Signs of poisoning, what to do. Video - food poisoning. What to do if gastrointestinal bleeding begins

Signs of poisoning will depend on the amount of low-quality products or poisons that have entered the gastrointestinal tract. To the symptoms of this pathological condition include: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, increased salivation, falling blood pressure, dehydration, increased body temperature. IN severe cases possible dysfunction of the central nervous system, coma.

Signs food poisoning appear 1-2 hours after ingesting a poor-quality dish or toxic substance. In some cases, they may appear within a day. The cause of the pathological condition is the consumption of poorly produced products, dishes, or improperly stored products. Poisoning can be caused by mushrooms, shrimp, oysters, mussels, undercooked meat, fish liver, caviar, milk, smoked meat or fish, dairy products, and home-canned foods.

Symptoms of poisoning in children and pregnant women

In contrast, children are less developed vomiting reflex, their poisoning is much more severe. It is accompanied by weakness, diarrhea, weakening of cardiac and renal functions, cyanosis skin. Children's body loses fluid faster and develops diarrhea; dehydration is the main threat to a child's life.

Symptoms of poisoning in women are few from the signs of toxicosis. These include weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, cramping pain in the epigastric region, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, headache. However, they can be more pronounced, since toxicosis aggravates the discomfort. Diarrhea and vomiting can cause blood to thicken and form blood clots. Dehydration activates the synthesis of oxytocin, which can lead to increased uterine contractions.

Signs of poisoning with certain foods

Mushroom poisoning is serious condition life-threatening. Its symptoms appear 4-6 hours after eating poisonous mushrooms. Signs of intoxication include fever, pain in the muscles of the body, severe pain in the abdomen, urinary retention, bloody diarrhea, drop in blood pressure, slow pulse, suffocation, convulsions.

Signs of fish poisoning are characterized by rapid development. They appear 20-30 minutes after eating the dish. These include: vomiting, abdominal cramps, impaired vision and coordination, dizziness to the point of loss of consciousness.

Food poisoning from dairy products is characterized by an acute onset. It manifests itself sudden weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps. In some cases, body temperature rises.

Every person has experienced food poisoning at least once in their life. Doctors distinguish between two types of poisoning. The first type is the consumption of poisonous mushrooms, plants, and berries that are not suitable for ingestion. The second group is the ingestion of spoiled, contaminated or dirty products, which lead to intoxication of the body. This is the type of poisoning we encounter most often. Food poisoning often awaits us if we dine in dubious establishments Catering. Poisoning often occurs when hygiene rules are not followed - unwashed fruits and vegetables can be dangerous. The risk of developing food poisoning also depends on the condition digestive tract. If the intestines are weak, they react to the slightest changes in diet. In addition, the type of infection is distinguished - poisoning with simple bacteria goes away in a few days, but, for example, salmonellosis is much more difficult to treat. In this article, we will try to understand food poisoning - consider its symptoms, learn how to act in case of poisoning and how to treat it at home.

Symptoms of food poisoning

Symptoms of food intoxication may not always be characteristic; sometimes the absence of vomiting and diarrhea leads a person to other diagnoses; the patient may associate weakness and bad feeling with colds and other pathologies. Let's try to figure out how poisoning can manifest itself.

Most often, poisoning is accompanied by pain in the gastrointestinal tract various localizations– in the stomach or intestines, it can even sting your side.

A feeling of nausea appears, and in some cases vomiting occurs.

In most cases, a person develops diarrhea, but this does not always happen. By the way, the absence of vomiting and diarrhea is much more dangerous, because toxins do not leave the body, their concentration increases more and more.

Often the patient's abdomen is swollen and develops strong gas formation, flatulence.

Intoxication makes itself felt - weakness, poor health, and dizziness appear. In children this manifests itself especially clearly - the baby constantly lies down, even if by nature he is very active and mobile.

At severe poisoning The temperature may rise, fever, chills, joint aches may occur, and fog may appear before the eyes.

With obvious dehydration, when a person suffers from diarrhea and vomiting, the smell of acetone appears from the mouth. In such a situation, you need to urgently consult a doctor.

