Mineral water names. Mineral water is a natural medicine. Main indications for taking alkaline water

Mineral water is one of the oldest natural medicines used by people. There's a lot in it essential microelements. For centuries, hospitals existed near the sources of healing mineral waters, resorts and sanatoriums were created, and later bottling plants were built.

Today we can buy mineral water in a store, pharmacy, or kiosk. The choice is huge. What is its use? How to choose? How to drink correctly? How to avoid fakes?

Main characteristics of mineral drinking water

Mineral water is water formed deep in the earth's crust and is a product of complex natural geochemical processes. Mineral water differ high content salts (mineralization), as well as either the presence of gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide), or radioactivity, or the presence of particularly active ions (arsenic, iodine, iron), or higher temperature.

As a rule, underground mineral waters do not contain pathogenic bacteria and do not require special cleaning.

Mineral water does not include water that is subjected to additional processing: softened, enriched, passed through special filters. As a result of these manipulations, the chemical composition of water changes greatly. Artificially created mineral water, which is a solution of mineral salts with a composition similar to natural ones, is not considered mineral.

Such water does not correspond to water extracted from the bowels of the earth.

The most famous brands of mineral drinking water

Mineral waters due to the degree of their mineralization and the content of a number of biologically active substances are widely used for a number of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, etc.

1. "Borjomi". The source is located in Georgia, 140 km from Tbilisi, at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. The most famous and widespread carbonate bicarbonate-sodium water. Its mineralization is 5.5-7.5 g/l. belongs to the group of medicinal table waters. "Borjomi" is taken for gastritis with high acidity, peptic ulcer, liver diseases, urinary tract, metabolic disorders.
2. "Narzan". Mineral water from two springs in the resort of Kislovodsk (North Caucasus). one of the most valuable medicinal table waters. Mineralization - 2-3 g/l. Water quenches thirst well and increases appetite. It contains carbon dioxide, so it enhances the secretory function of the digestive glands. A large amount of calcium bicarbonate gives it anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. The salts contained, especially magnesium sulfate, sharply increase the evacuation function of the intestines. This water is recommended for diseases of the stomach and intestines, liver due to a decrease in their secretory function and tone, as well as for inflammation of the urinary tract.
3. "Essentuki". Mineral waters obtained from the sources of the Essentuki resort (North Caucasus).
4. “Essentuki No. 2” - medicinal table carbonated water, mineralization 3.1-6.1 g/l. Useful for chronic gastritis, colitis, liver and urinary tract diseases, metabolic disorders.
5. Essentuki No. 4 - medicinal table mineral water (carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium). mineralization 8-10 g/l. Recommended for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, intestinal sluggishness), diseases of the liver, gall bladder and urinary tract, has a beneficial effect on metabolism.
6. Essentuki No. 17 - medicinal mineral water (carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium). Mineralization - 11-14 g/l. In composition and indications it is close to Essentuki No. 4. Prescribed for gastritis with low acidity, chronic cholecystitis and cholangitis, gout, metabolic disorders.
7. Essentuki No. 20 - drinking table carbonated water. Total mineralization - 0.65-1.35 g/l. Increases gastric secretion and improves metabolism. Recommended for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, chronic diseases of the liver, bile and urinary tract, pancreatitis, colitis.
8. Slavic. The source is located on the eastern slope of Mount Zheleznaya in the Zheleznovodsk resort. Belongs to the group of medicinal table waters (carbon dioxide-hydrocarbonate-sulfate-sodium-calcium). Mineralization - 3-4 g/l. Useful for gastritis with high acidity, stomach ulcers, kidney diseases, urinary tract diseases, gynecological diseases, metabolic diseases.

These brands of mineral water are the most famous not only in our country, but also abroad. But they have their analogues among other Russian mineral waters. For example, “Shadrinskaya” is close to “Essentuki No. 4”, and “Nagurskaya No. 26” is close to “Borjomi”.

Currently, more than 800 names are registered in Russia. However, not all of them are mineral, and some of them are simply a solution of salts in ordinary drinking water.

In Pyatigorsk, at the All-Russian meeting to combat the spread of counterfeit mineral waters, it was said that every second bottle in the country is counterfeit. First of all, this concerns the medicinal and medicinal table waters of the Caucasus. Water obtained from a well retains its properties for only a few hours and can be bottled and hermetically packaged immediately after extraction.

Much is illegally exported in tanks and bottled thousands of kilometers from the sources (whereas during the journey it has already lost its medicinal properties).

Many drinking purified waters obtained from wells in regions far from the actual sources are also sold as mineral waters.

How to choose mineral drinking water?

How to choose high-quality mineral water?

Water can deteriorate; in plastic it is stored for no more than 18 months, in glass - up to two years.

Pay attention to the bottle.

1. The label should not be glued crookedly or askew; a self-respecting manufacturer will not stick it on haphazardly.
2. The plug should not turn easily.
3. The bottle must not be dented.
4. A yellowish or greenish tint to the water is acceptable, as is sediment.

Before purchasing the right mineral water, you must carefully read the label.

The label must indicate:

1. Trademark.
2. Type - carbonated, non-carbonated.
3. Information about mineralization.
4. Source name and well number.
5. Manufacturer's address.
6. Where it was spilled, it’s good if it was spilled on the spot.
7. Purpose - medical, dining room, medical dining room.
8. Origin of water (mineral, glacial, artesian, spring).
9. Chemical composition.
10. Date of manufacture, expiration date.
11. Documents according to which it is produced (GOST or TU), according to GOST - a tested well, studied water that can be consumed without fear. According to the specifications - ordinary water, new unexplored wells.

Now a little about plastic. Plastic bottles should not be left in the sun, they may emit harmful substances. Always read the marks on the bottom of the package.

