Artificial insemination, differences between IVF and artificial insemination. Artificial insemination: how to psychologically prepare for IVF. Artificial insemination - the essence and brief description of the manipulation

The statistics are disappointing - every year the number of infertile couples only increases, and how many of them want children! Thanks to the latest technologies and progressive treatment methods, babies are born, even though it would seem that this is impossible. Artificial insemination is a procedure that allows a woman diagnosed with infertility to become a mother using donor sperm. What is the essence of the technology, to whom it is contraindicated and how great are the chances of having a child - more on this later.

What is artificial insemination

As one of the methods of artificial insemination, insemination helps parents find their long-awaited child. The procedure significantly increases the likelihood of conception, since it is preceded by a careful selection of material for the operation. Among the sperm, the most active ones are selected, and the weak ones are removed. The protein components of the ejaculate are removed because they can be perceived by the female body as foreign.

Intrauterine insemination is not a panacea for infertility, but only one way to get pregnant artificially. According to research positive effect is estimated at a maximum of 30–40 percent. A single session does not guarantee the development of pregnancy, so the operation is performed up to 3 times per monthly cycle. If conception does not occur after several procedures, it is recommended to turn to other methods of artificial insemination. Pregnancy itself with intrauterine insemination is no different from normal.

Why is artificial insemination possible?

It would seem why women cannot get pregnant, but with the artificial introduction of ejaculate, fertilization occurs. One of the features lies in the female body. The point is that in cervical mucus Antibodies are produced against male sperm. It turns out that it simply kills sperm, and does not facilitate their penetration into the egg. The procedure helps deliver the treated material directly to the uterus, bypassing the cervical canal. In this way, even with low sperm motility, the chance of getting pregnant increases.

Indications

As can be seen from the above, the main indication for artificial intrauterine insemination is the immunological incompatibility of partners. In fact, individual reasons, for which the procedure is resorted to much more often, so it is worth considering them in more detail. The main problems in women are considered to be inflammatory processes in the cervical canal. The disease prevents sperm from passing into the uterus, preventing a woman from becoming pregnant.

Artificial insemination is used for vaginismus, a problem where sexual intercourse is not possible due to spasms and pain. Injuries and pathologies reproductive organ, preventing you from getting pregnant, abnormalities in the position of the uterus, infertility of an unclear nest, surgical interventions on the cervix - another of the many reasons to contact the clinic for an insemination procedure.

Until recently the reason female infertility were sought only among the weaker sex, but, as studies have shown, men's problems are often dominant in this matter. Low motility and a small number of sperm that find it difficult to reach the end point, and azoospermia are some of the main diseases due to which artificial insemination is prescribed if previous treatment does not produce any results. Disorders with potency and ejaculation can also be an indication for the procedure.

Genetic diseases, due to which there is a possible risk of giving birth to a patient or with psychophysical characteristics baby is another reason why artificial insemination is prescribed. True, then the procedure is carried out with the donor’s sperm, to which the husband (and the future official father) gives written consent. Fertilization with seminal fluid from the clinic’s database is also carried out for single women who want to become pregnant.

Advantages

Intrauterine insemination is the first method that is used for problems with conception. The main advantage is that there is no major harm female body. Artificial insemination can be carried out even if the exact cause of infertility has not been established. The procedure does not require lengthy preparation, and its implementation does not take much time. The most important advantage of using this method is its low cost.

Preparation

Like any operation, but intrauterine insemination medically is such, the procedure requires preparation. Just the desire to do artificial insemination is not enough; you need to come to an appointment with a doctor, who will prescribe an action plan after drawing up a family history and a thorough analysis of the situation during a conversation. Then it is necessary to sign certain papers confirming the consent of the spouses to carry out the conception. If it is necessary to use donor sperm, the number of documents for approval increases significantly.

Tests before insemination

Preliminarily, to find out your preparedness for the procedure artificial insemination, the couple is tested:

• HIV AIDS);
• stick infections;
• hepatitis;
• passive hemagglutination reaction (RPHA).

After a 3-5 day period of abstinence, the man takes a spermogram, which determines sperm motility. In women, the patency of the fallopian tubes will be checked, and the uterus will be examined using hysterosalpingography. Ultrasound detects the presence of ovulation. If there are problems, hormones are used to stimulate egg production. The microflora is cultured to determine the presence of papillomavirus, ureplasma, group B streptococcus, which can cause the impossibility of bearing a fetus.

Sperm preparation

Immediately before the insemination procedure artificially The seminal fluid is donated, after which it is examined and processed. There are 2 ways to prepare cells: centrifuge processing and flotation. The first option is preferable, since this increases the chances of conception. Sperm preparation involves removing acrosin from it, a substance that inhibits sperm motility. To do this, portions are poured into cups and left to liquefy, and after 2-3 hours they are activated with special preparations or passed through a centrifuge.

On what day is insemination done?

According to doctors specializing in these issues of gynecology, the best option To carry out artificial insemination is the introduction of sperm into the uterus three times:

• 1-2 days before ovulation;
• On the day of ovulation;
• After 1-2 days, if there are several maturing follicles.

How does the procedure work?

Artificial insemination can be carried out independently or directly with the participation of a specialist in the clinic. To do this, the woman is placed on a gynecological chair, and access to the cervix is ​​opened with the help of a mirror. The doctor inserts a catheter, and biological material is drawn into a syringe connected to it. Then there is a gradual introduction of sperm into the uterine cavity. After insemination, the woman should remain motionless for about 30-40 minutes.

Insemination with donor sperm

When identifying serious illnesses the woman's partner, such as hepatitis, HIV and other potentially dangerous diseases, including genetic ones, then donor sperm is used, which is stored frozen at a temperature of -197°C. Information about a person is not declassified, but the wife can always bring with her a person who has the right to donate seminal fluid for subsequent artificial insemination of the patient.

Husband's sperm

When using biological material from a spouse, sperm collection occurs on the day of the insemination procedure. To do this, the spouses come to the clinic, where biological material is donated. After this, the semen is analyzed and prepared for use. It is important to understand that before donating sperm, a man must abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 3 days in order to improve the quality of sperm.

Artificial insemination at home

Artificial insemination at home is allowed, although according to doctors its effectiveness is considered minimal, however, judging by the reviews, successful attempts have been recorded. You can buy it at the pharmacy special set for carrying out manipulations at home. The algorithm differs from that carried out in the clinic in that the sperm is injected into the vagina, and not into the uterus. When performing insemination on your own, you cannot reuse the kit; you must not lubricate your labia with saliva or cream, or inject sperm directly into the cervix.

