Optimal age for a woman to give birth to a healthy baby

Childbearing age is the period in a woman’s life when she is able to conceive and give birth to a child. The time during which a man's body is able to produce sperm is called the reproductive age of a man.

Childbearing (reproductive) age is an important point in pregnancy planning and pregnancy.

Woman's childbearing age

The optimal childbearing age for a woman is considered to be from 20 to 35 years. It is recommended to give birth to your first child before the age of 25-27. This takes into account the natural ability of the female body to conceive, bear a fetus and give birth to a child. In addition, this age is characterized by sufficient social and psychological maturity.

Early pregnancy

Pregnancy at an early age is very often fraught adverse consequences. At the same time, than younger woman, the higher the risk of bleeding.

Early motherhood is dangerous for both the young mother and the child. Babies are often born with low body weight, gain weight poorly and adapt less well to external conditions.

Of course, every woman is individual and before the age of 20 she can give birth to a healthy child. Physiologically, the body may well be ready for pregnancy and childbirth without complications. However, there are other circumstances that need to be taken into account. For example, is a woman psychologically ready, does she have the necessary knowledge to raise a child, does she have the means to provide for his needs?

Late pregnancy

After 35 years, the decline of women begins reproductive function. First of all, this is due to hormonal changes which lead to a decrease in the ability to conceive naturally, disorders menstrual cycle and the ovulation process.

It is known that a woman is born with a certain number of primary germ cells (oocytes). They mature during childbearing years but do not reproduce. Eggs are formed from primary germ cells.

We regularly encounter negative factors external environment, which negatively affect the body, including oocytes. Therefore, in women after 35-40 years of age, the likelihood of conceiving a child with genetic abnormalities increases significantly.

After 45-50 years, women reach menopause and eggs stop maturing. At this age, a woman can no longer conceive a child.

Reproductive age of a man

With age, the production of male sex hormones gradually decreases. For a man’s reproductive function, it is essential, first of all, to reduce the level of testosterone, which regulates the process of sperm formation.

Therefore, the optimal reproductive age for a man is considered to be under 35 years of age. By this time, most men have a reduced ability of sperm to fertilize an egg. As the amount of DNA damage increases, sperm become less mobile and their genetic quality deteriorates.

Conception and birth of a child among middle-aged parents

IN Lately The number of births among women over 35 years of age has increased. At the same time, there are many positive examples of the birth of a first child after 40 years. Despite the risk, having a child after 35 years has its advantages for a woman.

The hormonal changes in a woman’s body associated with pregnancy and childbirth allow her to feel like a young mother, despite her age. At the same time, it is possible to increase vitality and improvement general well-being women. In addition, significant life experience promotes a more responsible approach to raising a child.

When planning a pregnancy in middle age, you should consult a geneticist. Genetic counseling required for prospective parents if they are over 35 years of age.

Several opinions about reproductive age. Although if you stick to healthy image life, then it can be significantly increased (see section HEALTH site, or tag starvation) .

Reproductive age is the period in a woman’s life that is most favorable for conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a child.

The period during which male body can produce sperm, is called a man's fertile age.

Reproductive age of a woman
Optimal childbearing age for the fair sex is between 20 and 35 years old. It is recommended to give birth to your first child at a maximum age of 25-27 years. In this case, one should take into account the natural ability of a woman’s body to conceive, bear and give birth to a baby. This age is also characterized by a sufficient level of psychological and social maturity.

Early pregnancy
Pregnancy that occurs at an early age is often fraught with very unfavorable consequences. IN in this case, how younger girl, the higher the likelihood of miscarriage, bleeding and toxicosis.

Early motherhood is dangerous for both the young mother and the baby. Children are often born with low body weight, they do not adapt well to external conditions, and they gain weight worse.

Naturally, every woman’s body is individual, and the birth of a completely healthy child is possible even before the age of twenty. A young woman’s body may be physiologically quite ready for pregnancy and subsequent childbirth without any complications. However, there are other circumstances that should be taken into account. For example, is the girl psychologically ready, does she have the necessary knowledge to raise a child, does she have the financial means to provide for his needs?

Late pregnancy
After the age of thirty-five, a woman begins the process of extinction of her reproductive functions. First of all, this is caused by hormonal changes in her body, which lead to a decrease in the ability to conceive naturally and certain menstrual irregularities.

A woman is born already having a certain number of primary germ cells (oocytes) in stock. They mature throughout their childbearing years. It is from the primary germ cells that the egg is formed.

A person regularly encounters all sorts of negative environmental factors, which affect the entire body, including oocytes. For a woman after 40 years of age, the likelihood of conceiving a child who will have genetic abnormalities increases significantly.

After forty-five to fifty years, women enter menopause, when their eggs stop maturing. Thus, a woman’s reproductive age ends. During this period, a woman will no longer be able to conceive a child naturally.

Reproductive age of a man
Over the years, a man's production of sex hormones gradually decreases. For the normal reproductive function of a man, it is essential, first of all, to reduce the level of testosterone, which regulates the process of sperm formation.

For this reason, the optimal reproductive age for a man is the period of his life up to 35 years. At an older age, in most representatives of the stronger sex, the ability of sperm to normally fertilize an egg decreases. The number of DNA damage increases, sperm lose their original motility. Therefore, a man’s reproductive age should also be taken into account when planning a pregnancy.

Conception and birth of children among middle-aged parents
Today, the number of births among women of older reproductive age (after 35 years) has increased significantly. At the same time, there is enough a large number of positive examples of the birth of the first child even after forty years. Despite existing risk, the birth of a baby after thirty-five years of age for a woman also has its advantages.

The hormonal changes in the female body that are associated with pregnancy and subsequent childbirth make it possible to feel like a young mother, despite her age. In this case, an increase in vitality is likely, as well as an improvement in the general well-being and mood of the woman. In addition, rich life experience only contributes to the most responsible approach to the process of raising a child.

