Disorders of fat metabolism symptoms. Medications that lead to pathological changes in lipid metabolism. Lipodystrophies and lipidoses

A number of diseases are caused lipid metabolism disorder. The most important among them are atherosclerosis and obesity. Diseases of cardio-vascular system, as a consequence of atherosclerosis, occupy first place in the structure of mortality in the world. One of the most common manifestations of atherosclerosis is damage coronary vessels hearts. The accumulation of cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. They, increasing in size over time, can block the lumen of the vessel and interfere with normal blood flow. If, as a result, blood flow is disrupted in the coronary arteries, then angina or myocardial infarction. Predisposition to atherosclerosis depends on the concentration of transport forms of blood lipids - plasma alpha-lipoproteins.

What diseases cause lipid metabolism disorders?

1. Firstly, these are changes in LDL particles (glycosylation, lipid peroxidation, phospholipid hydrolysis, apo B oxidation). Therefore, they are captured by special cells - “scavengers” (mainly macrophages). The uptake of lipoprotein particles by “garbage” receptors proceeds uncontrollably. Unlike apo B/E-mediated endocytosis, this does not cause regulatory effects aimed at reducing the entry of cholesterol into the cell, described above. As a result, macrophages become overloaded with lipids, lose their waste absorption function, and turn into foam cells. The latter are retained in the wall blood vessels and begin to secrete growth factors that accelerate cell division. Atherosclerotic cell proliferation occurs.

2. Secondly, it is the ineffective release of cholesterol from the endothelium vascular wall HDL circulating in the blood.

Factors influencing increased LDL level in humans

Gender - higher in men than in premenopausal women and lower than in postmenopausal women
- Aging
- Saturated fats in diet
- High cholesterol intake
- Diet low in coarse fiber foods
- Alcohol consumption
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Hypothyroidism
- Cushing's disease
- Uremia
- Nephrosis
- Hereditary hyperlipidemia

Lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia), characterized primarily by increased content cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood are the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis and related diseases of the cardiovascular system. Plasma concentration total cholesterol(CS) or its fractions, closely correlates with morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease and other complications of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the characteristics of lipid metabolism disorders are prerequisite effective prevention cardiovascular diseases.

Lipid metabolism disorders can be primary or secondary and are characterized only by an increase in cholesterol (isolated hypercholesterolemia), triglycerides (isolated hypertriglyceridemia), triglycerides and cholesterol (mixed hyperlipidemia).

The primary disorder of lipid metabolism is determined by single or multiple mutations of the corresponding genes, as a result of which there is overproduction or impaired utilization of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol or overproduction and impairment of HDL clearance.

Primary lipid metabolism disorder can be diagnosed in patients with clinical symptoms these violations, with early start atherosclerosis (up to 60 years), in persons with a family history of atherosclerosis or with an increase in serum cholesterol > 240 mg/dL (> 6.2 mmol/L).

Secondary lipid metabolism disorder occurs, as a rule, in the population developed countries as a result sedentary lifestyle life, consumption of food containing a large number of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids.

Other causes of secondary lipid metabolism disorders may be:
1. Diabetes mellitus.
2. Alcohol abuse.
3. Chronic renal failure.
4. Hyperthyroidism.
5. Primary biliary cirrhosis.
6. Taking certain medications (beta blockers, antiretroviral drugs, estrogens, progestins, glucocorticoids).

Hereditary disorders of lipid metabolism:

A small number of people have hereditary disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, manifested in hyper- or hypolipoproteinemia. They are caused by a violation of the synthesis, transport or breakdown of lipoproteins.

In accordance with the generally accepted classification, there are 5 types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

1. The existence of type 1 is due to insufficient LPL activity. As a result, chylomicrons are removed from the bloodstream very slowly. They accumulate in the blood, and VLDL levels are also higher than normal.
2. Type 2 hyperlipoproteinemia is divided into two subtypes: 2a, characterized by a high content of blood LDL, and 2b (increase in LDL and VLDL). Type 2 hyperlipoproteinemia is manifested by high, and in some cases very high, hypercholesterolemia with the development of atherosclerosis and coronary disease hearts. The content of triacylglycerols in the blood is within normal limits (type 2a) or moderately increased (type 2b). Hyperlipoproteinemia type 2 is characteristic of serious illness- hereditary hypercholesterolemia affecting young people. In the case of the homozygous form it ends fatal V at a young age from myocardial infarction, strokes and other complications of atherosclerosis. Hyperlipoproteinemia type 2 is widespread.
3. With type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia), the conversion of VLDL to LDL is impaired, and pathological floating LDL or VLDL appears in the blood. The content of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in the blood is increased. This type is quite rare.
4. With type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia, the main change is an increase in VLDL. As a result, the content of triacylglycerols in the blood serum is significantly increased. Combined with atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, obesity, diabetes mellitus. It develops mainly in adults and is very common.
5. Type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia – an increase in the blood serum content of cholesterol and VLDL, associated with a moderately reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase. LDL and HDL concentrations are below normal. The content of triacylglycerols in the blood is increased, while the concentration of cholesterol is within normal limits or moderately increased. It occurs in adults, but is not widespread.
Typing of hyperlipoproteinemia is carried out in the laboratory based on the study of the content of various classes of lipoproteins in the blood using photometric methods.

