Meals at Pevzner tables. The concept and rules of the Pevzner diet. General rules of Pevzner diets

Professor M.I. Pevzner were developed basics of dietary nutrition and the most famous therapeutic diets were compiled, the main task of which is to speed up the patient’s recovery. In case of organ diseases digestive system or in case of metabolic disorders, nutritional therapy is the main therapeutic factor.

It is recommended to adhere to therapeutic diets both during the disease and for some time after recovery, in order to provide the body with the necessary energy and food products that are most indicated for a particular disease.

The basic principles of dietary nutrition are a balanced diet, small meals, at least 4-5 times, strict adherence to the diet, avoidance of processed foods containing preservatives and dyes, alcohol and smoking.

It is recommended to include steamed dishes with a minimum amount of fat in your diet, and avoid both cold and hot foods, which additionally irritate the esophagus and stomach. The optimal temperature is no higher than 60 degrees, or no lower than 15.

Medical nutrition is prescribed to each patient individually, taking into account the underlying disease, energy consumption of the body, taking into account the patient’s tastes. For example, an experienced nutritionist will not categorically prohibit coffee if diagnosed with a “stomach ulcer” in remission, if it does not lead to a sharp exacerbation and has long become a habitual drink. Your doctor may recommend limiting the amount of coffee and reducing its concentration.

Rules for diet therapy.

As a rule, especially in patients over 40-50 years of age, the underlying disease is accompanied by concomitant ones. Therefore, a nutritionist must create a therapeutic diet that takes into account all factors. For example, if chronic cholecystitis accompanied by overweight, the amount of fats, fried foods and rich soups, simple carbohydrates, smoked foods, spicy and salty foods is excluded or limited. And the total calorie content of the daily diet decreases.

It is recommended to include unrefined vegetable oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acid, which stimulate the body’s defenses and vitamin E: vegetable, flaxseed, corn and olive. These oils also have choleretic effect and are a preventative against cholecystitis.

For intestinal diseases, chronic constipation, in combination, rye and wheat bran, containing fiber and B vitamins, as well as vegetables: cabbage, carrots and beets.

It is also necessary to take into account the time that the body needs to absorb various foods. Dairy and lactic acid products, soft-boiled eggs, berries and fruits are quickly absorbed. Slow – legume dishes, fried meat, fresh bread.

Increased secretion gastric juice cause extractive substances contained in meat and fish, mushrooms and mushroom broths, fruit and vegetable juices, cheese and spices, cucumbers and cabbage. Weak – steamed or boiled vegetables, bran bread, carrots and green peas, boiled meat.

The basic rule of therapeutic diets is the regularity and fractionation of meals at a certain time. During an exacerbation, strict diets are prescribed, and subsequently the “step system” rule is applied, which allows a smooth transition to a normal and balanced diet due to the gradual expansion of the diet, and the “zigzag” rule.

In dietetics, the “zigzag” rule is a short-term, over the course of several days, significant change in the diet menu. Contrasting days can be load days – “plus zigzags” and unloading days – “minus zigzags”.

The main significance of the days when the menu includes foods that are limited or excluded from the diet is to provide the body with those nutrients that are supplied in insufficient quantities, stimulate metabolic processes, and test the body’s reaction to certain foods.

They also have a positive psychological effect, eliminating the discomfort and stress that usually accompany strict diets. The closer the patient is to recovery, the more varied his menu becomes, the less food restrictions. Initially, it is recommended to carry out such days once every 7-10 days, then every 4-5 days.

Therapeutic fasting days are prescribed for 1-2 days, once a week; they can be vegetable or fruit, dairy, meat or fish, based on whole grain porridges: buckwheat, rice or oatmeal.

They are recommended for diseases of the cardiovascular system: insufficient blood circulation, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, which is accompanied by excess weight, and hypertension.

It is necessary to spend low-calorie days if you are diagnosed with obesity, diabetes mellitus, acute diseases gastrointestinal tract, especially during exacerbations, with diseases of the kidneys and liver, biliary tract, with chronic cholecystitis, with cholelithiasis and urolithiasis, with gout.

If you plan to spend 2 fasting days in a row, then one of them can be vegetable or fruit, and the other can be dairy, meat or fish.

Numbered therapeutic diets.

Professor M.I. Pevzner developed a numbered system of treatment tables, which were assigned to patients based on diagnosis. He wrote about the results of the experiments in his book “New Ways in Nutrition for a Sick Person.” Quote from the book: “In the majority of patients (85%), we obtained positive results only from the therapeutic nutrition itself without combination with other therapeutic factors.

For therapeutic diet No. 1, the main indications are: peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum.

If a person is sick, then, in most cases, he “bet” on drug treatment. However, the correct approach to treating any ailment should be based on an integrated approach. That is, in the treatment process, the medication regimen, the patient’s lifestyle, and, without a doubt, his diet are important. Pevzner diet implies proper organization of nutrition during the treatment of various diseases. This nutritional system not only promotes healing, but also helps prevent relapses and avoid exacerbations. In the article below we'll talk about the nutrition system developed by nutritionist Mikhail Pevzner and which helps modern doctors successfully heal various diseases.

Who is Pevzner?

Mikhail Pevzner – a general practitioner who can rightfully be called one of the founders of dietetics. He was also one of the organizers of the Moscow Institute of Nutrition, and a professor at the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies. Pevzner conducted numerous studies on the influence of nutrition on the mechanisms of development of various diseases of organs and systems. His contribution to the study of the effect of diet therapy on the human body is currently assessed as very significant.