1. The number 1 in the arrows means that this is a disposable bottle and should not be reused.
2. 2 in arrows - afraid of hot water and detergents, is also disposable.
3. 7 or 8 in arrows - durable container for repeated use.
4. 5 - durable material that can withstand high temperatures.

Table drinking water

Table water can be divided into 2 groups:

1. The first category is extracted from wells, open reservoirs or from a water supply. Its only requirement is cleanliness.
2. The highest category is more expensive. but more useful. it is not treated chemically and always contains mineral salts.

If you have heart, kidney or stomach diseases, you need to be careful with large amounts of mineral salts.

A few more important rules.

1. Don't get carried away with distilled water. When processing they use chemical substances, For example. special resin. This substance removes hardness salts, calcium and magnesium salts and replaces them with sodium ions. Sodium blocks the removal of fluid from the body, blocks the work of the heart muscle and puts a serious burden on the kidneys.
2. It is better to buy water in small bottles of 0.5 and 1 liter. Experts are sure that the water in large bottles is highly purified and diluted; it has often been noticed that the water in a small bottle from the same manufacturer is much better.
3. The daily water intake is from 1.5 to 2 liters. You need to drink often. little by little. If you have fluid retention (edema, dark circles under the eyes, then the main volume of water should be drunk before 18.00.
4. Drink water at room temperature.
5. Boil no more than twice.

Conclusion: drinking mineral water is a healthy product, pay attention to the mineralization, if it is not higher than 1 g/l, then you can safely quench your thirst with it. But consume medicinal mineral waters strictly as prescribed by your doctor.

Best regards, Olga.

Stamps- DONAT, NAFTUSYA, ESSENTUKI, NARZAN, SULINKA, STELMAS, NOVOTERSKAYA, SLAVYANOVSKAYA, NAGUTSKAYA, BILINSKA KISELKA, ZAYCHITKA GORKA.
Manufacturers- Russia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia

HEALING MINERAL WATER

Therapeutic mineral water is intended for use in medicinal purposes(used as prescribed by a doctor). This class includes water with a mineralization of more than 10 g/l or with less mineralization - if it contains a certain biological concentration active ingredients.

At medicinal use must be observed certain rules that are based on data scientific research and huge practical experience. They consist in determining: the type of water for each specific disease; its quantity is one dose / per day, in the duration of the course of treatment; in the way of drinking (quickly, in large sips, slowly, in small sips); drinking time in relation to eating time.

Bottled water allows treatment to be carried out in non-resort conditions - in hospitals, sanatoriums and other healthcare institutions, and at home.

DONAT MAGNESIUM (Donat Mg) medicinal mineral water (carbonated) 0.5 l, 1 l / Slovenia
Natural magnesium-sodium-hydrocarbonate-sulfate mineral water of high mineralization (13.0–13.3 g/l). It is obtained from the Donat spring in Rogaska Slatina (Slovenia). Contains a large range of minerals and especially magnesium, which is necessary for cell repair and the prevention of heart disease. Magnesium ensures the oxidation of fatty acids in the body, reduces the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid in the blood. A person needs 350 - 400 mg of magnesium per day; it is easiest to obtain it from water, in which magnesium is already in ionized form.
When taken as a course, water softens the course of diseases of the digestive organs and intestines, and promotes gentle cleansing body and weight loss, stabilizes the condition of metabolic disorders (diabetes, excess cholesterol in the blood), prevents the formation of stones in the bladder, and also effectively strengthens nervous system, heart muscle and immunity, increases stress resistance and prevents atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. It has antispasmodic, choleretic and other effects. Not recommended for drinking without consulting a doctor.

NAFTUSYA medicinal mineral water 0.5 l / Russia
Medicinal, low-mineralized, hydrocarbonate, magnesium-calcium water of the Truskavets field, with a high content of organic substances of petroleum origin, which gives it a specific taste and a characteristic light smell of oil (these characteristics are reflected by the name). Contains iron, copper, lead, manganese, lithium, iodine, bromine and other trace elements.
Medicinal water has a diuretic, choleretic, analgesic effect, relieves inflammatory processes (in the kidneys, urinary and biliary tract, liver, intestines), removes toxins from the body and radionuclides. Indispensable as a preventive natural remedy for urolithiasis and other diseases. Stimulates the cleansing of the kidneys, the release of small stones and sand from them, reduces the danger reappearance stone formation. Normalizes metabolism, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, glands internal secretion, restores and protects liver cells. Helps restore immunity, thanks to its immunomodulatory effect, prevents oncological diseases. Not recommended for drinking without consulting a doctor.

ESSENTUKI No. 17 medicinal mineral water (carbonated) / Russia
It has no analogues in taste and healing effects. Medicinal chloride-bicarbonate sodium, boron natural drinking mineral water of high mineralization (10.0–14.0 g/l). It is extracted from the Essentuki deposit in the Stavropol Territory. The source is located on the territory of the specially protected ecological resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Produced and sold from different manufacturers. In terms of organoleptic properties, the source water is a transparent, colorless, odorless liquid with a saline-alkaline taste. Natural sediment of mineral salts is allowed.
Many years of experience in use testify to its valuable therapeutic effect in the treatment of diseases of the digestive and urinary organs, metabolic disorders and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It has a complex effect on various functional systems of the body, which makes it possible to use it for various digestive diseases, diseases endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders, chronic diseases genitourinary system.
Indications for use: chronic gastritis with normal and decreased secretory function stomach, gastric ulcer and duodenum, chronic colitis, enterocolitis; diseases of the liver and biliary tract: hepatitis, cholecystitis, antiocholitis, chronic pancreatitis; metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus, obesity, gout, uric acid diathesis, oscaluria, phosphaturia, chronic diseases. Not recommended for drinking without consulting a doctor.