When planning a pregnancy during middle age, it is necessary to consult a geneticist. Genetic counseling is necessary for potential parents if they are of advanced reproductive age (after 35-40 years).

Four reasons not to delay pregnancy

In traditional cultures, people started families early, and women gave birth before the age of 20. Now we no longer think this is the norm: we need to get an education, get on our feet, start a career and only then think about children.

As a result, the average age of Russian women in labor is steadily approaching 40 years, when the aging process is already starting in the body, and there is “baggage” behind them. chronic problems, against the background of which it is much more difficult to become pregnant, carry a child, and give birth to a child. The best childbearing age is still 20-30 years. But if life turns out differently, this is a reason not to refuse to have a child, but to turn to fertility doctors. However, there are other reasons.

Reason one: infertility becomes “younger”
Every year, the average age of infertile couples is steadily decreasing; if 10 years ago these were people aged 33 to 37 years, now they are from 25 to 30 years old. There are many reasons for this: poor lifestyle and nutrition; constant stress which become chronic and bring chaos to work hormonal system; irregular and/or erratic sex life with consequences in the form of sexually transmitted diseases, chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, abortions, which in most cases occur with complications. The result is that the number of infertile couples is growing exponentially. According to Russian Association human reproduction, in Russia their number now amounts to more than 6 million.

Reason two: the percentage of male infertility is increasing
If in 1997 the ratio of female to male infertility was 60:40, now these figures look exactly the opposite. Male factor is the main cause of infertility in more than 60% of cases. Reproductionists are sounding the alarm - the quality of sperm and its ability to fertilize are sharply deteriorating.
More and more infertile couples are forced to resort to assisted reproduction services (IVF or IVF + ICSI) precisely for this reason. In this regard, men have increasingly begun to resort to cryopreservation of sperm “for the future”, so as not to bring the situation to a critical level.

Reason three: endocrine problems
There has been a sharp increase in the number of different endocrine disorders, especially among residents of megacities. Now it is celebrated all over the world a sharp increase obesity, problems with the thyroid and mammary glands, the number of patients is steadily increasing diabetes mellitus. Naturally, pregnancy against such a background is not as easy as we would like.

Reason four: they will help you
Over the past 10-15 years in Russia there has been a rapid development of assisted reproduction methods, making it possible for people for whom until recently it was practically impossible to have their own children. These include IVF (the so-called “ artificial insemination"), ICSI, which allows the use of even single sperm in case of severe male factor, programs using donor eggs and sperm, and, finally, surrogacy. And the greatest achievement of recent years, of course, can be considered the emergence of the ability to determine the sex of the unborn child even before it is transferred to the uterus (preimplantation diagnosis). This gives people with hereditary chromosomal diseases a chance to have healthy children, which was completely impossible just a few years ago.

If you do encounter similar problems and know first-hand about infertility, do not delay your visit to a reproductive specialist, do not waste precious time! Moreover, now there are no longer unsolvable problems.

Pregnancy after 35 years

Ten years ago, a woman’s biological clock began alarmingly ringing at the age of 30. Today, such an alarm bell can be heard after 35 and even after 40 years.

Why has the bar been raised so much that limits a woman’s childbearing age?
One reason is safety. Prenatal testing has significantly reduced the risk of birth 40 summer women children who have genetic abnormalities up to the risk level of 20-year-olds. We also have new methods for treating infertility, which is very common after 35 years. Thanks to the latest achievements medicine in the field of helping women who suffer chronic diseases, or in the case of a difficult pregnancy, today 40-year-old women can give birth to healthy and normal children.
Today we have relatively safe contraception, and the example of many celebrities who give birth after forty - all this contributes to the idea that “it’s never too late.” Today's women can calmly postpone the birth of a baby for a certain time, and above all, provide themselves normal life and make a career.
Many women give birth late also because they are being treated for infertility or got married late.

What is the best age to give birth?

By medical indications it is generally accepted that normal age The age for childbirth is from 20 to 24 years, but many women still feel unprepared. For many of them, childhood passed in the 50s and 60s, and for them this age was considered protracted adolescence, but not the beginning adult life. This phenomenon means that they can reach emotional maturity 10 years after the peak of physical maturity.
In reality, a first-time elderly woman is not what she should be by definition. Even in medicine, this terminology appears much less frequently. Nowadays, a 35-year-old pregnant woman is no longer included in the group high risk. And in fact it is. See why a physically healthy 35-year-old woman cannot give birth healthy child, if before that she did not have an abortion, did not have miscarriages and is not infertile. Absurd! She has exactly the same chances as a 20-year-old.

How is risk assessed?

It cannot be said that pregnancy after 35 years is completely without risk, but still it is not as great as you think, and its frequency can be reduced to zero. We bring to your attention some points that should be taken into account by not too young women who have decided to give birth for the first time.
First, you may not get pregnant so easily. Today there is documented evidence that by the age of 35, the ability to bear children decreases.

Even if we do not take into account the premature onset of menopause, this means that if you can conceive a child one day, then not the next. In order for you to conceive a child, you may need 6-12 months, not four.
But a greater danger must be taken into account that an older primiparous woman is more likely to give birth to a child with a genetic disorder, especially Down syndrome.

Statistics show that a 40-year-old woman is nine times more likely to have a child with Down syndrome than a 30-year-old woman.

It should also be noted that expectant mothers who are over 35 years old very often also experience health problems, especially high blood pressure, diabetes.
Such deviations are recorded in 6% of women of this age, compared to 1.3% of young women.
There is also a common risk of placental abruption and pathological condition fetus, which requires medical intervention, which entails serious health problems and expectant mother and a child. There is also a risk of miscarriage.
The fact of a difficult birth is quite normal, but for this today it is prescribed C-section. However, according to the study, we can state the following facts: on average, the duration of labor is 45 minutes longer than for young people.

One more fact that needs to be noted today. Due to environmental pollution, it is also normal for older women to be exposed to it longer. Therefore, they are at risk of problems associated with fibrinous tumors, endometriosis, which also affect fertility and the course of pregnancy.