He developed his nutritional method in 1929. Later he became the initiator of introducing so-called medical tables in sanatoriums and resorts of the USSR.

According to Pevzner, there are dietary tables 1-15, each of which provides different nutritional systems. Therapeutic diets according to Pevzner have been successfully used as an important element in the complex treatment of patients with a variety of ailments.

Features of Pevzner diets: short presentation

Medical diets 1-15 according to Pevzner are prescribed by doctors for various diseases. However, in fact, there are more than fifteen diet options, since some of them also have subcategories, for example, “diet a” or “diet b.” However, such therapeutic nutrition and diets should be prescribed by a doctor who will select the most appropriate nutritional plan taking into account the diagnosis.

Brief characteristics by table numbers

• – such therapeutic nutrition is prescribed for various diseases duodenum and stomach. Its menu is most suitable for gastrointestinal diseases in the early stages. It is also shown when oncological diseases digestive tract. The basics of this nutrition plan are: vegetable soups, soft porridges, vegetable soups. In no case should you consume very hot or cold food, so as not to harm the intestinal walls. This diet is divided into two categories - a and b, designed to reduce pain at and at . By the way, for gastritis, diets 1 and 5 are prescribed. However, the first diet should not last more than two weeks.
• - the characteristics of this diet indicate that it is used for chronic diseases Gastrointestinal tract and liver diseases. The basis of nutrition is low-fat soups and broths. Under no circumstances should you eat foods with sugar, as even they are not a large number of may lead to development.
• – designed to relieve the patient from chronic. Accordingly, the organization of this diet involves the use of products that normalize stool. These are kefir, vegetables, lean meat, cottage cheese. Prolonged constipation often lead to other unpleasant phenomena - headaches, arrhythmias. By consuming specialized products from table No. 3, you can get rid of this problem.
• – observed for intestinal diseases. Diet is also divided into categories. Table 4a is used for colitis, 4b – when treating it chronic form, 4c – observed during recovery. The basic principles of the diet include consuming all dishes only warm. The menu includes different types porridge, boiled vegetables, mashed potatoes. The peculiarities of this table are that you need to consume food in small portions, six times a day.
• – the role of this diet involves normalizing liver function. Be sure to prescribe such a diet after a person has had their gallbladder. It is also used for cholecystitis. The menu includes vegetables, soups, low-fat broths and other products that help restore the body after surgery. recommended for chronic pancreatitis.
• practiced by patients with kidney stones. It is also used for. Diet standards include eating six meals a day in fractional portions. The menu includes vegetable salads, fruits, berries, dairy products. You should not consume smoked meats or flour.
• indicated for kidney diseases. This diet is also divided into subcategories. Table 7A prescribed for exacerbation of kidney diseases, and 7B – already during the recovery period after a person has suffered such an illness.
• suitable for those who cannot get rid of. Organizing such a diet involves avoiding high-calorie foods - flour, fatty foods, soda and sweets. This diet is also recommended for children suffering from.
• prescribed to patients with diabetes mellitus in the early stages. Products are selected to reduce blood sugar levels as much as possible. The basis of the diet is dishes from lean fish, cottage cheese, mushrooms, and vegetables. At the same time, portions should be small, and meals should be served six times a day.
• indicated for people who have problems with the heart and blood vessels with circulatory failure. If you follow this rule, you should not consume baked goods, sweets, alcohol, soda, processed foods, or fast food. Such nutrition is indicated for increased... Table 10C practiced for vascular atherosclerosis, and 10G - when .
• – prescribed if the patient has a clinic. This diet is also suitable for those who need to improve their performance, as well as for pregnant women. If Table 11 is observed, they eat dishes made from lean fish and meat, cereals, as well as dairy products, fruits and vegetables.
• – this nutritional system is prescribed for those who need restoration of the nervous system. Accordingly, foods that stimulate the nervous system should not be consumed: coffee, alcohol, fatty, spicy and fried foods are excluded from the menu. The diet is based on the consumption of low-fat dairy products, eggs, and dried fruits. It is recommended that everyone eat about 350 g of carbohydrates, 70 g of fat, 100 g of protein.
• - prescribed to those who suffer from a variety of acute infectious diseases. During the acute course of the disease, you should not consume baked, stewed or fried foods.
• – will help get rid of stones in urine. The daily diet should contain about 400 g of carbohydrates and 100 g of protein and fat. Food should be taken four times a day, and meals can be prepared in any form.
• – this diet is designed to smoothly transition from medical nutrition to regular nutrition. It helps restore strength no worse than those products that can be bought at the pharmacy. The menu includes cereals, eggs, broths, vegetables and fruits, and hot drinks. This nutritional system is also recommended for use when leaving any diet for weight loss, as it makes it possible to gradually switch to regular foods without putting the body into a state of stress.

A card index of dishes, pictures and recipes are included in the detailed descriptions of the diets.

Table of dietary tables according to Pevzner

The table provides generalized information on how different numbers are used for various diseases.