Poisoning can occur within an hour after consuming a spoiled product. Maximum time It takes 24 hours for signs of food poisoning to appear.

First aid for food poisoning

If you are poisoned by low-quality, dirty or spoiled products, it is very important to act wisely in the first hours. As soon as you suspect you are poisoned, analyze what you ate Lately. If you are not sure about the freshness or sterility of the prepared dishes, it is better to do a gastric lavage. This will help cleanse the body of the remnants of spoiled food that has not yet been absorbed into the walls. Remember, the fewer toxins in the body, the faster you will recover. You can remove the remnants of these toxins using weak solution potassium permanganate. Make pale pink water, drink at least two glasses of the solution, after which the body itself will experience the urge to vomit. Once you have emptied your stomach, you need to drink and vomit again. This should be done until food stops coming out of the stomach and the water remains clean. If there is no urge to vomit, drink more water and press your fingers on the root of the tongue - the contents of the stomach will come out very quickly.

IN difficult cases In a hospital setting, not only the stomach, but also the intestines are washed. To do this, they do a cleansing enema to rid the intestinal walls of toxins that have penetrated beyond the stomach. After washing the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to take sorbents. The simplest option is Activated carbon, which should be taken in a dosage of one tablet per 10 kg of weight. That is, if your weight is 60 kg, you need to drink at least 6 tablets of coal at a time. Instead of this sorbent, you can drink what you have on hand - Filtrum, Polysorb, Enterosgel, Smecta, etc. If vomiting occurs after taking the sorbent, repeat the procedure after half an hour, do not be afraid of an overdose. Try to hold back vomiting at least a little, after a few minutes the sorbent will begin to act and the nausea will pass.

The best cure for food poisoning is fasting. Under no circumstances should you eat in the first hours after intoxication, even if you want to. Doctors say that fasting is much more beneficial, even than dieting, although not everyone can handle it. If you do not eat anything for 24 hours, the body will be able to cope with the poisoning faster, and there will be no trace of the disease. But eating is an additional burden. Compassionate mothers who are trying to feed their baby during the period of poisoning should know about this, with the words “He will not have the strength to fight the disease.”

You can’t eat, but you can and even need to drink. Excessive vomiting and diarrhea lead to dehydration, which is very dangerous, especially for young children. The fact is that a baby can have physiological stool 10-12 times a day, this is normal. In such a situation, the mother does not immediately notice that the baby has diarrhea. Mucus or blood in stool unusual color bowel movements should alert the mother. Dehydration is very dangerous condition, in a child it can occur in an unrealistic way short time. Therefore, you need to solder the baby. In order not to induce vomiting, it is necessary to give the baby a teaspoon of water every 5 minutes; large portions of liquid will cause the baby to vomit. Helps a lot during poisoning breast-feeding- This is a natural protection against dehydration. However, do not allow prolonged latching - a large portion of milk can lead to the baby vomiting again. It is better to put the baby to the breast more often, but not for long.

Restore water-salt balance in adults and children it is possible using a special solution called Regidron. If you don’t have it on hand, you can prepare the composition yourself - add half a teaspoon of salt per liter of water and the same amount baking soda. Drink as often as possible - liquid flushes out the remaining toxins from the body. After all the above measures, you can lie down to rest, because the patient feels weakened.

As noted, best diet- this is fasting. However, not many people can withstand daily fasting, especially if their health has already returned to normal. But this does not mean that you need to eat questionable foods again, fatty foods and stale fruit. In the first days after poisoning, only lean and light meals are allowed. This is steamed chicken and rabbit meat, plain cereals, crackers, crackers, bananas, baked apples, biscuits. Very good action rice has - it perfectly fixes and relieves diarrhea. Oatmeal is recommended for stomach pain - it gently envelops its walls, relieves spasms, this light food which will not cause discomfort. It’s very good to drink jelly, tea, herbal infusions. Lightweight acceptable vegetarian dishes, without large quantity salt and spices. You should exclude baked goods, heavy meat, fatty, smoked, spicy and fried foods from your diet.