The cholesterol level in HDL is more informative as a predictor of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary vessels. Even more informative is the coefficient reflecting the ratio of atherogenic to antiatherogenic drugs.

The higher this coefficient, the greater the risk of the onset and progression of the disease. In healthy individuals, it does not exceed 3-3.5 (in men it is higher than in women). In patients with coronary artery disease, it reaches 5-6 or more units.

Is diabetes a disease of lipid metabolism?

The manifestations of lipid metabolism disorders are so pronounced in diabetes that diabetes is often called more of a disease lipid than carbohydrate metabolism. The main disorders of lipid metabolism in diabetes are increased lipid breakdown, increased formation of ketone bodies and decreased synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols.

U healthy person usually 50% of incoming glucose is broken down by CO2 and H2O; about 5% is converted to glycogen, and the rest is converted to lipids in fat stores. In diabetes, only 5% of glucose is converted into lipids, while the amount of glucose decomposed into CO2 and H2O also decreases, and the amount converted into glycogen changes slightly. The result of impaired glucose consumption is an increase in the level of glucose in the blood and its removal in the urine. Intracellular glucose deficiency leads to a decrease in the synthesis of fatty acids.

In patients not receiving treatment, there is an increase in the plasma content of triacylglycerols and chylomicrons and the plasma is often lipemic. An increase in the level of these components causes a decrease in lipolysis in fat depots. Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity further contributes to decreased lipolysis.

Lipid peroxidation

A feature of cell membrane lipids is their significant unsaturation. Unsaturated fatty acid are easily subject to peroxide destruction - LPO (lipid peroxidation). The membrane response to damage is therefore called “peroxide stress”.

LPO is based on the free radical mechanism.
Free radical pathology is smoking, cancer, ischemia, hyperoxia, aging, diabetes, i.e. In almost all diseases, uncontrolled formation of free oxygen radicals and intensification of lipid peroxidation occurs.
The cell has systems to protect itself from free radical damage. The antioxidant system of cells and tissues of the body includes 2 links: enzymatic and non-enzymatic.

Enzymatic antioxidants:
- SOD (superoxide dismutase) and ceruloplasmin, involved in the neutralization of oxygen free radicals;
- catalase, which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; the glutathione system, which ensures the catabolism of lipid peroxides, peroxide-modified nucleotides and steroids.
Even a short-term lack of non-enzymatic antioxidants, especially antioxidant vitamins (tocopherol, retinol, ascorbate), leads to persistent and irreversible damage to cell membranes.

Which doctors should I contact if a lipid metabolism disorder occurs?

Fat metabolism is a set of processes of digestion and absorption of neutral fats, as well as their breakdown products in the gastrointestinal tract. Also responsible for the intermediate metabolism of fats and fatty acids and their removal from the body. Lipids that are part of plants and animal tissues are an important component of lipid metabolism in the body. Every day, about 70 g of fat enters the adult body with food. Lipid metabolism disorders are a factor in the development of many diseases. Partial breakdown of fats occurs in the stomach, but the main processes take place in the upper sections small intestine using pancreatic lipase. Regulation fat metabolism carried out by the hypothalamus, which comes into action already at the stage of breakdown of fats in the stomach. Neurohormonal influences on fat metabolism are associated with the process of mobilization of fatty acids from fat depots. During emotional stress, the level of free fatty acids in the blood increases, which leads to an increase in the release of catecholamines into the blood and activation of lipolysis. By activating or inhibiting lipolysis, the effect on fat metabolism is achieved.

Causes of fat metabolism disorders

Possible causes of impaired fat metabolism and incomplete breakdown of fats:

Pancreatic lipase deficiency;

decreased bile secretion;

dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium;

pancreatitis;

• vagotomy;

  Whipple's disease;

  radiation sickness.