But all these dangers can be reduced to zero if a woman is seriously preparing to become a mother and prepares herself in advance for pregnancy. The organs of the unborn child are formed in the first 12 weeks, when the fetus is more vulnerable, therefore, when proper nutrition and refusal bad habits in advance, provided that you take vitamins and exercise, you can significantly increase your chances normal pregnancy and give birth to a completely healthy baby. But don’t think that you will have time to do this during pregnancy. You need to prepare for this in advance, because then it will be much easier for you to cope with all the problems if they arise. You need to properly assess the real risk in order to significantly reduce stress during pregnancy. Each emotion can be accompanied by changes in the biochemistry of the body. If you think you are sick, you may actually become sick.

The right time

It becomes absolutely obvious that a number of advantages have late motherhood. Women who are in no rush to become mothers find themselves better prepared for pregnancy and raising children. It has also been proven that older women do not suffer from ambivalence of feelings during pregnancy and are much less likely to experience internal conflict. They look at pregnancy as a blessing from God, and not because they have not given birth before, but simply with age comes the correct understanding of who you are and what you want.

You already live in harmony with yourself and are more disciplined. You understand much more deeply what you have to give up and what lies ahead. This decision is already being made by two adults who have some life experience behind them. Depending on the age at which you decided to get pregnant, they may see it as a “great chance” and therefore perceive it as a gift of fate.
A late child means a lot to a mother. At this age, women are already less exposed to stress, and late child comes to them as a gift for that woman who already knows exactly what she wants.

In one of the American hospitals, a study was conducted that compared the feelings of first-time mothers different ages. It was found that older women experience less distress than younger women, even though they are more likely to give birth to a baby with a genetic disorder. They are more likely to feel more confident and independent, which improves their mood throughout pregnancy.
There is no doubt that as labor approaches, a certain depression of the state can be observed, but it is still not as pronounced as in young people.

Moreover, a woman who has devoted herself to a career throughout her younger years looks at pregnancy as an opportunity to try herself as a woman in what remains unfinished in her life.
Unlike a young mother, who has not yet found her place in life, she expects from her child that he will become the embodiment of her aspirations; she will never even admit the thought that the baby is “pulling her back.” Most of these women have already taken care of becoming professionals in their field.

but on the other hand

Late motherhood also has its own negative sides. They cannot recover from childbirth as quickly as young people; some face problems related to caring for a child, because for a long time they cared only for themselves. An organized woman can feel very bad when all these processes cannot be planned.
Today, many people begin to give birth at a later age, but there are also times when it is too late to give birth.
Sometimes you have to stay with one child or give birth one after another at short intervals.
Opponents late birth They consider such children too spoiled. But, for the sake of fairness, it should be noted that this trend can be observed at any age.
It is necessary to dwell on another factor.

A woman aged 35-40 years old can simultaneously be both a young mother and a caregiver for her elderly parents.

The number of women under 34 who find it difficult to conceive or carry a child to term has doubled in recent years. Therefore, it has become fashionable to plan motherhood in advance, five or even ten years in advance. Why take the risk? Moreover, there are a lot of centers and specialists who will determine how fertile you are (that is, your ability to conceive and bear a child) and help prolong your fertile period - for this you no longer need to go abroad, as before.

1. Take an ovulation test
Age is the main factor affecting fertility. The optimal period of conception for most women is from 23 to 31 years. Then fertility begins to fall by about 3% annually, and 10 years before menopause, conceiving naturally becomes problematic. It is impossible to calculate the onset of time X, but you need to focus on the number 41 (for Russian women, menopause begins on average at 51 years old), and already at 35 years old you need to take control of ovulation. You can check whether your body produces an egg in each cycle yourself by purchasing a home ovulation test at the pharmacy (Frautest, Ovuplan, ClearBlue or any other brand). You need to be tested 3–4 months in a row for 5 days in the middle of the cycle. A negative result is a reason to visit a doctor and further research.

2. Freeze your eggs
Cryopreservation of an egg is still a rare service (storage costs about 17,000 rubles per year), but after 12 years—the shelf life of a frozen egg—everything will pay off. If you decide, go to a clinic that does IVF. First, you will have to undergo standard tests for infections and undergo an examination by a gynecologist. The next stage is a two-week course of follicle-stimulating hormone injections, which begins on the second day of the cycle. In this way, your body will be forced to produce a record dozen eggs at a time instead of one or two. Not to charge you more money. It’s just that after defrosting, only three or four will be working. When the material is ripe, it will be removed (the procedure is done under general anesthesia) and preserved for a year to begin with. The contract with the clinic where the eggs are stored must be renewed annually and done on time - for the sake of the safety of future children.

3. Get your weight in order
Waist is not only needed to attract a quality sire. Lack, as well as excess, of fat in the body can cause hormonal imbalance. As a result, those who are too large or too skinny girls The production of eggs by the ovaries is disrupted. Fortunately, not for good, but only until the weight returns to normal. To determine it (the norm), the Belgian sociologist and statistician Adolphe Quetelet came up with BMI - body mass index. To calculate it, you need to divide your mass (in kilograms) by the square of your height (in meters). It is believed that the BMI of a potential mother should fluctuate between 20 and 25 units. Going beyond these limits is already a risk. A recent study in the Netherlands showed that for every unit above 29, fertility fell by 4%.

4. Leave big sport
Physical activity is beneficial. Within reasonable limits. American doctors established standards for women planning to conceive soon - run no more than 10-12 km per week and work out in the gym no more than one hour a day. Because if you ride an exercise bike too hard, your menstrual cycle may be disrupted or ovulation may stop. This is mainly due to the loss of fat tissue - which is what we, as a rule, strive for. However, fat is also a source and reservoir of female sex hormones - estrogens. Therefore, if there are failures in the cycle, you must immediately stop training.