After acute period the disease has passed, some patients note that their stool has still not recovered. This occurs against the background of a violation normal microflora intestines. To correct the situation, you should take a course of probiotics - Linex, Hilak Forte, Acipol, etc. You can improve your gut health by drinking dairy products with live bacteria.

Folk remedies in the fight against poisoning

In the collection of recipes home medicine There are a lot of recommendations that will help get rid of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Cinnamon. Cinnamon powder perfectly absorbs everything unnecessary; it is an excellent natural sorbent. Pour boiling water over a teaspoon of spice, let it brew and cool, drink in small sips throughout the day.

1. Ginger. This excellent remedy in the fight against nausea. Grate the root and add it to the teapot along with the tea leaves. But remember, nausea can only be suppressed if the stomach is completely cleansed.
2. Althea. The root of this plant perfectly removes toxins and stops diarrhea. Pour a tablespoon of crushed root into a glass of boiling water, let it brew and drink 50 ml three times a day.
3. Dill. You need to prepare a decoction from dill seeds - this is an excellent remedy in the fight against flatulence, bloating and increased gas formation.
4. Rose hip. Rose hip decoction contains a lot of acids and vitamin C, which is so necessary for poisoning and dehydration. You should drink the decoction in small portions half an hour before meals.

Recipes home treatment They perfectly restore the body after poisoning, but you should not always rely only on yourself. Some categories of patients should never stay at home if poisoned - only stay in a hospital under the supervision of doctors. Such patients include children under three years of age, pregnant women, and the elderly. If poisoning does not go away, and the symptoms only get worse, you should definitely consult a doctor at any age. You should also consult a therapist or infectious disease specialist if you have a high fever due to poisoning, if a rash appears on the skin, if stool blood appears, vomiting does not stop, or the patient loses consciousness. If you ingest poisonous mushrooms or plants, you should immediately call an ambulance.

How to protect yourself from poisoning

We all know that we need to wash our hands after using the toilet and before eating anything. But, unfortunately, this rule is not always followed, especially if we are talking about children. Here are some more tips to help you protect yourself from poisoning.

You need to eat only in trusted places. Questionable food service outlets, where the seller takes money with one hand and holds a hamburger bun with the other, can be dangerous.

You need to wash your hands before and after preparing food, especially if you handled raw meat or poultry.

Every 2-3 days, check the refrigerator, do not allow food to stagnate. Do not eat products that have expired. If you notice that a product is about to expire, cook something from it for dinner. For example, sausage can be added to pizza, a cupcake can be baked from sour kefir, etc.

Do not leave food open on the table - cockroaches and flies can crawl on it, after which you eat contaminated food.

Keep a separate cutting board in the household for raw meat, fish and birds.

Fry meat, fish and eggs thoroughly.

After opening condensed milk or other canned food, you need to transfer the contents into glass or porcelain containers; food in a metal container oxidizes when exposed to air.

Do not leave cooked soups on the stove overnight; be sure to remove all ready food in the refrigerator. If you didn’t eat the soup right away, but left it for tomorrow, when you eat again, try to warm it up thoroughly, i.e. boil.

And, of course, buy only fresh and quality products, use filtered or boiled water for drinking and cooking.

We can say that food poisoning is a minor disorder that passes quickly, the body recovers in a few days. But sometimes food poisoning can be hiding something more serious, such as salmonellosis or botulism. Therefore, if you cannot cope with poisoning on your own, do not experiment, go to the hospital as soon as possible. After all, any disease can be treated more successfully if you seek help in time!

Video: what to do if a child has food poisoning

Most cases of poisoning are caused by rapid growth in food products Staphylococcus aureus And coli. Poisoning is most often caused by low-quality products that have expired or those that were stored in inappropriate conditions or prepared in violation of sanitary standards.

Test yourself

The first signs of poisoning may appear half an hour after eating low-quality foods, but most often after 4-6 hours, and sometimes after a day.

Typical symptoms of poisoning: diarrhea (watery, foul-smelling stools, undigested leftovers food), severe nausea, repeated vomiting.

