Leads to disruption of metabolic processes. Other causes of metabolic disorders. Violation of protein metabolism

In the body of living beings, chemical reactions occur, interconnected, necessary to maintain vital activity and adaptability to constantly changing environmental conditions. That's what it is metabolism, or metabolism, the violation of which is seriously harmful to health, leading to any functional changes.

Two main stages go through organic substances in the process of metabolism:
1. Catabolism (splitting into simpler substances).
2. Anabolism (synthesis of nucleic acids, protein and lipids).

Causes of metabolic disorders

There are many such reasons, and it cannot be said that they have been studied to the end. Not only heredity is to blame for metabolic disorders in the body, it is also certain acquired diseases, and even wrong image life.

Pathological metabolic disorders can occur due to dysfunctions of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid gland.

Metabolic disorders are also characteristic of diseases such as:

Gout is a metabolic disorder uric acid. With this disease in the kidneys and cartilage tissues salts are deposited in the joints, which leads to the development of inflammatory processes and edema.
Hypercholesterolemia is a violation of the catabolism of low-density lipoproteins, causing an increase in cholesterol in the blood and tissues of the body. The final stage of these disorders is atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.
Gierke's disease is a congenital disorder in which an excessive accumulation of glycogen occurs in the tissues of the body. This disease causes low blood sugar levels, an enlarged liver, and stunted growth.
Alkaptonuria is a disease masculine, and affecting the cartilaginous tissues of the spine, joints and auricles. The cause of this disease is a mutation of the gene encoding the synthesis of homogentesic acid oxidase.
Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder resulting in mental retardation caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Daily nutrition with a meager content of amino acids, vitamins and microelements, insufficient fiber content and excessive consumption of carbohydrates, animal fats, heavy and fatty foods, overeating, sedentary lifestyle and insufficient physical activity, smoking and alcohol abuse, sleep disturbances and stress - these are all also risk factors for development metabolic disorders in the body.

Symptoms of a metabolic disorder

The most characteristic symptoms of a metabolic disorder- is swelling excess weight, unhealthy skin color, bad condition nails and hair.

Since metabolic disorders affect the processes associated with fats to a greater extent, and the liver does not process fats to the full extent, an excess of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins accumulate in the body, which inevitably causes vegetative-vascular and heart diseases. In the presence of such diseases, you must also attend to the restoration of metabolism.

Treatment of metabolic disorders requires medical supervision. At an early stage, acquired diseases can be stopped before they cause serious complications.

How to restore metabolism: products

Diet and diet is very important in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Of great importance is the reduction in the amount of carbohydrates and animal fats coming from food.

You need to eat when you have a metabolic disorder in small portions, five times a day, as food speeds up the metabolism. Reducing the amount of food taken at one time helps to gradually reduce appetite and stomach volume.

Breakfast is a must! It is in the morning hours that the activity of the body increases.

Of course, the food should be enriched with minerals and vitamins, but this is not enough if you take little liquid. Water is essential to start cellular metabolism. Water-saturated cells burn more fat than desiccated cells.

But it’s not enough just to drink plenty, because if water balance in the body is disturbed, then the cells will still suffer from thirst, as the fluid will accumulate in the tissues lying outside them.

Water balance is regulated by two minerals - potassium and sodium.

At the same time, sodium absorbs and retains water, which breaks down fat and starts metabolism, while potassium removes water, providing an influx of cellular fluid.

Sodium is the main element of common table salt.

Potassium is found in large quantities in vegetables and fruits. Pumpkin porridge is especially useful in violation of water and mineral metabolism.

Useful for improving metabolism and green tea, which promotes the release of fatty acids from fat cells.

Iodine speeds up metabolism, activating thyroid gland. A lot of iodine is found in seaweed. can be accepted and vitamin complexes with iodine, because on the territory former USSR Most people in the diet are deficient in iodine.

Grapefruit also speeds up metabolism and improves digestion.

The next representative of citrus fruits, lemon, not only improves metabolism, but also contains vitamins C, B, many organic substances, improves digestion and prevents the development of sclerosis in the elderly.

How to restore metabolism: drugs

You can restore and speed up your metabolism by taking medical preparations which has been used successfully for a long time.

This may also be synthetic drugs, and their natural analogues:

Preparations based on seaweed - kelp and fucus.
Guarana extract, accelerating lipid metabolism substances and cellular metabolism.
Thermogenic and ergogenic stimulants (common in sports medicine). Their analogues are caffeine and theine.
Synthetic hormones and drugs that affect thyroid function. They have many contraindications and side effects.
Preparations based on neuroleptics and antidepressants - reduxin, meridia, lindax based on sibutramine, and the like. These drugs have many side effects and contraindications, so they are used only in extreme cases, if other methods do not help.

How to restore metabolism: folk remedies

The infusion of walnut leaves is very a good remedy improve metabolism. It is necessary to pour two teaspoons of leaves with one glass of boiling water and insist for an hour. After that, strain and take 4 times a day before meals for half a glass.
Prepare a mixture of common hops (3 tablespoons), wild parsnips (1 tablespoon), celery and bean pods (4 tablespoons each). Pour four tablespoons of the mixture with one liter of boiling water. Take one third of a glass 5-7 times a day. This mixture is especially indicated for diabetes and obesity.
Prepare a mixture of licorice root and pumpkin flowers and leaves (3 tbsp each), shepherd's purse herb, seaweed and rowan fruit (2 tbsp each). Infuse with one liter of boiling water 3 tbsp. received fee. Drink 5-7 times a day for a third of a glass. Especially recommended for violation of mineral and water metabolism.
Leaves young dandelion, which can be used in a salad, or squeeze juice out of them, taking it 3-4 times a day, 1 tablespoon. They not only improve metabolism, but also regulate digestion, enhance the activity of the glands. internal secretion and reduce body fat accumulated over the winter.
Dried horsetail, brewed as a tea, improves metabolism and cleanses the body. You need to drink it three times a day for 1/4 cup.
The crushed rhizome of couch grass should be drunk before meals 4-5 times a day, 1 tablespoon. You need to brew at the rate of 1 tablespoon of rhizome per 1 cup of boiling water.
Useful for metabolic disorders and St. John's wort. You need to take an infusion of St. John's wort three times a day for 1/3 cup.
Tibetan recipe for improving metabolism, as well as for the prevention of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and to remove sludge. Prepare a mixture of immortelle, St. John's wort, chamomile and birch buds - only 100 grams. Store this mixture in a glass jar with a tightly closed lid. In the evening, brew 1 tablespoon of the mixture with half a liter of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, then carefully strain and divide into two parts. Add 1 teaspoon of honey to one part, stir and drink before going to bed. Heat the other part in the morning and drink on an empty stomach, also with one spoonful of honey. Start eating breakfast after half an hour - an hour after that. Drink until all the prepared mixture from the jar is used up. You can repeat this course after five years.
Bath and sauna accelerate metabolism, increasing cellular activity and providing skin respiration. But it must be remembered that with some diseases bath procedures contraindicated.
Massage also helps to speed up the metabolism, and especially after the bath. But honey massage, in addition, improves blood circulation and quickly restores tired muscles.

Author: Lilia Yurkanis

- one of the main properties of all living things. Its essence lies in the fact that complex substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) enter the body, which are then broken down into smaller and smaller substances, and new body tissues are built from them. Undigested residues of substances are released into the environment.

In the course of metabolism, the energy necessary for life is released.

This process can be disrupted by different reasons and manifest itself in many diseases. Some of these diseases occur more often in women due to the peculiarities of their metabolism. Consider the main types of metabolism, the main causes of its disorders, the features of manifestations and treatment in women.

Energy and basal metabolism

The energy contained in food is released outside during digestion. Half of it is converted into heat, and the other half is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The following reasons can disrupt the formation of ATP in women:

hyperthyroidism ( excess hormones);
infectious diseases;
exposure to cold;
excess intake of vitamin C.

Under the influence of these factors, the body stores less energy than it needs.