As a result of malabsorption, a large amount of fatty acids appears in the feces, which leads to steatorrhea. The body also stops receiving the required amount. fat-soluble vitamins. Blood plasma has a milky color due to the high content of chylomicrons. Treatment of pathology involves replacing natural fats with synthetic ones. Synthetic fatty acids are absorbed from the intestines directly into the blood. At decreased activity lipoprotein lipases accumulate low-density lipoproteins in the blood. In this case, patients are given heparin intravenously and are also prescribed a diet low in fat and carbohydrates.

Causes of excess weight

In middle-aged and elderly people, it can occur in adipose tissue excess accumulation fat The reason is high-calorie foods combined with low energy costs. Overeating leads to obesity.

Excessive fat deposition can occur during the transition from an active to a sedentary lifestyle. At the same time, the outrageousness of the food center remains at the same level. The same appetite appears, but energy consumption is correspondingly reduced.

Morbid obesity is associated with the following factors:

decreased activity of adipose tissue;

increased conversion of carbohydrates to fats;

increased excitability food center;

decreased muscle activity.

Decreased fat mobilization also occurs with decreased function thyroid gland and pituitary gland, since their hormones activate lipolysis. Reduced function gonads also leads to excess fat deposition. The main factor in the development of hereditary constitutional obesity is insulin hypersecretion.

The most noticeable sign of obesity is an increase in the volume of subcutaneous fat. At high intensity this process obesity can be considered independent disease. It is important to know that overweight people:

• poorly tolerated physical exercise;
• suffer from shortness of breath;
• increased appetite;
• have high blood pressure.

Obesity also increases the risk of developing diabetes. Also, with an increase in the content of lipids in the body, their content in the blood also increases. This leads to hyperlidemia. “Blood obesity” is very dangerous, since over time atherosclerosis plaques form, which clog blood vessels. As a result, the patient will suffer a heart attack or stroke.

Exhaustion and ketosis

Exhaustion with insufficient fat deposition in tissues, it develops when the excitability of the food center is inhibited, with reduced absorption of fats and carbohydrates (enteritis), and with prolonged fasting. Disturbances in the formation of fat from carbohydrates can be observed with lesions of the autonomic centers of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, as well as the adrenal cortex. Such disorders underlie progressive wasting in pituitary cachexia and Addison's disease. Cachexia- extreme exhaustion organism, which is characterized by:

• General weakness;
• sharp decline weight;
• activity physiological processes;
• mental disorders.

The symptoms of cachexia are severe severe weakness, loss of ability to work, sudden weight loss, often accompanied by signs of dehydration. Reduction of body weight up to 50% during the development of the disease.

The accumulation of fats in liver cells is a reaction to diseases and damage to the organ. Fatty infiltration of the liver is also observed with diabetes mellitus, protein deficiency, alcohol poisoning, obesity. Ketosis- increased formation and accumulation of ketone bodies in tissues and blood. In a state of ketosis, the body can function for a long time. For example, residents of the north eat animal food and fish throughout their lives without harming their health. But for the fans of other territories globe the predominance of animal food in the diet is not typical historically. Therefore, a low-carbohydrate diet and introducing the body into a state of ketosis can negatively affect health, causing pathological changes in metabolism.

Prevention and treatment

Treatment of fat metabolism disorders involves completely eliminating the physical causes of the disorder and adjusting the body to proper metabolism. It is also mandatory diet. If you are obese, you need to limit yourself to fatty and sweet foods, and if you are exhausted, you should gradually introduce foods high in fats and carbohydrates into your body. A nutritionist will be able to prescribe an adequate diet and also recommend additional prevention. Helps with obesity sports training, physical activity restores the balance of lipids in the blood. Sport also has a positive effect on metabolism.

It is possible to cope with fat metabolism disorders in three to four months. In case of serious disorders, it is better to seek help from an endocrinologist who can select a long-term form of treatment. The best prevention Fat metabolism disorders are caused by diet and selective training. Preventive examination a nutritionist will help identify possible problems with metabolism in the body. The specialist will prescribe necessary tests and select an individual diet to restore fat metabolism in the body. The patient can only monitor the diet and listen to all the doctor’s recommendations.

There are contraindications, consult your doctor.