Efficiency of the method

A positive result with the intrauterine artificial insemination procedure is achieved less frequently than with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ranges from 3 to 49% (these are the most positive data). In practice, the number of attempts is limited to 3–4, since larger number the sample is considered ineffective. After this it is necessary to carry out additional research or adjustment of treatment. If pregnancy does not occur, you should resort to another method of artificial conception or change the sperm donor.

Risks and possible complications

As such complications intrauterine insemination does not cause, women are more at risk due to taking drugs that cause ovulation, so it is necessary to conduct tests for the possibility of allergies. In addition, the risk of having twins, or less often triplets, increases, due to the fact that several attempts are made to introduce sperm and stimulate the formation of more than one follicle.

Contraindications

Although artificial intrauterine insemination is a simple procedure with virtually no consequences, there are still some restrictions due to which it may be refused. Among them are problems with ovulation itself, which occurs with disturbances, tubal infertility(it is necessary that at least one intrauterine labor is capable), inflammation of the appendages and uterus, hormonal imbalances, infectious and viral diseases.

Price

It is impossible to say definitely how much artificial insemination costs, since prices will differ in each clinic in Moscow. It is important to understand that the procedure consists of several stages, including consultation, tests, and treatment. It is necessary to take into account the price of the medications that you will have to take. If donor sperm is used, then its cost should be added to the price. Today, according to the information provided on the Internet, the following figures can be cited:

Video

So wrote Kahlil Ghibran in his work The Prophet. Nature wants us to have children. However, it does not need unhealthy or weak ones, and therefore there is a long path of selection of the strongest genes, with a greater likelihood of survival.

One of the Eastern philosophies says that the soul of a child chooses its own parents. The more physically healthy and psychologically calm the parents are, the more likely it is that the souls of the children will compete in choosing such parents and by natural selection the healthiest and most psychologically adjusted child will develop in such a parental union. From an ordinary point of view, and not from the point of view of philosophical ideas, the healthier the parents and the more psychologically prepared and harmonious in their union, the greater the chance of the child being born healthy.

CHOOSING A SPOUSE

There are two extreme opposites in choosing a spouse. On the one hand, this is the philosophy of the East with a marriage of convenience, on the other, the romantic idea of ​​falling in love. On the one hand, this is conscious approval by elders of future relationships between young people, on the other hand, emotionally intense love. As you might expect, the balance is somewhere in the middle.

I don't want to change religious or ethical rules, but I do believe that choosing a spouse is an important decision that should not be made by one person or subject to the whims of our emotional states.

On the following pages you will find a list of questions that should be answered by a future married couple who has decided to have a child.

ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF UNSUCCESSFUL CONCEPT
The reasons that people have sexual relations, are numerous. Sexual intercourse gives each partner a feeling of pleasure and relaxation. Most people enjoy sex, but there are others who often use sex for other purposes to gain respect and confidence.

Most women wonder at some time whether they want to get pregnant. The decision will be positive when the woman reaches a certain age and development and it is clear that she is ready to become a mother.

More than 750,000 babies are born every year in the UK, and 5 times that number in the United States.

However, it is estimated that two out of every five pregnancies are not carried to term. Most conceptions are not even noticed. The fertilized egg does not enter the uterus or dies due to gene defects in both the sperm and the egg. The fertilized egg is then released quietly, usually during the next menstrual cycle. The problem of conception, however, is not associated only with these reasons. Many couples cannot conceive a child because there is no interaction between the male and female reproductive organs. letok. Infertility can also be caused by the ovaries not producing eggs, or by a lack of sperm, or by non-viable sperm.

What advice can you give and how should you treat those women who cannot get pregnant?

Approximately 30,000 women in the UK, with or without a spouse, visit specialists each year due to infertility problems. At the same time, it can be assumed that only one third of women who cannot get pregnant consult a doctor. Thus, if you take data from any year, you can calculate that in the United Kingdom 90 thousand women cannot get pregnant.

At the beginning of this decade, medical institutions found that only 15% of women suffering from infertility, conventional treatment methods lead to positive results. It is likely that this figure could double due to advances in science. In addition, it has been found that various alternative techniques can also lead to good results. Holistic medicine uses traditional and alternative treatment. Holistic medicine is believed to double the chances of a couple wanting to have a child.

The problem of infertility, like other problems, should be studied and solved; find a way Treatment methods are necessary on three levels of human existence: body, mind and spirit, and at the same time remember that the causes of infertility can be in both a woman and a man.

HOW TO CORRECTLY DETERMINE THE TIME OF CONCEPTION
Average duration menstrual cycle is 28 days. Of course, there are different deviations: for some women this cycle can last up to 40 days, while for others it is only three weeks. Typically, the egg is ready for fertilization about 14 days before your next period. For women who have a regular menstrual cycle, it is easy to calculate this period. Others determine it using a urine test or vaginal discharge. Such tests can be purchased at any pharmacies in the city. Another way is to measure body temperature. Typically the temperature rises by half a degree. That is, measure and record your temperature. Record the results in a temperature map and find out when this rise occurs (see example).

Partners should remember that an egg is not released every month or during every period. They should not be discouraged when tests do not show the desired results for several months.

Name ______________________________________________________
Address _____________________________________________________

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Whatever differences or opposing views a married couple may have, these issues should be discussed by themselves or with their friends and family. If they have not come to any mutual resolution, then I suggest seeking help from a marriage counselor or, in the case of religious differences, a spiritual director.

PREPARATION FOR CONCEPT
All followers of Eastern philosophical trends categorically assert that taking drugs, alcohol and smoking tobacco, which affect nervous system, can change energy levels. These levels pass through the meridians, or energy channels, and any change in them can affect pregnancy.

Toxic substances specifically reduce the qi energy in the human kidneys. This place is believed to be the body's energy storehouse and its main supplier during conception and pregnancy. Each person has his own special likes and dislikes, some intolerance and even allergic reactions. All this should be provided for before conceiving a child (see chapter Chinese and Oriental Medicine).

For conception to occur successfully, two factors are needed: healthy sperm and a healthy egg. Their meeting is the key successful conception. Nutrition for both partners is also of utmost importance. Toxins that affect both sperm and eggs include tobacco, alcohol, drugs and medications (including birth control pills).