Also characterized by weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, heaviness or painful spasms in the stomach area, flatulence, excessive salivation.

Keep in mind

Most often, poisoning is caused by dairy and fermented milk products, cakes and pastries with cream, glazed cheese curds, soft cheese, boiled sausage, pates, eggs, homemade mayonnaise, salads dressed with mayonnaise or sour cream, tomatoes and tomato juice, soybean sprouts.

First aid

At the first signs of food poisoning, the patient’s stomach should be rinsed to empty it. For rinsing, you can use a weak (pale pink) solution of potassium permanganate, filtered through a paper filter or four-layer gauze.

The washing solution must be prepared in advance in the amount of 8-10 liters. It must be warm (temperature - 35-37 °C) in order to prevent hypothermia of the body, as well as slow down intestinal motility, which will slow down the movement of toxic substances through the gastrointestinal tract.

At the first dose, you need to drink from 2-3 to 5-6 glasses, then induce vomiting by irritating the root of the tongue with two fingers.

The washing procedure must be repeated until the flowing water is clean.

We must try to provide the patient with complete rest; if he is shivering, wrap him up warmly.

The first day it is better to abstain from food; on the second day you can introduce broth, pureed vegetable soups with rice, mucous decoctions, gradually expanding the menu. Before full recovery You should avoid pickled, spicy, salty and smoked foods that irritate the gastric mucosa. The patient is advised to drink boiled water, weak sweet tea, berry fruit drinks, jelly. Carbonated drinks are prohibited.

On a note

In case of poisoning, enterosorbents are taken. These drugs bind and remove toxins, poisons, germs and bacteria from the body, preventing toxic substances from entering the blood. They help relieve symptoms of poisoning and normalize a person’s condition.

To prevent dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea, special saline solutions, replenishing fluid loss and restoring acid-base balance, impaired due to loss of electrolytes. They are usually produced in the form of powders, which must be diluted in a liter of hot boiled water. The resulting solution in an amount of 10 ml/kg body weight should be drunk after each loose stool in small sips, spreading the portion over an hour.

By the way

In case of poisoning (including food poisoning, but especially with drugs or alcohol), the liver suffers, because it is this organ that has to neutralize toxins and remove them from the body. Restore normal work The liver is helped by hepatoprotective drugs - herbal or containing essential phospholipids.

They are also used biologically to improve liver function. active additives, containing lecithin, amino acids, antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, selenium and chromium, polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-3.

To the doctor!

Most often, the symptoms of poisoning go away on their own within a week, just symptomatic treatment. However, in some cases, poisoning is dangerous. Be sure to seek medical help if:

• against the background of intestinal and stomach upset the patient has a severe headache, painful sensations in the area of ​​the kidneys, liver or other internal organs;
• the patient has a high temperature, heavy sweating, feeling of suffocation;
• got poisoned Small child or old man;
• there is a suspicion that you have been poisoned by mushrooms;
• stored for two days severe vomiting, diarrhea;
• symptoms of poisoning last longer than a week.

SOS!

Poisoning with home canned food is especially dangerous, in which, due to violations of cooking technologies, botulinum toxin has been formed, causing serious disease- botulism.

Symptoms

The muscles of the eyes and larynx are affected first, then respiratory muscles. Botulism can lead to fatal outcome, therefore, if you suspect him, you should immediately call ambulance.

Prevention

The best prevention of food poisoning is maintaining good hygiene when preparing food, proper storage products and basic vigilance.

Pay attention to the color, smell and taste of food. You should be wary of the unpleasant putrid smell, sourish taste, tingling on the tongue. A sign that the product is spoiled may be a change in its consistency or the appearance of mucus on its surface.

Without regret, throw away moldy foods, spoiled vegetables and fruits, even if only a tiny barrel, swollen cans and bags of juices or dairy products have rotted.

A jar “rolled up” with an iron lid should open with a characteristic pop, indicating that it was sealed hermetically. If there was no cotton, the canned food should not be eaten.