5. Stop drinking coffee and quit smoking
Everyone who smokes knows that it is harmful. But few people know that the chemicals that accumulate in the body of a smoker disrupt the level of estradiol, the main estrogenic steroid hormone. To delay the onset of menopause and increase fertility by 30%, you just need to quit smoking. By the way, your feat will reduce the risk of miscarriage if pregnancy occurs. You don't have to give up coffee (as well as products containing caffeine) completely. Just reduce the dose to one cup per day.

6. Change your diet
The book The Fertility Diet was recently published in the United States. It presents interesting data. For example, sweets, potatoes, White bread and other foods rich in " fast carbohydrates", interferes with ovulation, and " slow carbohydrates“And foods high in iron, on the contrary, help to conceive. Also, those who sooner or later plan to become a mother are recommended to eat more dairy products - with as high a fat content as possible. This will increase the level of female hormones estrogen. As for vitamins, Special attention pay attention to folic acid(vitamin B6) – it increases the chances of conceiving. When planning a pregnancy, it is advisable to start taking folic acid and vitamin C (in the first phase of the cycle) and vitamins A and E (in the second) about six months in advance.

7. Choose a contraceptive
Taking oral hormonal contraceptives does not harm fertility. On the contrary, when the pills are chosen correctly, hormonal levels can be adjusted. A blood test for hormones will show whether you need to reduce androgen levels or increase estrogen levels. It will have to be taken twice - in both phases of the cycle. After this, the doctor will prescribe a suitable oral contraceptive or, if there are contraindications, advise against taking them.

8. Do an ultrasound
Take care of your health. Some women's diseases make themselves felt by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, and disruptions of the menstrual cycle. Others, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis, are masters of camouflage. Or they lurk in the body asymptomatically, slowly destroying reproductive health. But if you visit a gynecologist every six months and do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, any disease can be caught at an early stage.

9. Don't have an abortion
Abortion in itself is not dangerous and does not deprive you of the opportunity to give birth to a healthy child in the future. Complications after it are dangerous. This is, first of all, a serious hormonal disruption - regardless of whether it is a medical or mechanical abortion. In the second case, there is a high probability of injury, which can provoke endometritis - inflammation of the uterine mucosa. How long does it take to recover or use reliable contraceptives? The choice is obvious.

10. Take care of your man
Theoretically, he can become a father even after 70 years of age, but in half of the cases it is not possible to conceive a child due to his fault - due to a decrease in the number of motile sperm. To prevent this from happening, he only needs to do two things: simple rules– do not squeeze or heat the scrotal area. Of course, you are unlikely to be able to persuade a man to give up his car and change sedentary office work to healthy hard work. physical work. But he can stop holding the laptop on his lap for a long time, sleep in hot bath and in the sauna, wearing tight underpants and riding a bicycle with an uncomfortable seat. And, by the way, some people could have sex more often – 2-3 times a week. In order to improve sperm quality.

It's all in your head!

Scientific director of the Institute of Perinatal Psychology and Reproductive Psychology, Professor Galina Filippova, explained why problems with conception are often associated with mental health and what to do about it.

How does the brain influence our ability to get pregnant?

You won't believe it, he's playing key role! You must really want a child. What I mean is that the motivation must be so strong that your desire to give birth must be accepted within you. Many women are surprised: I really want to become a mother, I consciously want to! But they don’t understand that they may have strong unconscious resistance inside. In the left hemisphere of all mammals there is a part of the brain called the “maternal dominant”, which is responsible for organizing our behavior associated with the birth of children. And in the right hemisphere there is another important center - it is called the “dominant anxiety”. If for some reason it is in an excited state, it can suppress the “dominant motherhood” and, accordingly, the ability to conceive. That is, your own brain - without your natologist - sends signals to the body: don’t get pregnant, it’s dangerous now! If this happens for a long time, they may start functional changes in internal organs - ovulation will stop, hormonal balance will be disrupted, etc.

In what cases is the “anxiety dominant” activated?
The cause could be any unresolved problem that you are reacting to. Great value has your social environment. For example, if you have a tense relationship with your mother-in-law, your own mother or husband, or you are afraid (even subconsciously) that the birth of a child will limit your personal freedom, then the dominant anxiety will be constantly aroused and it will be difficult for you to get pregnant. In my practice, I often encounter couples who have scandals just during the period of ovulation - like clockwork! – and they, accordingly, avoid intimacy these days. Perhaps they unconsciously experience anxiety and do not want a child, although they themselves deny it. By the way, anxiety is also dominant in men - it can suppress sperm activity with the same success as ovarian function in women. I had a patient whose mother kept saying as a child: “I had 20 abortions before you, and left you, you idiot, to ruin my life now!” Accordingly, he was “blocked” from having his own children.

But there are women who “get blown away by the wind”...
They do not have a subconscious fear of having children or, for example, that hyper-responsibility that is characteristic of many successful modern women experiencing difficulty conceiving. Those who become pregnant “from the wind”, for one reason or another, are not afraid that the child will interfere with their life.

How to remove these blocks?
Often pregnancy occurs when we simply let go of the problem, stop stressing ourselves and stressing our partner. Many women diagnosed with infertility decide to adopt a child and then unexpectedly become pregnant themselves - sometimes already at the adoption stage. This happens because they either stop experiencing stress - torturing themselves and their husband in order to conceive at any cost - or they simply internally accept a parental position. And then everything works out! In general, it is important for a woman to realize her fears and find out: the child will help or hinder her. Many are afraid that the latter will happen, without good reason.

How do you help women?
With each individual, we study family history - in particular, what kind of mother image a woman carries within herself (as a rule, it is copied from her own mother, and if it is negative, this can also prevent you from getting pregnant), but usually we go deeper and look at least 3– 4 generations of family scenarios. Of course, we also analyze your today’s life situation– at work, with your man, parents, etc. Finally, we find out your “subconscious plan” - after all, most often you yourself know very well when you can “allow” yourself to get pregnant. As a result, we develop your personal “motherhood plan”.