Tobacco

It is known that tobacco is capable of changing the structure of cells. Many studies have confirmed that mothers who smoke are more likely to give birth to babies prematurely and with low birth weight. If you smoke, your baby is exposed to tobacco components at various stages of pregnancy or conception. A smoking father who is planning to have a child is more likely to cause various abnormalities in his unborn child than a smoking mother, since changes in his sperm may occur. Sperm may lose their motility.

A woman should not smoke at least one month before trying to get pregnant, and a man should not smoke for at least 10 days.

Alcohol

In 1984, I published the results of a study in which I described alcohol syndrome fetus that caused deaths or had a destructive effect on the fetus. This syndrome is often underdiagnosed, but it can be caused by even small amounts of alcohol. Throughout this book I will touch on the topic of alcohol. If you are planning to become pregnant or are already on early stage pregnancy, I advise you to give up alcohol. As for your partner, explain to him that alcohol also has a negative effect on sperm motility.

Don't use alcoholic drinks By at least within 10 days before expected conception.

Medications

Medicines are harmful in any case, but especially during pregnancy. Very few medications prescribed by doctors are safe enough for mother and fetus. In addition, there are very few examples proving the positive impact medicines during conception. Changes at the genetic level are possible, in addition, sometimes the mother cannot feed her child. Medicines, like tobacco and alcohol, negatively affect sperm motility in men.

Unless absolutely necessary, do not take medications for at least a month before conception.

DETOXIFICATION PROCESS BEFORE CONCEPT

If you have established the ovulation period and the days of expected fertilization, I would recommend that you follow the following diet during these days.

Look three day diet on detoxification and the seven-day semi-starvation diet in Chapter 7. Follow these diets for at least one week before your period appears and continue for 10 days before your next period. You can follow the Hai diet (see chapter 7), it will help keep the body free of alkalis and toxins.

Vitamins and additional microelements

It is fundamentally important that the diet can provide each partner with the entire set of vitamins and microelements. There is no specific nutritional advice for men; they should only consume healthy food. On the other hand, women need additional nutritional elements for at least one month before conception.

Folic acid (400 mg per day) has been found to reduce the incidence of neural tube disorders (problems with the formation of the spinal column).

Take multivitamins and mineral complexes to avoid problems with individual deficiencies that we may not be aware of.

Consult a dietitian to help you establish a healthy eating routine after detox diets and fasting diets.

Get a thorough examination from your doctor.

Consult a homeopath to determine your constitutional type (see section Homeopathy).

CONCEPT ENERGY
The Conception Vessel, or Governing Vessel, is a term often found in Chinese medicine, denotes the flow of energy passing through the pituitary gland, thyroid and pancreas and uterus. More complete information will be given in the future (see chapter The Conception Vessel). If a woman who wants to become pregnant has diseases of the uterus, she should consult a Tibetan or Chinese medicine doctor who practices acupuncture in combination with herbal medicine. The weakness of any of these organs indicates the weakness of the energy current. This may mean that a woman has low energy flow and is predisposed to diabetes and hypothyroidism (low energy levels). thyroid gland) during pregnancy.

POSITIONS AND TECHNIQUES OF SEXUAL INTERACT

It should be noted that the art of sexual courtship has great value for successful conception. Orgasm in a man is expressed by successful ejaculation (ejaculation), but improper sexual intercourse technique leads to premature ejaculation. Female orgasm manifests itself in the form of increased blood flow to the genitals before the onset of orgasm. This is a sign that everything is ready to receive sperm. During orgasm, the blood disperses and congestion in these organs is eliminated, which allows sperm to travel their path faster and easier.

The uterus is normal and the uterus is bent posteriorly

The uterus is in normal position.

Almost vertical position of the uterus.

Therefore, it is advisable when trying to conceive a child that both spouses experience orgasm.

An orgasm experienced by both spouses is not the main condition for successful conception, but it undoubtedly helps this process. Orgasm is a moment of physical, psychological and spiritual bliss. Therefore, if both spouses bring these feelings to each other at the moment of the birth of a new life, then it is better to start from the spiritual, energetic level.

From a practical point of view, position during sexual intercourse also plays an important role. Humans (and some fish) are the only living creatures that copulate while facing each other. Almost all animal copulation processes occur when the female is on all fours and the male is behind. Since the human body has a vertical position, nature had to help him in such a way that the sperm could successfully find its way to the egg. Of all the females, only the female can experience orgasm. This is nature’s plan: to tire, exhaust a woman and force her to lie motionless for some time. At this time, the uterus rises to horizontal position, and thus spermatozoa are easily
reach the egg. But if a woman gets up immediately after intercourse, then the sperm needs to overcome the force of gravity.

A very common condition is called inverted uterus (retroversion). In this position, the body of the uterus is tilted or directed towards the spine. The cervix and external os can automatically move into the front of the vagina. During sexual intercourse, sperm is ejected from the penis at a speed of 136 km/h. If the sperm lands directly on the cervix, this is the best way for sperm to travel from the cervical os to the egg. If the uterus is deviated and the cervix is ​​pushed forward, then the sperm, erupting, hits the back of the fornix and then has to find a way to the cervix, and thus the length of the path increases. Surprisingly, during a woman’s orgasm, the cervix “immerses” in the sperm, thus helping its progress.

A thorough examination by a specialist is possible! give a clear picture of the position of the cervix. If a woman knows in which direction her cervix deviates, then she should maintain a certain position throughout intercourse so that the cervix moves away from the vaginal wall.

DISEASE HISTORY

Patient O. addressed my father, who is now deceased. This was 15 years ago. She was from Cameroon. There she rented various tests in order to determine the cause of her infertility. She also underwent examinations in Switzerland and London, all to no avail.

She eventually turned to a doctor who specializes in alternative treatments. How surprised she was when my father, after spending full examination, wrote it to her homeopathic remedy and advised me to lie on my right side during sexual intercourse. Now I am watching this woman and her family with four children. All of them were conceived in the right lateral position.

INFERTILITY in men

The advice given in this part of the book is appropriate only after a year of regular sexual intercourse without the use of contraception. Approximately 30% of infertility cases are associated with sperm deficiency. Sperm are produced in the testicles and pass into seminal fluid, which is produced in another part of the testicles and prostate gland. This fluid helps nourish motile sperm, which carry male genes. In addition, there are other pathological problems such as testicular swelling, hormonal imbalance, and sometimes even infection can cause decreased sperm production and motility.

