Beneficial bacteria for the stomach in tablets. Beneficial bacteria for the intestines. Synbiotics - combination drugs

The smallest inhabitants of our planet, invisible to the naked eye, are microscopic bacteria, fungi and viruses. There are a lot of them, the number is in the billions. Their role in nature and human life is different, the assessment varies from positive through neutral to negative. Let's consider which representatives of bacteria have learned to live in close contact with human organisms, and what significance they have.

Bacteria are living organisms

These most ancient inhabitants on our planet are single-celled organisms of microscopic size. It is known that approximate time their appearance is 3.5 billion years ago. For a long time Apart from them, there were no other living creatures on Earth. Only then did the rapid process of evolution begin, and life began to flourish in all its diversity.

Humanity learned a lot of interesting things about bacteria only in the 17th century, thanks to the works of Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek. It was this naturalist who first invented a way through which these tiny creatures could be seen.

Over time, a large amount of theoretical material has been accumulated, confirmed by practical research. Information became available to people about what microbes look like, what structure they have, and the importance of bacteria in human life was determined.

Structural features

Thus, it became clear that bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, that is, they do not contain a formed nucleus within their cells. In addition, they are characterized by a number of the following features in phenotype and internal structure:

1. The body shape can be different: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacillus), grape-shaped (staphylococcus), vibrio, spirilla and others.
2. They can exist alone, but often create entire colonies.
3. In most cases they have no color, but some forms can be a beautiful purple or green. Most often, it is the colonies that are colored due to the release of special pigments into the surrounding space.
4. The genetic material inside the cell is represented by a DNA molecule, which is distributed in the center of the structure.
5. Movement in space is carried out due to flagella, gas vacuoles or a mucus capsule covering the body.
6. The outside of the body is covered with a cell wall and a capsule, under which all the cell organelles are located.
7. The structural parts of the cell are similar to those found in animal and plant structures. Special are carbohydrate or lipid droplets of inclusions that perform an energy function.
8. Instead of a nucleus, the cell contains a nucleoid, consisting of a strand of DNA.

In fact, living bacteria have a rather interesting structure. The lifestyle of these microorganisms also aroused the burning curiosity of scientists around the world. Thanks to their works, humanity gained access to new information, which undoubtedly has great value for science in general and its individual branches. The scope of our article does not allow us to discuss all these points in more detail. Therefore, we will only focus on general idea about these organisms and we will devote Special attention their role and significance in our lives.

Lifestyle of bacteria

Thanks to their incredible unpretentiousness to living conditions, bacteria managed to spread throughout to the globe. For them, neither cold nor too high temperatures, nor acidity or basicity, nor soil salinity are obstacles. The bacteria, photos of which can be found in the article, inhabit:

• water;
• air;
• soil;
• hot thermal springs;
• deserts;
• snow and ice;
• anoxic habitats.

It is obvious that the distribution of these creatures is widespread. It is difficult to find at least one object in any environment on which bacteria would not be found. Even the purest spring water contains them in fairly large quantities.

The life of bacteria comes down to fundamental processes: nutrition, reproduction, movement in search of food, surviving unfavorable conditions. Like all single-celled organisms, they have no other purposes of existence.

According to the method of nutrition, that is, energy absorption, they are all divided into:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

The first group includes various bacteria. The photo can be seen below. In general, the following groups can be distinguished among them.

1. Photosynthetic - they themselves accumulate the energy of the sun during the process of photosynthesis.
2. Chemosynthetics - oxidize inorganic compounds (sulfur, nitrogen, iron) and convert them into organic matter.
3. Methane, or methylotrophs - use the energy of oxidation of carbon-containing substances to ensure life.

Heterotrophic species consume ready-made organic substances. To obtain them, microorganisms use different methods. Thus, three groups of heterotrophic bacteria can be distinguished:

Also, the vital activity of bacteria has another feature - spore formation. During periods of extremely unfavorable conditions, the cell is able to stop all vital processes within itself and seem to fall asleep, becoming covered with a dense shell. This condition is called a spore. So the body can live for decades, waiting for suitable environmental conditions. The spores are extremely resistant to freezing and heat treatment even long-acting.

Meaning for humans

The fact that the organisms in question are our constant companions throughout our lives was not immediately clear. I. I. Mechnikov played a major role in establishing this fact. It was he who conducted a number of multiple studies proving the enormous importance of bacteria in human life.

It turns out that our skin, nose and mouth, inner part gastrointestinal tract, pelvic organs - all these structures are densely populated various forms microorganisms. They help us fight infections, digest food, and cleanse ourselves from the inside. In return they receive good living conditions and food. That is, living bacteria inside a person live with him in close symbiosis.

If the natural state of the intestinal microflora is disrupted, skin, stomach and other organs, then people develop multiple diseases, often in very severe forms. This is why probiotics were created by scientists, doctors and microbiologists. These are strains of living bacteria certain type, which can serve to replenish and restore the natural microflora of the body.