HEALING-TABLE MINERAL WATER

The degree of mineralization of medicinal table waters ranges from 1 to 10 g/l. Medicinal table waters can be used periodically as drinks, but this only applies to healthy people. Mineral waters of this class are not recommended as daily drinking for a long time. Treatment is not carried out in case of exacerbation of diseases; there are other contraindications. For therapeutic or long-term use specialist consultation is required.

BILINSKA KYSELKA medicinal table mineral water (still), 1l / Czech Republic
Natural hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral slightly acidic water of medium mineralization with increased content silicic acid. It is extracted from springs in the mountains of Northern Bohemia near the town of Bilina from a depth of 191 m. It has been popular in Europe and beyond for more than three centuries.
Unique in its composition: predominantly sodium bicarbonate water, rich in rare minerals. Its advantage is the harmonious combination of a powerful healing effect with a pleasant taste, which allows it to be used both as medicinal and as table water. The absence of artificial carbonation during bottling makes it possible to use it for conditions such as pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis. Effective in the treatment of peptic ulcers, gastritis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and urolithiasis, gout, obesity and other metabolic disorders. When regularly taken as table mineral water in the amount of 1 - 1.5 liters per day, it can satisfy the body's daily need for calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium.

NARZAN medicinal table sparkling mineral water, 0.5 l, 1 l / Russia
natural mineral sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium water of low mineralization (2.0–3.0 g/l). Source - Kislovodskoye field, Stavropol Territory (bottled since 1894). It has natural carbonation (a mixture of carbon dioxide and inert gases). It is considered the standard mineral water. Contains 20 minerals and trace elements, which is very rare given the relatively low total mineralization. 1 liter contains: calcium - 35% of the daily value, magnesium - 30% of the daily value, sodium and potassium - 10% of the daily value of an adult.
Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the acute phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, stomach and/or duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gall bladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for gastric ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, salt and lipid metabolism disorders, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis disease, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis.

NOVOTERSKAYA Healing medicinal table mineral water (carbonated) 0.5 l, 1.5 l / Russia
Natural drinking mineral water is hydrocarbonate-sulfate, calcium-sodium, siliceous, low-mineralized (mineralization 4.0–5.3 g/l). The springs are located on the territory of the specially protected ecological resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (Novotersky village, Stavropol Territory). For its excellent taste characteristics, it was awarded the highest awards at prestigious international and Russian exhibitions.
The therapeutic and prophylactic properties of water are unique: it helps to avoid diseases of the stomach, pancreas, kidneys, liver, bile and urinary tract; strengthens musculoskeletal tissue and the human nervous system, especially those associated with hazardous working conditions. Recommended as prophylactic to increase resistance in people working in harmful conditions labor and living in areas with unfavorable environmental conditions. Not indicated for patients with low stomach acidity. Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the acute phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, stomach and/or duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gall bladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for gastric ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, salt and lipid metabolism disorders, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis.

SLAVYANOVSKAYA medicinal table mineral water (carbonated).5 l, 1.5 l / Russia
Natural drinking mineral water, sulfate-hydrocarbonate, calcium-sodium, low mineralization, carbonic acid. It is extracted from the Slavyanovsky spring in the resort of Zheleznovodsk, on the Caucasian Mineral Waters. According to the composition and effect of the water type “Zheleznovodskaya” (including “Smirnovskaya”).
It is used for drinking treatment for diseases of the stomach, urinary organs, metabolic disorders, and also as a table drink. Allowed for people on a diet. Increases the body's resistance to various unfavorable factors(alcohol, smoking, stress, poor environmental or meteorological conditions, etc.). Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the acute phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, stomach and/or duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gall bladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for gastric ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, salt and lipid metabolism disorders, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis. Not indicated for patients with low stomach acidity.

SULINKA Silicon (SULINKA) medicinal table mineral water (carbonated), 0.5 l, 1.25 l / Slovakia
Natural mineral drinking water is extracted from wells over 500 m deep in the vicinity of Stara Lubovna (Slovakia). The degree of mineralization is 4500–7500 mg/liter. In 1 l. water contains the daily norm of silicon (important for the elasticity of blood vessels, bones, tendons, skin, hair shine, strong nails, for the prevention cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, arthrosis, susceptibility to injury). Contains 13 of 15 vital minerals. Normalizes mineral balance in the body, as well as the absorption of vitamins. It has bactericidal properties - promotes faster healing of burns and wounds. Helps normalize blood cholesterol and sugar levels. Positively affects the recovery process bone tissue, tendons and cartilage, and also increases the growth of hair and nails. Cleanses and rejuvenates the skin, promotes elasticity blood vessels. Maintains hormonal balance and has a positive effect on prostate function. Cleanses the body of harmful impurities. Recommended for pregnant and lactating women and children under 11 years of age.
Applicable in for preventive purposes: general cleansing body, disease digestive tract, chronic gastritis, liver diseases, chronic pancreatitis and hepatitis, diseases of the biliary and urinary tract, prevention of metabolic diseases.

STELMAS MG-SO4 (STELMAS Mg and SO4) medicinal table mineral water (carbonated), 1 l, 1.5 l / Russia
Natural sulfate calcium-magnesium-sodium mineral water of medium mineralization (4,500 – 6,500 mg/l). It is mined in the Stavropol Territory in the North Caucasus from a depth of 250 meters. Contains a large amount of sulfates (SO4), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca). Sulfate-containing waters (SO4 > 2500 mg/l) improve the physicochemical properties of bile, cholesterol and protein metabolism substances contribute to the gradual contraction of the gallbladder, reducing bile stagnation, improving its outflow from the bile ducts and bladder. Can be used as drinking water to cleanse the body and lose weight (has a pronounced laxative effect when taken once before meals). The Magnesium (Mg) content helps calm the nervous system and improve the metabolic process in the body, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Indications for use: Cleansing the body, chronic gastritis with normal, increased and decreased secretory function of the stomach; chronic diseases of the liver, bile and urinary tract; chronic pancreatitis, hepatitis.