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy that is sufficient to keep an organism alive at rest. In men, it is 1600 kcal per day, in women it is 10% less. The following conditions increase the basal metabolism:

stress, excitement;
neuroses;
fever;
increased production of thyroid-stimulating, somatotropic hormones, thyroid and sex hormones, catecholamines (adrenaline and norepinephrine);

As a result of a violation of energy metabolism and an increase in basal metabolism, the body spends more energy than it receives, and begins to use its reserves: at first muscle tissue, then carbohydrate stores in the liver and muscles, and then their own proteins. The result is a decrease in body weight, disruption of the work of all internal organs, disorders of the nervous system.

Reduce basal metabolism, that is, reduce energy intake in women, the following conditions:

starvation;
decreased hormone production;
damage to the nervous system, for example, senile dementia;

With a decrease in basal metabolism, the body receives little energy, since the processes of assimilation of food are suppressed or it is not enough at all. As a result, he, too, is forced to use his resources and deplete.
The treatment of these types of disorders is completely determined by the cause that caused them.

Vitamin exchange

Vitamins are irreplaceable substances that are not integrated into the tissues of the body, but ensure the flow of energy and energy in it. metabolic processes. Their absolute deficiency (avitaminosis) is rare and is manifested by such diseases as scurvy, beriberi and others. For the treatment of hypovitaminosis is often enough only good nutrition. In most cases, women in our country develop hypovitaminosis. Their manifestations are nonspecific:

irritability;
decreased memory and concentration;
fatigue and others.

The main causes of hypovitaminosis in women:

reduced intake of vitamins from food;
lack of a culture of taking synthetic vitamins;
violation of the intestinal microflora due to antibiotic treatment and malnutrition;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including;
increased need for vitamins during pregnancy, breastfeeding, hyperthyroidism, stress.

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms:

, mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, respiratory tract;
frequent infections respiratory organs and skin;
"night blindness" and others.

Treatment consists in eating foods rich in this vitamin: liver, dairy products, cod liver and halibut. Pro-vitamin A is found in carrots, red peppers, tomatoes, rose hips, sea buckthorn. Usually, adding these foods to food is enough to make up for vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women. The main causes of hypovitaminosis D:

rare exposure to the sun;
pancreatitis and;

A manifestation of vitamin D deficiency is osteomalacia - softening of the bones. Vitamin D is found in butter, egg yolk, liver and fish oil and also in vegetable oils.

Vitamin E deficiency leads primarily to impaired reproductive function, as well as to dystrophy of internal organs. It occurs rarely, mainly when refusing to eat. vegetable oils. Vitamin E is also found in lettuce, cabbage and cereals, meat, butter and eggs.

Vitamin K deficiency is rare because it is synthesized intestinal microflora. It can be caused by operations on the intestines, overtreatment antibiotics, other bowel diseases.

It is manifested by bleeding and hemorrhage, rapid education hematomas and bruises. Cabbage, lettuce, spinach, mountain ash, pumpkin, pork liver are rich in this vitamin.

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms:

fragility of blood vessels;
weakness and apathy;
susceptibility to infections;
gum disease.

Ascorbic acid is found in herbal products: pepper, cabbage, rowan, black currant, potato, citrus. In women, the need for vitamin C increases during pregnancy and lactation.

The main symptom of vitamin B1 deficiency is damage to the nervous system: neuritis, paralysis, and also. There are also mental disorders. It occurs in hyperthyroidism, an overdose of diuretics, diseases of the digestive system. Vitamin is found in wholemeal bread, soybeans, beans, peas, potatoes, animal liver.

Vitamin B2 deficiency in women is manifested primarily by inflammation of the red border of the lips with the formation of cracks in the corners of the mouth. The skin is affected in the form of dermatitis. These phenomena occur mainly with insufficient intake of vitamin with food, as well as with serious illnesses digestive organs. Vitamin is found in wholemeal bread, meat, eggs, milk.

With a lack nicotinic acid there is weakness, apathy, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, frequent infections. Then the lesion of the skin and oral cavity joins. This condition occurs with a decrease in the intake of vitamin with food, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, carcinoid syndrome, alcoholism. There are also congenital metabolic disorders of this substance. The main source of vitamin PP: rice, meat, bread, potatoes, liver, carrots.

Vitamin B6 deficiency appears with stress, fever, hyperthyroidism. It is accompanied by inflammation of the lips, tongue, peeling of the skin, anemia. Vitamin B6 is found in bread, legumes, meat and potatoes, liver, cereal seeds. The need for this vitamin increases during pregnancy.

It develops in women with strict vegetarianism, as well as in some diseases of the stomach, and leads to the development of severe anemia, damage to the digestive organs and the nervous system. It is found in meat, liver, fish, milk, eggs.

Folic acid deficiency can occur when taking sulfonamides, barbiturates, alcohol. In addition to the fact that this causes symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency, the division of young cells, primarily blood and epithelium, is simultaneously disrupted. Folic acid deficiency is very dangerous during pregnancy, it can lead to fetal growth retardation and other pathological conditions. Folic acid found in green plants, tomatoes, meat, kidneys, liver.

So vitamin deficiency female body can be manifested by damage to almost any organ. Diagnosis of hypovitaminosis is difficult. You can prevent this condition with the help of good nutrition (meat, bread, vegetables, dairy products are especially useful) and the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Carbohydrate metabolism

Disturbances in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in women can be associated with such conditions:

congenital deficiency of enzymes, for example, lactose;
pancreatitis;
bowel disease.

Manifestations of malabsorption: weight loss, apathy, fatigue, headache and others associated with a lack of energy in the body.

Glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and stored there to prevent spikes in blood sugar. This process is disrupted in the following diseases:

hypoxia;
liver disease (hepatitis, including medicinal);
hypovitaminosis C and B1;
diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism.

The breakdown of glycogen is disturbed in glycogenoses - severe hereditary diseases.

The supply of glucose to tissues is regulated by various hormones:

insulin;
glucagon;
adrenalin;
somatotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones;
glucocorticoids;
thyroxine.

With all diseases associated with a violation of the production of these hormones, carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed. Among women common causes this is diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease.

Manifestations of the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism are hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) and hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs with severe physical and mental stress, and in women it also occurs during breastfeeding. Blood sugar levels in women can decrease with diabetes mellitus, diseases of the kidneys, liver and adrenal glands, hypovitaminosis B1, and also during fasting. Symptoms of hypoglycemia: muscle tremors, weakness, sweating, dizziness, up to loss of consciousness.

Hyperglycemia in women occurs after eating and during stress. It accompanies hyperthyroidism, diseases of the nervous system, and diabetes mellitus. Severe hyperglycemia leads to impaired consciousness and coma. With a chronic increase in blood sugar levels, the retina, microvessels of the legs, kidneys suffer, infectious diseases join.

Treatment of impaired carbohydrate metabolism is possible only after determining which disease caused hypo- or hyperglycemia.

lipid metabolism

Violation of lipid metabolism occurs due to the pathology of their splitting, assimilation, deposition and metabolism. It can occur under the following conditions:

, in which enzymes are not produced to break down fats;
liver diseases (hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis), in which the formation of bile, which helps to absorb fats, is impaired;
defeat small intestine and diarrhea;
hypovitaminosis A, B, C.

Manifestations of the disturbed fat metabolism among women:

hypovitaminosis fat soluble vitamins(A, D, E, K) with the corresponding clinic;
fatty acid deficiency, manifested by hair loss, skin inflammation, impaired fertility, in particular, anovulation;
exhaustion or.

Increased reserves of fat in a woman's body are programmed by nature. This makes it easier to get pregnant and carry a baby. However, obesity leads to serious consequences: increased pressure, destruction of joints, the development of diabetes and coronary disease hearts. For women, the type of obesity "pear" is characteristic, when fat deposits are located on the lower part of the body, thighs and buttocks. This is caused by hormonal differences between men and women. Obesity in the form of an "apple" most often speaks of serious problems in the female body.