The importance of prokaryotes is not limited to this. Man uses them in agriculture, Food Industry, space industry, science and technology, biosynthesis and molecular biology and many other areas.

Live bacteria for the intestines: name

If we talk about specific types of these microorganisms that inhabit a person from the inside, then first of all we should identify the place that is “richest” in them - the intestines. It is this organ, consisting of several sections and reaching a length (in an adult) of up to 12 m, that is an excellent home for a wide variety of representatives of prokaryotes.

There are two main genera, consisting of several families and many species and strains, which not only inhabit the mentioned organ, but are vital for every person. These are live bacteria for the intestines, the genus name of which is pronounced in Russian as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

Each of these types plays an important role in metabolic processes intestines. Therefore, let's look at them in more detail.

Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus: characteristics and significance

Live bacteria for the intestines, the genus name of which sounds like Lactobacillus, are natural inhabitants of the intestinal microflora, provided it normal condition. They provide positive influence on the general condition of this organ, since:

• activate the work of many important enzymes and proteins involved in immune processes;
• act as antagonists on pathogenic microbes, relieving the body of intoxication;
• accelerate healing (regeneration) processes in mucous membranes, etc.

These are the bacteria used in the production fermented milk products. That is, their strains are included in various types of starter cultures from which they are made:

• live yoghurts;
• kefir;
• curdled milk;
• cocktails and other products.

There are quite a lot of species of this genus of prokaryotes. Therefore, the table will be presented below. Bacteria of this taxon, which live inside the intestines, will be included in the list of representatives along with their name.

Lactobacillus reuteri

They became known only in the 20th century. However, studies by scientists from different countries have shown that these microorganisms are part of the gastrointestinal tract of all. In humans, a significant part of the microflora also consists of strains of this species.

Lactobacilli reuteri are live bacteria for the intestines, the name of which was given by a German microbiologist who first isolated and identified their generic affiliation with lactobacilli. Their meaning is the same as that of all the intestinal inhabitants discussed above.

Bulgarian yogurt as a source of Lactobacillus bulgaricus

This organism was discovered by the famous immunologist I.I. Mechnikov. It was he who first drew attention to how useful products created based on the vital activity of this bacterium are.

What's the benefit?

1. Improved bowel function.
2. Strengthening the immune system.
3. Output useful microelements and amino acids.
4. Mild laxative effect.
5. Purification from pathogenic bacilli.

Bifidobacteria: characteristics and significance

This genus includes living bacteria, the names of which are as follows:

• angulatum;
• animalis;
• asteroidus;
• bifidum;
• longum;
• magnum;
• subtil and others.

There are about 35 species of organisms in total. They make up the vast majority of intestinal bacteria (about 80-90% of the total mass of inhabitants). The meaning is as follows:

1. Maintaining homeostasis.
2. Strengthening and formation of immunity.
3. Production of vitamins and enzymes.
4. Restoration of normal microflora.
5. Active participation in metabolism.

"Bifidobactrium animalis"

They include two subspecies and several strains of rod-shaped, slightly curved microorganisms. They take an active part in normalizing intestinal function, therefore they are actively used in the production of various probiotics and medicines, as well as food products.

"Bifidobactrium bifidum" - antagonist

The main action is based on antagonistic properties. These organisms are capable of inhibiting pathogenic microbes and restoring the functioning of the organ to normal. They also contribute because they produce vitamins, enzymes and protein molecules capable of phagocytosis of foreign bodies.

The role of bacteria in nature

It is certainly important and multifaceted. However, we can identify the main processes in nature that cannot do without the organisms in question:

1. Including elements (nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, iron).
2. Soil formation.
3. Decomposition of organic residues.

Thus, bacteria in nature play a very significant role, being in close interaction with all other living beings.

Prebiotics are non-microbial compounds that stimulate the reproduction and growth of beneficial microflora in the body. These substances are not digested in the digestive system, but are fermented by beneficial microorganisms in the large intestine. Let's take a closer look at what prebiotics are, their types and how they work.

Positive properties

Prebiotics when entering the body are food for beneficial bacteria. In the process of restoring the microbial biocenosis, these elements activate complex biochemical reactions that optimally maintain conditions for the development of microflora, supply bacteria with the necessary substrates (anti-stress peptides, amino acids, vitamins), and supply energy to “friendly” microorganisms. In addition, prebiotics in the intestinal lumen “acidify” the environment, resulting in the creation of favorable conditions for the development of harmful organisms.

Biological properties:

In addition, prebiotic cultures reduce appetite, this promotes weight loss.

How are prebiotics different from probiotics?

The name of these two groups of funds quite similar, so they are often confused:

• Prebiotics are chemical organic substances that have the ability to create good conditions for the development of normal intestinal microflora.
• Probiotics are live microorganisms that belong to the normal intestinal microflora.

It must be said that the effect of probiotics and prebiotics is similar, since each of the groups of these drugs normalizes the intestinal microflora.

Kinds

Prebiotics are low molecular weight carbohydrates. Polymer molecules that are connected to each other by one or a series of beta-glycosidic bonds. Moreover, the simpler the saccharide, the faster it acquires pronounced bifidogenic properties and is fermented with the intestinal microflora.

