• diarrhea.

Often, the symptoms of poisoning disappear on the third day, and the child feels drowsiness and fatigue.

Treatment

The first thing you need to do is call an ambulance. Before her arrival, your task is to try to compensate for the lost fluid; the baby needs plenty of fluids.

For diarrhea, you can start taking medications such as Smecta, Polyphepan and Polysorb.

If the child is not yet one year old or is on breastfeeding, stop feeding and give water, always boiled.

Once the condition begins to improve, you can return to breastfeeding.

If the child is older, then it is also necessary to limit food.

The ideal diet would be: oatmeal or rice porridge with water, weak sweet tea and homemade croutons.

Food poisoning: diet and basic principles of nutrition

When a food infection occurs, unpleasant symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting occur. Most often they are uncontrollable, so the task of the diet is to restore normal water and electrolyte balance and eliminate dehydration.

Basic principles of nutrition for intoxication of the digestive system:

The diet can last about a week, and the return to normal nutrition occurs gradually.

Allowed foods for food poisoning:

Prohibited foods for food poisoning:

• buns, cookies, bread;
• semi-finished products and snacks in catering establishments are strictly prohibited;
• flavored tea, cocoa or coffee;
• mayonnaise, mustard, ketchup;
• vegetables and fruits are also not advisable to eat;
• fatty, difficult to digest meat;
• dried, smoked fish;
• cheese, milk, sour cream;
• seeds, chips, crackers;
• ice cream;
• sausage and ham.

Diet for food poisoning is the main method of treatment. Observing correct mode nutrition, with all the prohibitions, you can avoid consequences such as dysbiosis of the digestive tract and food allergies.

Due to non-compliance with the diet, there is a risk of gastritis.

When is hospitalization needed?

At severe poisoning You should consult a doctor if:

• symptoms do not go away for about a week;
• the pain intensified;
• observed painful spasms, stomach cramps.

You should urgently go to the hospital if you suspect such terrible diseases as botulism, staphylococcus or salmonellosis. The main signs of the disease are: dizziness, constant nagging pain in the stomach, dry mouth and lips, blurred vision, loss of coordination, loss of balance, eyelids are constantly drooping, and the pupils practically do not react to light.

Treatment similar diseases is carried out only in an infectious diseases hospital, where the serum that neutralizes the toxin will first be administered.

Prevention of food poisoning

Undoubtedly, best treatment– prevention. And the best prevention is compliance with hygiene standards when preparing, storing and eating food.

20 tips to avoid food poisoning:

It is worth remembering that no one is protected from eating disorder. If you see an attractive price for products, be sure to check their expiration date. It expires in a day or two, but isn’t the price so attractive? Better think about it, because it’s not without reason that they are cheaper than good, fresh and high-quality food. Remember, you shouldn’t skimp on your health!

There is also no need to purchase products whose packaging is damaged. And, of course, an unpleasant smell from food is a sign that it should be thrown away immediately.

And there is a lot more useful information about food poisoning in the next video.

This standard set“traveler”, which should be in the luggage of all those who like to relax in the summer in warm regions or hot countries. In principle, such a kit will help cope with the first symptoms of intoxication both on hiking trips and in the country. It should be remembered that a “home first aid kit” is not an alternative to a professional one. medical treatment. Medicines for food poisoning that should be in every home as emergency home aid medications:

1. Packaging of activated carbon. Why packaging? Because the calculation for taking the drug is 1 tablet for every 10 kilograms of body weight, and you need to take it 3-4 times a day. This is an old, reliable way to adsorb toxins and remove them from the body.
2. Entoban or Intetrix, which help with intestinal intoxication caused by E. coli. These are bactericidal drugs that work well against amoebas, candida and other types of microorganisms, but they are contraindicated for pregnant women and children.
3. Polysorb or Enterosgel are excellent medicines for food poisoning. These drugs correct microbiocenosis (dysbacteriosis), absorb and remove toxins, and restore the structure of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Smecta is also effective - one sachet of dissolved contents three times a day and light form intoxication will be defeated.
4. Linex is a drug that fights dysbiosis, as it contains three types of natural microflora components - lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and enterococcus.
5. Regidron is a drug that restores normal water-salt metabolism in the body and neutralizes dehydration. Regidron helps relieve acidosis (increased acidity).
6. No-spa as a safe antispasmodic will help relieve pain due to colic.