ATTENTION!
Using our electronic catalog, you can order and purchase the specified products.

If any product is out of stock, use the ORDER UNFOUND DRUGS function.
Your order will be processed subject to the availability of goods from suppliers.

Mineral natural drinking waters are waters extracted from aquifers or aquifer complexes that are protected from anthropogenic influence, preserving their natural chemical composition and related to food products, and with increased mineralization or with an increased content of certain biologically active components, they have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect.

The following are not considered natural mineral waters:

• a mixture of groundwater from aquifers with different conditions formation of their hydrochemical types or a mixture of groundwater of different hydrochemical types;
• a mixture of natural mineral water with drinking water or with artificially mineralized water.

Mineral drinking water should be transparent, colorless or with shades ranging from yellowish to greenish color liquid, with a taste and odor characteristic of the substances it contains. Mineral water may contain sediment from the mineral salts it contains.

Classification of drinking mineral waters

• fresh (mineralization up to 1 g per dm³ inclusive);
• low-mineralized (mineralization more than 1 to 2 g per dm³ inclusive);
• low-mineralized (mineralization more than 2 to 5 g per dm³ inclusive);
• medium-mineralized (more than 5 to 10 g per dm³ inclusive);
• highly mineralized (more than 10 to 15 g per dm³ inclusive).

Depending on the purpose, drinking mineral waters are classified into:

By chemical composition There are six classes of mineral waters: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. There is another interpretation of this classification - according to ionic composition:

Depending on the gas composition and the presence of specific components, mineral waters are divided into: carbon dioxide, sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), nitrogen, siliceous (H 2 SiO 3), bromide, iodide, ferruginous, arsenic, radioactive (), etc.

The reaction of water (the degree of acidity or alkalinity, expressed by the value) has important to evaluate its therapeutic effect. Acidic waters have a pH = 3.5-6.8, neutral - 6.8-7.2, alkaline - 7.2-8.5 and higher.

Geology

Patterns of distribution of mineral waters (in general view) are determined by geological structural features, the geological history of the given territory, as well as geomorphological, meteorological and hydrological factors. In the area of ​​young folded structures, carbon dioxide and nitrogen mineral waters are often found. The deep-lying parts of the foothill depressions are characterized by highly mineralized mineral waters and even brine enriched with hydrogen sulfide. Calcium chloride and sodium chloride waters are common in the deep horizons of platform depressions; above lies the zone of sulfate waters and, finally, in highest zone- hydrocarbonate type waters. Within the boundaries of crystalline massifs and shields there are mineral waters of various chemical compositions. Radioactive mineral waters are more often associated with massifs of acidic crystalline rocks.

Mineral waters can be groundwater (poured to the surface by gravity) and pressure water (artesian, gushing).

Carbon dioxide waters of young folded structures are common in the Caucasus, Pamir, Sayan Mountains, Kamchatka, Transcarpathia, Southern Tien Shan, Transbaikalia and other places. These waters belong to the well-known types of mineral waters - North Caucasian Narzan (and Burkut - Carpathian Narzan), Borjomi (Georgia), Arzni (Armenia) and Essentuki (KavMinVody). Nitrogen waters often outline areas of carbonated mineral waters and are associated with zones of tectonic faults and fissures in igneous rocks. Nitrogen mineral waters are known in the Tien Shan and Altai, hot nitrogen waters are known in Tbilisi, Krasnodar and Pyatigorsk. Hot radioactive mineral waters are found in Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, KavMinVody and Altai Territory, as well as the Khmelnytsky group (Khmelnyk, Vinnytsia region), Mironovsky group (Mironovka, Kiev region), Polonsky group of resorts (Polnoye, Khmelnytsky region) and others. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters - on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus () and KavMinVody (Pyatigorsk, Gaazo-Ponomarevsky spring of Essentukov), in Dagestan (Talgi) and the Terek-Sunzha Upland (Sernovodsk-Caucasian), in the Carpathian region (Truskavets [including sulfur hydrocarbons], Nemirov, Velikiy Lyuben, Shklo) and the Urals, Fergana Valley, etc. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters accompany oil fields and natural gas, as well as gases from volcanic eruptions. Glauberian, salt and salt-alkaline mineral springs are known in the foothills of the Carpathians and Crimea, in the region of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression (the most famous among them are in Truskavets and Morshyn, Lviv region and Mirgorod, Poltava region).

Chemical composition

Previously, clinicians believed that everything depended on the method of administration. If you drink water 10-15 minutes before meals, it stimulates gastric secretion, if one and a half to two hours before, it slows down. It has now been established that the secretory reaction depends not only on the method (time) of administration, but also to a large extent on the chemical composition of the water.

Since mineral waters are among the external irritants acting on the body, they cause quite definite natural changes in it. These patterns, according to the teachings of I.P. Pavlov and N.E. Vvedensky, consist in the phase nature of responses, the nature of which largely depends on the initial state of the body. In drinking treatment, as well as in balneotherapy, three phases of the action of mineral water are distinguished: complex reflex, neurochemical and aftereffect phase. But this division is somewhat conditional.

The first phase is characterized by the body's reactions under the influence of irritation of the receptors of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract by mineral water. Excitation in this phase is carried out according to the type of both unconditional and conditioned reflex reactions. Moreover, with unconditioned reflexes, the reflex arc closes in the subcortical centers, while the path of conditioned reflexes goes through the cerebral cortex.

The second phase is closely related to the first. It starts from the moment of absorption components mineral waters and their effects on the interoceptive fields of the body. In this phase highest value have chemical substances (mediators) formed in the body as a result of the effect of mineral water on the receptors of the digestive tract.