Systematization of drugs by chain length:

Monomeric drugs have a bifidogenic effect already in the oral cavity and esophagus, polymeric drugs - along the entire length of the colon, oligomeric - in the upper parts of the large intestine, dimeric - in the small intestine and stomach. The combination of carbohydrates of different types creates complexity for beneficial bacteria balanced “feeding”.

If you use one series of prebiotics for a long time, then microorganisms become activated in a limited part of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, other strains of probiotics develop disproportionately. As a result, positive impact beneficial flora on the body is significantly reduced.

List of main representatives of prebiotics:

• inulin (a natural polysaccharide that is present in Asteraceae plants);
• lactulose (element of dairy products);
• soluble fiber (psyllium, chitosan, guar gum, psyllium seeds);
• breast milk oligosaccharides;
• antioxidants (selenium, carotenoids, ubiquinone, glutathione, vitamins E, A, C);
• fructooligosaccharides;
• food insoluble fiber(hemicellulose, cellulose, bran, lignin);
• sweeteners (raffinose, xylitol, sorbitol);
• galactooligosaccharides, including lactose;
• oligofructose (one of the components of inulin);
• microbial and plant extracts (carrot, potato, pumpkin, corn, yeast, garlic, rice);
• para-aminobenzoic acid;
• amino acids ( glutamic acid, valine);
• polydextrose (a polysaccharide formed by glucose residues);
• unsaturated fatty acids;
• acacia resin;
• algae extracts;
• resistant starches;
• lectins (protein structures that are able to bind complex sugars);
• enzymes (bacterial beta-galactosidases, Saccharomyces proteases).

The above compounds are found in natural prebiotics, and are also used as a selection list of biologically active complexes and medicines.

Food sources

To maintain a healthy gut flora, include food sources of prebiotics in your daily diet. The minimum daily dose is 20-30 g. (of which lactulose invariably accounts for 5 grams, and pure inulin – 7 grams).

Choosing foods that contain prebiotics:

Among pharmacological drugs, the most popular prebiotic is lactulose (a synthetic disaccharide). This compound has a distinct bifidogenic effect. Therefore, medicines based on it are manufactured, both in pure form (under various brand names) and in combination with other substances.

Selection of drugs that contain lactulose:

Indications for the use of the drugs described above: putrefactive dyspepsia, intestinal dysbiosis, chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, dysfunction of the digestive system, salmonellosis. In addition, lactulose is used to normalize stool during pregnancy and lactation.

Prebiotics in baby food

Intestinal microflora in correct ontogenesis infant has a primary role. The first microbacteria enter the child’s body during passage through the mother’s birth canal. But dense colonization of the intestines with microflora begins with the baby’s first breastfeeding.

The main representatives of the microflora of children– bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, gram-positive cocci, enterobacteria, clostridia. In addition to probiotic strains, breast milk contains oligosaccharides (“food” for bacteria). At the same time, 1 liter of mother concentrate contains 1.5 grams. prebiotic components. Receiving the required “feeding”, beneficial microbacteria multiply, and harmful ones die.

If an infant is bottle-fed, the baby’s flora suffers (there is a small content of beneficial organisms in the intestines). These babies often develop gastrointestinal diseases (constipation, dysbacteriosis, gas formation, colic), food allergies, and infectious infestations. To prevent the development of these problems, infant formula is enriched with prebiotic substances.

List of complementary foods for children that contain oligosaccharides:

Prebiotics: reviews and best drugs

IN medical practice and in science there is no such definition as “best”; there is the concept of “optimal”, since different drugs are best suited for the treatment of specific diseases with their own characteristics and nuances. The same is completely true and applicable in relation to prebiotics and probiotics, since the different organic substances or strains and types of bacteria contained in them have best impact for various functional diseases and disorders of the large intestine.

For example, to relieve diarrhea, the best probiotics are those that contain bacilli (Subtil, Bactisubtil, Biosporin, Bactisporin, etc.) or saccharomycetes (Enterol, etc.). To treat dysbiosis, you need to choose a medicine based on the results of a fecal examination, since the best probiotic in this case is the one that contains the bacteria that are most lacking in the intestines. Yes, in every certain case best probiotic will vary depending on individual characteristics the patient and the nuances of his illness.

If problems appear with the flora in the intestines, constipation and diarrhea begin, which are most easily treated with symptomatic means, but only temporarily. Most gastroenterologists and nutritionists still recommend using restorative drugs for microflora. Lacto- and bifidobacteria strengthen the immune system and improve the absorption of required substances. I liked the Protect Bakzdrav starter culture, which contains more than 10 varieties of beneficial microbacteria.

Vika 32 years old, Kirov

There is no way to buy food at work, so you need to survive on whatever you can. Once on the way I ate some nasty stuff. As a result, I suffered from diarrhea and intestines for several days. I drank at the same time as the Linex fixative. It did its job, but I can’t say it had a superb effect.