Antibiotics for food poisoning

This is the prerogative of the doctor, since only a professional, that is, a doctor, can determine the root cause of poisoning and prescribe an adequate drug. In addition, many antibiotics have no effect on bacterial toxins at all and may even worsen bowel problems (diarrhea). This is explained by antibacterial therapy can destroy useful and necessary microbes along with harmful ones. Antibiotics for food poisoning are indicated only in extreme cases, when the exact cause of the disease has been identified, indicating the targeted effect of the drug, and the benefits of its use outweigh the risk of complications.

Levomycetin for food poisoning is indicated only for intoxication with pathogens identified in the laboratory. Just like therapy with other antibiotics, treatment with chloramphenicol should only be prescribed by a doctor. In addition, statistics say that only 10% of intoxications require the use of serious antibacterial agents. Therefore, Levomycetin for food poisoning, as well as taking Furadonin, Furazolidone and other so-called “folk” drugs not only does not help, but often harms. Such amateur activities can aggravate the severity of intoxication and lead to irreversible consequences. It should also be taken into account that the uncontrolled use of pharmaceutical prescription drugs greatly distorts clinical picture and makes it difficult to diagnose intoxication.

Enterosgel for food poisoning

This is the most safe way quickly relieve intoxication and protect the body from the spread of intestinal infection. The drug is suitable for everyone age categories and has no contraindications. Enterosgel is available in a very convenient form for use - a paste, which can be slightly sweetened, which allows it to be used for small children.

Thanks to its composition, Enterosgel helps remove toxins and allergens from the body, and taking the drug in the first hours after intoxication significantly increases its effectiveness. If you take Enterosgel in a timely manner in case of food poisoning, you can avoid the prescription and use of more serious medications, including antibiotics. The drug adsorbs and removes almost all external and internal toxins, including bacteria, allergens, heavy metal salts, poisons, radionuclides.

Scheme for using the sorbent:

• A tablespoon three times a day for adults.
• A teaspoon three times a day for children under five years of age.
• A dessert spoon three times a day - children aged 5 to 14-15 years.
• If the condition is determined to be severe, Enterosgel for food poisoning is taken in double dose.

Activated carbon for food poisoning

This is a drug that has long been tested by many patients. Activated charcoal for food poisoning is often the first remedy that the affected person begins to take. Coal reduces the level of intoxication, as it absorbs toxins; in addition, the drug can reduce or normalize the level of creatinine and urea. In victims of poisoning, activated charcoal reduces feelings of nausea and helps cope with temporary diarrhea. The calculation for Prim is quite simple - 1 tablet for every ten kilograms of a person’s weight. You should take charcoal 2-3 times, possibly more often, it all depends on the severity of the poisoning. Don’t forget to take the drug with you, you need to drink as much as possible: dehydration will be eliminated and the charcoal will begin to act faster.

There are also contraindications - this is pronounced swelling, suspicion of gastrointestinal bleeding, pregnancy.

Gastric lavage for food poisoning

This treatment of food poisoning is indicated in the absence of vomiting or intensifying it. If the poisoning is determined to be severe, then emergency medical assistance should be called. Before her arrival, you can try to reduce the severity of intoxication by washing. Let’s make a reservation right away that a solution of potassium permanganate is not suitable, since crystals invisible to the eye that have not dissolved can seriously damage the already irritated mucous membranes of the esophagus. The basic rule, which involves gastric lavage during intoxication, is to drink and induce vomiting until the vomit becomes relatively clean, without any admixture of any food debris. Suitable as a liquid mineral water still, plain purified water, water with added salt (per liter of water - 1 tablespoon of salt).