The aftereffect phase is associated with changes in metabolism under the influence of mineral waters.

Existence three phases The effect of mineral water on the body, in particular on the gastrointestinal tract, has been confirmed by a number of experimental and clinical studies.

Mineral waters come into contact primarily with the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines. The mechanism of their stimulating and inhibitory effects on the function of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out with the help of hormones.

The specific effect is determined by the composition of mineral waters. It has been established that the secretory reaction of the glandular apparatus of the stomach largely depends on the chemical (and gas) composition of water, so it is not the same when drinking different mineral waters. Introduced into the body [taken orally], they change the acid-base balance gastric juice, blood and urine. A change in the alkaline reserve of the blood affects the nature of the reaction of secretions secreted in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, despite the fact that the method of taking mineral water plays a big role in the therapeutic effect, when prescribing it internally, it is first necessary to select a type of water whose effect on the body will contribute to the expected changes in gastric secretion. In case of reduced secretion (hypoacid gastritis), it is necessary to use waters that have a powerful juice-containing effect; in case of increased secretion (hyperacid gastritis), it is necessary to use water that has an inhibitory effect. A correctly prescribed method of taking mineral water (for low secretion 10-20 minutes before meals, for high secretion - an hour or two hours, in the case of normal secretion - 40 minutes) will provide the necessary therapeutic effect on the corresponding digestive glands, thereby enhancing the direction of the action of water on the body.

The temperature of the mineral water also matters (non-specific). Hot water is used for hyperacid (high acidity) gastritis and peptic ulcers. If the patient has intestinal atony, a tendency to constipation, it is more useful cold water(it increases peristalsis [ motor function] stomach and intestines, promotes spasm biliary tract and intestines). In all other (predominant) cases, the temperature should be 33-44 °C. Warm water has an antispasmodic and analgesic effect (helps relieve spasms and remove mucus).

The dosage of mineral waters for drinking treatment depends on their chemical composition, mineralization, as well as on the type of disease and the patient’s condition. With a content of 2-10 g of salts per liter ( ordinary waters low and medium mineralization) mineral water is prescribed three times a day before meals, 200-250 milliliters (1-1.5 cups), but when the patient’s body is weakened, they start with a lower dose - 50-100 ml (0.5 cups) , followed by an increase to normal. This technique is also used for those with a tendency to diarrhea and unstable cardiovascular activity.

When there is a tendency to spasms of the pylorus, as a result of which the evacuation of food from the stomach into the intestines is disrupted, it is recommended to take additional mineral water during the digestion process 2-4 times in small portions 30-50 milliliters (between meals). This better reduces the acidity of the stomach contents.

In some cases, for example, if drainage of the bile ducts is necessary, 400-500 ml of mineral water is taken on an empty stomach. It is recommended to drink it in two doses with a break of 25-40 minutes. Large doses of mineral waters are prescribed for diseases of the urinary tract in order to properly rinse them. Then take water 5-6 (and sometimes more) times a day, a glass and a half. And with all appointments you need to take into account the condition of cardio-vascular system patient and water-salt metabolism. In case of disturbances in these areas of the body's activity large quantities mineral waters (as well as highly mineralized ones) are contraindicated.

The following main types of carbonated waters are distinguished:

Bottled mineral waters

Pouring mineral water into hermetically sealed containers after pre-carbonation carbon dioxide allows you to preserve their salt composition and medicinal properties. This makes it possible to use medicinal drinking waters in non-resort settings.

Many resorts tend to use a small number of sources for bottling. But mineral waters from a large number of manufacturers enter the distribution network. When choosing, you should take into account the recommendations on the label: “Used for diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract,” or even shorter: “Used for diseases of the digestive system.” Neither one nor the other makes it possible for even a doctor to navigate the choice of water. To select the medicinal drinking water needed for a given disease, you need to know what type it is. And knowledge of its analogues will help, in the event of the absence of the [requested] prescribed water, to choose an equivalent replacement.

Typically, the bottle label lists the chemical composition of water in grams or milligrams per liter [or dm³] (mmol/L or mEq/dm³). However, it is quite difficult to determine the approximate salt composition from these data, especially for a non-specialist. Below is a description of the main medicinal drinking mineral waters in bottles.

For each of them, the table shows the formula of M.E. Kurlov and the approximate salt composition as a percentage of the total mineralization. To have more full view about chem. composition, the formula shows all anions and cations, regardless of their quantity. The waters are grouped according to the classification of V. A. Alexandrov. Low-mineralized ones (with salt content up to 2 g/l) are isolated separately.

The question (preferences) of prescription is decided by the doctor after a comprehensive examination of the patient and establishing accurate diagnosis. The type of mineral water is prescribed depending on the state of secretory, motor and acid-forming functions.

Group of chloride waters

For gastritis, characterized by inhibited motor function and low acidity of gastric juice, sodium chloride water is recommended. They improve the secretion of the digestive glands. Once in the stomach, sodium chloride waters enhance peristalsis, stimulating the secretion of gastric juice. Chlorine and hydrogen ions serve as the main material from which hydrochloric acid is produced, which determines the acidity of gastric juice. And hydrochloric acid stimulates the activity of the pancreas and the secretion of intestinal enzymes. All this helps improve digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Mineral water for gastritis with low acidity should be taken shortly before meals - 10-15 minutes before heating (30-40 °C). You need to drink slowly, in small sips. This technique corresponds to the direction of action of sodium chloride components. Water does not have time to leave the stomach and, lingering in it along with food, irritates the receptors, stimulates its secretion, thereby enhancing digestive ability.

To preserve carbon dioxide, which in the treatment of hypoacid gastritis acts as an additional healing factor, it is recommended to heat a small amount of water to more high temperature, and then dilute it cold.