Molecules of fats (lipids) are found in the structure of various formations of our body. They are part of cells and are the basis for the formation of many substances (sex hormones, bile acids, etc.), circulate in the blood and, of course, are stored as an energy source in subcutaneous fatty tissue. They are constantly moving, accumulating, being consumed and undergoing chemical transformations, which is necessary to ensure life. All these changes as a whole are called fat metabolism. Some of its processes occur independently, and a number of them “intersect” with the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, etc. In some cases, fat metabolism may be disrupted, which leads to the development certain symptoms and diseases.

Causes of fat metabolism disorders

In most cases, the disorder occurs for the reason discussed above, but there are many diseases that themselves cause a disorder in fat metabolism. Mostly these diseases are hormonal. Diseases of the pituitary gland (for example, tumors with increased production of the hormone prolactin), pathology of the adrenal glands with increased function of the cortex (decreased secretion of thyroid hormones), suppression of the gonads - all this and much more affects the state of weight and well-being. Even some quite ordinary diseases, such as pancreatitis or cholecystitis, can have Negative influence and provoke a violation.

Symptoms and complications

The main thing is considered to be the most noticeable sign of the disorder - an increase in the volume of subcutaneous fatty tissue, the main fat depot in the body. If the accumulation processes occur too intensely, this condition is called obesity and is considered an independent disease, since it itself is the cause of a number of symptoms. People with increased weight do not tolerate stress well, their physical abilities, they suffer from shortness of breath, and due to the accumulation of fat between the organs of the neck, they often snore. Another sign, which, by the way, often complicates the treatment of obesity, can be considered increased hunger: overgrown adipose tissue, like everyone else, requires food for itself.

Excess weight is not only unpleasant externally and subjectively, but also dangerous in terms of consequences: in obese patients, blood pressure increases more often, heart disease develops faster, with more likely obstructive syndrome is formed sleep apnea(sleep apnea disease), infertility, diabetes.

Unfortunately, fat accumulation does not only occur where it is intended to be stored. With an increase in the total lipid content in the body, their content in the blood also increases. This results in hyperlipidemia, in which blood tests reveal abnormal increases in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins.

“Fat blood” is as dangerous as the accumulation of fat under the skin. At high content lipids in the blood, their molecules begin to more actively penetrate inside the walls of the arteries and are deposited there in the form of deposits, giving rise to plaques of atherosclerosis. Over time, these plaques grow, gradually blocking the lumen of the blood vessels, and sometimes they are damaged and form blood clots in the arteries, which completely stop blood flow. The result is heart attacks and strokes; this is why patients with nutritional (that is, caused by overeating) obesity are often said to be digging their own grave with a spoon...

Treatment

Treatment of fat metabolism disorders is carried out in several directions.

First - This is the elimination of the physical causes of the disorder. If the disorder is caused by an endocrine or other pathology, the most important thing is to eliminate it in order to stop the influence of the active factor and.

Second , a mandatory item is . In order to quickly lose what you have accumulated, you will have to quite strictly limit yourself to fatty and sweet foods.

Third – , to the extent that it is permitted by the doctor and is tolerable. Sport not only helps to get rid of excess weight and stabilize the content of lipids in the blood, but also has a positive effect on metabolism as a whole, contributing to the systemic healing of the body.

And finally, fourth – additional procedures or reception special drugs to accelerate the stabilization of fat metabolism. , massages, dietary supplements, appetite suppressants, drugs to normalize blood lipid composition - the need to use the above and others additional ways must be determined by a specialist.

Normalizing impaired fat metabolism is not always the case simple task. If a person's goal is to fight overweight with nutritional obesity, one might say, he is lucky: he can cope with the problem on his own, within a period of several months to 1-2 years. In the same case when the disorder is caused serious illness, it is better to contact an endocrinologist who can offer the patient the highest quality, effective, safe and individually selected treatment regimen.

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Constant turmoil, dry food, passion for semi-finished products - characteristic modern society. As a rule, an unhealthy lifestyle leads to weight gain. In such cases, doctors often state that a person’s lipid metabolism is disturbed. Of course, many people do not have such specific knowledge and have no idea what lipid metabolism is.

What are lipids?

Meanwhile, lipids are present in every living cell. These biological molecules, which are organic substances, have in common physical property– insolubility in water (hydrophobicity). Lipids are made up of various chemical substances, but most of them are fats. Human body It is so wisely designed that it is able to synthesize most of the fats on its own. But essential fatty acids (for example, linoleic acid) must enter the body from the outside with food. Lipid metabolism occurs at cellular level. This is a rather complex physiological and biochemical process, consisting of several stages. First, lipids are broken down, then absorbed, after which intermediate and final exchange occurs.

