Can uterine cancer be cured? Etiology and risk factors for cancer of the internal female genitalia. What are the symptoms of uterine cancer

Today, cancer is considered the most common cause of death in the age group under 70 years. Every year, every fourth patient dies worldwide. Uterine cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among women it ranks fourth, with more than 500 thousand patients falling ill with it every year. A disease not recognized in time is not enough competent treatment can lead to death. However, in the arsenal of modern doctors huge selection reliable diagnostic methods, with which you can detect the disease at a very early stage. Today, uterine cancer is being treated, and successfully - this is evidenced by inexorable statistics. Of course, there are patients with advanced forms of the disease. One of the reasons for this is a late visit to the doctor. The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that at an early stage the disease is asymptomatic. A woman often does not suspect that she is sick and comes to the doctor about some other disease.

Is uterine cancer curable? Every woman probably asks this question after hearing cancer diagnosis. Today we can say that uterine cancer is curable. Moreover, for a disease detected on, gentle treatment methods can be used. Gone are therapies whose side effects terrified patients. The latest chemotherapy drugs, in which undesirable effects are minimized, radiation methods that act only on the tumor, without affecting healthy tissue... Today, organ-conserving surgery is not uncommon. Moreover, women of reproductive age can become pregnant after some time. For successful treatment you need very little - attention to your health. It is enough to undergo a preventive examination 1-2 times a year. But some women believe that nothing bad can happen to them; others simply do not have enough time, and a visit to the doctor is postponed until later. And some are simply afraid of possible examination. The reasons are different, but the result is the same - a health risk. Women who belong to a high-risk group should be especially wary.

Causes of the disease

Factors influencing the occurrence of the disease:

• Late menopause, early onset of menstruation
• Infertility, lack of childbirth, numerous abortions
• Use of oral contraceptives
• Precancerous conditions: ulcers, erosion, inflammatory processes, polyposis, fibroids, mucosal hyperplasia
• Early onset of sexual relations, having multiple sexual partners, venereal diseases, infection with human papillomavirus
• Diabetes, hypertonic disease, obesity
• Poor nutrition, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, heavy physical activity
• Hereditary factors

Today it may seem surprising, but American researchers warned about harmful factors that can cause cancer at the end of the last century. Poor nutrition, the presence of carcinogenic substances in products, unfavorable ecology, burdened heredity - unfortunately, the situation is only getting worse every year.

The worst thing is that some patients refuse to undergo treatment or, using different unconventional methods, they are trying to treat themselves, bombarding all kinds of healers with questions about whether uterine cancer can be cured. As a result, the lack of qualified medical care and lost time lead to irreparable consequences. But all you need to do is consult a doctor. Modern medicine has achieved amazing results, which is not surprising - oncology is currently one of the highest priority areas. However, it is impossible to single out any specific treatment method as the most effective. In the treatment of oncological pathologies, an integrated approach is important, and it is possible to choose the right treatment tactics only in specialized clinics. Only then should one expect a successful cure.

The five-year survival rate with timely treatment reaches 96%. But a disease diagnosed at a late stage is much less treatable and only no more than 60% of patients survive.

Article outline

Uterine cancer is one of the most common diseases in gynecological oncology. The pathological process develops in the endometrium, different types of cells are involved in it, and then it begins to spread throughout the body, affecting other organs and systems. It is most often detected in older women (after 40–45 years, the main risk group is 55–65 years), but in recent years there has been a trend toward “rejuvenation”—cases are recorded in patients under 30.

There are several reasons for the occurrence of this pathology; they will be described in detail. In gynecology, they are divided into separate group– which, in the absence of adequate treatment, lead to the degeneration of cells into atypical ones. This is how the formation of the primary tumor occurs. Subsequently, more and more tissues and organs are involved in the pathological process, and metastases appear. By histological feature the disease is divided into different types. But the main method is the international classification, which is based on the size of the tumor and the degree of its spread.

It is important for women of any age to know what the first signs and symptoms may indicate the onset of a pathological process. Since uterine cancer, regardless of the type of pathology, can develop quite rapidly, you should first pay attention to any spotting or bleeding. This symptom is a sign of a variety of gynecological problems and is dangerous in itself. IN in this case, it is characteristic of the period of transition from precancer to oncology, and can also be an independent signal of the development of the disease.