Chloride (salty and bitter-salty) waters occupy a fairly significant place among bottled medicinal drinking waters. They contain mainly salts of the chloride group. Sometimes they contain a small amount of bicarbonates or sulfates - a few percent. The cationic composition of these waters is most often represented by sodium, which, in combination with chlorine, forms table salt, hence their salty taste. Sodium chloride sharply prevails over other salts in almost all chloride waters.

In bitter salty waters ah there is quite a lot of magnesium chloride, although it is always much less than table salt. The content of calcium chloride sometimes reaches large values, even exceeding the amount of dissolved table salt. This is the so-called calcium chloride type of water.

Sodium chloride waters

The group of sodium chloride (salty) bottled waters recommended for hypoacid (low acidity) gastritis includes “Nizhneserginskaya”, “Talitskaya”, “Tyumenskaya”. These are sulfate-free waters with a mineralization of 6.3, 9.5 and 5.3 grams per liter, respectively, and a high percentage of sodium chloride (89-91%). In addition, “Talitskaya” contains bromine (35 mg/l) and iodine (3 mg/l), while “Tyumenskaya” has 26 mg/l bromine and 3 mg/l iodine.

The type of sulfate-free sodium chloride water is “Yavornytska” (Transcarpathia) with a mineralization of 10.5 g/l. It contains 75% table salt, the rest is bicarbonates (8% soda and 13% calcium bicarbonate).

Sodium chloride waters have slightly less table salt: “Minskaya” with a mineralization of 4.3 grams per liter and “Nartan” (Nalchik) with a content of 8.1 grams of salts per liter. The first contains 77% sodium chloride, the second - 71%. Both are present in small quantities sulfates ( Glauber's salt 14 and 12%, respectively); in Nartan water, 8% of the total mineralization is soda.

Sodium chloride waters also include Karmadon, Mirgorodskaya, and Kuyalnik waters with a mineralization of 3.8, 2.8 and 3.1 g/l. The first two contain 79 and 83% table salt, the latter - 61%. In “Mirgorodskaya” and in the source “Kuyalnik No. 4” there are sulfates (Glauber’s salt): in the first - 9, in the second - 16%. Karmadon and the Kuyalnik spring contain hydrocarbonates. Soda makes up 13% in the first, and only 1% in the second (the springs of the Kuyalnitsky resort are characterized by a high content of hydrocarbonates).

Calcium chloride (bitter) waters

Calcium chloride waters (bitter and bitter-salty) reduce the permeability of vascular walls and have a hemostatic effect. They are also known as an expectorant. These waters are also prescribed for the treatment of the digestive organs; they increase the enzymatic power of gastric juice, improve protein function liver, increase the formation of urea and its excretion in the urine. Such waters also have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. Purely calcium chloride waters rarely found in nature. Among bottled medicinal drinking waters, this type of water is represented by the Lugela spring, containing a 5% solution calcium chloride.

Chlorides of mixed cationic composition

The Baltic springs are rich in chloride waters of mixed cationic composition with a predominance of sodium (salty): “Druskininkai”, “Valmierskaya”, “Kemeri”, “Vytautas” and “Birute” have a mineralization of 7.5, 6.2, 4.8, respectively. , 8.3 and 2.4 g/l.

The first three sources are of the sodium-calcium chloride type. Table salt in them is (in order): 63, 68, 48, 64, 50%. IN first three All three chloride salts are present, the last two lack calcium chloride. All these waters contain sulfates, represented by gypsum [within 25 percent equivalents], but in the Valmierska spring there are only 6%, in the Druskininkai water - 14, and in the Ķemeri spring - 23%. The waters “Vytautas” and “Birutė” contain gypsum (12 and 9%, respectively) and magnesium (5 and 7%).

Group of hydrocarbonate waters

At hyperacid gastritis and peptic ulcers, which are accompanied by increased acid-forming and secretory function of the stomach, treatment is prescribed with sodium bicarbonate (alkaline) waters. By replenishing the lack of blood carbonates, they increase the body's alkaline reserves. Under their influence, the content of hydrogen ions (pH) in the body decreases, which, together with chlorine ions, serve to produce hydrochloric acid. By averaging the acidic contents of the stomach, alkaline waters contribute to its faster evacuation. As a result of drinking alkaline waters, heartburn, belching, and a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region are eliminated.

Hydrocarbonate waters “Kuka”, “Elbrus” (Polyana Narzanov, Elbrus region) and “Tursh-Su”, with a mineralization in the first two sources of 2.8, and in the last 3.5 g / l, also have a mixed cationic composition. The first of these contains magnesium and calcium bicarbonates in approximately equal quantities(41 and 48%), and in the Tursh-Su source there are 40 and 27%. Both waters also contain soda (in the first - 7, in the second - 19%) and a little Glauber’s salt (4 and 9%, respectively); in the Elbrus spring there are 33% soda, 30% calcium bicarbonate and 17% table salt. All of them contain iron (19-27 mg/l).

Group of sulphate waters

Diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract are usually accompanied by insufficient formation and (or) delayed secretion of bile. This makes it difficult to digest food. On the other hand, retention of bile in the liver threatens poisoning. For the treatment of this type of disease, mainly sulfate waters, which have a choleretic effect, are used. Waters of magnesium composition are particularly intense in this regard. Thanks to them, liver cells increase the formation of bile, the peristalsis of the biliary tract increases, the outflow from the gallbladder and ducts improves, thereby ensuring the removal of inflammatory products, creating conditions that prevent the loss of salts from the bile and the formation of stones.