Maxim 34 years old, Kyiv

Maxilak excellent remedy, acquired it somehow. There is also Normospectrum with a similar composition, also various substances and types of bacteria. It seems to me that today bifidumbacterin is of little use, given the antibiotics we take.

Lera 43 years old, Moscow

Probiotics for the intestines are a large group of medicines, divided into probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. They all have similar effects, but differ in their mechanism of action. The medications in question are used to correct the balance of microflora of the large and small intestines.

Indications for use

The use of probiotics is indicated in all situations where the patient has an imbalanced ratio of beneficial and harmful intestinal bacteria. This happens in following cases:

• Antibiotic therapy and associated diarrhea. Antimicrobial agents do not have a selective effect. Along with pathogenic microbes, they also destroy cultures necessary for the body.
• Intestinal infections and poisoning. Inflammation develops when the number of pathogenic bacteria exceeds the number of beneficial ones.
• Operations. Interventions in the digestive tract always cause problems. This is due both to the manipulation itself and to the subsequent course of antibiotics.
• Gastrointestinal diseases. Disturbance of the balance of internal flora leads to pathological processes in the intestines. These include gastric and duodenal ulcers, pancreatitis, and hepatobiliary disorders.
• Poor nutrition. Eating substances containing antimicrobial components, as well as avoiding dairy products, can lead to dyspeptic disorders caused by a critical decrease in the strain of bacteria involved in the gastrointestinal tract.

It is worth noting that the weakening immune defense, although it is an indication for prescribing probiotics to a patient, does not lead to dysbiosis. In this situation, a change in the composition of the microflora is a primary pathology that disrupts the functioning of the intestinal structures responsible for the formation of the immune response. In other words, death the right microbes leads to the development of deficiency infection protection, and not vice versa.

How to take it correctly

Preparations for intestinal microflora do not cause overdose. However, in order to achieve better effect, they should be used in accordance with the general rules of therapy with similar drugs. Ignoring the requirements below reduces the effectiveness of probiotics and makes their use useless.

Medicines intended to restore bacterial balance are used in courses of 15 days to a month for chronic processes, and 4–5 days for acute ones. In the first case, the drug is taken 3 times over a period of 24 hours, in the second, 5-6 times. The tablet should be taken 30 minutes before meals.

If the patient suffers from gastritis with increased acidity, shortly before use bacterial agents It is recommended to drink a glass alkaline water(Borjomi, Essentuki 17) or take Ranitidine (Famotidine).

While taking antibiotics, the effectiveness of probiotic components decreases. Antibacterial substances have a non-selective effect on all microflora, including bacteria contained in powders or microcapsules. To minimize this effect, it is necessary to take a break of at least 2 hours between taking medications.

List of probiotics

The term given in the title refers to substances that contain live bacteria: lacto-, bifido-, yeast fungi, non-pathogenic varieties coli. Representatives of this flora are involved in the digestion of foods, so their deficiency leads to incomplete absorption of food. The list of probiotics includes:

A good multicomponent medicine consisting of lactobacilli, enterococci, bifidobacteria.

Pharmacological effects include the ability to suppress unnecessary microbes and colonize the mucous membrane useful crops, stimulate the immune system, synthesize vitamins B, C, K.

Admission is carried out in accordance with the general rules. Contraindicated with alcohol and hot drinks. Available in capsule form, which provides protection from aggressive influences. gastric juice. The cost of a package of 32 pieces is approximately 500 rubles. Sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

Acipol

The action is similar to the remedy described above.

Pharmacological effects are no different. Consists of kefir grains and lacto-flora. Distributed through the pharmacy chain in capsule form. Packaging costs 300–350 rubles (the price is relevant for the central regions of the Russian Federation). There are no contraindications, no prescription required.

The name reflects the essence of the medicine.

This is a single-drug based on bifidobacterium, which are adsorbed on a specially prepared carrier - activated carbon. The cost of the medicine is 101 rubles for 10 sachets. The composition regulates the intestinal microflora, improves the regenerative abilities of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, and promotes the formation of vitamins. In addition to the above, the lyophilisate, due to the qualities of the carrier, has an antitoxic effect. The product is taken by mixing with cool water or pouring into food.

Colibacterin

Cheap drug containing E. coli.

A package can be purchased for 200–250 rubles. It is produced in the form of a lyophilisate, from which a suspension is prepared for oral administration. It has antibacterial, antidiarrheal, and regulatory effects. Freely distributed through online and offline pharmacies.

The listed medications are more often prescribed to people with intestinal disorders. However, these are not all representatives of the probiotic group. Full list drugs with prices includes dozens of items and is present in pharmacy price lists.

List of prebiotics

Substances that are not digested in the intestinal lumen and serve as a nutrient substrate for microorganisms. These include: polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, trisaccharides, some amino acids, unsaturated fatty components. While the scientific world is debating whether prebiotics bring any benefit to the intestines, these drugs are actively used in clinical practice.

Lactofiltrum

Substance based on lactulose and lignin.