The first thing required for treatment in case of infertility of a married couple is to do a sperm analysis and make sure that it is normal. These tests are safe and can be performed quickly. The man himself collects sperm for analysis. He may also have a blood test to check hormonal balance if the sperm count is low and sperm motility is reduced. If the results are incorrect for any reason, then you can adhere to the following recommendations.

Having solved the problem of infertility in men, you should pay attention to the causes of infertility in women.

Donate sperm for analysis after three days of abstinence from sexual intercourse

Avoid wearing tight shorts and pants.

Take 2 g of Korean, Chinese or Tibetan ginseng twice a day.

Believe it or not, six oysters, lean red meat and crab can help. The main element they contain is zinc. And zinc promotes sperm motility and production. Alternatively, you can take 5mg of zinc per 30cm of your height before bed.

The following elements can be taken daily with food in divided doses per 30 cm of height: beta-carotene (3000 IU), vitamin C (1 g) and vitamin E (100 IU).

Relieve stress (see section Stress). Adrenaline reduces sperm production.

Try reflexology. Gentle pressure should be applied to the area of ​​the feet, where the points of the testicles, adrenal glands and pituitary gland are represented.

Extend lovemaking before ejaculation.

Seek advice and treatment from an alternative health practitioner if you are unable to conceive after one year.

INFERTILITY IN A WOMAN

As with men, women should not worry about infertility in advance unless they have been sexually active for a year, provided they have not used contraception. But if you are over 38 and want to get pregnant, then you should contact medical care after six months. Women have the same problem as men - the production of a viable egg.

Girls are born with a limited number of eggs in each ovary. By the time the first menstruation begins, chemical changes begin to occur in a girl's body. They trigger the process of egg maturation. Thanks to special chemical mechanism"Displacement" usually only one egg matures each month in both ovaries, and it moves down the fallopian tube (oviduct). There are many reasons to explain the process of non-ripening of the egg: nutrition, infections, stress, hormonal

changes and pathology of the ovaries. Problems also arise from a practical point of view. Once the egg enters the fallopian tube, it must travel a huge distance that can be compared to walking from Lodon to Munich. The peristaltic wave-like movements of the tube help push the egg towards the uterus. In most cases, fertilization occurs in the tube, so the sperm needs to be very mobile to pass through this long way to the egg. Infections can scar the fallopian tubes, and diseases such as endometriosis can interfere with the movement of sperm and eggs. Now it is clear that there are many problems associated with the structure of the genital organs, which create a barrier between the germ cells.

HORMONAL PROBLEMS

If general state the couple's health was checked and nothing was found; significant deviations, the doctor may order additional testing. The wife has diseases such as diabetes and disorders:

functioning of the thyroid gland may change the overall picture, and in this case it is necessary to carry out full analysis blood to check hormone levels in the body.

If the analysis does not confirm any abnormalities, then blood is taken for it at certain points in the cycle. The content of the following hormones is checked:

Estrogen and progesterone

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Prolactin hormone

Estrogen and progesterone are very necessary in the process of preparing the uterus for the attachment of a fertilized egg. The role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is that it helps the egg to fully develop and mature in the ovary, and the role of luteinizing hormone is to release the egg from the ovary and release it into the fallopian tube. Prolactin is formed to prepare the female breast for the process of lactation (milk production). Excessive levels of prolactin, usually caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, can interfere with pregnancy. This is why during lactation and breastfeeding Pregnancies are almost rare.

If you have identified problems at the hormonal level, you should not be treated without the recommendation of specialists involved in both traditional methods of treatment and non-traditional doctors.

The gynecologist must know and monitor any changes in hormonal problems.

You may also benefit from herbal medicine, homeopathy or nutritional therapy (see Chapter 9). It is possible for a doctor to prescribe natural estrogens and progesterones.

Visualization (the process of creating a visual image) and meditation can also help you.

If you have a stressful, restless condition, consult a medical consultant.

OBSTRUCTION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES

One of the most common causes of infertility is adhesive process fallopian tubes. Therefore, first the doctor may prescribe laparoscopy (examination of organs using an endoscope). This operation usually requires general anesthesia. A small incision is made under the navel and a thin, flexible probe is inserted through it. This allows the surgeon to examine the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures. A special dye is injected through the cervix, and then the surgeon observes the flow of this dye from the open ends of the fallopian tubes. This process is called hysterosalpinography. If tubal obstruction is detected, it can be treated surgically, as well as polycystic ovary condition, a disease in which the surface of the ovary contains many fluid-filled cystic formations. This disease is usually associated with hormonal imbalances.

Ideally, before undergoing this invasive procedure, I would recommend seeing a doctor who specializes in alternative ways treatment. If you do not get tested, it will be difficult to diagnose tubal obstruction. The only factor contributing to the diagnosis is infectious diseases that the woman suffered. In addition, doctors who can recognize the cause of the disease by the pulse claim that they can help in this case. The obstruction of the pipes can be confirmed using another method - Kirlian photography.

Tibetan and Chinese herbs prescribed by a medical specialist can help you.

Take Silica 30 dilution twice daily for two weeks only*.

Create an image using visualization method little man with a pick-hoe passing through the fallopian “tunnel”*.

* There is an urgent need to consult an osteopathic doctor.

* Polarity therapy and the Alexander technique can affect the position of the tubes and relieve obstructions.

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND INFERTILITY TREATMENT

You should not rush to conclusions, but patiently wait for the results of any analysis. If a married couple cannot have a child, then you should seek help from a doctor who uses traditional methods treatment. These methods have some success, while all holistic medicine methods automatically improve the overall condition of the person or the area of ​​the body that needs to be treated either with drugs or surgery.

Any structural difficulties, e.g. scar changes in pipes or other adhesion process, occur as a result surgical intervention. Behind Lately Scientific techniques are increasingly being developed, and therefore they contribute to more successful unblocking of the microscopic lumens of the fallopian tubes. Hormonal imbalance can also be corrected with chemicals and medications, such as clomiphene, that promote fertilization. But these drugs usually have side effects, although they provide a relatively favorable outcome. Most women are unhappy with such medications. I consider them as last chance, and not as the first step in treatment. In any case, to reduce unwanted side effects You can use the recommendations of non-traditional methods.

If you are going to take medications prescribed by a traditional doctor, also consult a naturopathic doctor who can give you advice on how to avoid side effects.