Medical therapeutic diet tables: general principles

If you familiarize yourself with the features of diets, you can note that therapeutic nutrition according to Pevzner is based on a number of general principles. Experts have identified the following features that Tables 0-15 have:

• all of them are of a therapeutic nature, that is, they are indicated for diseases;
• Diet tables for illnesses include meals four to six times a day;
• the number of calories per day is within the range of “plus or minus 2000”;
• fatty foods with a lot of calories are strictly prohibited;
• you cannot consume alcohol in any form;
• the basis of nutrition is cereals, vegetables, fruits, low-fat soups and broths;
• every day you should drink from 2 to 2.5 liters of clean water;
• On average, you need to follow such nutrition systems for about a week;
• Diet tables in the hospital and at home are designed not only to treat, but also to accustom a person to a healthy diet;
• any of the tables makes it possible not only to improve your health, but also to lose weight, so therapeutic diets for weight loss are also used, and not only for obesity , but also for losing a few kilograms.

Thus, the general principles of Pevzner’s diets are the selection of the “right” foods, the frequency of meals and adherence to the correct cooking technology. 15 diets in medicine are used not only during treatment in a hospital, but also at home.

The calorie content of diets according to Pevzner is designed so as to satisfy the energy needs of the body in case of a particular disease.

The principles of the tables are such that for some diseases it is recommended to consume rice, White bread and other products that may seem “harmful” to many. However, the presence of these products on the menu is justified in order to avoid injuries to the gastrointestinal tract. Such dietary nutrition, for example, for gastritis, will help relieve exacerbation. After finishing the diet, the menu can be diversified, although recipes for gastritis should still not contain harmful foods.

The essence of the Pevzner diet is to exclude only for a while harmful products for patients with a certain illness. You cannot always follow such principles.

Strict dietary nutrition is also temporarily practiced for pancreatic diseases. Following a diet that is indicated for pancreatitis, a person consumes mainly low-fat soups, broths, and vegetables. However, after acute period The menu for pancreatitis may be more varied.

Even the diet that Pevzner recommended for diabetes included bread and a variety of cereals, although they had a low glycemic index . Since all the tables were formed during long-term observation of patients and after assessing their well-being, it was proven that such dietary nutrition for type 2 diabetes mellitus has an optimal effect on the patient’s health.

It is also important to note that in terms of tolerability, the Pevzner diet is not very convenient. If we consider the proposed recipes, many dishes are unlikely to seem too appetizing and make you want to eat them. However, it is precisely ground porridge for gastrointestinal diseases or steamed vegetable cutlets for stomach ulcers that are the most optimal food. Looking at different tables in detail, it can be noted that, for example, for constipation or stomach ulcers, the recipes offered are not very diverse. However, such food in combination with treatment provides a quick recovery.

It is also important to take into account that many diets assume that the patient is on bed rest and practically does not practice physical activity. This should be taken into account by those who use such diets to lose weight.

Proper nutrition is not a substitute for proper treatment. Therefore, the doctor who prescribes the treatment regimen should select the diet. In medical institutions, there is a clear nomenclature and classification of dietary tables, and only a specialist can choose the optimal nutrition system.

The above characteristics of the main therapeutic diets indicate that all of their types are successfully used for various diseases. However, in medical inpatient institutions a new nomenclature of dietary tables is currently in effect.

Although in general the characteristics of medical nutrition diets in medical institutions indicate that they are based on the works of Pevzner. The current classification of therapeutic diets is not so broad. The main options used in nutritional therapy are as follows:

• Main table - it replaces a row of Pevzner tables.
• Diet with mechanical and chemical sparing.
• High protein diet.
• Diet with a reduced amount of protein.
• Low calorie diet.

These diets use medicinal recipes from tables according to Pevzner.

conclusions

Diet food in medical institutions It is currently practiced both where tablet meals are organized in hospitals and in institutions with a regular food system. The prescribed dietary nutrition in medical institutions depends, first of all, on the patient’s disease. That is why the organization of therapeutic nutrition in health care facilities is under the control of doctors, who prescribe the type of diet for the patient. During the treatment period, deviations from the menu are possible only with the permission of the doctor. But in general, during treatment, nutritional standards must be strictly observed. Nutrition advice in healthcare facilities given by a doctor is based on various factors. The general condition of the patient, his degree of exacerbation of the disease, and even the time of year are taken into account.

How the organization and distribution of therapeutic and preventive nutrition takes place in modern medical institutions depends on the institution. Often, classic numbered diets are not used in clinical nutrition. However, in general, therapeutic and preventive nutrition is based precisely on the system described above. The diets of therapeutic diets and the products used for their preparation are comparable to the Pevzner diet.

The Pevzner diet, developed several decades ago, still remains relevant and in demand. Medical tables 1 to 15, some of which also have several subtypes, are sensitively tuned to facilitate the recovery of patients after operations or with various diseases. In each specific situation, a different table is used, which promotes rapid recovery.

Pevzner diet: characteristics

The method of medical diets 1 to 15 was first developed back in 1929. Nutrition according to Pevzner was actively used in medical institutions, including in sanatoriums of the USSR. The great therapist can rightfully be considered the founder of Soviet medical dietetics.

Options for a standard diet and numbers of dietary tables according to Pevzner are selected individually, according to the diagnosis. His list includes diets for problems with the gastrointestinal tract, hypertension, heart disease, liver disease, and nutrition after surgery to restore strength. You can find your own table for almost every occasion.

This approach to nutrition makes life easier for both the doctor and the patient. Doctors often prescribe therapeutic diets according to Pevzner: careful adherence to one’s diet and diet helps the patient avoid unnecessary problems with health and recover quickly. Therefore, we can safely say that such nutrition is the first step to health.