Sulfate waters have an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. Therefore, if liver disease is accompanied by decreased gastric secretion, you need to choose water that contains sodium chlorides along with sulfates. To a much lesser extent than sulfate, they have choleretic properties and . They increase the amount of bilirubin and cholesterol in the duodenal contents, which facilitate the digestion of food, and at the same time stimulate all metabolic processes occurring in the liver. As already noted, these waters help flush out mucus, leukocytes, salts and microbes from the biliary tract.

For the accumulation, storage, transportation and use of mineral waters, there are appropriate balneotechnical devices: captages, above-captage structures and borehole heads, reservoirs, mineral pipelines, as well as bathroom buildings, drinking galleries and pump rooms (for internal use of mineral waters), devices for heating and cooling Minvod.

Internal use of mineral waters is also practiced in non-resort settings. In these cases, imported mineral waters (bottled water) are used. The bottling of these waters is carried out in special factories and workshops of food industry enterprises. For bottling mineral waters in countries former USSR used around 180 mineral springs with a production of over 1 billion bottles per year (over 3,500 mineral springs and wells are known on the territory of the republics of the former Soviet Union). Bottled water is saturated with carbon dioxide to a concentration of 3-4%, which improves its taste and maintains the stability of its chemical composition. The water in the bottle must be colorless, absolutely clean, without odor or unusual (foreign) taste; It is recommended to store bottles in a horizontal (lying) position in a cool place. The effectiveness of non-resort treatment with mineral waters (at home, in a local sanatorium, hospital, clinic) is significantly enhanced if it is combined with adherence to a certain regimen and diet ( therapeutic nutrition) and the use of others therapeutic measures(physiotherapy, physiotherapy, less often drug therapy, etc.).

Diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract are usually accompanied by insufficient formation and (or) delayed secretion of bile. This makes it difficult to digest food. On the other hand, retention of bile in the liver threatens poisoning. For the treatment of this type of disease, mainly sulfate waters, which have a choleretic effect, are used. Waters of magnesium composition are particularly intense in this regard. Thanks to them, liver cells increase the formation of bile, the peristalsis of the biliary tract increases, the outflow from the gallbladder and ducts improves, thereby ensuring the removal of inflammatory products, creating conditions that prevent the loss of salts from the bile and the formation of stones.

Sulfate waters have an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. Therefore, if liver disease is accompanied by decreased gastric secretion, you need to choose water that contains sodium chlorides along with sulfates. Alkaline waters also have choleretic properties to a much lesser extent than sulfate waters. They increase the amount of bilirubin and cholesterol in the duodenal contents, which facilitate the digestion of food, and at the same time stimulate all metabolic processes occurring in the liver. As already noted, these waters help flush out mucus, leukocytes, salts and microbes from the biliary tract.

The method of taking choleretic waters depends on the acidity of the gastric juice: if it is low, drink water 15 minutes before meals, if it is normal - 45 minutes, and if it is high - one and a half hours before meals. Compliance with these rules enhances the effect of mineral water, which must be heated to 40 °C.

If intestinal disease is accompanied by a tendency to constipation, sulfate waters are prescribed, since they have not only a choleretic, but also a laxative effect (in high concentrations, in particular, magnesium sulfate). Such waters are slowly absorbed in the intestine, as a result of which its contents long time remains liquid. By enhancing intestinal peristalsis, sulfate waters promote bowel movement. By the way, intestinal regulation has a beneficial effect on liver function. Sodium chloride waters with a salt content of 10 g/l and higher (with “relatively high” mineralization) are also used; they also cause loose stools. This occurs as a result of an increased flow of fluid from the tissue (due to osmosis) and increased peristalsis. Sodium chloride waters with a significant salt content (high concentrations) are contraindicated if they tend to retain water in the body tissues.

Low-mineralized sodium chloride mineral waters, on the contrary, are quickly absorbed in the intestines, which is why they are prescribed for those prone to diarrhea. In this case, high concentrations of salts are also harmful.

The time of administration (in these cases), as usual, is dictated by the acidity of the gastric juice: with low acidity - 10-15 minutes, high acidity - 1.5-2 hours, and with normal acidity - 40 minutes before meals. The temperature of mineral water depends on the type of disease: for intestinal atony and a tendency to constipation, it is more useful to take water at room temperature, otherwise [diarrhea] it should be heated to a temperature of 30-40 °C.

Bottled sulfate waters have a low concentration of salts - from 2.4 to 3.9 g/l, with the exception of Batalinsky spring water - 21 g/l. Sulfate salts predominate in all sulfate waters. Alkalies are absent or present in small quantities - within 10%. The hydrocarbonate group is usually represented by a calcareous component. There are also few chlorides, mostly table salt.

Sulphate mineral waters They reduce the activity of gastric secretion and affect the intestines. They cleanse the body of toxic substances, normalize liver function, and regulate bowel movements. Sulfate waters eliminate inflammatory processes in gallbladder, prevent the formation gallstones, remove pigments, bile acids, have a choleretic effect.

These waters speed up metabolism. Sulfates slow down the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. These mineral waters are used for liver diseases and related stomach diseases, such as gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, ulcers, chronic urinary tract diseases, as well as anemia. They help well with high acidity and speed up treatment diabetes mellitus and obesity, increase sexual potency.

Additional components of sulfate mineral waters enhance their therapeutic effect and give a specific focus. For example, sulfate-chloride waters are a good choleretic and laxative. Drink sulfate-chloride Water is better before meals, 10-15 minutes. Sulfate-hydrocarbonate waters slow down gastric secretion. Drinking such waters improves performance pancreas .

Characteristics of mineral waters and diseases cured by them

• Atsylyk - bicarbonate-sodium water of the Atsylyk spring, widely known in North Ossetia, Dagestan, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and Georgia. Atsylyk is not only a table drink, but also effective remedy in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, liver, kidneys, etc.
• Batalinskaya - bitter mineral water with high content magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, is known primarily as a very effective laxative. Simultaneous use 1-1.5 glasses of Batalinskaya (preferably on an empty stomach) causes rapid and complete bowel movement. Batalinskaya is indispensable in the treatment of chronic constipation.