If it enters the digestive tract, it is not absorbed and is excreted within 24 hours with feces. During its stay in the gastrointestinal tract, lactulose undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in the synthesis of lactic acid, which suppresses the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Against this background, the growth of beneficial intestinal flora increases. The drug is available in tablets. Its cost is 300–390 rubles in the capital's pharmacies.

Active ingredient- fiber and killed yeast cells, the number of which in 1 gram of medicine reaches 3 billion.

Available in the form of cereals, packaged in bags. The mass of each is 60 grams. The price of the package varies from 100 to 150 rubles, so the substance is classified as cheap. The product has many beneficial effects: stimulates the growth of its own lactobacilli, adsorbs and removes toxins, enhances peristalsis, and normalizes digestion.

Available in the form of lactulose-based syrup.

Depending on the volume of the tube, the amount that will need to be spent on its purchase varies significantly. A container of 200 ml costs 300 rubles. For a bottle containing 1000 ml they ask for 850–900 rubles. The pharmacological properties of Duphalac syrup do not differ from those given in the first paragraph of this list (for the prebiotic Lactofiltrum). A peculiarity of pharmacokinetics is that when using single doses of less than 60-70 ml, the drug is completely metabolized in the intestine.

Mostly children's medicine based on vitamins and dexapanthenol, inexpensive and effective.

Available in liquid form, has a fruity taste and complex effect. In addition to intestinal disorders, the medication is used for loss of strength, general exhaustion, malnutrition, weakened immunity, increased physical and mental stress. Prices vary from 200 to 300 rubles per package.

Substances that can selectively stimulate the growth of lactobacilli while suppressing harmful strains are present in many everyday products nutrition. They are found in carrots, potatoes, milk, soybeans, corn, and garlic. In order to prevent digestive disorders, it is better to use natural medicines. Industrial tablets for the intestines are used exclusively for diseases.

List of synbiotics

Preparations in this category simultaneously include components included in the group of probiotics and prebiotics, combine their pharmacological properties, and allow a much more effective effect on the bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract.

In terms of cost, such products are more expensive than those described above, which is due to the costs of their production and maximum efficiency. Several representatives of the subsection of synbiotics should be examined in more detail.

A strain of Escherichia coli in combination with a nutrient substrate (soybeans, propolis, vegetables). Sold in bottles of 100 and 250 ml. The price of small containers in chain pharmacies starts from 200 rubles. The product is taken by mixing with water in a 1:1 ratio. The indications are common to all drugs containing live bacterial cultures and substrates to stimulate their growth.

Biphenol

A dietary supplement available in capsules weighing 0.4 grams. Each of them contains bifidumbacterin, fatty acids and vitamins. The drug normalizes intestinal microbiocenosis, replenishes the deficiency necessary for the body substances, has antilipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects. The cost of a container for 50 capsules is 500 rubles.

Powder for oral use, containing several types of lacto- and bifidobacteria. Oligofructose acts as a prebiotic part. Helps strengthen the immune system, restore normal microflora, and saturate the body with vitamins. The price of the package ranges from 350 to 400 rubles.

Lactiale

A modern product that contains 7 types of bacteria necessary for the body, as well as a nutrient substrate for them. Available in capsules or packets. The first are intended for adult patients, the second - for children. Dosage forms are not interchangeable, since the children's version of the drug includes microorganisms specific to the child's intestines. For a package of Lactiale in pharmacies you will need to pay about 300 rubles.

Polyphytohol

Is choleretic drug, however, it can also be used as a nutrient medium for intestinal microorganisms. It is of plant origin and acts as an antispasmodic and regulatory medicine. Contraindicated in cases of obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, severe liver pathology. Cost – 400 rubles.

The use of synbiotics is preferred in almost all situations. Combined action products allow you to achieve the fastest, most comprehensive and pronounced clinical effect.

It is necessary to distinguish between synbiotics and symbiotics for the intestines. The former are a combination of living bacteria and nutritional compounds, the latter are a combination of several types of microflora representatives.

Products for children

• Be convenient to take (many people cannot swallow a tablet or capsule).
• Do not have an unpleasant taste (the child often refuses to drink the product if it is bitter).
• Be attractive and not cause negative associations (beautiful bright packaging).

Liquids meet these requirements to the greatest extent. dosage forms, which the baby can drink without difficulty. These include Lactusan, Hilak forte, Pikovit. In addition to the above, the drug is selected in accordance with the existing diagnosis. For viral infections, preference is given to lactobacilli (Biobakton), and for bacterial infections, preference is given to symbiotics (Linex). For fungal infections, the doctor recommends taking bifidumbacterin.

You need to understand that most childhood intestinal infections do not require hospitalization. Treatment is carried out at home. It is impossible to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism. Therapy is prescribed empirically, which requires the use of drugs with maximum wide range impact. The best option for outpatient correction of a child’s condition is the use of synbiotics (Bioflor).