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

If none of the treatment methods leads to positive results, experts in this case consider it possible to use special technique artificial insemination. This is how the term “test tube baby” came about. With this method, a child develops from an egg implanted in the uterus, which was artificially fertilized in a test tube. To do this, a mature egg is taken from a woman’s ovary using a special laparoscopic procedure. It is performed after medication is injected into the ovary to produce eggs. The mature eggs are then fertilized with the sperm of the spouse or donor in a laboratory setting. After this, the fertilized eggs are placed in the uterus and nature begins its process. At this time, the uterus is prepared for implantation using a specially prescribed admission program hormonal drugs.

There is another method called “gamete transfer into the fallopian tube.” In this case, the egg is also extracted from the ovary. It is then placed into the fallopian tube with donor sperm. If fertilization occurs here, the fertilized egg moves along the fallopian tube in a natural way to the uterus for fixation.

The results of such methods of fertilization are not the same in different clinics. A positive result occurs only in 20% of cases. One in seven pregnancies is carried to term and the baby is born alive. I hope these numbers will increase as fertilization techniques improve. It should also be noted that there is always a risk when performing any procedure.

Before deciding on artificial insemination, consult a doctor who uses unconventional methods treatment.

Before performing invasive procedures, read the Operations and Surgery chapter.

PSYCHOLOGY OF CONCEPT

If you decide to have a baby, you should know that there are many psychological factors that you will encounter. For both men and women, the decision to have a child and a family is

Olga Kaver, procedural and systemic therapist, constellation specialist: I am often asked to prepare for IVF psychologically, to “clear my head” before this important and expensive procedure, because if there have already been several attempts and all of them were unsuccessful, then most likely it’s not just a matter of egg replanting and retrieval technologies ...

It's really not just a matter of medical technologies. And for me, an important milestone in the development of our attitude towards infertility was that in leading IVF clinics, doctors began their movement towards this understanding. IVF is more than a medical operation or manipulation. In the case of IVF, we are dealing with human life, the human soul, and according to statistics, even in the case of ICSI, when a sperm is placed inside an egg, it comes in 30-35% of cases on the first try. Why this happens is the topic of a separate article, but now I want to talk about the pitfalls, knowing which, you can easily get around them. And ignorance leads to different results, often sad.

What is an in vitro fertilization procedure? What does it consist of?

IVF usually consists of three main phases:

1. The so-called IVF protocol, when multiple ovulations are stimulated in a woman using hormonal drugs. Goal: get as many healthy eggs as possible.
2. Then the eggs are extracted using a puncture and fertilized in a special nutrient medium with the husband's sperm.
3. Next, doctors monitor the development of the resulting embryos. And on days 3 and 5 after fertilization, embryo transfer procedures into the woman’s uterus are possible.

Let's see what pitfalls we can encounter at each stage of IVF.

I’ll immediately make a reservation that the information was obtained from my experience working with clients at the “I Want a Child” trainings, in individual counseling, conducting systemic constellations and my own research in this area. What I say may initially cause a shock reaction, but in my experience of constellation work, system dynamics develop this way. I am currently finishing a book on this topic.

So on first stage There is hormonal stimulation and, as a final step, egg puncture.

It is important to understand here that all the eggs that will be obtained are important to preserve for fertilization with the husband’s sperm. Sometimes there are so many eggs that doctors suggest donating or selling them as donor eggs women who ovulate due to menopause, age or hereditary causes impossible. What are the consequences of consent to egg transfer?

The egg is 50% of your future child. By transferring it to another woman for fertilization, you are transferring half of your child. And with your entire family system and its dynamics, you join the family system of this woman and her partner, whose sperm will fertilize your egg. Your family systems will now and forever be invisibly connected by system dynamics flowing into each other.

What is a family system:

• The family system is the collection of people through whom we got our life.

Who is in your family system:

From one point of view everything is very simple. Our family system is what we call our clan, our direct ancestors. This is both true and false. All our ancestors, our parents, our grandparents, great-grandparents are part of our family system. But our family system also includes several other groups of people who are important to us and have influenced our destiny. Who is this?

So, the family system includes:

1. We ourselves.
2. Partner.
3. Our parents.
4. Our brothers and sisters.
5. Our grandparents.
6. Our great-grandparents are influenced by ancestors up to the 4th (great-great-), and sometimes up to the 7th generation (great-great-great-great-). In very rare cases, up to the 10th generation.
7. Former partners of our ancestors.
8. The sacrifices of our ancestors.
9. Aggressors who caused serious harm to our ancestors.
10. Unborn children of the participants in the family system listed in paragraphs 1-9.
11. All early deceased children of the family system participants listed in paragraphs 1-9.

Participants in your family system can become sources of system dynamics.

What is system dynamics:

• System dynamics is an algorithm of behavior of participants in the family system, transmitted by inheritance. System dynamics are rarely independently recognized by the performer of a family scenario.

The system dynamics of the family to which your eggs will be transferred will influence your unborn child, and you will most likely never know what kind of family it is - egg transfer is an anonymous and confidential procedure.

What could this lead to?

Let's assume that after the IVF procedure, you and your husband give birth to the child you wanted. When he grows up a little, he will unconsciously look around for his missing brother or sister. This dynamics is similar to the dynamics of the one who disappeared on early twin

Why is this happening? Children usually feel very subtly that someone in the family system is missing. The younger a person is, the more sensitive he is usually to observing the laws of the family system. One of the basic laws of the family system is the law of completeness of the family system.

It reads:

• The law of completeness of the family system - each participant in the family system has an equal right to belong to the family system.

Children feel well that there is someone else in their family system: a brother or sister, born (or even unborn, but an embryo that has lived to at least the blastocyst stage), and they begin to look for him next to them. Sometimes this manifests itself in the child acting restless and capricious, and sometimes this leads to the appearance of “imaginary friends.”

What to do?

Most likely, you will not be able to find this family - this is confidential information. But the situation is made easier by telling the child about his possible brother or sister. Sometimes, I advise you to write a letter with your child to the person he is looking for. The sooner such a conversation takes place, the easier it will be. If the child continues to worry and seems to be looking for someone, then it is recommended to do a constellation on behalf of the child. Until adulthood, parents have every right to do this.

On second stage The eggs are fertilized with the husband's sperm.

1. All resulting embryos are considered children. In the full sense of the word.

Even if the embryo lives for several minutes. Even a few seconds.