Obesity in the form of a "pear" is more resistant to diet, but it is safer for the body than abdominal obesity "apple".

It should be noted that rapid weight loss in women is accompanied by significant changes in the nervous system, as a result of which a woman experiences a depressed mood, depression, and a breakdown. With severe obesity, it can be treated only under the supervision of a doctor and preferably in a group of like-minded people.

Obesity in the form of an "apple" is one of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Watch a video about it.

Protein metabolism

Proteins are an indispensable material for the body. The reason for their deficiency is starvation or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Increased breakdown of proteins in the body occurs during cancer, tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, fever, burns, stress, kidney disease and hypovitaminosis. Many of these factors often affect women specifically.

Metabolic disorders in each person can proceed in different ways, because the reasons for this deviation can be anything.

Major metabolic disorders:

A sharp increase in weight;
Tooth decay;
Change in skin color;
Intestinal dysfunction ( liquid stool or constipation);
Dyspnea;
Problems with hair and nails, violation of their structure;
Puffiness is also a sign of metabolic disorders.

Many women who notice, in particular, excess weight, decide to cleanse the body on their own. JustLady strongly advises against self-medication: consult a doctor before taking any measures.

Why does a metabolic disorder require medical supervision? The fact is that these disorders primarily affect the processes associated with fats. The liver cannot process fats in full, so the body accumulates cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. These substances begin to settle on the walls of blood vessels. As a result, the development of cardiac and vegetative-vascular diseases. Therefore, if there is, then you should immediately consult a specialist. After all, on early stages everything is much easier to treat, everyone knows that.

What is the cause of metabolic disorders?

There are a lot of reasons for this, and many of them have not even been studied yet. This violation can lead to dysfunction of the sex glands, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands. General health and correct exchange substances in particular also depends on a person's lifestyle and, of course, diet. So, the overall balance of the system can be disturbed due to excessive nutrition or, conversely, starvation.

The most common causes of metabolic disorders include an unhealthy lifestyle, alcohol abuse, and low physical activity.

The realities of our time are such that sometimes a person is to blame for the fact that violations occur in his body. So, when a person deliberately oversaturates his diet with heavy, high-calorie foods, he risks disrupting his metabolism. The risk group also includes people who smoke, consume alcohol, lead an inactive lifestyle. Metabolic disorders can provoke physical inactivity, stressful situations, sleep disturbances, unbalanced, insufficient intake of vitamins and trace elements. may indicate the presence of any disease. Metabolic disorders can be caused by hereditary causes, and be acquired. Whatever it was, you should definitely contact an endocrinologist.

How is metabolic disorder treated?

Unfortunately, this process is rather complicated. If the violation is caused by genetic factors, then it is more complex, requiring constant medical supervision. If the violation is acquired, then in the initial stages it is much easier to eliminate the violation. The main thing that a person should do during treatment is to normalize the regimen and diet. First you need to reduce carbohydrates and animals, it is advisable to eat more often, but less. That is, split the amount of food that a person takes at a time into several small portions.

Signs of a metabolic disorder a person can detect after suffering stressful situations. It is clear that in order to normalize metabolism, you first need to normalize your mental condition. Good sleep plays an important role in the treatment of the disorder, so it is extremely important that a person observe a sleep schedule. And, of course, you can't do without physical activity. Due to regular sports training the body begins to expend more energy, and, as a result, excess fat begins to be burned.

Thus, you do not need to treat yourself signs of metabolic disorders and start with the reasons that led to this. It is important that it includes the whole range of measures in order to achieve a really good result.

JustLady reminds you that restoring a normal metabolism should be addressed immediately when identified symptoms of metabolic disorders. Otherwise, a neglected disease can lead to obesity or other health-threatening consequences. It is advisable to consult a dietitian who will help you create an acceptable diet and draw up a treatment plan. The main thing is not to start the disease and not self-medicate. Of course, at first it will be difficult, because you will have to change your lifestyle and radically change your diet, and how difficult it is sometimes to give up your favorite goodies. But now health is much more important, especially since there are huge selection useful and no less delicious food. Be healthy!

Alisa Terentyeva

Metabolism (metabolism) - the totality of all chemical changes and all types of transformations of substances and energy in the body, ensuring its development and vital activity, communication with the environment and adaptation to changes in external conditions.

In the human body, there is a hormonal regulation of metabolism, coordinated by the central nervous system.

Causes of metabolic disorders. Any disease in varying degrees is accompanied by metabolic disorders. Genetically determined metabolic disorders are the cause of many hereditary diseases.

Manifestations of metabolic disorders are in a change in the interaction and transformation of various compounds, excessive accumulation of intermediate metabolic products, in their incomplete or excessive release, which leads to diseases of various body systems.

Folk remedies for the treatment of metabolic disorders:

* Very well copes with the improvement of metabolism infusion of walnut leaves. Pour two teaspoons of leaves with 1 cup of boiling water and leave to infuse for an hour. Strain and take 1/2 cup 4 times daily before meals.

* When decreasing defensive forces organism, aging, diseases of cardio-vascular system, to improve metabolism, cleanse the body of toxins, for the prevention of atherosclerosis and hypertension, the following recipe of Tibetan medicine is useful. Take 100 g of immortelle grass, St. John's wort, birch buds, chamomile flowers, chop them. Put the mixture in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. In the evening, pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain through a cloth (but not through gauze), squeeze lightly. Put 1 teaspoon of honey in 1 glass of infusion, stir it. Have a drink before bed. In the morning, warm up the remaining infusion, dissolve 1 teaspoon of honey in it and drink on an empty stomach. You can have breakfast half an hour to an hour after taking the infusion. Drink until you use the entire mixture. Such a course of rejuvenation should be carried out 1 time in 5 years.

* A tablespoon of red viburnum brew a glass of boiling water, leave for 1-2 hours, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 2 times a day. Viburnum fruits contain a number of acids and other substances needed by the body. The infusion is a tonic and sedative.

* It removes toxins well, having a diuretic effect, field harrow. 20-30 g of crushed harrow root is poured into 1 liter of water and boiled until a third of the volume of liquid has evaporated, filtered. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Another remedy has the same effect: 10 g of leaves and 20 g of harrow roots are poured with 2 glasses of water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted and filtered. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

* Take 3 parts of motherwort herb and cudweed, 2 parts of wild rosemary and 1 part of horsetail and buckthorn bark. All ingredients should be equally well ground. After you mix everything thoroughly, pour 2 tablespoons of the collection into 2.5 cups of boiling water and keep on low heat for another 10 minutes. Try not to boil the broth. Leave it to brew in a warm place for 30 minutes and strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day after meals.

* Make a medical collection from a series of - 10 g, walnut leaves - 5 g, tricolor violets - 20 g, burdock roots - 15 g, flowers of deaf nettle (lasmon) - 10 g, yarrow inflorescences - 10 g, black currant leaves - 10 g, strawberry leaves - 15 g. 20 g of the prepared mixture, pour 1 liter of water and boil over low heat for 10 minutes. Drink a decoction of 1 glass of wine (approximately 30 ml) after an hour. Use as a blood purifier for skin diseases.

* To remove toxins, take 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil into your mouth and move it in your mouth with vigorous movements of the lips and cheeks, especially under the tongue - a network of small blood vessels comes closest here. This procedure is similar to sucking on candy. It continues for 10-15 minutes. Then you need to spit out the oil and immediately rinse your mouth thoroughly with a decoction of any herb that has strong bactericidal properties. This procedure is best done in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before bedtime.

* Grate 350 g of garlic on a fine grater. Then 200 g of this mass, taken from below, where there is more juice, put in a glass vessel, add 200 ml of alcohol, close tightly, mix and place in a dark cool place. After 10 days, strain and squeeze. You can start drinking the tincture after 2-3 days strictly according to the scheme: gradually increase the dose from 2 drops to 25. Add them to 1/4 cup of cold milk and take 3 times a day 15-20 minutes before meals. Course - 11 days. You can repeat the treatment after 6 years.