Split

In order for the body to absorb lipids, they must first be broken down. First, food that contains lipids enters the oral cavity. There it is moistened with saliva, mixed, crushed and forms a food mass. This mass enters the esophagus, and from there into the stomach, where it is saturated with gastric juice. In turn, the pancreas produces lipase, a lipolytic enzyme that is capable of breaking down emulsified fats (that is, fats mixed with a liquid medium). Then the semi-liquid food mass enters the duodenum, then the ileum and jejunum, where the splitting process ends. Thus, pancreatic juice, bile and gastric juice are involved in the breakdown of lipids.

Suction

After splitting, the process of lipid absorption begins, which mainly occurs in the upper part of the small intestine and the lower part duodenum. There are no lipolytic enzymes in the large intestine. The products formed after the breakdown of lipids are glycerophosphates, glycerol, higher fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, cholesterol, nitrogenous compounds, phosphoric acid, higher alcohols and fine particles fat All these substances are absorbed by the epithelium of the intestinal villi.

Intermediate and final exchange

Intermediate metabolism is a combination of several very complex biochemical processes, among which it is worth highlighting the conversion of triglycerides into higher fatty acids and glycerol. The final stage of intermediate metabolism is the metabolism of glycerol, the oxidation of fatty acids and the biological synthesis of other lipids.

At the last stage of metabolism, each group of lipids has its own specificity, but the main products of final metabolism are water and carbon dioxide. Water leaves the body naturally, through sweat and urine, and carbon dioxide through the lungs when exhaling air. This completes the process of lipid metabolism.

Lipid metabolism disorder

Any disorder in the process of fat absorption indicates a disorder in lipid metabolism. This may be due to insufficient intake of pancreatic lipase or bile into the intestines, as well as hypovitaminosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, various diseases gastrointestinal tract and others pathological conditions. When the villous epithelial tissue in the intestine is damaged, fatty acids are no longer fully absorbed. As a result, in stool A large amount of undigested fat accumulates. The stool takes on a characteristic whitish-gray color.

Of course, with the help of diet and medicines, lowering cholesterol levels, you can correct and improve the process of lipid metabolism. You will need to regularly monitor the concentration of triglycerides in your blood. However, it should be remembered that the human body has enough a small amount of fat To prevent lipid metabolism disorders, you should reduce the consumption of meat, oil, offal and give preference to fish and seafood. Lead active image life, move more, adjust your weight. Be healthy!

It's time to move on to fine-tuning the athlete's nutrition. Understanding all the nuances of metabolism is the key to athletic achievements. Fine-tuning will allow you to move away from classic dietary formulas and adjust nutrition individually to your own needs, achieving the fastest and most lasting results in training and competitions. So, let's study the most controversial aspect of modern dietetics - fat metabolism.

General information

Scientific fact: fats are absorbed and broken down in our body very selectively. So, in digestive tract humans simply do not have enzymes capable of digesting trans fats. The liver infiltrate simply seeks to remove them from the body the shortest route. Perhaps everyone knows that if you eat a lot fatty foods, it causes nausea.

Constant excess fat leads to consequences such as:

• diarrhea;
• indigestion;
• pancreatitis;
• rashes on the face;
• apathy, weakness and fatigue;
• the so-called “fat hangover”.

On the other hand, the balance of fatty acids in the body is extremely important to achieve sports results- in particular in terms of increasing endurance and strength. In the process of lipid metabolism, regulation of all body systems occurs, including hormonal and genetic ones.

Let's take a closer look at what fats are good for our body, and how to consume them so that they help achieve the desired result.

Types of fats

The main types of fatty acids entering our body:

• simple;
• complex;
• arbitrary.

According to another classification, fats are divided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (for example, here in detail) fatty acids. These are healthy fats for humans. There are also saturated fatty acids, as well as trans fats: these are harmful compounds that interfere with the absorption of essential fatty acids, complicate the transport of amino acids, and stimulate catabolic processes. In other words, neither athletes nor ordinary people need such fats.

Simple

First, let's look at the most dangerous but, at the same time, – The most common fats that enter our body are simple fatty acids.

What is their peculiarity: they disintegrate under the influence of any external acid, including gastric juice, into ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids.

In addition, it is these fats that become a source of cheap energy in the body. They are formed as a result of the conversion of carbohydrates in the liver. This process develops in two directions - either towards the synthesis of glycogen, or towards the growth of adipose tissue. Such tissue consists almost entirely of oxidized glucose, so that critical situation the body could quickly synthesize energy from it.