Price issue

At the Southern California Reproduction Center, one cycle of egg freezing costs $7,000, but most do multiple cycles and then give a discount. In Russia it costs from 150,000 rubles plus storage - from 8,000 to 18,000 rubles per year. In Moscow, eggs can be frozen at the Perinatal Medical Center, the Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after. V.I. Kulakov and at the European Medical Center. There is a way out even if your man’s sperm or your own eggs are not suitable for some reason - the same centers will tell you the contacts of donor material banks.

Happens…

Ilona (36 years old):“I got pregnant from a stranger”
Two months ago I gave birth to a daughter from a man whose name I didn’t even know. Before this, my husband and I tried to conceive without success for five years. To be honest, of the two of us, I wanted a child more. My wife was happy with everything anyway. We had common interests, common friends, and at first, good sex. True, he liked oral history more, but for my sake he performed his marital duty as expected once a week. However, over time, bed from pleasure turned into hard work. The husband often went to strip clubs, from where he returned, to put it mildly, drunk. Or he pretended to be asleep and snored loudly on purpose. At the same time, I didn’t want to go to the doctor, claiming that I was infertile and there was no need to try. But I visited many doctors, and they said that the problem was not with me. Once, at a colleague’s birthday party, I had sex with a friend of a friend in the bathroom. As they say, quickly. There wasn't much pleasure. But two weeks later the test showed that I was pregnant. While I was deciding how to tell my husband about this, my colleague told everything to the guy from the bathroom. That man found me, we started dating. I left my husband without much regret.

Maria (45 years old):“It would be easier without pills”
When I had a boyfriend (I was 16 years old), I went to antenatal clinic so that they can write me out birth control pills. Naturally, secretly from my parents. Soon I gained a lot of weight. I had to tell everything to my mother, who told me the first day. But nothing could be fixed. I still remained fat. Something else is worse. I couldn't get pregnant. Treatment for infertility did not produce results. For the first three years after our wedding, my husband and I were terribly worried about this. Then they reconciled themselves. Over the course of 15 years, we got used to living together, got dogs, and even seemed to calm down. And four years ago I became pregnant. This turned out to be an accident. I had a stomach ache, we went to the district clinic and found out that I was in my fifth month. All this time I continued to have menstruation, there was no toxicosis, and indeed no deviations from the norm. Moreover, I smoked and did not deny myself other joys of life. Fortunately, this did not affect my daughter in any way. A year ago, when I turned 44, I also gave birth to a son, also naturally. I think I'll stop there for now.

It is important for women to remain young and beautiful as long as possible. During the period of career growth there is absolutely no time for family and children.

But after 30, girls come to their senses and rush to conceive a baby. Read what a woman’s reproductive age is and how to extend it.

What does the reproductive age of a woman and a man mean and when does it occur?

A woman’s reproductive age is the body’s ability to bear and give birth to healthy offspring. The first eggs mature by the age of 14.

Some girls may have their first period later or earlier. This depends on many factors: heredity, environmental situation and nationality.

However, at such a young age, even if a girl is able to bear a child, she may have problems with childbirth.

The body, which will become an ideal container for a strong seed, will be formed at 17-18 years of age.

Important! A girl's first menstruation is called menarche.

The ideal age for conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a baby is considered to be from 18 to 35 years. After thirty, a woman’s fertility weakens, and her chances of getting pregnant become less and less.

With medical support, it is possible to conceive a baby and give birth to a healthy heir even at the age of 40, but natural decline, as a rule, occurs at the age of 50.

For men the situation is different. The boy matures during the period of sexual desire. A guy can conceive a child even at 15 years old. However, out of psychological caution, it is better to postpone starting a family for several years.

Important! The ideal age for a man to conceive a child is considered to be between 28 and 35 years old.

However, on the eve of his thirtieth birthday, a guy’s sperm may give up.

Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, poor environmental situation and nervous overstrain The activity and quality of the seed may be significantly reduced.

Due to decreased erection, it will be difficult for a man to conceive a child in old age.

However, sperm motility remains up to 70 years. In medicine, there have been cases where men impregnated women even after 90 years of age.

Extending the function of conception using folk remedies

Traditional medicine will help prolong the youth of the female body.

By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and moderate exercise, you can maintain your ability to conceive for several more years.

Try the simple recipes described in the table:

It is impossible to prevent menopause, but you can ease its course. To prolong female fertility, use all of the above methods from the age of 40.

pay attention to hereditary factor, when on the maternal side women in the family began menopause.

Important! Consult your physician before use. In some cases there may be allergic reactions due to individual intolerance to the components.

How does reproductive age differ from biological age?

Biological age is not indicated in the personal document. When the passport says 45 years old, in fact, based on test results and health conditions, the woman may be only 35.

Small well-being tests and a doctor’s diagnosis will help you find out the exact number.

Important! Reproductive age, as a rule, lasts up to 45 years, and biological age can extend this figure to 50.

The main difference is that reproductive age is the period from 18 to 45 years, and biological age is from birth to death.

It is difficult to say the exact number to which the state of the body corresponds, they will help determine more precisely analyzes and ultrasound examinations.

Advice! You can also find simple ones on the Internet online tests biological age.

How else can you stop the decline?

A woman can help her body without the help of folk recipes.

If a person cannot influence the ecological state of the planet in an instant, then it is worth knowing a few rules. The main thing is to save general health as long as possible.

To do this, when choosing a place of residence, it is worth giving preference to coastal areas or forest areas, where factories and chemical plants are located far away.

Also keep in mind that in the city people are increasingly breathing exhaust fumes and dust.

Prolong a woman's fertility with these tips:

Give up bad habits. Stop smoking, do not abuse alcoholic beverages.
Eat right. Your diet should contain a maximum of fruits and vegetables, a minimum of smoked meats, pickles and sausages.
Choosing a sexual partner. With promiscuous sexual intercourse, you can get a whole bouquet venereal diseases For a present.
Rest. Correct mode no one canceled work and rest. Don't sit at the computer for a long time, try to spend more time on fresh air.
Plant support. Doctors can offer you homeopathic remedies support.
Such preparations do not contain synthetic hormones; they are made from royal jelly or pollen.