You also need to remember who is contraindicated for washing:

• If the victim has lost consciousness. A person will not be able to drink liquid, much less vomit, in such a state; moreover, there is a risk of asphyxia.
• Children under two years of age. Washing in small patients is hardly possible at home; rather, inpatient procedures are indicated for them.
• All those who have previously been diagnosed with cardiac diseases, or those who have suffered a heart attack or stroke. Vomiting can overload the heart and worsen the patient's condition.
• Pregnant women.

Gastric lavage for food poisoning also involves taking laxatives if the victim shows obvious symptoms of poisoning and does not have diarrhea.

Enema for food poisoning

A very controversial method of treating food poisoning from the point of view of modern medicine, since the absorption of toxins most often occurs in the upper zone of the intestinal tract, and only a siphon procedure is considered cleansing in the sense of removing intoxication, which is practically not used at home. The siphon method of cleansing is contraindicated, as are other enemas, for the following diseases and conditions:

• Suspicion of volvulus.
• Symptoms that are characterized as an “acute abdomen” picture.
• Strangulated hernia.
• Hemorrhoidal or intestinal bleeding.
• Acute inflammation of the appendix.

An enema is dangerous for food poisoning because the symptoms of intoxication are often similar to the conditions described above, in which diarrhea, colic, fever, and vomiting are possible. Also, during an enema, gases should escape; if this does not happen, it is possible intestinal obstruction, which can be eliminated only in stationary conditions.

What to do if you have food poisoning?

Diarrhea that lasts an hour and a half should not be stopped. An exception is stool disorder in children under two years of age, since their body weight is small and intense diarrhea can cause severe dehydration. Bowel disorder in adults is natural way, which the body uses to remove toxins.

You can activate the gag reflex by drinking plenty of fluids and pressing on the root of the tongue. But this method is only possible for adults: unconscious victims, small children, patients with chronic internal diseases, pregnant women are a group of people for whom artificially induced vomiting is contraindicated.

To prevent dehydration (dehydration) and help the body cope with intoxication, you need to drink a lot. Drinking should be done in small portions, but often. Sweet compotes and teas are not allowed. The water can be salted or sweetened, but it is best to use special pharmaceutical drugs, designed to restore water-salt balance.

In the first day after poisoning, it is better not to eat at all, so as not to provoke a new stomach upset.

The question - what to do in case of food poisoning becomes very relevant when severe symptoms intoxication. In such cases, immediate medical attention is needed, especially if we're talking about about intoxication with mushrooms, canned food, poisonous berries or plants.

First aid for food poisoning

First aid helps reduce the rate of absorption of toxins into the intestinal tract and slows down their spread through the bloodstream throughout the body. That's why immediate action often save not only the health, but also the lives of the victims.

First aid for food poisoning is provided in ways that depend on what the person was poisoned with - mushrooms, food or poisonous plants: 1.

1. Poisoning by mushrooms, which are often sources of intoxication.

Symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, upset stool, dizziness and increasing headache, pale complexion, cyanosis near the lips. Signs of mushroom poisoning do not always appear on the first day; they can “start” only on the second day after eating poisonous mushrooms.

Treatment for food poisoning is only inpatient; before the doctor arrives, you can try to rinse the stomach and induce reflex vomiting. The injured person should be put to bed and his feet should be warmed (with a warm heating pad). Neither milk nor laxatives should be taken on your own, since the origin and type of poison is unknown.

1. Intoxication caused by low-quality products appears in the first two hours. Nausea, cramping pain and colic in the abdomen, increased body temperature, chills, vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of toxic infection.