Dietary tables according to Pevzner from 1 to 15 in the table

It has already been said above that there are 15 treatment tables according to Pevzner - for each case there is one. The list includes:

Table No. 0 according to Pevzner. It works as a separate diet. Applicable in postoperative period. Liquid and soft foods are allowed in small quantities. This includes jelly, decoctions, purees, tea with sugar. Mandatory fluid intake is at least 2 liters. At quick recovery stick for 2-3 days.

Each treatment table according to Pevzner from 1 to 15, which you saw in the tables, is thought out to the smallest detail. This is a whole science of recovery. In each specific case, the menu number is selected individually. The results are analyzed, something changes. Such nutrition is not designed for a week, but for a long period of time. So wait quick results not worth it. The body must adapt to the new diet. A quick effect from Pevzner nutrition can be expected only in the postoperative period, since the patient recovers quickly with proper care.

How to get out of a diet using the Pevsner method?

This must be done extremely carefully and slowly, regardless of the duration of such nutrition and the table number. You cannot immediately take and start eating all the dishes that were prohibited. This threatens an attack of gastritis or even more serious consequences. Gradually and little by little, those products that were prohibited are introduced. You should also monitor the calorie content of your dishes, you should not daily norm exceeded 1200-1600 kcal at first. When leaving a therapeutic diet, a slight weight gain is possible.

Of course, treatment tables according to Pevzner, a brief description of which was given in the table is not a panacea for all problems, but nevertheless they have been used for a long time and the benefits are obvious. What you need to know:

• Even the best table should not replace drug treatment if prescribed by a doctor.
• Part of the menu is designed for patients in the hospital. And they have little or no physical activity. This must be taken into account when choosing a diet.
• Each of the Pevzner diets has been thoroughly researched. There is no point in adding products that are not in it. Otherwise, all efforts are monkey labor.
• In case of kidney disease, proteins are removed from the menu. This can only be used during an exacerbation period.
• After transferred operations assign table number 0. But its use is limited to the first days after surgery. During this time, it is important not to overload the intestines or lead to constipation, but at the same time, liquid should enter the body in large quantities. After all, you need to remove harmful substances after anesthesia. Then, on the advice of the doctor, they move to another table.
• The temperature of warm food should not exceed 60 degrees, and cold food should not be lower than 15.
• Any alcohol is completely excluded.
• Additionally, vitamin complexes may be prescribed.
• Pevzner began developing nutritional standards back in 1929. And these diets are still in demand.

It is important to choose the right Pevzner table, and for this you need to consult a doctor. First, he must conduct an examination, make a diagnosis, and then the doctor will help you choose the diet that will best affect the patient’s health.

Conclusion

Alas, a person is not a mechanism; he can get sick. And as you know, no disease can be neglected. At an early stage, recovery is much faster and easier. Not the last factor influencing health is nutrition. If certain diseases are detected, therapeutic diets according to Pevzner are often prescribed, which have proven their effectiveness for years.

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The main therapeutic diets that are currently used in medical institutions were developed under the leadership of the prominent Soviet therapist M.I. Pevzner back in the 1920s. These are anti-inflammatory and hyposensitizing diets that are included in the program complex therapy not only diseases of the digestive system, but also atherosclerosis, hypertension, rheumatism, tuberculosis, kidney diseases and metabolic disorders.

Therapeutic nutrition is an important part of the spa medical complex. Various diseases disrupt the normal functioning of organs and metabolic processes. Nutritional therapy helps to combat these disorders.

Many chronic diseases are aggravated due to violations of the correct, healthy regime nutrition. With pancreatitis, exacerbation can be caused by eating pancakes, fatty sour cream, fried foods, and alcohol. In diabetes mellitus, non-compliance with the diet leads to unpleasant consequences: sharp increase blood sugar levels, the appearance of severe thirst and dry mouth, the development of fatty infiltration of the pancreas and liver. If a person suffers from hypertension, salty foods can cause an increase in blood pressure. It may also make the treatment less effective.

In sanatoriums, the number designation of diets from 0 to 15 is accepted. Additional letter designations are also adopted to designate diet options. A special group of diets includes surgical (zero) diets, and fasting diets. These diets are found in sanatoriums, so here is the numbering of the diets and information about the diseases for which they are used.

Pevzner diet table

If a patient has several diseases, each of which requires the prescription of dietary nutrition, then a diet is prescribed taking into account several diets. For example, if an ulcer has worsened in a patient with diabetes mellitus, diet 1 is prescribed and foods that patients with diabetes mellitus are not allowed to eat are excluded from it.

Most often, resorts provide four meals a day. But it can be changed due to the nature of the disease. For example, patients with peptic ulcers, obesity and other diseases of the digestive system and metabolic disorders, according to the decision of doctors, are prescribed five or six meals a day.

Reasonable dietary restrictions are needed not only for those who want to get rid of excess weight, but also for people who have suffered serious illnesses. Treatment tables, developed by the Russian medical scientist Manuil Isaakovich Pevzner, help improve health during illness, significantly improve the quality of life, achieve full recovery.

What is the Pevzner Diet

The Pevzner nutrition system is now implemented in all medical and preventive institutions: hospitals, sanatoriums, children's camps. Scientists have developed about 15 treatment tables for people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), urinary and cardiovascular systems, rheumatism, tuberculosis, and metabolic disorders. All Pevzner dietary tables have proven their effectiveness and appropriateness of use over the years of use.

For each diet, scientists selected their own list of permitted and prohibited foods, preferred food processing technology, and serving sizes. When developing therapeutic nutrition, Pevzner took into account the physiological characteristics of patients with a specific disease, the biochemical processes occurring in the body during the absorption of nutrients.