Simple fats are the most dangerous for an athlete:

1. The simple structure of fats practically does not burden the gastrointestinal tract and hormonal system. As a result, a person easily receives an excess caloric load, which leads to excess weight gain.
2. When they decay, alcohol, which is poisonous to the body, is released, which is difficult to metabolize and leads to a deterioration in overall health.
3. They are transported without the help of additional transport proteins, which means they can stick to the walls of blood vessels, which is fraught with the formation cholesterol plaques.

Read more about foods that are metabolized in simple fats, read in the Product Table section.

Complex

Complex fats of animal origin proper nutrition are included in the composition muscle tissue. Unlike their predecessors, these are multimolecular compounds.

Let us list the main features of complex fats in terms of their effect on the athlete’s body:

• Complex fats are practically not metabolized without the help of free transport proteins.
• At correct observance fat balance in the body, complex fats are metabolized to release healthy cholesterol.
• They are practically not deposited in the form of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels.
• With complex fats, it is impossible to get an excess of calories - if complex fats are metabolized in the body without insulin opening the transport depot, which causes a decrease in blood glucose.
• Complex fats burden liver cells, which can lead to intestinal imbalance and dysbiosis.
• The process of breaking down complex fats leads to an increase in acidity, which negatively affects general condition Gastrointestinal tract and is fraught with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcers.

At the same time, fatty acids with a multimolecular structure contain radicals bound by lipid bonds, which means they can denature to the state of free radicals under the influence of temperature. IN moderate amount Complex fats are good for an athlete, but they should not be subjected to heat treatment. In this case, they are metabolized into simple fats with the release huge amount free radicals (potential carcinogens).

free

Free fats are fats with a hybrid structure. For an athlete, these are the most beneficial fats.

In most cases, the body is able to independently convert complex fats into arbitrary fats. However, during the lipid change process, the formula releases alcohols and free radicals.

Consumption of arbitrary fats:

• reduces the likelihood of free radical formation;
• reduces the likelihood of cholesterol plaques;
• has a positive effect on the synthesis of beneficial hormones;
• practically does not burden the digestive system;
• does not lead to excess calories;
• do not cause an influx of additional acid.

Despite the many useful properties, polyunsaturated acids(in fact, these are arbitrary fats) are easily metabolized into simple fats, and complex structures that have a lack of molecules are easily metabolized into free radicals, obtaining a complete structure from glucose molecules.

What does an athlete need to know?

Now let’s move on to what an athlete needs to know about lipid metabolism in the body from the entire biochemistry course:

Paragraph 1. Classic nutrition, not adapted for sports needs, contains many simple fatty acid molecules. This is bad. Conclusion: radically reduce your fatty acid intake and stop frying in oil.

Point 2. Under influence heat treatment polyunsaturated acids break down into simple fats. Conclusion: replace fried food on baked. The main source of fats should be vegetable oils- Dress salads with them.

Point 3. Avoid eating fatty acids with carbohydrates. Under the influence of insulin, fats have virtually no effect transport proteins in their completed structure they enter the lipid depot. In the future, even during fat burning processes, they will release ethyl alcohol, and this is an additional blow to metabolism.

And now about the benefits of fats:

• Fats must be consumed, as they lubricate joints and ligaments.
• In the process of fat metabolism, the synthesis of basic hormones occurs.
• To create a positive anabolic background, you need to maintain a balance of polyunsaturated omega 3, omega 6 and omega 9 fats in the body.

To achieve the right balance, you need to limit your total calorie intake from fat to 20% of your total fat intake. overall plan nutrition. It is important to take them in combination with protein foods, and not carbohydrates. In this case, transport agents that will be synthesized in an acidic environment gastric juice, will be able to almost immediately metabolize excess fat, removing it from circulatory system and digesting to the final product of the body's vital activity.

Product table

Bottom line

So, the recommendation of all times and peoples to “eat less fat” is only partly true. Some fatty acids are simply irreplaceable and must be included in an athlete’s diet. To correctly understand how an athlete should consume fats, here is the following story:

A young athlete approaches the coach and asks: how to eat fats correctly? The coach answers: don’t eat fat. After this, the athlete understands that fats are harmful to the body and learns to plan his meals without lipids. He then finds loopholes where the use of lipids is justified. He is learning to compose perfect plan nutrition with variable fats. And when he himself becomes a coach, and a young athlete comes up to him and asks how to eat fats correctly, he also answers: don’t eat fats.