Treatment of dysbiosis in newborns who are bottle-fed can be carried out by feeding mixtures containing a prebiotic or probiotic. Such compositions include Nutrilak premium, Nutrilon, NAN. They fully provide for the needs of the child. Additional introduction of microflora with the help of drugs is not required.

Dr. Komarovsky tells everything about dysbiosis in the video.

Products for pregnant women

The selection of medications for pregnant women should be treated with the utmost caution. Therefore, it is preferable to use agents that restore the biocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract as part of food. The list of products containing the necessary substances is given in the table below:

If necessary, industrial medications can also be prescribed. The choice of drug is carried out according to general criteria. Preference is given to prebiotics, since formulations containing live bacterial cultures can cause bloating. This is also true for food products.

Natural remedies

Probiotics contained in fermented milk products, as well as in kombucha, olives, dark chocolate, bran. Similar cultures are also available in industrial products. The main difference is that chemicals They also include a number of additional excipients. To prebiotics natural origin include products containing inulin, a unique substance that is not synthesized artificially.

Fans of folk herbal medicine can use plants such as elecampane, burdock, and dandelion as prebiotics. They also contain a lot of inulin. It is best to consume the roots of the given representatives of the fauna, since this is where it is contained greatest number required substance.

Uncontrolled reception

The medications in question extremely rarely lead to the development of complications, even if they are taken incorrectly or uncontrolled. For example, the frequency of occurrence side effects for the drug "Linex" does not exceed 1:10000. The list of possible undesirable effects includes: flatulence, diarrhea, intestinal spasms, allergies that occur as a response of the body to traces of milk proteins.

After illnesses where treatment was carried out with antibiotics, the child needs to restore the intestinal microflora. This is where probiotics and prebiotics come to the rescue. Preparations with beneficial microflora are prescribed not only for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: they are indicated to strengthen the immune system, for the prevention of viral diseases, as well as in a number of other cases. How effective are they, which ones are considered the best? Let's consider the mechanism of their work, the main indications, and also learn about the most effective drugs.

How it works?

When a person is healthy, millions of bacteria live in his body - useful and not so, most of which help break down nutrients. Sometimes the balance of microflora is disturbed for some reason, and then there are fewer beneficial microorganisms. This can happen as a result of undergoing a course of therapy with drugs that kill the bacteria that cause the disease, and at the same time cleanse the intestines of all other types of microorganisms. As a result, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted, which in turn leads to a decrease in immunity.

What are the differences between probiotics and prebiotics?

Prebiotics and probiotics have similar names, but have fundamental differences. At the same time, the former harmoniously complement the latter and strengthen them. therapeutic effect. Both have a beneficial effect on the body, causing the intestines to work more efficiently. Thanks to this, such substances are used in combination, helping to get rid of flatulence, constipation, cramps, and abdominal pain.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that inhabit the intestines of a healthy person. Prebiotics are chemical organic substances that help these microorganisms grow and reproduce more efficiently. On Dr. Komarovsky’s website, such substances are defined as food for beneficial microorganisms.

Probiotics

Probiotics normalize the intestinal microflora, populating it with beneficial microorganisms - most parents know this. However, these drugs have a lot of other useful properties, thanks to which they are prescribed quite often. We list the indications for the use of probiotics:

Along with beneficial microflora, doctors often prescribe prebiotics. These substances work a little differently. They enable beneficial microorganisms to multiply more efficiently, that is, they prepare favorable conditions for probiotics. In this regard, prebiotics are prescribed in advance, and sometimes together with probiotics.

Prebiotics themselves do not have a therapeutic function; their task is to help the beneficial bacteria work. Pharmacists use this quality to produce drugs that contain both pre- and probiotics. Prebiotics can also be found in foods - they are found in fiber, corn, beans, garlic, onions and cereals. What benefits do they bring? Let's list positive effects the effects these substances have on the body:

• help eliminate excess mucus from the intestinal walls;
• help to reproduce normal microflora in the body, helping to increase its amount tenfold;
• suppress the proliferation of pathogens - salmonella, shigella, vibrio cholerae;
• accelerate the healing process of intestinal tissue;
• stimulate peristalsis, increasing the output of feces, which relieves the patient from constipation;
• stimulate local immunity, thereby affecting pathogenic microflora;
• help normalize acidity, thereby creating conditions for the proliferation of beneficial microflora.

Next we will mainly talk about probiotics, since prebiotics are only auxiliary. First, let's talk about how to make sense of the sea of ​​drugs that have flooded the pharmaceutical market.

Classification and release form

Today, pharmacies offer a whole list of medications to improve intestinal microflora. One way of classification is the percentage of a particular type of bacterial strain. For example, there are monoprobiotics, made from one type of bacteria, and polyprobiotics, which contain several types of microorganisms. Separately, there are preparations containing beneficial bacteria and enterosorbents, as well as yeast-like mushrooms and spore bacilli.

Another type of classification is based on what specific microorganisms are included in the drug. Probiotics are distinguished:

• bifido;
• lacto;
• non-pathogenic types of coli (Escherichia coli);
• containing yeast-like fungi;
• non-pathogenic enterococci;
• lactic acid streptococcus;
• Saccharomyces boulardii (Saccharomycetes boulardii) are yeast fungi.