Principles

There is no universal Pevzner diet that would suit absolutely all patients. By choice optimal nutrition The doctor deals with it based on the person’s needs and diagnosis. Each therapeutic diet has its own characteristics, but general principles boil down to the following:

• When following the Pevzner therapeutic diet (except for table No. 15), it is necessary to organize fractional meals– the daily diet should consist of 5-6 meals.
• A number of diets can be used not only in hospitals, health resorts, sanatoriums, but also at home. However, many diets do not require maintaining physical activity.
• Nutritional therapy is not an alternative to drug treatment, but only complements it. The patient should take the pills according to the schedule, prescribed by the doctor.
• All Pevzner tables are built so that a person receives the necessary norm BJU (proteins, fats, carbohydrates). For the body to function properly, it is important to adhere to the principles of nutrition and not replace one component of BJU with another.
• During treatment, the patient must completely stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, even in minimum quantities.
• The deficiency of vitamins and minerals is compensated by taking pharmaceutical multivitamin complexes or dietary supplements (biologically active additives to food).
• The exclusion of proteins in diets for kidney patients or people with pancreatitis is temporary and is allowed only during an exacerbation of the disease. Sticking to a protein-free diet for a long time is considered unacceptable.

Treatment tables according to Pevzner

All medical diets passed the necessary tests and were found not only safe, but also beneficial for patients. All products are divided not according to the principle of harmful or beneficial, but into those that are suitable or unsuitable for a particular case. Thus, in many diets in the list of allowed foods you can find white bread, rice or sugar, which are harmful from the point of view of proper nutrition.

Treatment table No. 0

This diet is intended for patients who have undergone operations on the gastrointestinal tract, with brain injuries, infectious diseases which are accompanied by indigestion. It is designed to restore a person’s vitality, replenish fluid and nutrients, and increase the body’s resistance. Therapeutic diet No. 0 takes place in three stages.

Table No. 0a – introductory phase, intended for patients in semi-fainting, in serious condition. His diet should be similar to baby food, both in texture and composition of dishes. Before serving, it is advisable to grind or puree all vegetables. The first stage lasts from 2 days to a week. Table No. 0a according to Pevzner completely excludes:

• solid food;
• roast;
• salty;
• legumes;
• mushrooms;
• cabbage;
• spicy, sour, salty;
• salt and sugar;
• whole milk.

The weight of a serving should not exceed 300 grams, and the total calorie content of food per day should be 1200 kcal. Allowed to be included in the diet:

• light meat broths from a secondary broth obtained by boiling poultry without skin;
• unsweetened jelly;
• natural fresh juices;
• boiled and grated vegetables;
• homemade jelly.

At the second stage, the diet of permitted foods gradually expands, and with it the calorie content of the dishes - up to 1500-1700 kcal. Table No. 0b for Pevzner suggests that the patient will add to the list described above:

• porridge – buckwheat, rice, oatmeal;
• fish or meat puree;
• chicken eggs;
• mousses from non-acidic berries;
• vegetable soups without frying in secondary broth.

Salting or seasoning food is still prohibited. Recommended heat treatment– boiling or steaming. Table 0b according to Pevzner is prescribed for a period of 1-2 weeks, then the patient moves on to the third stage of therapeutic nutrition - diet 0c. By chemical composition and calorie content, this diet plan is as close as possible to a complete diet. The following is added to the list of permitted dishes and products:

• sour cream;
• cottage cheese;
• milk porridge;
• lean meat;
• boiled vegetables;
• dry bread;
• Not sour fruits;
• weak tea.

№1

This Pevzner diet is prescribed to patients with peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, chronic gastritis in the acute stage, acute gastritis with high acidity, people with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The purpose of such nutrition is to restore normal acidity, eliminate or reduce inflammation, and stabilize the secretory activity of the stomach.

The diet is prescribed for a period of six months, during which any spicy, highly salty or sour foods, fried foods, canned food and marinades are prohibited. Daily calorie content – ​​2800 kcal. It is advisable to cook all dishes in a steam bath, boil or bake. Under strict ban are located:

• flour, fresh bread;
• any fatty meat or fish;
• pasta;
• sausages, sausages and other sausages;
• dairy products with a high percentage of fat and acidity;
• hot seasonings, sauces or spices;
• fried eggs;
• porridge – pearl barley, corn, barley;
• vegetables that provoke fermentation - cabbage, radish;
• spinach, sorrel;
• ice cream;
• carbonated drinks;
• sour fruits;
• bananas.

The amount of salt should be limited to 5 g per day. Weak teas are allowed, but it is better to replace sugar with honey. List of permitted products:

• yesterday's bread;
• lean meat - chicken (without skin), turkey, beef, rabbit;
• lean fish fillet without skin;
• low-fat dairy products;
• cereals – rice, buckwheat, semolina;
• steam omelettes;
• boiled or baked vegetables - pumpkin, carrots, bell pepper, zucchini, potatoes;
• sweet fruits, berries.

Table No. 2

Therapeutic diet No. 2 is prescribed for chronic gastritis with low acidity, atrophic gastritis And chronic colitis(disease of the large intestine). The purpose of this program is to restore the secretion of gastric juice, normalize the production digestive enzymes. The period of adherence to this diet plan is from 6 months to a year. Recommended daily calorie content– not less than 2800 kcal.