1. When going for IVF, you undertake to take all the resulting embryos in one way or another.

This is the most difficult moment to realize!

Even if as a result of fertilization 25 developing embryos, when you go through the IVF procedure, you realize that you will need to take them all during your life.

Why?

In my work experience, any embryo is considered by the family system as full-fledged child. And then, if we received 25 embryos, then we will be implanted with 2 at a time, maximum 3. According to the law.

If the desired pregnancy occurs after this attempt, you are expecting one child. Congratulations! This is very good result the first time. But... you lost at least one child in the process. If 2 embryos were implanted and one was implanted, then one embryo is lost. In this case, for the family system it is considered equivalent to a miscarriage.

How does miscarriage affect the family system?

If the miscarriage was mourned by the parents, mourning was carried out for it, then the miscarriage does not affect the further process of childbearing in the family. The ritual of remembrance and mourning gives the child a place in the system. Usually, after a miscarriage occurs, the parents are not given the body of the child, that is, there is no burial place where they can go and pay tribute to the memory. And this is a very important ritual. Important first of all for you. And this is also a big separate topic.

But you are already pregnant. Will we mourn in this situation?

On the one hand, it is important for a pregnant woman to enjoy every day. It is also very important to be relaxed and trust life. Where to find a place for mourning in this situation?

What to do?

It is important to mentally talk with the departed child. Tell him: “I see you. You are my child and I am your mother. I'm so sorry you couldn't take your life. But in my heart there will always be a huge place for you, as for my child. Now I'm pregnant and waiting for your brother or sister. Please look at him or her with love. When he or she is born, I will definitely tell them about you. When he or she is born and grows up a little, and I have time and energy, I will definitely mourn you as our child.”

And later it is important to fulfill all the promises made.

Another option is to delegate the mourning ritual to the child's father. The child’s father can find an icon of Saint Uar - the only Orthodox saint to whom one can pray for children lost during pregnancy and unbaptized people - and light a candle in memory of the departed child, talk to the candle in a similar way to the monologue given above, only on his own behalf.

There are other options for coping with this dual situation of pregnancy and loss of a child at the same time. I wrote about them in my second book, which will be published by AST publishing house in 2014.

Sperm donation.

Sometimes, fertilization is performed with donor sperm. In this case, a child who is 50% dad and 50% mom inherits both the dynamics of mom and dad's family system. But, if we know everything about mom, then about dad we only know eye color, height, and level of education. Usually, even a photograph cannot be viewed for privacy reasons. It turns out that we do not know which family stories our future child will bear.

What to do?

If there are no other options other than sperm donation, then after the birth of the child it is important to work with the family system of his biological father using the method of systemic constellations. The method allows us to diagnose which system dynamics of the sperm donor’s family system can affect the child.

Therefore, I recommend mentally turning to this man you don’t know with the words: “I see you. You are the biological father of our child. Thank you for the life of our baby. You are the most correct biological father for him. You did everything right for us. I will always have a huge place in my heart for you as the biological father of our child.”

This helps to develop an attitude of respect and acceptance of the child’s biological father, because your child will be half of this person, both genetically and in terms of belonging to his family system. When we do not respect and condemn the biological father of a child, then we do not respect and condemn half of our child. And it is in such situations that system dynamics on the part of the biological father’s family system manifest themselves especially clearly. Most often, these dynamics will be perceived by us as negative. A person is already structured in such a way that he tends to attribute all positive aspects to himself and his family, and turns to a psychologist for help when some kind of “negative” appears in the child’s behavior.

Let's move on to consider the next stage of the in vitro fertilization procedure.

On third stage embryos are transferred into the uterus of the expectant mother.

At this stage, it is important to realize several points:

1. The doctors performing the transfer will most likely be part of your family system. Just like the doctors participating in the sacrament of conception: whose hands connected your egg and your husband’s sperm. And with the ICSI procedure, this happens literally “manually” by one person under a microscope.
2. As a consequence of the previous point, it is very important to choose a doctor not only according to professional qualities, but also according to his psychological sophistication.

Now I will expand on these two points in more detail.

A year ago I watched a very interesting BBC film “BabyMakers”.

Here is the film's page, so far it can only be found in English: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01ps8yc

The journalist spent 3 weeks in a British IVF clinic, asking doctors and medical staff about their feelings during the procedure. And he asked everyone the same questions: “Don’t you feel like God in the process of creating a new life?” and “Do you have children and how do you feel about them?”

The answers were very interesting. For example, a young embryologist answered that she and her boyfriend are not planning children at all, since they are a lot of trouble, and a woman of about fifty, who is involved in embryo transfer, said that she is a convinced childfree person and has never wanted children.

In my humble opinion, a negative attitude towards the process of childbirth is a professional contraindication to work in the system of reproductive technologies. Thoughts influence the result, and the thoughts of such an important person as a doctor influence the result doubly, because a person always unconsciously seeks confirmation of his picture of the world, and if for him “children are hard labor,” then a field is created around such a person with precisely such characteristics. And your future child will appear in this field.

The field created by the specialists present at the time of conception has a significant impact on the outcome of the IVF procedure.

What to do?

Listen to your body when choosing a doctor who will conduct your IVF procedure. Also ask to meet in advance the specialists who will directly carry out all stages of this process, right down to the nurse. Ask if they have children, and if not, how they feel about the prospect of having them. When talking, listen your body. After all, your body will be directly involved in pregnancy, and half of your child is in it - your egg (except in cases of a donor egg).

The body doesn't lie. Listen to yourself: Are you physically comfortable next to this person? What if he touches you? What if it gets very close? Can you imagine yourself hugging him or her?

Don't be shy to ask questions, this is not a situation where it is better to remain silent.

I would like to separately express my respect and gratitude to the doctors who deal with such important and complex procedure like IVF. I really respect your work and am ready for cooperation. In this topic, speaking about the importance of your condition during the procedure, I do not intend to infringe on your dignity. Rather, I believe that doctors and psychologists are in the same situation in this matter: without personal work, so as not to harm the patient or client, it is very difficult to work as both a psychologist and a doctor.

The topic of choosing “your” doctor (as well as “your” psychologist) is a very big one, for now I’ll put an ellipsis here...

And, in conclusion, I want to consider the issue of conception with the help of a surrogate mother.

Surrogate mother.

From what you have read, you probably already understand that this woman will be part of your family system, because it is impossible to pay for life with money. You will be connected forever.