Almost all of the listed microorganisms in one combination or another are included in probiotic preparations. They may also be contained in products. For example, products that can improve intestinal function have been known since ancient times - kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt, etc. However, we will talk about pharmaceutical products - dietary supplements and other medications.

Let's talk separately about the generations of probiotics - there are only five of them. Despite the fact that from generation to generation these drugs changed and became more and more complex, today they are all used and are abundantly presented on the pharmaceutical market. Let's look at them in more detail:

• 1st generation are monoprobiotics containing a single type of bacteria.
• 2nd generation – the so-called antagonists. They do not live in the human intestine, but when ingested they inhibit the growth of pathogens and are then completely eliminated.
• 3rd generation – polyprobiotics containing two or more types of microorganisms.
• 4th generation – combination drugs. They contain, in addition to one type of beneficial bacteria, substances that promote their reproduction.
• 5th generation – polyprobiotics, combined with substances that promote the proliferation of beneficial microflora.

Probiotics are produced in the form of powder, solution, drops. It is believed that children under three years of age are best given liquid preparations, however, the powder can also be easily diluted in water or other liquid. The main thing is to follow the dosage so as not to cause an aggravated reaction to treatment.

Top 7 Best Probiotics for Children

Probiotics are prescribed by a doctor, so you should buy them only on his recommendation. At the same time, there are means of the same type of influence that are interchangeable. In this regard, in some cases it is possible to replace the medication prescribed by the doctor with another that works the same way. We have collected in this material the best probiotics for children under one year old, which can also be given to older babies. In addition, the composition, dosage and indications were indicated.

This drug is produced in Germany and is one of the most popular for the treatment of dysbiosis in children and adults. Hilak Forte is also used in complex treatment eczema, urticaria, neurodermatitis. It is indicated for poisoning, salmonellosis, and candidiasis.

The drug contains germ-free aqueous substrates of metabolic products of coli and lactobacilli. Hilak Forte promotes gentle restoration of microflora and successfully preserves the functions of the mucosa. In addition, lactic acid, which is also in its composition, helps restore normal stomach acidity.

Available in the form of drops that need to be taken three times a day. Infants - 15-30 drops at a time, older children under 6 years old - 20-40 drops.

If probiotics are required for newborns, Rotabiotic Baby is ideal. The drug is produced in Bulgaria and contains live lyophilized lacto and bifidobacteria. In addition, the medicine contains extracts of fennel and chamomile. The manufacturer claims that this composition is most suitable for children. Lactobacilli help bifidobacteria to reproduce, creating for this ideal conditions. Fennel and chamomile extracts improve digestion, help reduce gas formation, and have an antiseptic effect.

Bifiform Baby

This probiotic will help children with dysbiosis, even if they suffer from lactose intolerance. It contains only bifidobacteria and lactic acid streptococcus. Bifiform's release form is somewhat unusual - it is a bottle with an oil solution, and the lid contains powder with bacteria. Before use, these two components must be combined to obtain the finished drug. Thus, the manufacturer extended the shelf life of the dietary supplement. Bifiform belongs to the 5th generation.

Linex for children

The drug is available in the form of capsules, which not only contain two types of bacteria - bifido and lacto, but also substances that promote their reproduction. Good composition complement the shell components, which help ensure delivery of the drug to the address. Linex can be used together with antibiotics to neutralize their harmful effects on microflora, which is why it belongs to the 3rd generation. Indicated for babies from infancy who have a delay in the formation of normal microflora.

Colibacterin

Powder for oral administration is a specially prepared E. coli. The drug has the property of counteracting pathogenic microflora, which allows normalizing intestinal function. In addition, colibacterin normalizes immunological processes, improves digestion and promotes the synthesis of vitamins. It is not prescribed to children under six months of age, as there is a high risk of allergies. First generation drug.

Enterol

This French-made drug is a prominent representative of the 4th generation. It contains lyophilized live microorganisms called Saccharomyces boulardii, as well as lactose monohydrate as excipient. Yeast mushrooms, having fulfilled their function, are excreted from the body. Enterol is allowed to be given to newborns, but not more than 1 sachet per day.

Our rating included a drug from a Russian manufacturer – Normoflorin, which belongs to the biocomplexes. This dietary supplement is effective for gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and dysbacteriosis. Babies under one year old are given half a teaspoon three times a day, those older - 1 tsp. Quite effective and inexpensive Normoflorin is recommended for adults.

Mixtures with probiotics for infants

We have described medications, most of which can be given to children from birth. However, if the baby is bottle-fed, it is convenient to give him a mixture with probiotics and vitamins. Firstly, it takes into account the dosage required for the baby’s body. Secondly, the mother gets rid of the need to give the baby medicine several times a day. So, let's look at the most popular probiotics for infants, presented in the form of a mixture:

• mixture Malyutka with content dietary fiber and nucleatides (we recommend reading:);
• fermented milk NAS from Nestlé (we recommend reading:);
• Nutrilak premium product (we recommend reading:);
• Similac mixture with probiotics;
• Humana mixture with prebiotics.