First aid for this type of food poisoning is to drink frequently and intensify vomiting. After induced reflex vomiting, you can try to take activated charcoal or Enterosgel. It is better to use sorbents in the first 2 hours after intoxication. If symptoms do not subside within 5-6 hours, vomiting and diarrhea become uncontrollable (with blood and yellow-green mucus), arterial pressure falls, you should call an ambulance.

1. Poisoning by poisonous plants is characterized by the following symptoms:
   • Uncontrollable vomiting.
   • Loss of coordination, dizziness.
   • Abdominal pain.
   • Weakness and drop in blood pressure.
   • Vomiting foam.
   • Profuse drooling.
   • Pupil dilation.

Symptoms increase very quickly, so help with plant intoxication should be immediate. Need to call urgently emergency assistance, before her arrival, give her 300-400 milliliters of purified salted water to drink and induce vomiting. You can take sorbents, but their effectiveness is unlikely, since plant poison is rapidly absorbed. It is best to use pharmaceutical drugs, which should be in every home medicine cabinet– Enterosgel, Smecta, Regidron, Gastrolit. At the same time, it is necessary to place mustard plasters on the area of ​​the shoulder blades and shoulder area, and put them on the forehead cold compress. If appears convulsive syndrome, you need to make sure that your tongue doesn’t stick.

Folk remedies for food poisoning

This is the use of methods that are approved not by neighbors or relatives, but by doctors. Unfortunately, sometimes it is the intake of all kinds of infusions that warm milk or other supposedly effective remedies on the recommendation of omniscient acquaintances or a recipe read in a dubious newspaper lead to dire consequences. Of really safe methods, approved by medicine, we can recommend the following folk remedies for food poisoning:

• In the drink that you should take during intoxication, you need to add a soluble form of vitamin C. In addition, ascorbic acid helps remove toxins, it activates the immune system. Vitamin C is especially effective in the first 3-4 hours after intoxication.
• Cinnamon infusion, which is prepared in this way: 1/2 teaspoon of ground cinnamon is poured into a glass of boiling water, infused for 15 minutes, filtered. The infusion should be drunk warm in small sips, the volume is up to 1.5 liters per day. Cinnamon is a good natural antispasmodic; it is able to utilize certain types of toxins, that is, it helps with mild toxic infections.
• You can prepare a decoction of dill and honey. Dill removes toxins well and reduces the severity of vomiting without stopping it. Honey will help your heart function and reduce the level of potassium excretion when you are dehydrated. The decoction is prepared as follows: a teaspoon of dill seeds (or chopped fresh plant) pour 300 ml of boiling water, leave for 3-5 minutes, then boil for another 2-3 minutes. Strain and add a teaspoon of honey. It is convenient to make 1 liter of infusion at once, since it must be taken throughout the first day after intoxication.

Treatment of food poisoning with folk remedies does not involve taking a decoction of oak bark, pomegranate peel, that is, fixatives, since diarrhea during intoxication in some sense helps the body remove toxins faster. If diarrhea and other symptoms develop rapidly, traditional methods they cannot help, professional medical assistance is needed.

The incidence of food poisoning in the world, according to WHO, is increasing every year. There are some difficulties in statistics in recent years due to the fact that not all countries record and systematize information about poisonings. According to WHO statistics from five years ago, the death rate from food poisoning in the world is 2 million people annually, of which 75% are children under 14 years of age. The annual growth rate of incidence is 10 - 12%.

Features of food poisoning and classification

Food poisoning is a collective term that unites the clinic acute disorder digestion (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) that occurs after taking low-quality foods or drinks. Sometimes, depending on the type of poisoning, clinical symptoms much more.

Food poisoning is classified into:

Infectious - pathogens: bacteria, viruses, protozoa; such poisonings are food toxic infections(PTI);

Non-infectious (toxic) - arise as a result of toxins, poisons entering the body, when poisonous herbs and mushrooms are used in food.

Dangerous feature food poisoning is:

Small incubation period(2 - 6 hours);

Rapid development of the disease.