When purchasing, be sure to check the production dates and shelf life of the products, and the integrity of the packaging.

Check your refrigerator regularly.

Observe the temperature conditions for cooking food.

Wash vegetables and fruits, dishes and cutlery, and hands thoroughly before eating and preparing food.

Before breaking an egg, wash it with soap.

Change kitchen towels and dishwashing sponges more often, because they accumulate pathogenic bacteria.

Get some cutting boards. Greens, vegetables and fruits, cheeses and sausages should not be cut on a board on which raw meat and fish were cut.

Do not store raw meat and fish and prepared foods in the same compartment of the refrigerator.

Don't prepare a lot of food for future use. Prepared foods should not be stored in the refrigerator for longer than three days.

Be picky when choosing food outlets.

Remember, self-medication is life-threatening, seek advice regarding the use of any medicines consult a doctor.

Food intoxication of the body is acute painful condition. It occurs due to the consumption of low-quality, expired products containing toxins.

Many people systematically experience poisoning from low-quality products. This happens especially often in the warm season, when under the influence high temperatures food spoils much faster.

In addition, cases of poisoning increase during holiday periods, when most products are purchased in advance. Very often to festive table We buy ready-made salads and snacks. When we go out into nature, we don’t always carefully process food.

Moreover, the remaining festive lunch The dishes, as a rule, are eaten a few more days later. This is understandable, because it’s a pity to throw away a good one, Tasty food. Unfortunately, the result of such frivolity is often food poisoning.

Food poisoning - causes, symptoms, treatment - every person should know about this. You also need to be able to provide help in such cases, to yourself and others. We will talk about this with you today on the eve of the long May holidays. This knowledge and skills are very important, since treatment of poisoning should begin as early as possible.

Types of food poisoning:

Microbial. Food toxic infections from eating spoiled foods.
- Poisons. Eating poisonous plants, fish, animal meat
- Consumption of certain chemicals that cause intoxication of the body.

Symptoms of food poisoning

Usually the first symptoms appear within a few hours. The patient first feels weakness and nausea. Then vomiting and diarrhea begin. These phenomena usually occur repeatedly. Patients often complain of elevated temperature, chills, pain in the abdomen. There is a rapid pulse, blue lips, and pale skin.

The severity of the symptoms described depends on the degree of poisoning, general condition organism, the age of the sick person, as well as the type of pathogenic microbes.

Health care with food intoxication

If the first signs of poisoning appear, start treatment as early as possible to avoid complications of the pathological condition. To do this, take the following measures:

If poisoning occurs in children or pregnant women, you should call a doctor, as in this case hospitalization is often indicated.

In what other cases should you call a doctor?

In the event that there is a sudden muscle weakness, loose stools interspersed with blood, difficulty breathing. You should also consult a doctor if severe dehydration body and pronounced signs of intoxication.

It is imperative to call an ambulance if you faint or the temperature rises to 39 °C or higher. If observed severe bloating abdomen, cramps appeared, sharp pain. And also if the joints are inflamed, perform skin rash, problems with swallowing and breathing appeared.

Folk remedies treatment

Traditional medicine offers its effective methods treatment of food poisoning. However, they can only be used when the condition is severe and the help of a doctor is not required.

At the first signs of poisoning, take 20-30 g of the drug immediately. Then it should be continued until the symptoms disappear, but 1 tablet every 30 minutes.

Instead of coal, you can use the drug "". Buy it at the pharmacy. In general, it’s good to have it in every home medicine cabinet for cases like this.
Both of these drugs effectively absorb toxins that cause intoxication and remove them from the body.

Prepare dill infusion with honey. Add 1 tsp. dry or fresh in 1 glass of boiling water. Cover with a napkin and leave for 3 minutes.
Now bring to a boil in a water bath, simmer for 5 minutes. Cool a little
strain, stir in the broth 1 tbsp. l. natural honey. Drink in small sips over 1 hour.

Good effect gives an infusion of lemon peels. Grind 1 tbsp. l. or orange. Pour 1 cup boiling water. Leave for 15 minutes. Drink this infusion until the painful symptoms disappear.