Important! Previously, treatment regimens were developed hormonal contraceptives to stop aging.

However, such drugs have too much side effects and are poorly perceived in old age.
A woman's youth is in her hands.

From the right image life and a harmonious state of mind depend on the future and the possibility of conception after 40 years. Take care of your health.

Useful video

Infertility in women

Infertility

– the inability of persons who have reached childbearing age to reproduce due to impaired fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. A marriage is considered infertile if a woman does not become pregnant within a year of regular sexual activity (sexual intercourse at least once a week) without the use of contraceptive means and methods.

The percentage of infertile couples reaches 15. The reason barren marriage there may be disturbances in the reproductive system of one or both spouses. The diagnosis of infertility in a woman can be established only after excluding infertility in a man and positive samples, confirming the compatibility of sperm and cervical mucus.

Infertility in women is divided into:

primary and secondary (respectively, in the absence or presence of a history of pregnancy);
relative (the possibility of pregnancy is not excluded);
absolute (pregnancy is impossible due to the absence of the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes due to various reasons).

Causes of infertility in women

The cause of infertility may be:

lack of ovulation;
insufficiency of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Chronic absence of ovulation may be a consequence of a disturbance in the rhythm of secretion of luliberin and gonadotropins, which develops after neuroinfection, intoxication, emotional stress, trauma, childbirth, etc.

Chronic lack of ovulation is a symptom of many endocrine diseases. Manifestations of chronic lack of ovulation, in addition to infertility, are menstrual irregularities - dysfunctional uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea. Other causes of infertility may include:

adhesions in the pelvis;
obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
external endometriosis, etc.

A decrease in progesterone production can lead to infertility due to decreased motility of the fallopian tubes in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, incomplete secretory transformation of the endometrium and impaired implantation of the fertilized egg.

Infertility can be caused by functional pathology of the fallopian tubes - a violation of their contractile activity due to inflammatory processes in the pelvis, incl. in the uterine appendages, disturbances in the hormonal function of the ovaries and changes in the ratio of estrogen and progesterone in the body. Common cause Infertility is an organic pathology of the fallopian tubes, including obstruction, adhesions, torsion, as well as the condition after surgery on the fallopian tubes.

Organic changes in the fallopian tubes can be a consequence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, fallopian tubes, as well as complications after childbirth, abortion, surgery on the pelvic organs (for example, in women who have undergone appecdectomy).

treatment of functional tubal infertility

use psychotherapy, sedatives, tranquilizers, antispasmodics, in the preovulatory period - prostaglandin production blockers: naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid. Physiotherapy is also effective:

hydrogen sulfide baths;
exposure to ultrasound in pulsed mode;
electrical stimulation of the fallopian tubes.

The prognosis for timely treatment is satisfactory.

organic tubal infertility

great importance is attached to the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs. With long-term (more than 2 years) conservative treatment tubal infertility are developing dystrophic changes fallopian tubes, folds of the mucous membrane grow together, develops in the muscular layer connective tissue, the receptor apparatus of the fallopian tubes is damaged. Therefore, timely surgical treatment of tubal infertility is necessary. Absolute contraindication for surgery is tuberculosis of the genital organs.

Relative contraindications:

age of women over 35 years old;
duration of tubal infertility more than 3 years;
frequent exacerbations of chronic inflammatory process in the uterine appendages and previous acute inflammatory process during the previous year;
pronounced adhesive process in the pelvis;
hydrosalpinx large sizes, when removed, no more than 5 cm of the fallopian tube will remain.

Prevention of tubal infertility includes the prevention and rational treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, timely diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis, carrying out rehabilitation activities in the early stages after gynecological operations in young women.

Reasons

infertility caused by gynecological diseases,

not accompanied by disturbances in ovulation and fallopian tube function may be:

external and internal endometriosis;
malformations of the cervix and body of the uterus;
post-traumatic changes in the cervix;
cervicitis;
endometritis.

Immunological infertility

in women it is caused by the appearance of antibodies to sperm. It is diagnosed using tests for the compatibility of sperm and cervical mucus, detection of antibodies to sperm in blood serum and cervical mucus.

Treatment of this form of infertility has not been sufficiently developed; glucocorticoid drugs with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties are used, artificial insemination the husband's sperm injected directly into the uterine cavity, bypassing its cervix.

Folk remedies for female infertility:

For
treating infertility with folk remedies

It is useful to drink a decoction of adonis herb as tea. Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. herbs, leave, wrapped, for 2 hours and strain. Drink 3 times a day.
Drink a decoction of Adam's root herb. Brew 1 cup boiling water 2 tsp. herbs, leave, wrapped, for 2 hours and strain. Drink 1 tbsp. 3-4 times a day.
Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tsp. sage herbs and leave for 30 minutes. Drink 1/3 glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Another way: drink 1 des.l. 2 times a day on an empty stomach and juice in the evening fresh plant sage The product should be taken for 12 days immediately after the cessation of menstruation.
Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. plantain seeds, simmer over low heat for 5 minutes. and leave for 1 hour. Drink 1-2 tbsp. 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The same recipe is used for
male infertility

Course 1-2 months.
Brew 0.5 liters of boiling water with 3-4 tbsp. knotweed, leave, wrapped, for 4 hours and strain. Drink 1-2 glasses 4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
Brew 0.5 liters of boiling water 3 tbsp. ramishia lopsided herbs and leave overnight in a thermos. Drink 150 ml 3-4 times a day 1 hour after meals. The same plant helps with many female diseases.
Folk

healers say: in order to cure infertility, you need to eat young fruit.
As a fumigation, inhale the smoke from burnt St. John's wort; it is useful for infertility.
Inhale the smoke from burnt kirkazon seeds.