Also characteristic:

The scale of the damage: all people who consume the unsuitable product suffer;

Poisoning can occur even with foods that look and taste normal, since the food could already be contaminated with microbes;

Food stored for a long time after preparation is potentially dangerous.

Food poisoning - the first signs

The first signs of food poisoning appear between 1 - 2 and up to 6 hours after poisoning. Over the next 2 days they progress and, without treatment, can lead to severe consequences.

Symptoms of food poisoning depend on certain factors:

Toxin or infectious agent that caused poisoning;

The amount of food eaten or drink that was poisoned by the toxin;

General condition body.

But the first signs of food poisoning are always the same, regardless of the above factors:

Heat;

Decreased or lack of appetite;

General weakness;

Diarrhea and cramping abdominal pain;

Flatulence;

Nausea and vomiting;

Cold sticky sweat, low pressure.

All the symptoms of food poisoning

In some cases, the clinic develops very quickly, and all the symptoms of food poisoning develop within 1 - 2 hours, while the patient’s condition becomes more serious, and he needs emergency treatment.

All the symptoms of food poisoning are often the only information that helps make a diagnosis, since children cannot explain their complaints, and in adults, due to the severity of the condition, it is sometimes difficult to collect an anamnesis. Changes in vomiting (frequency, type and amount of vomit), feces (blood impurities, color, smell, consistency, frequency of stool), temperature reaction - these are the main signs that must be carefully observed, analyzed, and based on them in the first hours of poisoning a diagnosis is made.

It may also happen:

Visual impairment (diplopia or total loss);

Decreased muscle tone;

Increased salivation;

Brain damage (hallucinations, delirium, coma);

Peripheral damage nervous system(paresis, paralysis).

Such symptoms are observed more often when affected by neurotoxic poisons. In pregnant women, children under 3 years of age and elderly people, it is especially observed severe course food poisoning, and cannot be ruled out death.

Food poisoning - first aid

Urgent hospitalization for emergency therapy carried out in difficult situations when there is a threat to life. In most cases, at the initial stage of food poisoning, first aid is provided at home.

First aid measures:

Detoxification;

Detoxification;

Elimination of dehydration;

Etiotropic treatment is not required until the diagnosis is clarified (with the exception of anamnesis and clear clinical manifestations, indicating the presence of infection - botulism, salmonellosis).

The scope of first aid for food poisoning depends on the time that has passed since the poisoning and the severity of the condition.

There are rules that everyone needs to remember:

1. You should not take antiemetics or antidiarrheal drugs, since vomiting and diarrhea are the body’s defense mechanisms and the most quick ways massive elimination of toxins.

2. It is necessary to give the victim plenty of fluids ( clean water) and induce vomiting to remove toxins from the stomach. Continue gastric lavage until clean, clear water appears.

3. Restoration of water and electrolyte balance and volume of lost fluid: drinking plenty of fluids using pharmacy forms saline solutions or homemade ones. Ready-made solutions for oral administration: Regidron, Normohydron, Oralit, Chlorazol, Gastrolit, Gidrovit, etc. Solutions are diluted according to the attached instructions, for example, 1 packet of Regidron is diluted in 1 liter of water, you need to drink 3 liters (use 3 packets of Regidron during the day) to achieve maximum effect. Oral rehydrants are used in the intervals between vomiting and taking medicines.

In the absence of ready-made solutions, you can use a weak solution of manganese (the solution must be Pink colour) or 2% alkaline (with addition to water baking soda), glucose - salt (3 tablespoons of sugar + 1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of water).

4. To quickly remove toxins, it is necessary to take sorbents (if toxins have already been absorbed in the intestines): Polysorb (powder, soluble in water, easy to use, Enterosgel, Enterol, etc.) as a last resort- activated white and black carbon, tablets of which can be crushed and given in water at the rate of 1 tablet per kilogram of weight every 3 hours. Typically, for repeated vomiting and diarrhea, you can use up to 20 tablets at a time.