Try to drink very much, half a glass every 2-3 hours. This remedy will calm your irritated stomach and stop vomiting.

However, the most The best way get rid of intoxication - prevent poisoning in principle. Be attentive to your health. Do not eat foods that are unfamiliar or questionable about their quality. Be healthy!

Svetlana, www.site

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The symptoms of food poisoning are familiar to everyone - vomiting, diarrhea, and general weakness with a temperature make a person think about what he ate the day before, since it is the nutritional history that the doctor initially finds out when interviewing the patient.

Many people do not seek help from doctors for food poisoning, but such heroism can end sadly, especially if we're talking about about small children.

Understand the difference between food poisoning and acute intestinal infections, learn to recognize the symptoms characteristic of a particular food poisoning - that’s what we'll talk in our article.

Classification of food poisoning

The concept of food poisoning implies an acute polyetiological non-contagious disease that occurs as a result of eating food in which certain microbes have multiplied and (or) accumulated toxins, both microbial and non-microbial in nature, as well as toxic substances chemical or natural origin.

Based on the type of pathogen that caused the disease, food poisoning is classified into:

• microbial - microbial poisonings are divided into two main groups - foodborne toxic infections and food toxicoses or intoxication
• non-microbial ( poisonous mushrooms, chemical substances, poisonous plants)
• and unknown etiology.

Differential diagnosis of intestinal infections, food toxic infections and intoxications

Causes of food poisoning

• Consumption of food products produced in violation of production technology;
• Eating improperly stored food;
• Eating expired, spoiled foods;
• Consumption of chemical toxic substances (in food, accidental exposure to food, with alcohol);
• Consumption of toxic animal substances and plant origin(mushrooms, berries, fish).

Among the products, the greatest etiological significance is:

• confectionery cream products;
• unpasteurized dairy products (milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, especially homemade);
• smoked meats (fish and meat);
• salads dressed with mayonnaise;
• home canning (vegetables, meat, fish);
• mushrooms;
• seafood;
• fresh fruits and vegetables.

Signs of poor quality products

• Expired or borderline expiration date. No matter how trite it sounds, not everyone pays attention to this indicator. Moreover, many ignore these deadlines, believing that nothing happened to the same yogurt in a day or two. In fact, this behavior is a direct path to the infectious diseases hospital.

• Atypical, unpleasant, pungent odor;
• Atypical, strange taste, not characteristic of the product;
• Mold spots and areas or borders of discoloration;
• Bubbles of foam or gas visible in liquid food;
• Wet and sticky coating with unpleasant smell on the surface of the product;
• Bombing of lids of canned products, release of gas when opening the can.

Many people believe that simply heating or boiling an inferior product makes it safe and edible. However, this is a very dangerous tactic - poisonous mushrooms remain poisonous even after cooking, the toxins of Staphylococcus aureus are not killed by boiling, and botulinum toxin can only be inactivated after boiling for half an hour!

Common symptoms characteristic of food poisoning

When diagnosed with acute food poisoning, the symptoms can be very diverse, but highlight general symptoms, characteristic of almost any type of poisoning:

• nausea;
• abdominal cramps and intestinal colic;
• stool disorder in the form of diarrhea;
• vomit;
• hypersalivation;
• hyperthermia;
• hypotension;
• dysfunction of the central nervous system, in severe cases - coma.

Symptoms of food poisoning in children

Symptoms of food poisoning in children, especially young ones, are more acute and occur with a clear picture general intoxication. If we are talking about children under one year old, then within a few hours after the onset of symptoms, a critical condition may develop up to renal failure and hypervolimic shock. Therefore, at the first signs of food poisoning, especially if the disease debuts with diarrhea and vomiting, you should immediately call an ambulance and the only way is to self-medicate in this case tantamount to causing irreparable harm.

Symptoms of the most dangerous poisonings

Comparative characteristics of the most common intestinal infections - dysentery, salmonellosis and rotavirus infection

At initial signs Any food poisoning should assess the severity of the sick person’s condition and immediately seek medical help.