Table No. 2 according to Pevzner is characterized as a complete and fully balanced diet. The list of prohibited foods includes only fried, spicy and heavy foods:

• hot cakes;
• dark bread;
• fatty fermented milk products;
• steep broths;
• marinades;
• smoking;
• fatty meat or fish;
• legumes;
• cabbage;
• wheat, barley, corn grits;
• some vegetables - bell peppers, garlic, cucumbers, radishes or radishes, onions;
• fruits - figs, dates, currants, raspberries, gooseberries;
• strong drinks, including alcohol.

Lean meat that does not contain layers of fat (rabbit, turkey, chicken, beef), and natural milk sausages are allowed. Cereals (except those prohibited) can be added to cutlets, puddings and soups. If you prefer to prepare porridge from them, it is better to do it on a water basis. You can eat almost anything from fruits, but you must comply with the condition - they all must be fully ripe.

№3

The third table from the Pevsner cycle is prescribed to all patients with functional disorders digestive tract: for constipation, chronic diseases intestines. Daily calorie content – ​​2500 kcal. Nutrition according to Pevzner involves eating food that stimulates motor activity and does not irritate the intestines:

• Second-grade flour products - yesterday's wheat or rye bread, dried biscuits, dried biscuits, dry cookies.
• Not fatty varieties meat or fish - hake, rabbit cod, chicken, veal. All types of seafood (except canned).
• Fermented milk products - cottage cheese, natural yogurt, low-fat milk, sour cream, hard cheese.
• Dessert homemade– marmalade, pastille, marshmallows. Vegetable or fruit smoothies, salads, and jellies are suitable.
• Drinks - no strong tea, natural juices, jelly, compote. It is also recommended to use decoctions of herbs, rose hips, and bran.

Products that cause flatulence, intestinal spasms, and disrupt metabolism are strictly prohibited. These include:

• vegetables - potatoes, cabbage, green peas, onions, turnips, garlic, radishes, radishes;
• mushrooms;
• fruits and berries – blueberries, quince, dogwood, bananas;
• pasta;
• rich pastries, fresh bread;
• fatty meat - lamb, pork;
• fatty fish - mackerel, trout;
• canned food;
• acute types cheese, fatty dairy products;
• natural coffee, cocoa, strong tea;
• hot spices, sauces - adjika, black or red pepper, horseradish, mustard, mayonnaise.

Table No. 4

For acute digestive disorders - diarrhea, dysentery, chronic colitis, gastroenteritis in the acute stage, problems with the pancreas, the Pevzner diet No. 4 is prescribed. Therapeutic nutrition is aimed at restoring intestinal microflora and reducing inflammatory processes. The system provides for the supply of pureed or maximally crushed products in a warm form. Optimal calorie content daily ration– 1500-1700 kcal.

The diet is prescribed for a period of 3-10 days. It is strictly forbidden to starve or overeat. It is advisable to eat small meals 4-6 times a day. The use of mechanical or chemical irritants is prohibited. These products include:

• rich broths;
• first courses with noodles, whole grain cereals;
• legumes;
• eggs;
• dairy products;
• flour products (the only exception is crackers);
• vegetables;
• canned food;
• marinades;
• sauces.

Food can be boiled, steamed, or baked in foil. You can add to the menu:

• soups made from recycled meat, fish or vegetable broth;
• wheat crackers (up to 200 g per day);
• butter (5 g per day);
• steamed or boiled rabbit meat, chicken fillet, beef;
• porridge - semolina, oatmeal, rice, buckwheat.

№5

Diet number 5 according to Pevzner is aimed at activating the intestines, rehabilitating the liver and biliary tract, and preventing constipation. It is prescribed not only during the stages of recovery, but also during the treatment of the following diseases:

• chronic gastritis;
• colitis – inflammatory diseases mucous membrane of the large intestine;
• diseases of the liver, biliary tract - chronic cholecystitis, hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis;
• peptic ulcer of the intestines or stomach.

Medical nutrition is prescribed for a long time - from 6 months to several years. During this time, diet 5 according to Pevzner can be adjusted by the doctor, depending on the patient’s test results. Prolonged fasting or overeating is prohibited. The optimal daily calorie content of dishes is 2500 kcal. All products containing cholesterol, fats, and essential oils are prohibited.

Table number 5 according to Pevzner excludes cold drinks; all dishes should be served only warm. The preferred heat treatment of products is boiling, stewing, baking, steaming, followed by grinding. Table of permitted and prohibited products:

№6

The main goal of this therapeutic diet is to normalize purine metabolism. Nitrogenous substances (purines) are present in any organism and plants. In themselves they do not pose a threat: if correct exchange substances purines break down into uric acid, which is excreted along with urine. Violation of this process can lead to kidney stones (formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary ducts), gout (joint disease).

Normalization of purine metabolism occurs due to alkalization of the body, that is, the diet will consist of alkaline products(dairy products, fiber). During exacerbations of the disease, the energy value of meals is 1900 kcal per day, during remission - 2800 calories. Table No. 6 according to Pevzner is a long-term nutrition plan, prescribed for a period from several months to 2-3 years.

To restore proper purine metabolism, it is worth limiting salt intake to 10 g per day. Remove from the menu completely:

• mushroom broths, first courses with meat or fish;
• baked goods;
• spinach, sorrel;
• peas, beans, soybeans, lentils, beans (except green beans);
• caviar;
• offal, fatty meat, fish;
• smoked meats;
• salted cheeses;
• fruits, berries - cranberries, viburnum, raspberries;
• margarine;
• sauces - ketchup, mayonnaise, mustard.