Therefore, it is important to choose a surrogate mother not only based on health parameters, but also ask her about her family, parents, grandparents, great-grandparents. Ask not only from the point of view of who died, from what and when, but to clarify questions such as:

- how did it turn out? family life in different ancestors of the surrogate mother;

— there were early childhood deaths as a result of illness or accidents;

- how many miscarriages, non-developing or ectopic pregnancies was in the family system of the surrogate mother, both in her and in her ancestors;

— whether there were any abortions in the surrogate mother’s family system and whether she performed them herself.

This is far from full list questions that are important to ask the future surrogate mother.

Another option is to come together with the candidate surrogate mother for a constellation in order to diagnose which aspects of her personal and family history may affect the course and outcome of the pregnancy. And how this may affect your child in the future.

You can make an arrangement without the participation of a surrogate mother, but in such cases, we cannot always see all the options for the development of events - we need the consent of the woman herself who is preparing to bear your unborn child. And it is important for us to respect her right to privacy.

According to statistics, today almost every second couple cannot get pregnant, and therefore have to resort to a procedure such as artificial insemination. Naturally It is impossible to conceive a baby for a number of reasons, and the main one is infertility, which most parents are diagnosed with. It is worth noting that treating infertility is much more expensive than artificial insemination, and therefore it is better to use this 100% method than to be treated in different ways for a long time, take pills and not have confidence in the future. There are different methods of how to get pregnant, but each of them should be carried out only under the guidance of a specialist who can provide competent and individual approach, as well as a guarantee of achieving the set goal.

Existing types of fertilization

Types of fertilization, or in other words, the procedure for conceiving a baby, can be different, since it all depends on the physiology of the parents and the presence or absence of certain problems.

Namely, conception can be:

• Artificial;
• Natural;
• External;
• Internal.

If everything is clear with the second point, then there is still a lot of controversy regarding the first. To be more precise, there are those people who reject insemination and IVF because they consider it an interference with nature, and there are those who have dedicated their lives to researching these ways to help parents become human.

Medical artificial insemination: what is it?

The various ways in which an egg is artificially fertilized is generally called insemination. During this procedure, sperm is introduced into the lumen fallopian tubes or directly into the uterine cavity.

Conception, therefore, is done if:

1. Men have health problems such as impotence, hypospadias, and lack of ejaculation or sluggish sperm.
2. A woman has pathologies in the development of the cervix.
3. The girl is diagnosed with vaginismus, which cannot be treated.
4. There is mucus in the cervical cavity that can disarm sperm.

Before artificial insemination is performed, a process of examining the sperm of the man and the female reproductive system is carried out. This is required to accurately identify the cause of infertility.

Insemination is carried out 2-3 times per cycle, and the procedure can be repeated at least 3 cycles in a row.

If the study yields a result in the form of sperm pathology, for example, their absence or sluggishness in their activity, then in this case they are looking for a donor or, in other words, a person who will fit all the parameters of the parents’ requests, will be able to give his seed and will not have any the right to an unborn child and even the opportunity to meet him. Sperm is injected into the uterine cavity using a special syringe, and this helps to bypass all the obstacles and dangers that kill sperm.

How to do artificial insemination

Insemination of women is not a difficult process for modern specialists, but careful preparation is required. First, the man’s entire body is examined, and this must be done a couple of months before the day of planned conception. After this period, a woman undergoes stimulation of ovulation, which requires special medications.

Typically used:

• Menopur;
• Gonal-f;
• Puregon.

Only one remedy is used, which must be taken strictly at specific times. Administration is carried out intravenously and subcutaneously. The entire process of egg growth is carried out under the supervision of a specialist, due to ultrasound examination and tracking hormone levels.

The drugs contribute to the maturation of the egg, not just one, but several at once.

This is what increases the likelihood that 2 people will finally have children. A puncture of the ovarian follicle is required, and if laparoscopy is required, anesthesia is required local action. The entire diagnostic process is carried out under ultrasound control, which eliminates the possibility of harm to the female reproductive system. The needle for sampling is inserted through the cavity Bladder or through the vagina. Once the eggs are collected, they are placed in a special thermostat, in which they are further cultured.

Next, the male semen is taken, in which the sperm are artificially separated from the seminal fluid, as well as processed and placed in the incubator. After this, they are attached to the egg, and as soon as they are fertilized, they choose the most suitable ones. The remaining cells are frozen. Throughout this period, the woman needs to take progesterone and estrogen. Due to these hormones, a favorable atmosphere is created for the implantation of zygotes and their adaptation to new living conditions. As a rule, 3 zygotes are taken, of which 2 are attached to the uterine cavity, and the rest are simply placed in it. The result of this treatment can be seen within 2 weeks by simply taking a pregnancy test.

Stages of artificial insemination at home

There are many specialists who can be contacted to carry out a procedure such as extra corporal insemination, for example, Autleva Susanna Ruslanovna and others, but modern women are interested in why this cannot be done at home? It is worth noting that now it is indeed quite possible to carry out in vitro fertilization at home, and the procedure will resemble the most ordinary sexual intercourse, only without the participation of a man.

To carry out this procedure, you will also need to undergo a preliminary examination to exclude:

• Pathologies;
• Diseases;
• Other reasons why natural conception does not occur.

Just as in a clinical setting, it is necessary to remove the exact date conception, for example, by taking a hormone test or a special ovulation test. To carry out artificial insemination and do it yourself, it is important to remember that the activity of sperm is only 2 hours. It cannot be frozen at home or simply stored in a separate bag; therefore, it simply will not work to create conditions like in a hospital.

The main methods of artificial insemination

There are different reviews about whether artificial insemination with a successful result is possible, but it is worth noting that specialists have their own success statistics, since they have their own specific indicators.

In studies of cats and dogs, they were able to carry out fertilization successfully up to 100%.

Why is fertilization called corporate? Because when an egg is implanted into the uterus, several zygotes are used at once, which can completely survive everything, which will cause the birth of twins or triplets.

Fertilization methods are different, but:

1. They must be carried out under the guidance of a specialist.
2. The process can only be carried out after thorough research.
3. The result will be achieved only if all doctors' recommendations are followed.

Semen should be used immediately after ejaculation, and a syringe without a needle is used for injection, and in addition, a special vaginal dilator can be used.