* Combine the components in the indicated ratios: verbena grass - 1 part, string grass, black elderberry flowers, walnut leaves, burdock leaves and root, hop cones, birch leaves, strawberry leaves, cocklebur herb, lucid herb, licorice root, bedstraw herb - 2 parts. Pour a tablespoon of the collection with 200 ml of boiling water, insist. Drink between meals and at night. For the day you need to use 1 cup of the dried mixture.

* Mix the ingredients in the indicated quantities: wild parsnips - 1 tablespoon, common hops - 3 tablespoons, odorous celery, common beans (pods) - 4 tablespoons each. For 0.8 liters of boiling water, take 3 tablespoons of the collection. Take 30 ml 6 times a day. It is used for metabolic disorders against the background of obesity and especially for diabetes mellitus.

* Mix the ingredients in the indicated quantities: ordinary pumpkin (color, leaf), naked licorice (root) - 3 tablespoons each, sea kale, mountain ash, ordinary shepherd's purse - 2 tablespoons each. For 1 liter of boiling water, take 3 tablespoons of the collection. Take 50 ml 7 times a day in violation of water and mineral metabolism. At the same time, it is recommended to eat pumpkin porridge.

* Young dandelion leaves enhance the activity of the endocrine glands, regulate digestion, improve metabolism and reduce fat deposits formed during the winter. Leaves can be used as a salad, drink juice 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.

* Mix the ingredients in the indicated quantities: lobed nightshade - 2 tablespoons, seaweed - 4 tablespoons, common chicory - 6 tablespoons. For 0.8 liters of boiling water, take 3 tablespoons of the collection. Take 30 ml 7 times a day in violation of protein metabolism.

* To improve metabolism and cleanse the body, Russian healers recommended taking a decoction of horsetail. Dried and chopped horsetail is brewed as tea and drunk 1/4 cup 3 times a day.

* 4 tablespoons of dry chopped raw materials in a series of three-separate pour 1 liter of boiling water, insist overnight in a thermos, strain. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.

* Brew 5 cups of boiling water 4 tablespoons of crushed rhizomes of couch grass, boil the contents until it is reduced to 1/4 volume. Take 1 tablespoon 4-5 times daily before meals.

* A tablespoon of St. John's wort brew 1 cup boiling water and insist, wrapped, 30 minutes. Drink 1/3 cup 3 times a day.

Metabolic disorders in children

Metabolic disorders in children and metabolic disorders in adults sometimes differ dramatically. The child's body develops intensively, so it needs much more energy resources and plastic elements, which are produced due to the food entering the body. The metabolic rate is especially high in children under one year old, when the main systemic functions of the child are formed. Next, the child needs significant energetic resources on the processes of assimilation and synthesis that promote development and growth. Since the central nervous system, neurohumoral mechanisms and endocrine glands are not stabilized, the regulation of metabolic processes in a child is imperfect. Therefore, metabolic disorders in children are quite common, especially in our time, when there is no culture of rational nutrition and compliance with norms. motor activity. The consequence of a metabolic disorder in a child may be such diseases:

Anemia, which develops against the background of a deficiency of protein components and iron. That is why so far children's body growing, it is very important to monitor the nutrition and diet of the child. Even if the parents are fanatically devoted to the idea of vegetarianism, for a child such a diet is a direct path to anemia.
Rickets, which develops due to a deficiency of phosphorus and calcium, or pathological features of the body that prevent the absorption of calcium. Both calcium and phosphorus play an important role in the formation of the bone and cartilage system, especially in the first months of a baby's life.
Tetany or spasmophilia, which develops due to a malfunction in phosphorus-calcium metabolism and an excess of calcium, against the background of previously diagnosed rickets. Spasmophilia manifests itself convulsive syndrome, spasms.
Amyloidosis is a pathological disease that is provoked by a violation physiological level metabolism. The disease manifests itself in the form of damage to the muscles of the kidneys or heart, the reason is the deposition of structurally altered proteins in muscle tissues (amyloids).
Hyperglycemia, which is a consequence of latent diabetes mellitus.
Hypoglycemia (insulin shock) is a low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood due to stress or due to maternal diabetes.

Metabolic disorders at any stage, both in adults and in children, provoke pathological changes in the functioning of body systems and is a serious threat to health.

The first signs of metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorders show a variety of symptoms, among which the most characteristic is overweight, obesity. Next in the list of signs are swelling and changes in the structure. skin, hair, nails. These are the most “visible” symptoms that should alert a person and encourage him to undergo examination and treatment.

also in clinical practice diseases are described in detail, which are inevitably accompanied by signs of metabolic disorders.

Gout is a violation of the regulation of uric acid metabolism, in which salts accumulate in the kidneys and cartilage tissues, provoking an inflammatory process.
Hypercholesterolemia - disorders of dissimilation, catabolism of lipoproteins, when the level of cholesterol in the blood rises significantly, and cholesterol also accumulates in tissues. This imbalance is one of the reasons for the rapidly developing cardiovascular diseases worldwide.
Phenylketonuria - metabolic disorders of hereditary etiology, when the body lacks a specific enzyme - phenylalanine hydroxylase, which leads to mental disorders (developmental delay).
Gierke's disease is an excess of glycogen in organs and tissues, which leads to hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver), developmental delay - in growth, hypoglycemia.
Alkaptonuria is a metabolic disorder due to gene mutation when the gene responsible for the synthesis of oxidase does not fulfill its function. It's typical male disease affecting cartilage tissue (spine, joints).
Albinism is the absence of the essential pigment melanin. The disease is caused by the inability to synthesize tyrosine and phenylalanine and has a hereditary etiology.

In addition to these diseases, signs of metabolic disorders are characteristic of many other pathologies, as a rule, developing genetic deformation.

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Symptoms of metabolic disorders can be different. They depend on what level of metabolism is changing - molecular, cellular, metabolism in tissues and organs, or an integral level. Any violation of the chemical metabolic process can provoke a disease. Causes, disturbing metabolism lie in the dysfunction of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, in heredity, and metabolic disorders can also cause Not proper nutrition most often starvation. Changes in metabolic processes appear gradually, therefore primary symptoms most often not visible. The most pronounced signs relate to a violation of the integral level, which includes the main types of assimilation and dissimilation of important components:

Synthesis of proteins (proteins).
Dissimilation (disintegration) of proteins.
Synthesis of fats.
dissimilation of fats.
Synthesis of carbohydrates.
dissimilation of carbohydrates.

How to recognize the first signs of metabolic disorders?

Metabolic disorders are the main symptoms:

A noticeable change in body weight - both up and down, while maintaining the usual diet.
Lack of appetite or vice versa - increased appetite.
The appearance of hyper or hypopigmentation.
Dental problems, mainly the destruction of tooth enamel.
Job disruption digestive system-diarrhea alternates with constipation.
Changes in the structure of nails and hair - dryness, layering, brittleness (hair - early gray hair, nails - white spots).
Dermatological problems - acne, skin rashes, less often - furunculosis.
Paleness of the skin, puffiness of the face and swelling of the extremities (pastosity).

Diseases caused by metabolic disorders can be hereditary or acquired.

Metabolic disorders, symptoms of hereditary diseases:

Hypercholesterolemia is a violation of the breakdown of lipoproteins, as a result of which atherosclerosis develops. Signs and diseases:

numbness of the extremities (they are often cold);
cyanosis (cyanosis) of the skin;
cardiological pathologies;
impaired concentration, memory;
hypertension;
nephropathology, diabetes.

Gierke's disease congenital pathology associated with a violation of the enzymatic function of the liver, in which the following symptoms appear:

hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver);
subfebrile temperature;
dyspnea;
growth retardation;
deviation from the norms of physical development;
hypoglycemia.