Dishes can be prepared using any heat treatment method. Fried foods should be limited to 2 times a week. The menu should consist of the following products:

• second-grade bread (from any flour);
• any seasonal vegetables or fruits;
• lean fish (170 g per day);
• meat (150 g);
• nuts;
• any cereals, except dried unrefined cereals;
• marmalade, honey, marshmallows, marshmallows.

№7

Special diet was created for people with kidney disease. Diet number 7, compiled by Pevzner, is prescribed to patients after a month of treatment for the following diseases:

• acute or chronic glomerulonephritis (nephritis) – an immune-inflammatory kidney disease characterized by damage to the glomeruli (glomeruli);
• pyelonephritis – inflammation of the kidneys of a bacterial nature;
• renal failure;
• nephropathy of pregnancy - clinical form late toxicosis.

The Pevsner diet greatly limits salt and water intake, which is necessary to ensure complete rest for the kidneys. Acceptable rate liquid per day - no more than 1 liter. Energy value diet - 3000 kcal, of which 430 grams should be carbohydrates, 100 g - fats, 80 g - proteins. The menu includes:

• fermented milk products with a low fat content - cottage cheese, milk, sour cream, kefir;
• bran or wheat bread;
• vegetables - cabbage, cucumbers, carrots, potatoes, lettuce, beets;
• various cereals, pasta;
• lean fish, lean meat;
• berries, dried fruits;
• weak teas, coffee, juices, berries or herbal infusions;
• sweets - honey, jam, jam, jelly, marmalade.

Soups must be prepared with vegetables, without fatty broth, noodles or cereals. The list of prohibited ingredients includes:

• regular bread;
• mushrooms;
• fatty meat, fish;
• offal;
• all cheeses, fatty dairy products;
• hot spices, herbs, sauces;
• vegetables - legumes, sorrel, rhubarb, turnip, radish, garlic;
• marinades, smoking, pickling;
• sausages;
• cocoa, chocolate;
• ice cream.

№8

Treatment table according to Pevzner, number 8 is prescribed during the treatment of all stages of obesity. Weight loss is achieved by cutting daily calorie intake. With a sedentary lifestyle, the daily calorie content should be within 1300 kcal, with average exercise - 1800, for those who play sports - 2100 kcal. The drinking regime consists of 1.7 -2 liters of water per day. It is necessary to remove from the diet:

• sausages;
• salted fish, caviar;
• meat or fish with fatty layers;
• white bread, sweet pastries, desserts;
• pasta;
• dumplings, dumplings;
• sauces;
• fatty dairy products;
• ready-made semi-finished products;
• cereals – White rice, semolina, any porridge with milk.

One of the mandatory points of the diet is to refuse or reduce salt intake to 4 grams per day. The following ingredients are suitable for dietary nutrition:

• any fresh vegetables;
• fresh herbs;
• sweet and sour fruits;
• low fat dairy products;
• boiled eggs (up to 2 pieces per day);
• porridge – pearl barley, buckwheat, brown rice, millet, oatmeal (with water);
• lean meat, fish;
• fresh or frozen berries;
• teas, herbal decoctions, fruit drinks, compotes.

Table No. 9

The diet is used for mild or medium degree severity in patients who receive insulin in minimal doses (up to 30 units). Table No. 9 can additionally be prescribed to establish the body’s tolerance to carbohydrates and select optimal doses insulin. The menu involves reducing the amount of animal fats. The total caloric intake is 2300 kcal.

The basis of nutrition for diabetics is plant foods. Preference is given to fresh herbs, fruits, and vegetables. It is recommended to add to the menu:

• sweet and sour berries or fruits;
• vegetables and greens - eggplants, cucumbers, zucchini, lettuce, bell peppers, celery;
• bread with bran or rye (no more than 300 grams);
• lean meats, seafood, fish;
• proteins (up to 2 pieces per day);
• low fat dairy products;
• all cereals and legumes (except for white polished rice, semolina);
• unsweetened tea, weak coffee with milk, fresh juices, fruit drinks without sugar.

All dishes must be prepared using gentle heat treatment. Anything fried is strictly prohibited; it is permissible to steam, grill, boil, or bake. Salt consumption is limited to 5 grams per day, bright spices - turmeric, hot pepper, oregano, curry, nutmeg, sugar, honey. You need to remove from the menu:

• any confectionery, homemade desserts with sugar;
• baked goods, fresh bread;
• fatty meats, fish, lard;
• sausages;
• canned vegetables;
• cereals – semolina, white polished rice;
• canned food, smoked meats;
• sauces, hot seasonings;
• alcohol, packaged juices, sweet or carbonated drinks.

№ 10

This treatment table is indicated for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases with mild arterial hypertension ( high blood pressure) type 1 or 2 or in the compensation stage, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis. The goal of the diet is to restore normal work heart, normalize blood circulation. The energy value of the diet should be no more than 2500 kcal. You are allowed to add to the menu:

• lean meat, fish, seafood;
• dried wheat bread without salt from second or first grind flour (no more than 150 grams per day).
• boiled eggs (up to 5 pieces per week);
• dairy products - cottage cheese, milk, unsalted cheese, kefir;
• all cereals (semolina is limited to 1 time per week);
• vegetables (limited green peas and white cabbage);
• dried fruits, nuts, berries, fruits.