There are other formulas on the market for newborns and children over one year old that contain probiotics. Your pediatrician will help you choose the best one.

Which probiotic should you choose?

Since the list of indications for probiotics is quite large, it is difficult to choose the right one for the treatment of a particular condition. We have compiled a table of probable diseases that can be treated with dietary supplements. Also in the table you can see which drug is suitable for treating a particular condition. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the dosage, and if improvements do not occur within a week, it is better to consult a doctor.

Method of use

Almost all types of probiotics should be taken with or after meals 3 times a day. The doctor may prescribe a course - a certain number of days, but probiotics can be taken until a stable improvement in the condition occurs. We have compiled into one list expert advice that will help you properly organize your medication intake:

• If the medicine is in capsules, only the contents can be given to the baby. Usually the capsules are easy to open, and the powder can be poured into a spoon and diluted with water.
• Majority similar drugs It is not recommended to dilute with milk.
• If a child is taking antibiotics, at the same time they should be given dietary supplements with beneficial microflora, and not wait until the baby begins to have diarrhea.
• For therapy chronic diseases Preparations of this kind should be taken 30 minutes before meals.
• If one year old baby diarrhea, probiotics should be given 4-6 times a day, and drunk until the stool returns to normal. Usually the condition improves steadily within the 2nd day.
• These drugs are allowed to be taken with mineral water. If a child has gastritis with high acidity, you can take the capsule with alkaline mineral water.
• Do not dilute the powder or solution with live bacteria in water with a temperature above 37˚C, otherwise its effectiveness will decrease.

Komarovsky's opinion

Not all pediatricians believe that treatment with probiotics is necessary element recovery after taking potent drugs. Dr. Komarovsky’s website states that “alien” microorganisms, even after passing through the barrier of gastric juice and entering the intestines, do not take root there, but are eliminated by the body. It has been proven that there are benefits from probiotics, but they are much more modest than advertised. So, when drugs with microflora can be useful:

• Only some drugs can be a salvation from acute diarrhea, which arose in a child due to rotavirus infection.
• Beneficial microflora from dietary supplements helps reduce diarrhea in children caused by taking antibiotics.
• Infant formulas with probiotics and vitamins also reduce diarrhea.
• Yogurt bacteria are indicated for people whose bodies do not break down milk sugar. This condition is usually observed in older people.
• Reproduction of microflora that enters the body along with dietary supplements lasts about 3 weeks. It is during this period that phagocyte activity is recorded in the blood. Theoretically, this phenomenon suggests that local immunity, as well as general immunity, becomes stronger, but in practice this has not been proven. Advertising of probiotics is a little disingenuous, since there is no certainty that their use leads to good health. In addition, any competent specialist will agree that one’s own microflora affects the immune system an order of magnitude higher than the one introduced.

There is also a theory that taking probiotics can prevent intestinal cancer. This statement has not yet been proven. In this regard, Dr. Komarovsky does not recommend placing special hopes on such drugs.

Alternative to dietary supplements

Buying drugs with live microflora does not always make sense. As a rule, they do not belong to budget medicines, with the exception of only a few. If the child does not have serious stomach problems requiring specialist intervention, you can offer him yoghurts. “Yoghurt therapy” is the prevention of dysbiosis, it will help improve daily bowel movements and improve appetite, especially if carried out according to the following rules:

• If you buy yoghurts in a store, the effect will be minimal. As a rule, it does not contain the number of bacteria stated on the packaging. Manufacturers of dietary supplements also sin in the same way. It is advisable to prepare live yogurt yourself using starter and milk. In this case, it is not at all necessary to have a special device - a yogurt maker. This useful product You can cook it in a thermos, in a glass jar, having previously wrapped it, in a slow cooker. You can come up with a lot of options and choose the best one.
• You should choose a starter that contains lacto- and bifidobacteria.
• You can make liquid yogurt, or you can make thick yogurt. It all depends on the starter and the fat content of the milk.
• You should give yogurt to your child every day, preferably 2 times a day.
• You can offer yogurt to babies aged 1 year and older, and some pediatricians suggest starting at 8 months.
• You can add pieces of fruit, honey (if there are no allergies), nuts, cereals, breakfast cereals. However, such variety is possible for feeding a baby from three years old.

If you complete a two-week course of treatment, bowel function will become more efficient, which will lead to an improvement in the child’s general condition. The stool will be regular, and problems such as flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, belching may disappear without a trace.

Probiotics are a good and completely safe method of getting rid of intestinal problems and treating dysbiosis. However, not all experts unanimously consider them necessary. We have already written that the microorganisms our body needs are also found in fermented milk products, the consumption of which can relieve many unpleasant symptoms. Perhaps a balanced diet and active image life, and not a long list of dietary supplements. Choose your own path to health by making informed decisions.