5. In case of a severe pain attack, it is unacceptable to take analgesics or antibiotics unless a diagnosis has been made. It is possible to take antispasmodics (No - spa, Drotaverine, Riabal, etc.).

6. If there is no vomiting or diarrhea, it is necessary to take laxatives to prevent further absorption of toxins in the intestines. For this purpose, sodium and magnesium sulfates are prescribed: 1 tablespoon of the product is dissolved in 0.5 glasses of liquid and washed down with plenty of water.

Treatment of food poisoning in a hospital setting

Treatment of food poisoning differs from treatment of acute intestinal infections, since they occur much easier and faster: mild forms of food poisoning can safely resolve on the 3rd day on their own.

Main directions of treatment

Detoxification;

Prevention of dehydration;

Restoration of intestinal biocenosis;

Normalization of the gastrointestinal tract through a gentle diet.

But often food poisoning is life-threatening. Acute symptoms that develop in a short time require immediate hospitalization and treatment in a specialized department.

Indications for hospitalization for food poisoning are also:

Temperature up to 40 C;

Poisoning in a child under 3 years of age (rapid dehydration occurs with diarrhea and vomiting, which can dramatically worsen the condition);

Pregnancy and old age of patients;

Poisoning poisonous mushrooms and plants, toxic compounds and liquids;

Diarrhea more than 10 times a day mixed with blood, uncontrollable vomiting, high fever, persisting for two days, severe increasing weakness;

The result is general dehydration of the body (dry mucous membranes, decreased urine production up to anuria, decreased body weight).

Only a doctor who decides on the need for hospitalization can adequately assess the condition.

1. Parenteral rehydration is carried out in a hospital setting. This is especially important for poisoning in children who cannot drink required amount liquids.

For parenteral rehydration, solutions of Trisol, Kvartasol, Acesol, Lactosol, etc. are used.

2. Sorbents are used with caution in young children and elderly patients.

3. Antispasmodics - for the urge to defecate, cramping pain in the abdomen.

4. Antiemetic and antidiarrheal therapy are necessary only in severe cases with uncontrollable vomiting and diarrhea, since the bulk of the toxins have already left the body. Cerucal, Motilium, Imodium, etc. are prescribed.

5. Antipyretics are prescribed only to patients who cannot tolerate high fever ( NSAID drugs: Paracetamol, Ibuklin /paracetamol with ibuprofen/)

6. Probiotics and prebiotics (means for restoring normal intestinal biocenosis, containing live bacteria or their components - Enterozermina, Linnex, Bifidumbacterin, Baktisubtil, etc.).

7. Also in a hospital setting, gastric lavage with a probe and siphon enemas are performed. Up to 10 liters of water are used for procedures.

Long time state digestive tract may not recover. This is due to irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines and in some cases requires additional treatment.

But basically, recovery from poisoning involves following a diet.

Food poisoning - prevention

To avoid food poisoning and the unpleasant symptoms and complications associated with it, you need to adhere to elementary rules hygiene, which are the prevention of food poisoning.

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap before eating or preparing food.

It is good to wash vegetables and fruits, especially in the hot season, to prevent flies from landing on food.

Raw eggs expose fish, meat heat treatment or roasted; Wash the cutting board and knife thoroughly after raw meat.

Defrosting meat - before cooking it, but not at room temperature, but in the microwave or in the refrigerator.

Monitor the temperature in the refrigerator - at least 30 C.

Treat mushrooms and food from public catering with caution, do not use products of questionable quality.

Do not store preserved metal cans for more than 2 years; You should also not store food in copper or zinc containers.

Do not eat milk or caviar certain types fish caught during their spawning period (pike, mackerel, burbot, perch).

If you remember and adhere to these rules, you will be able to maintain your health for a long time. long years and avoid unpleasant diseases and serious complications.