The advantage of Batalinskaya water is that it can be taken periodically for a long time without fear of any harmful consequences. It is taken in the treatment of hemorrhoids, stagnation in the system portal vein, she renders beneficial influence on metabolic processes, especially in obesity.

• "White Hill" - chloride-sodium-calcium water with high mineralization. The water of the Belaya Gorka spring (Voronezh region) contains a significant amount of calcium chloride, as well as bromine. Used in treatment various diseases gastrointestinal tract, gout.
• Berezovskaya - ferrous hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium water of low concentration. Possesses pleasant taste, is widely used as a table drink. Recommended for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract, regulates gastrointestinal secretion, increases diuresis, enhances hematopoiesis.
• Borjomi - sodium bicarbonate water, which can be successfully used for treatment gastrointestinal diseases, for diseases of the liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders. Useful for stomach catarrh, stomach and duodenal ulcers, chronic intestinal catarrh, chronic liver and biliary tract diseases, urolithiasis, colds, bronchitis, mild forms of diabetes.
• Essentuki No. 4 - carbonic bicarbonate-chloride-sodium mineral water of moderate concentration. Widely used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as for diseases of the liver, gall bladder and urinary tract. Has a beneficial effect on the course of metabolic processes.
• Essentuki No. 17 - carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium water, has a significant concentration minerals. It is used with great success for the same diseases as Essentuki No. 4 (often in combination with it, for example, in the morning, water No. 17 is taken, and in the afternoon - water No. 4).
• Essentuki No. 20 - a common table drink. Belongs to the type of sulfate-hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnium waters low concentration. Has a beneficial effect on intestinal functions and promotes normal digestion. This is not only table water, but also an effective remedy that works well for metabolic and urinary tract diseases.
• Izhevskaya - sulfate calcium chloride mineral water of the Izhevsk spring. A refreshing table drink that has an excellent taste and quenches thirst well. Taken in the morning on an empty stomach, it has a laxative and diuretic effect.

Izhevskaya is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver and biliary tract, diseases of the urinary tract, and metabolic disorders.

• "Martin" - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sodium-magnesium water with a high content of free carbon dioxide. Mineral water "Swallow" in its own way physical and chemical properties It is also close to Borjomi-type waters and is very popular in Transbaikalia and the Far East, not only as medicinal mineral water, but also as a tasty, pleasant table drink.
• Mirgorodskaya - sodium chloride mineral water of the Essentuki type No. 4 and No. 17. The use of this water affects the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, increases the secretion of bile, stimulates the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, and improves metabolism.
• Moscow - mineral water of the Moscow deep borehole, is characterized by low mineralization and belongs to the type of sulfate-calcium-magnesium waters. The chemical composition is similar to Essentuki water No. 20.

Moskovskaya is a delicious table drink that is refreshing and quenches thirst; it is successfully used in the treatment of chronic gastritis, normalizes gastric motility and reduces heartburn, belching, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, is useful for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, since its use has a choleretic effect.

• Narzan - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-calcium water of the Narzan spring in Kislovodsk. This water is famous as a refreshing, thirst-quenching and slightly appetite-stimulating table drink.

Narzan enhances intestinal motility and secretory activity of the digestive glands, increases the amount of urine, and promotes the dissolution of phosphates. The salts of magnesium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate contained in narzan have a beneficial effect on the body when catarrhal diseases urinary tract.

• Naftusya (Truskavetskaya) - low-mineralized hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium water. Used to treat urinary tract problems, urolithiasis, and stimulates bile formation.
• Polyustrovskaya - ferrous, slightly mineralized water from a spring discovered in the 18th century in the vicinity of St. Petersburg (near the village of Polustrovo, which means “swamp” in Finnish). Water contains a large amount of ferrous iron. It is successfully used to treat anemia, blood loss, general loss of strength, and in the postoperative period. It is also a drink that quenches thirst well and is especially useful for workers in hot shops where the air contains carbon monoxide. Polyustrovskaya increases the number of red blood cells, which are partially destroyed by carbon monoxide. Long-term use of it increases the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. After additional carbonation, it is used as table water. A number of carbonated fruit and berry drinks are produced based on Polyustrovskaya water.
• "Polyana Kvasova" - carbonic bicarbonate-sodium water with a significant content of carbon dioxide. “Polyana” is superior to Borjomi in its mineralization and amount of hydrocarbonate. It is used with great success in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, liver, etc. Its use affects gastric secretion and acidity, thins mucus, increases diuresis and enhances the secretion of urinary sand.
• Growled-su - bicarbonate-sodium water of the Rychal-su spring. In its physical and chemical composition it is close to Borjomi. Rychal-su is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and metabolic disorders.
• Sairme - carbon dioxide bicarbonate sodium-calcium water, indicated for diseases of the stomach, in particular gastritis with high acidity, stomach and duodenal ulcers, functional intestinal disorders, chronic kidney diseases, obesity, mild forms of diabetes.
• Slavyanovskaya - almost identical in chemical composition to Smirnovskaya. It is only less saturated with natural carbon dioxide and more radioactive. Slavyanovskaya, like Smirnovskaya, has proven itself in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
• Smirnovskaya - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-sodium-calcium water of the Zheleznovodsk hot spring. This water is very effective in treating gastric and duodenal ulcers. Smirnovskaya, taken 1-1.5 hours before meals, leads to inhibition of the process of secretion of gastric juice and is therefore extremely useful in the treatment of gastric diseases with high acidity. This water also has a very beneficial effect in the treatment of the liver, biliary and urinary tracts.