Gout is a change in the metabolism of uric acid, the deposition of salts in cartilage tissues, in the kidneys, accompanied by the following symptoms:

pain in thumbs legs;
inflammation of the joints of the feet;
swelling and redness of the joints of the feet;
increased body temperature;
the formation of tophi (subcutaneous nodes) in elbow joints, in the auricles and in the calcaneal tendons.

Phenylketonuria - genetic disorder metabolism, the symptoms of which appear before the age of one and relate to the central nervous system and mental development. As a result of changes in amino acid metabolism, the following signs appear:

lethargy, apathy, unusual for babies;
lethargy is abruptly replaced by irritability;
lag in physical and mental development (weak degree of oligophrenia or idiocy);
lag in anatomical development - small size skull, late eruption teeth, bone underdevelopment muscular system;
typical symptoms - rocking gait, small steps, in a sitting position - "tailor's position" due to hypertonicity;
quite frequent cases of albinism (lack of melanin);
acrocyanosis (cyanosis) of the extremities;
hypotension;
dermatitis.

Alkaptonuria - genetic disease when the activity of homogentisinase (enzyme) is reduced and the breakdown of amino acids - tyrosine and phenylalalin is disturbed. Symptoms:

dark urine color from birth;
pronounced skin hyperpigmentation;
general weakness;
arthritis and osteitis;
osteoporosis;
hoarseness of voice.

Metabolic disorders, the symptoms of which can be attributed to diseases caused by external factors and dysfunctions of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland. As a rule, deficiency or excess of amino acids, minerals or vitamins causes the following problems:

Lack or excess of potassium in the body

Potassium is responsible for the functioning of the muscular system, participates in the transmission of nerve signals (impulses), controls acid-base balance, activates fermentation processes. Violation normal level potassium provokes the following symptoms:

From the side of the nervous system - irritability, decreased concentration of attention and memory, decreased all reflexes.
From the side of the cardiovascular system - hypotension, dizziness, arrhythmia (low potassium levels) or tachycardia (an excess of potassium).
On the part of the digestive tract - lack of appetite, nausea, up to vomiting, stool disorder, flatulence, inhibition of intestinal motility, abdominal cramps.
On the part of the muscular system - cramps (calves), decreased physical activity, weakness, up to mild paralysis.
From the side urinary system- impaired urination frequent urges, excessive or decreased urination).
On the part of the acid-base balance - obvious manifestations of acidosis (increased acidity).

Calcium imbalance

A change in the amount of calcium in the body affects cellular functions, on the formation of bone tissue, including dental, calcium is involved in the processes of blood clotting, in the transport of nerve impulses and in the work of muscles. Hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia is manifested by the following symptoms:

From the nervous system - tics, twitching of the muscles of the mouth, spasms in the throat, neurotic in nature, irritability, anxiety, drowsiness, apathy. Less often - headaches.
On the part of the musculoskeletal system - numbness of the fingers, cramps in the calves of the legs, muscle atony, tics, fragility of bone and dental tissue.
From the side of the cardiovascular system - a violation of the normal heart rhythm (tachycardia, arrhythmia), symptoms of heart block, hypotension or hypertension.
On the part of digestion - nausea to vomiting, constant thirst and dehydration, constipation.

Metabolic disorder, the symptoms of which relate to deficiency or excess of magnesium

Magnesium is an important microelement, an intracellular cation, thanks to which the nervous system, as well as the muscular apparatus, works. Magnesium is also involved in the work of all enzymes, helps the functioning parathyroid glands. Magnesium imbalance is manifested by such signs:

On the part of the muscles - convulsions, both night and day, muscle atony, decreased reflexes, lethargy, up to pseudo-paralysis, spasm respiratory muscles, myalgia.
From the side of the nervous system - drowsiness, lethargy, apathy, cognitive decline, in case of an excess of magnesium - delusional states, hallucinations.
From the side of the cardiovascular system - arrhythmia or tachycardia, reduced arterial pressure, characterized leaps and bounds up, bradycardia, signs of heart block, up to a stop.

Metabolic disorder whose symptoms indicate a sodium imbalance

Sodium is responsible for the regulation of blood pressure, controls the acid-base balance, participates in the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and muscular systems, transports glucose to tissue cells, participates in the functioning of the kidneys and transport of amino acids. Violation of the normal level of sodium is manifested by the following symptoms:

From the respiratory system - cyanosis (cyanosis of the skin), severe shortness of breath to the point of stopping breathing.
From the gastrointestinal tract - persistent nausea, vomiting, spasms, colic in the abdominal region of the abdomen. Great thirst, dry and rough tongue.
From the side of the cardiovascular system - hypotension, hypotonic crises, vascular collapse (filamentous pulse).
External manifestations of an excess of sodium - puffiness, pastosity of the skin, overweight.
From the nervous system - headaches, tics, convulsions. Anxiety and excitability.
On the part of the skin - sweating, decreased skin turgor, partial hyperemia (redness), dry areas of the skin.
From the urinary system - decreased urination, in small portions, frequent urges.

In addition to trace elements, metabolic disorders, the symptoms of which are varied, may indicate a lack or excess of vitamins in the body. We list the main vitamins, which, as a rule, play a leading role in the functioning of organs and systems. Vitamin imbalances can manifest the following symptoms:

Vitamin A

Night blindness.
Dry eyes.
Dryness of the skin.
Thickening of the mucous membranes of the eyes, membranes urogenital area, oral mucosa.
Growth retardation in children under one year old.

B vitamins

Niacin deficiency - fatigue, diarrhea, dementia (dementia), dermatitis. In medicine, this syndrome is called the syndrome of three D.
Lack of thiamine (B1) - irritability, swelling of the legs, pallor of the skin, abdominal pain, constipation, convulsions, difficulty breathing, nervous exhaustion. Acute B1 deficiency can cause heart failure.
Deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B2) - cracks in the corners of the mouth, chapped lips, pruritus, inflamed eyes ("sand" in the eyes), anemia may develop.
Lack of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - numbness of the limbs, muscle atony, convulsions, poor condition of nails and hair (fallout), dermatitis.
Deficiency of vitamin B12 (cyanocobolamine) - anemia in malignant form, weight loss, constipation and diarrhea, muscle atony, swollen and cracked tongue, dementia, mental illness.

Metabolic disorder whose symptoms are associated with vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy (violation of collagen bonds and as a result - increased bleeding, muscle atony and atrophy, destruction of the bone structure).
Weakness and fatigue.
Irritability, nervousness, depression.
Swelling of the periarticular tissues.
Enlargement of joints due to the deposition of salts.
decline immune protection, frequent infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Loss of appetite, weight loss.
Poor wound healing.
Fragility of capillaries, bruising.

The symptoms of metabolic disorders are multiple, often they appear only on late stages the development of the disease. That is why it is so important to follow the rules of a reasonable, balanced diet and regularly conduct course vitamin therapy.

Metabolic disorders can have a wide variety of symptoms, often similar to those of more well-studied diseases. If a misdiagnosed disease is not cured standard schemes treatment, you should carefully study the state of all levels of metabolism, contact an endocrinologist.

ilive.com.ua

Metabolism is one of the main properties of all living things. Its essence lies in the fact that complex substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) enter the body, which are then broken down into smaller and smaller substances, and new body tissues are built from them. Undigested residues of substances are released into the environment.

In the course of metabolism, the energy necessary for life is released.

This process can be disturbed under the influence of various reasons and manifested by many diseases. Some of these diseases occur more often in women due to the peculiarities of their metabolism. Consider the main types of metabolism, the main causes of its disorders, the features of manifestations and treatment in women.

Energy and basal metabolism

hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone);
infectious diseases;
exposure to cold;
excess intake of vitamin C.

Under the influence of these factors, the body stores less energy than it needs.

stress, excitement;
neuroses;
fever;
diabetes;
increased production of thyroid-stimulating, somatotropic hormones, thyroid and sex hormones, catecholamines (adrenaline and norepinephrine);
allergy;

As a result of a violation of energy metabolism and an increase in basal metabolism, the body spends more energy than it receives, and begins to use its reserves: first, muscle tissue, then carbohydrate reserves in the liver and muscles, and then its own proteins. The result is a decrease in body weight, disruption of the work of all internal organs, disorders of the nervous system.