It is strictly forbidden to inject sperm directly into the uterine cavity, as it should not penetrate the sterile cavity. The likelihood that home insemination will be successful is very small, and hope for positive result It’s not worth it too much, so as not to be disappointed later.

Current types of artificial insemination

In general, the fertilization process itself is not too complicated. The seed is placed in the woman's genital tract. You need to wait until fertilization occurs. The egg is implanted into the cavity of the uterine wall, and the natural development of the fetus begins. This method of fertilization eliminates the formation of several or, in other words, extra embryos. How quickly a positive result will be achieved directly depends on concomitant diseases namely chronic type that parents have.

In some cases, women have a pathology such as the absence of menstruation at all, and therefore preliminary testing is required to determine the onset of ovulation or its absence.

As a rule, it is not recommended to have sexual intercourse after fertilization, as this can cause rejection of the implanted sperm, and the uterus will simply be in shock. This will provoke menstruation, and all procedures will not work. During the period of preparation for fertilization and directly during and after it, you need to be as careful as possible and try as best as possible to protect the uterus from exposure to bacteria and the body from viruses. As a rule, fertilization with a successful result makes it possible to undergo pregnancy without complications.

Artificial fertilization can be extrapolar, as well as insemination.

Each method is considered:

• Effective;
• In demand;
• Carefully thought out.

They differ from each other in the way sperm enters the uterine cavity and how it is recruited. Only a specialist available at each center can advise who needs such fertilization reproductive medicine. Options to carry out fertilization for free are completely excluded, since it requires the use of expensive equipment and the work of highly qualified doctors, which costs quite a lot.

IN last years Numerous reviews and statistical reports have reported on the decline in human reproduction and discussed the consequences of this phenomenon. However, the problem can be solved thanks to advances modern medicine, especially genetics. Experimental genetics gives us the opportunity to cope with infertility in humans.

Christian ethics is seriously concerned with the resulting ethical issues. One of them is artificial insemination, which includes artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization.

Both in Greece and in other countries where artificial insemination is practiced, a paradoxical phenomenon is observed: a large number of women turn to the doctor to get rid of unwanted pregnancy(it is estimated that 200,000 abortions are performed in Greece annually), while many families spend a lot of time and money to realize their dream of having a child. To do this, the latter resort to various methods of artificial insemination.

The Orthodox Church still does not have an official point of view on this issue. But, on the other hand, Christian ethics also does not have a clearly expressed position on this matter. Nevertheless, some Orthodox theologians are striving to develop it. In light of the flow of discoveries and changes in existing scientific advances in genetics, the ethical assessment of new methods of fertilization becomes a difficult task. Ignorance often leads to either condemnation of the methods used, or to their unconditional approval for the purpose of procreation.

We consider homologous artificial insemination or homologous in vivo fertilization (i.e., the sperm and eggs of only the spouses are used) to be one of the methods of artificial insemination acceptable from a church point of view, since in this case the germ cells of third parties are not involved.

On the contrary, the use of donor sperm or eggs (heterologous fertilization) creates serious problems and raises objections from the point of view of Christian Orthodox ethics. Orthodox theologians unanimously reject it on the grounds that the involvement of outsiders calls into question the legitimacy of the married couple and their offspring. Moreover, this type of artificial insemination is considered by them as a special form of adultery, and some theologians go so far as to talk about the falsification of humanity.

Human life is recognized and respected from the moment of conception. For this reason, in vitro fertilization cannot but be accepted with difficulty. Very often, replacing God with a medical specialist is viewed with suspicion.

When a fetus is conceived in a test tube, carried by a surrogate mother and given to an infertile couple, it may have five (5) parents and one (1) “godfather” - a doctor who regulates and controls the entire reproductive process.

Orthodox theologians who have studied the issue of artificial insemination state that homologous artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization can only be acceptable if all fertilized eggs are transplanted into the mother's womb. Encouraging new method fertilization - intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In this case, the sperm is used not from the donor, but from the husband, even if the latter suffers from azoospermia. However, the transmission of defective genes to future generations makes this method unsuitable from a biological point of view.

Be that as it may, the influence of new genetic techniques on the creation of a new type of family is an alarming phenomenon. For example, when in vitro fertilization makes it possible for homosexual couples to have children, Christian ethics cannot but reject this possibility. The same applies to human cloning techniques. In general, freezing embryos (cryopreservation) and experiments with them are unacceptable from an ethical point of view.

Thus, the acceptance or rejection of artificial insemination depends on the degree of medical intervention in the area that Christians consider God's destiny. This view is shared by many people who have been unable to resolve their infertility problems, either due to lack of awareness or mistrust of new methods of artificial insemination.

1) The problem of infertility affects a growing number of married couples;

2) Since the issue of artificial insemination raises many issues, such as respect for human life from the moment of conception and the sanctity of the human person, Christian ethics must carefully familiarize itself with the new achievements of genetics before speaking for or against them;

3) People need to be better informed. The media can play an important role by reporting new techniques clearly and accurately, without sensationalism that masks the “truth of facts.”

4) A reserved attitude towards new biomedical achievements is understandable and natural. However, genetics can give us a lot. It would be unfair to talk only about the dangers of human cloning and experimentation with human embryos, forgetting that thanks to medical advances, numerous psychological and social problems associated with infertility and sterility can be solved;

5) Artificial insemination can be acceptable from a church point of view only when the sex cells of only the spouses are used and excess embryos are not created, which are usually destroyed after long-term storage in a frozen state. There is only concern about obtaining sperm, but this is not an insoluble ethical problem;

6) The use of sperm or egg donors creates insurmountable ethical barriers to the adoption of artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization methods. Moreover, if the problem of miscarriage is solved through surrogacy, then such a solution is unacceptable;

7) Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization methods are ethically unacceptable if they are practiced outside of marriage, for example by single women and homosexual couples. Moreover, the use of in vitro fertilization for human embryo experimentation, cloning, and eugenics poses serious ethical problems;

8) The main goal of the intervention should be the interests of the unborn child, and not the treatment of marital infertility. When a child is adopted, they first find out the social characteristics of the adoptive parents (their level of income, age, health, etc.). You should also approach artificial insemination to avoid the appearance of offspring from elderly parents;

9) Orthodox theology gives prospects and sets boundaries within which it is possible to solve the problem of infertility. If the spouses do not ignore God's will and believe in His omnipotence, then acceptable solutions can be found for obtaining offspring artificially.

Vasily Fanaras, Doctor of Theology.