It is not advisable to drink large amounts of water. The volume of free fluid per day should not exceed one and a half liters. It is strictly forbidden to drink stimulating drinks: green tea, coffee, energy drinks, ginger infusions. The list of other prohibitions includes:

• fatty fish, meat;
• canned food, pickles;
• all store-bought sauces;
• confectionery products – chocolate, butter pastries;
• salted cheese;
• mushrooms;
• sorrel, spinach, radish;
• legumes;
• garlic, onions.

№11

Treatment technique, developed by nutritionist Pevzner, number 11 is used for tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, joints, lymph nodes, for weight gain in patients with exhaustion after infectious diseases, operations or injuries. To treat tuberculosis, the diet is prescribed during the period of recovery or mild exacerbation. The purpose of nutrition is to restore lung function, restore normal weight bodies.

Every day the patient should gain from 3000 to 3500 kcal. Allowable calories should be gained from protein and plant foods. In order to replenish vitamins, nutritionists recommend including more seasonal greens, vegetables and fruits of local origin in your diet. The menu must include dairy or fermented milk products, spices, nuts, and seeds.

There are no restrictions regarding heat treatment of food. It is recommended to reduce the amount of sugar and salt to a minimum. You can sweeten drinks and desserts maple syrup, honey. It is necessary to remove from the diet:

• chips, crackers, snacks;
• ready-made cakes, chocolate with filling;
• lamb, fish oil;
• processed cheeses;
• instant coffee, sweet soda;
• sausages;
• ready-made sauces.

№12

This treatment table is indicated for functional diseases of the nervous system - neuroses, hysteria, neurasthenia, catalepsy, insomnia. The goal of the diet is to restore appetite and smooth out the symptoms preceding the underlying disease. According to Pevzner, the calorie content of food should not exceed 2500 kcal. The preferred culinary processing of ingredients is baking, boiling, steaming. It is worth limiting your consumption of fried foods to twice a week. For table number 12 the following are prohibited:

• hot seasonings, sauces;
• fresh pastries, desserts;
• sour and salty cheeses – feta cheese, matsoni;
• fried or hard-boiled eggs;
• salted fish, caviar;
• vegetables – garlic, onions, radishes, spinach;
• canned food, smoked food;
• cocoa, chocolate, strong tea, coffee.

To restore the functioning of the central nervous system, the diet should include foods with high content vitamins, macro- and microelements. When building a menu you must use:

• any types of meat, fish, seafood;
• vegetables, except prohibited ones;
• yesterday's bread;
• homemade desserts – marshmallows, marshmallows;
• dairy products with low or medium fat content;
• chicken or quail eggs;
• fruits, berries in season;
• sunflower, sesame, olive or butter (in moderation).

№13

Pevzner's treatment table number 13 is prescribed for infectious diseases - pneumonia, bronchitis, whooping cough, sore throat, influenza. The diet is prescribed while the patient is following it bed rest and lasts until complete recovery. Dishes must be prepared using gentle heat treatment methods. Preference should be given to the following ingredients:

• lean meat, fish, seafood;
• natural juices, decoctions of herbs or berries;
• porridges and puddings made from semolina, rice, buckwheat;
• first courses in vegetable or secondary meat, fish broth;
• dried wheat bread, crackers;
• boiled vegetables - beets, carrots, zucchini, potatoes, cabbage;
• low-fat dairy products.

Daily caloric intake is 3000 kcal. It is important to comply with drinking regime, increasing fluid consumption to 2 - 2.5 liters. You need to remove from your diet:

• lamb, pork, lard, sausage;
• fatty fish;
• all types of mushrooms;
• radish, radish, sorrel;
• cheeses, vegetables, fruits with rough skin;
• smoking, pickling, marinades;
• beans;
• barley, corn, pearl barley, wheat porridge;
• confectionery, chocolate;
• cocoa, strong tea, coffee.

№14

The Pevzner treatment table is prescribed to all patients with kidney stones with the passage of oxalate stones. The diet helps normalize the acid-base balance and prevents the formation of precipitation. Daily caloric intake is 3500 kcal. When creating a menu, it is prohibited to use:

• sausages;
• salted fish;
• dairy products;
• vegetables;
• strong tea, coffee;
• hot sauces, spices - horseradish, mustard, ketchup;
• berry or vegetable juices.

You must follow the diet for several months. Preferred in the diet are following products:

• meat fish;
• seafood, fish caviar;
• porridges from all types of cereals;
• eggs (no more than 1 per day);
• sour apples;
• berries – lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, red currants;
• asparagus, green peas, pumpkin;
• all types of mushrooms;
• weak tea, compote of permitted berries, rosehip decoction.

№15

Treatment table according to Pevzner number 15 is prescribed to patients during the rehabilitation period or at the recovery stage, when there is no need to deviate from the general rules of nutrition. The diet helps strengthen the immune system and increase the body's resistance to various viruses and bacteria. The energy value of the table is 3700 kcal, for overweight people - 2500 kcal. Recommended Products:

• bran, rye or oat bread;
• lean meat, offal;
• fish, seafood;
• all types of vegetables, herbs;
• sweet and sour varieties of fruits and berries;
• porridge, any pasta;
• any dairy products;
• plant and butter;
• natural homemade desserts;
• nuts, seeds.

Any heat treatment of ingredients is allowed. Usual quantity table salt must be reduced to 15 grams per day. Average daily norm liquids – 1.5 liters of water. It is advisable to exclude from the diet:

• chips, snacks, crackers;
• black coffee, strong tea;
• carbonated or sweet drinks;
• packaged juices, kvass;
• heavy fats – lard, lard, smoked meats;
• sauces - mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, horseradish, Tabasco.

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