Reduce basal metabolism, that is, reduce energy intake in women, the following conditions:

starvation;
anemia;
decreased hormone production;
damage to the nervous system, for example, senile dementia;

Vitamin exchange

Vitamins are irreplaceable substances that are not integrated into the tissues of the body, but ensure the flow of energy and metabolic processes in it. Their absolute deficiency (avitaminosis) is rare and is manifested by such diseases as scurvy, rickets, beriberi and others. For the treatment of hypovitaminosis, often enough only good nutrition. In most cases, women in our country develop hypovitaminosis. Their manifestations are nonspecific:

dizziness;
irritability;
decreased memory and concentration;
headache;
fatigue and others.

The main causes of hypovitaminosis in women:

reduced intake of vitamins from food;
lack of a culture of taking synthetic vitamins;
violation of the intestinal microflora due to antibiotic treatment and malnutrition;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including liver failure;
increased need for vitamins during pregnancy, breastfeeding, hyperthyroidism, stress.

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms:

dry skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, respiratory tract;
frequent respiratory and skin infections;
"night blindness" and others.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women. The main causes of hypovitaminosis D:

rare exposure to the sun;
pancreatitis and gallstone disease;
chronic renal failure.

A manifestation of vitamin D deficiency is osteomalacia - softening of the bones. Vitamin D is found in butter, egg yolk, liver and fish oils, and vegetable oils.

Vitamin E deficiency leads primarily to impaired reproductive function, as well as to dystrophy of internal organs. It is rare, mainly when refusing to eat vegetable oils. Vitamin E is also found in lettuce, cabbage and cereals, meat, butter and eggs.

Vitamin K deficiency is rare because it is synthesized by the intestinal microflora. It can be caused by bowel surgery, overtreatment with antibiotics, and other bowel diseases.

It manifests itself in bleeding and hemorrhage, the rapid formation of hematomas and bruises. Cabbage, lettuce, spinach, mountain ash, pumpkin, pork liver are rich in this vitamin.

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms:

fragility of blood vessels;
weakness and apathy;
susceptibility to infections;
gum disease.

Ascorbic acid is found in plant products: pepper, cabbage, mountain ash, black currant, potatoes, citrus fruits. In women, the need for vitamin C increases during pregnancy and lactation.

The main symptom of vitamin B1 deficiency is damage to the nervous system: neuritis, paralysis, and heart failure. There are also mental disorders. It occurs in hyperthyroidism, an overdose of diuretics, diseases of the digestive system. Vitamin is found in wholemeal bread, soybeans, beans, peas, potatoes, animal liver.

Vitamin B2 deficiency in women is manifested primarily by inflammation of the red border of the lips with the formation of cracks in the corners of the mouth. The skin is affected in the form of dermatitis. These phenomena occur mainly with insufficient intake of the vitamin from food, as well as with severe diseases of the digestive system. Vitamin is found in wholemeal bread, meat, eggs, milk.

With a lack of nicotinic acid, weakness, apathy, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, and frequent infections appear. Then the lesion of the skin and oral cavity joins. This condition occurs with a decrease in the intake of vitamin with food, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, carcinoid syndrome, alcoholism. There are also congenital metabolic disorders of this substance. The main source of vitamin PP: rice, meat, bread, potatoes, liver, carrots.

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops in women with strict vegetarianism, as well as with certain stomach diseases, and leads to the development of severe anemia, damage to the digestive system and nervous system. It is found in meat, liver, fish, milk, eggs.

Folic acid deficiency can occur when taking sulfonamides, barbiturates, alcohol. In addition to the fact that this causes symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency, the division of young cells, primarily blood and epithelium, is simultaneously disrupted. Folic acid deficiency is very dangerous during pregnancy, it can lead to fetal growth retardation and other pathological conditions. Folic acid is found in green plants, tomatoes, meat, kidneys, liver.

So, the lack of vitamins in the female body can be manifested by the defeat of almost any organ. Diagnosis of hypovitaminosis is difficult. You can prevent this condition with the help of good nutrition (meat, bread, vegetables, dairy products are especially useful) and the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Carbohydrate metabolism

Disturbances in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in women can be associated with such conditions:

congenital deficiency of enzymes, for example, lactose;
pancreatitis;
bowel disease.

Manifestations of malabsorption: weight loss, apathy, fatigue, headache and others associated with a lack of energy in the body.

Glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and stored there to prevent spikes in blood sugar. This process is disrupted in the following diseases:

hypoxia;
liver disease (hepatitis, including medicinal);
hypovitaminosis C and B1;
diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism.

The breakdown of glycogen is disturbed in glycogenoses - severe hereditary diseases.

The supply of glucose to tissues is regulated by various hormones:

insulin;
glucagon;
adrenalin;
somatotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones;
glucocorticoids;
thyroxine.

With all diseases associated with a violation of the production of these hormones, carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed. In women, diabetes mellitus, pituitary adenoma, and thyroid disease are common causes of this.

The manifestations of impaired carbohydrate metabolism are hypoglycemia (decrease in blood glucose levels) and hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs with severe physical and mental stress, and in women - also during breastfeeding. Blood sugar levels in women can decrease with diabetes mellitus, diseases of the kidneys, liver and adrenal glands, hypovitaminosis B1, and also during fasting. Symptoms of hypoglycemia: muscle tremors, weakness, sweating, dizziness, up to loss of consciousness.

Hyperglycemia in women occurs after eating and during stress. It accompanies hyperthyroidism, diseases of the nervous system, adrenal glands, as well as diabetes mellitus. Severe hyperglycemia leads to impaired consciousness and coma. With a chronic increase in blood sugar levels, the retina, microvessels of the legs, kidneys suffer, infectious diseases join.

Treatment of impaired carbohydrate metabolism is possible only after determining which disease caused hypo- or hyperglycemia.

lipid metabolism

Violation of lipid metabolism occurs due to the pathology of their splitting, assimilation, deposition and metabolism. It can occur under the following conditions:

pancreatitis, in which enzymes are not produced to break down fats;
liver diseases (hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis), in which the formation of bile, which helps to absorb fats, is impaired;
small intestine damage and diarrhea;
hypovitaminosis A, B, C.

Manifestations of impaired fat metabolism in women:

hypovitaminosis of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with an appropriate clinic;
fatty acid deficiency, manifested by hair loss, skin inflammation, impaired fertility, in particular, anovulation;
malnutrition or obesity.

Increased reserves of fat in a woman's body are programmed by nature. This makes it easier to get pregnant and carry a baby. However, obesity leads to serious consequences: shortness of breath, increased pressure, destruction of joints, the development of diabetes and coronary heart disease. For women, the type of obesity "pear" is characteristic, when fat deposits are located on the lower part of the body, thighs and buttocks. This is caused by hormonal differences between men and women. Obesity in the form of an "apple" most often indicates serious problems in the female body.

Obesity in the form of a "pear" is more resistant to diet, but it is safer for the body than abdominal obesity "apple".

Obesity in the form of an "apple" is one of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Watch a video about it.

About the most important thing: metabolic syndrome, vacuum cleaner safety, watermelon

Protein metabolism

Manifestations of protein deficiency in the body mild degree may be minor. At medium degree protein deficiency in women, menstruation disappears, the skin becomes dry and cold, and diarrhea occurs. The nervous system suffers: patients become irritable, their memory suffers and efficiency decreases. Immunity weakens, pneumonia and urinary tract infections often join.

Reduced muscle and fat mass. Hair falls out, nails become thinner. If the patient is immobile, she may develop bedsores that quickly become infected. This is often the case in older women suffering from a hip fracture or stroke.

Blood pressure gradually decreases and the pulse becomes more rare. Edema and anemia occur. In severe cases, multiple organ failure occurs.