Noni juice also helps in the treatment of infertility.

HomeProblems

They call menopause autumn time in a woman's life. It signals the end of reproductive age and the beginning of aging of the female body. Many ladies, trying to delay the onset of autumn in their lives, are looking for an answer to the question of how to restore menstruation during menopause.

In this publication, we will look at whether this is realistic to do during menopause, and also in what ways you can achieve your goal. In addition, let's look at efficient complex preventive measures.

Menstruation during menopause

Menopausal changes do not happen overnight. It's pretty a long period time, which is divided into the following stages:

Premenopause - during this period of time the first symptoms begin to appear. specific symptoms, which signal the beginning of the decline of the hormonal function of the ovaries.
The level of female sex hormones – estrogen and progesterone – decreases in the body. As a result, changes begin in the menstrual cycle. Its duration varies, as well as the amount menstrual flow, and the so-called critical days. Normally, the stage begins at 45-47 years. If the symptoms began earlier, then doctors diagnose the woman with early menopause.
Menopause or menopause is, in fact, the last independent menstruation.
But it can only be determined after the fact. Gynecologists make the appropriate diagnosis 12 months after the last menstruation, during which there were no menstrual bleeding. Accepted norm The onset of menopause is considered to be 50 years.
Postmenopause is the last stage at which the ovaries have completely completed their hormonal function, and there is no more menstruation.

The climacteric period for all women has its own individual characteristics, which are caused by health status and hereditary predisposition.

About the phases of menopause.

When can menstruation be restored?

The easiest time for menstruation to return is during perimenopause. At this stage, ovulation occurs and women can still become pregnant. Due to the onset of ovarian dysfunction, the level of sex hormones decreases, and this is what leads to a delay in menstruation.

What is a “menstrual cycle” anyway?

When a woman takes medications that can forcibly increase the level of estrogen production, the menstrual cycle is restored and reproductive function is prolonged. In addition, the woman maintains her health and youth. After all, with the onset of menopause, signs of aging inevitably appear: wrinkles, gray hair and thinning hair.

Many women are interested in whether it is possible to restore menstruation during menopause. At this stage, there are no longer periods, but they can come if you take medications that increase the level of sex hormones in the body.

If specialists determine that it is possible for a particular patient to prolong her reproductive function, then she will be offered existing methods restoration of the menstrual cycle. Menstruation after menopause, that is, at the postmenopausal stage, is no longer restored.

At early menopause Ladies should always consult a gynecologist. When to terminate reproductive function comes earlier than the time provided by nature, then it proceeds heavily and is accompanied by various complications cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Timely selected therapy will help delay the onset of menopause and become effective prevention concomitant diseases.

At the beginning of menopause, namely in the first two stages, restoration of menstruation is still possible. To do this, you need to contact a gynecologist and undergo an examination.

Methods for restoring menstruation

Today, women can restore their periods using the following methods:

drug treatment;
use of traditional medicine recipes;
carrying out prevention.

It is important to understand that the menstrual cycle is a manifestation of the possibility of a woman’s fertilization and the birth of a child. Therefore, the lady needs to return her reproductive function, and then the menstrual cycle will be restored.

To do this, you should contact a specialist, and not self-medicate, so as not to waste precious time and not harm your health.

Treatment with hormonal drugs

What is amenorrhea?

Medicines should only be prescribed by a doctor. All drugs can be divided into 2 large groups: hormonal and non-hormonal. Funds from the first group contain synthetic hormones, which artificially increase the level of estrogen and progesterone in a woman’s body and thereby maintain normal functioning reproductive system body.

Gynecologists prescribe such drugs after an examination and the results of a blood test for hormones. The doctor selects the hormonal agent, dose and course of treatment.

You cannot change the dosage on your own, or continue or stop taking the medicine. A woman can provoke uterine bleeding or harm your health.

To the most popular hormonal medications relate:

Divitren - imitates hormonal activity and thereby provokes the activity of the organs of the reproductive system.
Prevents the development of endometrial hyperplasia - proliferation of the uterine mucosa.
Cliogest is a combination medicine containing estrogens and progesterone.
During menopause, it softens the intensity of symptoms and stimulates the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system in order to resume menstruation.
Cyclo-Proginova - replenishes the lack of estrogen and promotes endometrial regeneration.
Thus, preparing it for the action of progesterone and the onset of menstruation.

Only a doctor can select a drug for a woman, as well as the correct dose. The entire course of treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. By self-medicating a lady can provoke serious problems with health, up to the development of a malignant neoplasm.

Therapy with non-hormonal drugs and herbs

If a woman is contraindicated to use hormonal drugs, then she can be prescribed medications that contain phytohormones - substances that are found in some plants and are identical in composition to sex hormones.

The following plants are rich in them: black cohosh, red clover, soybeans and others.

Besser Alter - the medicine contains Altai herbs that stimulate the activity of the ovaries.
Thus, the woman’s reproductive function is restored, and accordingly, her period comes.
Feminal - improves acyclic menstruation, and also reduces the manifestations of premenstrual and menopausal syndromes.
Estrovel - helps normalize the menstrual cycle caused by hormonal imbalance.

Despite the natural composition of medications, they should be taken only after consultation with a gynecologist.

Traditional medicine suggests drinking infusions of the following herbs to get your period:

mint;
oregano;
linden;
parsley

Preparing the infusion is very simple - you need to take a tablespoon of the herb and pour a glass of boiling water over it. Infuse under a closed lid for 10-20 minutes, then strain. Take three times a day.

Fresh parsley should be included in your daily diet. It should be added to salads, first and second courses. Mint and linden can be brewed with black or green tea.

Preventive measures

It is always better to practice prevention than treatment. When we're talking about about menopause, it is not a disease, but natural aging of the body.

But every woman can delay the onset of menopause, as well as improve her health in order to reduce the intensity of the manifestation over time. menopausal symptoms and easily survive this stage of your life.

Our lifestyle directly affects the onset of menopause.