Treatment for protein deficiency includes balanced diet. In severe cases - intravenous administration amino acids, liquid mixtures through a probe. Be sure to use vitamins. If necessary, treatment of concomitant diseases is carried out.

Which doctor to contact

Metabolic disorders are diagnosed and treated by an endocrinologist. However, their manifestations are so diverse that, depending on the prevailing signs, a consultation with a gynecologist or dermatologist may be prescribed. neurologist. gastroenterologist and other specialized specialists.

myfamilydoctor.com
Metabolism is the main mechanism of life of the body.

Its violation leads to great disorders in the functionality of organs, and both heredity and various diseases become the causes.

Any organism exists due to the exchange of energy, the exchange between the chemical components of the organism and the external environment.

This process can be divided into two types:

assimilation, i.e. synthesis of new components and their assimilation;
dissimilation, i.e. breakdown and decomposition of useful substances.

The process involves proteins, fats, carbohydrates, all of which perform a specific function. Proteins are building material while carbohydrates and fats regulate energy balance.

All enzymes interact to improve cellular composition, but vitamins and minerals help them in this. The metabolism takes place on the molecular, cellular level or at the level of the whole organism. If the work of metabolism is harmonious and chemical processes are successful, then the cells are supplied with useful components and the body is healthy.

If the metabolism worsens, then the immune, nervous, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems fail. Violation of the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids or lysosomal abnormalities represent metabolic disorders.

Causes of metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorders are often associated with hereditary factor but may be the result of organic disease.

Causes of metabolic disorders:

problems with thyroid gland(see symptoms of thyroid disease);
pituitary gland (see pituitary adenoma);
dysfunction of the adrenal glands;
insufficient functioning of the sex glands;
lack of oxygen;
stress;
general starvation.

Improper nutrition is the main cause of metabolic disorders. Starvation or overeating, malnutrition leads to an imbalance between consumed and expended energy, the nervous system ceases to control and regulate metabolism. The tone of brain regions, mainly the hypothalamus, changes significantly. It is the hypothalamus that regulates the processes of fat accumulation and structure in the body, energy production. As a rule, metabolic disorders are associated with the fat component, and fats are not processed enough in the liver. The amount of cholesterol and lipoproteins in the blood increases (see reasons high cholesterol), leading to vascular damage. As a result, myocardial infarction or stroke can occur.

Due to the violation of fat metabolism, there are problems with immune system, and the body as a whole is weakened. To normalize the metabolic process, one should limit the intake of fats, mainly eat polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-3, included in the composition, olive, rapeseed and linseed oil.

Consuming a significant amount of saturated solid fats and omega-6 oils ( sunflower oil) disrupt the activation of the enzyme desaturase and produce harmful hormones, as well as prostaglandins. This subsequently leads to atherosclerosis, cancer, impaired blood circulation, allergies, diabetes and hypertension.

Of great importance in the metabolism is the lifestyle - nutrition, diet, emotional state and sleep, a tendency to stress, physical activity.

Symptoms of a metabolic disorder

Metabolic disorders in women and men are usually manifested by the following symptoms, which should alert you. Outwardly, the condition of the skin and complexion, the structure of nails and hair change, excess weight appears, or vice versa, there is a sharp weight loss.

Signs of metabolic disorders:

deterioration of the skin of the hands and face;
unhealthy skin color;
destruction of tooth enamel;
violation of the structure of hair and nails;
shortness of breath, sweating;
puffiness;
change in body weight;
stool disorder.

It is not recommended to independently resolve issues related to metabolism. A doctor's consultation and a complete diagnosis of the body will help to establish the true cause of the disorder of the metabolic process. Since metabolic disorders can cause many diseases, it is better to initial stage provide treatment and prevention.

Women want to be slim and often go on diets. Prolonged fasting and not enough balanced diet can cause metabolic disorders.

Metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorders impede the patency of blood vessels, as cholesterol and lipoproteins accumulate in them. As a result, vegetative-vascular diseases appear, and the work of the heart is disrupted.

Slag accumulates, i.e. free radicals that can provoke oncological diseases. Intoxication of the body due to metabolic disorders negatively affects the functioning of the liver, kidneys and intestines.

Delayed bowel movements can lead to chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory processes intestines and bile ducts. Obesity, gout, bone and muscle damage are often the consequences of metabolic disorders.

Diseases associated with metabolic disorders - phenylketonuria (mental retardation), albinism (insufficient formation of melanin), alkaptonuria, hypercholesterolemia (excess cholesterol).

Treatment of metabolic disorders

For the treatment of metabolic disorders, first of all, doctors focus on the normalization of nutrition, activation and increase in physical activity.

Oxygen is required to stabilize the patient's condition, since it activates metabolic processes in tissues. To improve salt and water metabolism, it is recommended to use vitamins and minerals.

This is especially important for the elderly, as cells age and lose their ability to absorb nutrients. Periodic cleansing of the body helps to improve the functioning of internal organs. Possible fasting days with a fruit or protein diet.

Mandatory content in the diet of foods rich in fiber, animal fats and protein foods. Recommend to use fresh fruits and vegetables, sea fish, veal, cod liver, egg yolk and dairy products. Proper nutrition, calculated in calories - The best decision prevention of obesity and metabolic disorders. Recovery from diseases associated with metabolism includes not only the selection of a diet and proper nutrition, but is also based on hormone therapy. Diagnosis allows you to establish the cause of metabolic disorders, and treatment is aimed at eliminating this cause, i.e. organic disease.

Consequences

If you do not pay attention to the treatment of metabolic disorders, then there are serious illnesses. Insulin production is impaired and diabetes mellitus may develop.

As a result of the accumulation of cholesterol, blood vessels become fragile, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke increases. Obesity, as a result of metabolic disorders, leads to infertility in women and a decrease in potency in men, diseases of the nervous system, organs of internal secretion and the digestive system. The structure of the nails changes, hair falls out, the skin quickly fades.

Metabolism is an important mechanism for the functioning of the body, so its normalization improves the general and psycho-emotional state of the body.

Which doctor should I contact for treatment?

If, after reading the article, you assume that you have symptoms characteristic of this disease, then you should seek the advice of a therapist.

MyMedicalportal.net

Everything in the body must work smoothly and clearly. However, it happens that some organs fail. In this article I would like to talk about what are the causes and signs of metabolic disorders.

What is metabolism

At the very beginning, you need to understand the concepts that will be used in the article. So what is metabolism? First of all, it is necessary to clarify that another name for this process is metabolism. At its core, it is a set of various kinds chemical reactions, the main objective which is to keep the body alive. Other goals and objectives of metabolism:

These processes are focused on converting food that has entered the body into valuable calories.
The next goal flows smoothly from the previous one. Metabolism also "monitors" the consumption of converted calories.
Metabolism synthesizes necessary for the body hormones and enzymes.
Also, these processes are responsible for the removal of decay products.

Metabolism is a process that needs to be considered not only on the example of activity individual bodies or systems, but also at the cellular level.

main reason

If a person has a metabolic disorder, the reasons for this can be very different. So, first of all, doctors will trace the patient's heredity. After all, this is what most often leads to the presence of these problems in the patient. However, it should be said that the causes of metabolism have not yet been fully understood and research in this area of medical science is still being actively conducted.

Other reasons

If we talk about such a problem as metabolic disorders, the reasons for this may also be the following:

Dysfunctions various bodies(pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, thyroid gland).
Improper lifestyle (inactivity, drinking alcohol, improper diet - starvation or excessive food intake).
Metabolic disorders can provoke certain diseases, as well as stressful situations, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances.

About violations

What are the signs of metabolic disorders? It is worth saying that with such problems you need to contact an endocrinologist. For example, you can go to the Institute of Endocrinology, where you can get qualified advice and assistance. Only specialists will be able to determine what kind of violations occur in the patient. These can be carbohydrate, protein, fat, mineral and other disorders. What will we be talking about if we are talking about metabolic disorders? The harmonious interaction of the most important substances that are involved in metabolism is disrupted. What problems can arise in this case?

Excess or lack of substances.
Various digestive disorders.
Accumulation of intermediate metabolic products.
Unequal formation of end products of metabolism.

Violation of protein metabolism

Everyone knows that protein is the most important building material. human body. Various diseases and pathologies can cause problems with impaired protein metabolism. What will the person feel in this case? The situation is automatically divided into two broad categories.

Excess protein

What is the most main symptom metabolic disorders, if there are problems with excess protein? A person will definitely feel a decrease in appetite. Other symptoms:

Various bowel dysfunctions. It can be both diarrhea and constipation.
Kidney pathologies, including renal failure, may develop.
With an excess of protein, the human nervous system is in constant voltage. Nervous breakdowns are possible.
Salts may be deposited in the tissues of the patient.
A significant increase in plasma protein is also possible.

Diseases caused by excess protein: arthritis, osteoporosis, fatty degeneration liver, gout and obesity.

protein deficiency

What will a person who does not have an excess, but a deficiency of such an important trace element as protein, feel?

Weakness, drowsiness.
Muscle weakness, hypotension.
Fragility of nails, hair, deterioration of the skin.
Weight loss (possible weight loss to the state of dystrophy).
Also, with a protein deficiency, human performance will be reduced.
Frequent infectious diseases as well as immunodeficiency.

Protein metabolic disorder in children also has certain symptoms. With a protein deficiency in children, there may be:

Lag in physical development.
Backlog in mental development(decrease in cognitive functions, intellectual abilities).

Diseases that occur with protein deficiency: kwashiorkor (main symptoms: swelling, weakness, weight loss) and alimentary dystrophy(also lack of weight and swelling, but also various kinds of immunodeficiency states).

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders

What are carbohydrates in the body? Their main task is the nutrition of brain cells and the implementation of energy functions. It is these elements that compensate for the loss of strength and energy in stressful situations or emotional stress. It is also worth mentioning that the problems with carbohydrate disorder substances accompany the patient most often for life.

Excess Carbohydrates

The main symptom of metabolic disorders with problems with carbohydrates is fluctuations in body weight. With an excess of carbohydrates, it can increase significantly, with a deficiency, it can decrease. Other indicators:

Trembling in the body that occurs involuntarily.
Hyperactivity.
Hypertension (most often occurs against the background of a significant increase in body weight).
An increase in blood glucose levels.
Cardiovascular pathologies (most often also occur against the background of obesity).

Diseases that can occur due to excess carbohydrates: obesity and diabetes.

carbohydrate deficiency

The main symptoms that can occur due to a carbohydrate deficiency are:

Depression.
Drowsiness, weakness.
Loss of body weight.
Tremor of the legs and arms.
Decreased blood glucose levels.

Diseases: hypoglycemia and Gierke's disease.

Violation of fat metabolism

Fats are an equally important element of the human body. It is thanks to fats that the body maintains internal homeostasis. Adipose tissue is found in hormones and nerve fibers.

An important symptom of a metabolic disorder with a problem with fats is again changes in body weight. If we talk about excess fat in the body, a person is often diagnosed with obesity. Other symptoms:

Atherosclerosis.
Formation of stones in the gallbladder and liver.
Blood problems: increased clotting, excess cholesterol in the blood.

If we talk about the deficiency of fats in the body, the following symptoms can be observed:

Hypovitaminosis.
Deficiency in body weight.
Hair loss.
Skin inflammation.
Hormonal imbalance.
Pathology of the kidneys.

Violation of water exchange

What is another symptom of a metabolic disorder? So, if it is violated water exchange, a person may have swelling, dropsy, often a state of shock occurs (if we are talking about excess water in the body). Loss of electrolytes, disruption of the central nervous system, kidney disease - if we talk about the lack of water in the body.

Violation of mineral metabolism

Minerals are biocatalysts of multiple physiological reactions, as well as stabilizers of the acid state of the body. Most often, various kinds of stressful situations, an unfavorable environment, a too fast pace of life (especially for residents of a metropolis) lead to mineral metabolic disorders, bad habits, nervousness and, of course, malnutrition. If we consider endocrine disorders, symptoms of problems with mineral metabolism can be as follows:

External indicators: brittle nails, acne, hair loss.
Insomnia.
Decreased immunity.
Visual impairment.
Chair disorders.
Decreased libido.

Children

Separately, it is also necessary to consider metabolic disorders in children. It is worth saying that such problems can occur in babies even at a very early age. In this case, it is customary to talk about a disease that is called " exudative diathesis". Main symptoms:

Red spots that appear on the body of the baby. They may itch and get wet. Looks like a nettle burn. Pustules may also appear.
Inflammation of the child's eyes, runny nose (there are problems with the mucous membranes).

To cope with metabolic problems in children of any age, it is enough just to establish proper nutrition. If we are talking about babies, a nursing mother should correct her diet.

About the types of metabolism

Each person should know what kind of metabolism he has. So, there are three of them:

Normal.
Accelerated (or fast metabolism).
economical metabolism.

With a normal metabolism, people should monitor their diet, because an excess of food can lead to various kinds of problems. If a person has a fast metabolism, then he can eat everything and a lot. And all this is permissible because in their body fats burn faster than they accumulate. Those who have an economical mode of metabolism, as they say, "get fat from water." Such people should carefully monitor their diet, not allowing themselves anything superfluous. However, how can you know what kind of metabolism a person has? There are two ways.

Conduct biochemical research organism. Disadvantage: the high cost of the procedure.
Do a little experiment.

About the experiment

In order to find out exactly what type of metabolism is present in a person, it is not necessary to visit the Institute of Endocrinology. In this case, you can use the proven method. To do this, you need to get up in the morning (preferably on Sunday), do everything hygiene procedures. After going to the kitchen, you need to warm up and quickly eat 300 g of porridge. Then you have to wait a couple of minutes.

At accelerated metabolism sweat will come out.
If it becomes warm, the metabolism is normal.
If a person does not feel or feel anything at all, he has an economical type of metabolism.

Prevention

Prevention of metabolic disorders is a great way to avoid metabolic problems. What will be relevant in this case:

Proper balanced nutrition. It is necessary to give up starchy, fatty, sweet foods to the maximum. Don't overeat or starve. You also need to make sure that the body in full consumed all vitamins and microelements.
The body must properly rest (uninterrupted 7-hour sleep is important).
You should try to avoid stressful situations and emotional overload.
You need to completely get rid of all bad habits.
It is also advisable to avoid adverse factors external environment.

IN this case prevention is also important. endocrine diseases. Particular attention should be paid preventive measures diabetes and hypoglycemia (carbohydrate imbalance).

Treatment

So, we found out what a metabolic disorder (symptoms) is. The treatment of this problem is what I also want to talk about. You can cope with metabolic disorders with the help of various kinds of medications.

Stimulants containing caffeine and theine (most often taken by athletes).
Hormonal drugs, as well as medicines that treat endocrine disorders.
Drugs based on antidepressants.
various kinds of extracts. For example, guarana extract, which normalizes cellular metabolism and accelerates lipid metabolism.

ethnoscience

Important: if a person has certain metabolic problems, in this case it is best to seek help from qualified specialist. IN otherwise can be harmful to your health. However, if it is not possible to contact doctors, you can try to cope with problems with traditional medicine:

To restore metabolism, you can prepare an infusion of walnut leaves. To prepare the medicine, you need to take two teaspoons of dried leaves, pour one glass of boiling water and leave everything for about an hour. The decoction should be taken 4 times a day for half a cup before meals.
You can drink tea from horsetail(sold in a pharmacy). IN medicinal purposes- three times a day for a quarter cup. It will help not only to adjust the metabolism, but also cleanse the body.
And to speed up the metabolism, just visit the sauna or bath regularly. However, you first need to make sure that there are no other contraindications to their visit.