To do this, you should take a set of preventive measures:

Change your diet.
The basis of the daily menu should be fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as protein found in seafood, fish, lean meat, cottage cheese, cheese and all legumes. It is necessary to reduce the amount of animal fats, and consume all types of nuts and high-quality vegetable oil - olive, flaxseed, sesame, sunflower. You should avoid or minimize your consumption of: smoked meats, fried and fatty foods, sweets and fast food.
News active image life.
Regular but moderate exercise stress plus walks in the fresh air strengthen the immune system and prolong the youth of the body.
Correct daily routine.
In order to have good health it is important to adhere to the regime: 8-hour night rest, eating at the same time, playing sports.

Equally important for extending a woman’s reproductive age is her psychological attitude. Optimism, good mood, stress resistance are a woman’s best allies.

Bottom line

The onset of menopause is an irreversible process, but it can be delayed and reproductive age can be extended, and with it the youth of soul and body. You should take care of this in advance and take measures to prevent menopause, which will also improve your health.

At the first menstrual cycle irregularities, it is important to contact a gynecologist in order to choose correct therapy, supporting reproductive function and accordingly regulating the menstrual cycle. We wish you good health!

What do you know about restoring the menstrual cycle during menopause?

It is customary to call a certain period of a woman’s life when she is able to conceive and give birth to a child. This period is approximately the same for everyone, but may differ slightly due to physiological characteristics. When does childbearing age begin and end for women?

A woman gains the ability to have children at a very young age, with the arrival of menstruation. This should not come as a surprise, since it is preceded by it. It begins at about 10-11 years and is characterized by enlargement of the mammary glands, the appearance of hair under the arms and on the pubis. If parents notice such changes in their daughter, they need to talk to the child and explain what is happening. Doing it right will avoid many problems in the future.

We can say that from now on puberty completed, and women have reached childbearing age. But there is no need to rush into having children. Physically, a girl at such a young age can become pregnant and even give birth to a baby. But this will have an extremely negative impact on her health.

The body is not yet ready for such shocks, and the risk of getting serious complications(miscarriage, severe toxicosis, difficult childbirth, very large.

Women's childbearing age

Doctors do not recommend giving birth to girls under 18-19 years old. But it’s still better to wait a few more years. It is at this age that a woman’s body best tolerates pregnancy and childbirth. The childbearing age for women lasts about 25-30 years. This period can be significantly reduced due to various chronic diseases.

It is very important from childhood to teach a girl to take care of herself, regularly visit a gynecologist and maintain personal hygiene. The child should be taught that any disease, even the mildest one, can affect reproductive function. In this regard, you should not neglect diseases, but always treat them on time. Adult woman should see a doctor at least twice a year, even if there is no cause for concern. Some diseases occur in a latent form, so it is impossible to recognize them on your own. Optimal age for childbirth varies from 20 to 35 years depending on physical condition women.

When is it all over?

The so-called menopause occurs after 45 years. Women's childbearing years may continue, or it may end there. Everything happens gradually. Hormonal levels change, the ovulation process is disrupted, menstruation stops, and eggs stop maturing. This whole process lasts more than one year. During this time, a woman can still become pregnant and carry a child to term. However, there is Great chance birth of a baby with various genetic disorders. In this regard, doctors recommend not postponing pregnancy to such a late date.

The reproductive age of women depends on their physiological characteristics. It can come very early and end in quite some time. This is worth considering married couples, and therefore, after achieving them, you should not stop protecting yourself.

Nature has laid down the main function in female body- produce offspring. Physiological features development, social conditions, the environment affects a woman’s reproductive age. Currently, experts define its boundaries as ranging from 15 to 45 years, but they are individual for each woman. According to the WHO definition, reproductive age is considered to be the age during which a woman is able to conceive a child, that is, from menarche to menopause.

What affects fertility

Female fertility is the biological ability to conceive, bear and give birth to a child. Some women easily manage to get pregnant and give birth in the presence of chronic diseases, after abortions. Others, who are relatively healthy, are unable to conceive or bear a child for a long time.

There are many factors that reduce fertility and cause infertility:

long-term heavy smoking;
alcohol abuse;
sedentary lifestyle;
unbalanced diet;
frequent stress;
overweight (BMI >30);
insufficient (less than 45 kg) weight;
endocrine disorders;
inflammation of the genital organs;
traumatic injuries during abortion, childbirth;
intoxication of the body associated with an acute infectious disease;
abdominal operations;
age (over 35 years old).

To understand why a woman cannot get pregnant, the main indicators of fertility are examined: ovulation, fallopian tube patency, endometrial condition, hormone levels. At home, an ovulation test is carried out by measuring basal temperature, or using strips on which a special reagent with a control strip is applied. The test determines the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the urine. A high LH value is characteristic of a mature egg, ready for fertilization. IN medical institutions A gynecologist uses an ultrasound to evaluate the size dominant follicle, availability and size corpus luteum, condition of the ovaries, uterus.

Late motherhood, in addition to possible difficulties, It has positive sides. Hormonal changes rejuvenate the body, giving strength and energy for care and education. The desire to raise and raise a child increases life expectancy, and later menopause occurs.

Reproductive age ends when eggs stop maturing and menstruation ends completely. Natural conception becomes impossible. A new physiological stage begins.

How to extend the reproductive period

Biological age does not always correspond to the date in the passport. Internal organs forty year old woman can work the same as those of a twenty-year-old girl. This is partly influenced genetic predisposition, partly - lifestyle, environment.

The following will help you make the most of your childbearing years and extend your childbearing years:

giving up alcohol and smoking;
moderate physical activity;
balanced diet;
timely and full treatment diseases;
control of hormonal levels;
taking vitamins as prescribed by a doctor;
positive emotions.

It is important to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist. Many diseases remain asymptomatic for a long time. In advanced cases, this negatively affects fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to devote more time to preventive measures. In every reproductive period You can safely give birth to a healthy baby without complications.