Patients who have already been diagnosed are concerned about the prospects: how quickly does the transition from mild stage to a more severe one, how to treat it and whether it can be cured at all. I am interested in what is the survival rate after surgery, the possibility of relapses, etc. Let's look at all these problems in detail. But before that, let us once again remind you of the importance of prevention and regular visits to the gynecologist. The disease rarely occurs spontaneously; it is usually preceded by other pathologies. Their timely detection and taking care of your health (including a routine visit to the gynecologist) is necessary to minimize the risks of cancer in the female reproductive system.

Cancer concept, statistics

What is uterine cancer? This is a pathological process that develops in the cells of the inner epithelial layer (endometrium) and leads to their degeneration into atypical ones. And in the future - to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Accordingly, the normal functioning of the organ is disrupted, as cancer cells replace healthy ones. All tumors are divided into groups (stages of the disease) according to the system generally accepted in oncology (according to the degree of development, the presence of metastases, etc.). In gynecology, it is also customary to distinguish and consider separately:

• Cervical cancer: this pathology is isolated as a separate disease; the primary tumor develops directly on the cervix, and can subsequently grow both towards the vagina and towards the uterus itself.
• cancer of the uterus: in this case we are talking about damage to the mucous or muscular lining of the uterus. Depending on what type of cells was initially involved in the pathological process, several types of malignant tumors are also distinguished.

In this article we will consider in detail the oncology of the uterus itself; the pathology of the cervix will be discussed separately in the article cervical cancer.

Pathological proliferation of endometrial cells leads to the development of a cancerous tumor. Scientifically – uterine carcinoma, from lat. cancer uteri. In gynecological oncology, the following types of tumors are distinguished (classification is based on histology):

• endometrial cancer of the uterus (scientifically called)
• leiomysarcoma - the pathological process begins in the muscle tissue of the organ.
• sarcoma (degeneration of connective tissue);
• glandular squamous cell carcinoma;
• clear cell;
• mucinous;
• serous;
• undifferentiated.

In fact, cells of any type can degenerate. Depending on how differentiated the cellular structures are, low-, medium- and highly differentiated neoplasms are distinguished.

According to statistics, cancer most often turns out to be adenocarcinoma. It can be hormonal (more common) or an autonomous type of development. In the first case, there is a connection between hormonal disorders, in the second, no obvious cause is identified; the provoking factors are standard causes for oncology (for example, hereditary predisposition).

According to statistics, in the structure of all cancer diseases, uterine pathology occupies about 3%, if we take only female population– up to 7.7% of total number. Hormonal type tumors prevail over autonomous ones (ratio approximately 70%:30%). By age: most patients are over 40, more often detected at a later age ( average- about 60 years old).

Causes and risk factors

According to the gradation into autonomous and hormone-dependent types of oncology, the causes of uterine cancer may be associated with hormonal imbalance or develop as a result of exposure to other provoking factors. It should be understood that they only increase the risk of developing pathology, but are not the direct cause of the degeneration of cells into atypical ones. As with other cancers, there is no single mechanism. What causes cancer in each patient is determined individually; during diagnosis, all possible sources of influence on the cells are taken into account.

Risk factors for developing cancer are:

• Age-related changes. In this case we are talking about processes that are somehow related to the function reproductive system: late menopause or too early maturation.
• Endocrine pathologies. Since the cause may be the degeneration of background and precancerous conditions of the uterus with a hormone-dependent etiology, this reason considered one of the main ones.
• Among endocrine pathologies, provoking the development of cancer, indicate: polycystic ovary syndrome (more than 12 follicles). It develops as a result of an imbalance of male and female hormones, as a result of which the menstrual cycle is disrupted and typical male secondary sexual characteristics appear (rough voice, abnormal hair growth, abdominal fat, etc.). An additional risk factor is obesity.
• Obesity due to hormonal disorders increases the risk of developing cancer by 2–3 times. The same result occurs when the diet is violated, if fatty foods predominate in the diet, as a result of which cancer can develop against the background of obesity resulting from poor nutrition and overeating.
• Long-term use of some hormonal drugs. Hormone therapy is not always considered a provoking factor. For example, when taking contraceptives with big amount progestins, the risk is reduced by an average of 2 times. But long-term hormone replacement therapy in women over 55 years old, on the contrary, increases it by 2-3 times. Also negatively affects long-term use medications that block estrogen receptors. Such drugs (for example, Tamoxifen) are prescribed for the treatment of breast cancer, but it is not recommended to use it for more than 2 years, otherwise the risk of damage to the uterus increases significantly (according to some sources, from 2 to 7).
• Hereditary predisposition in women is formed as a tendency to obesity, disorder hormonal functions body, some have cancer in the form of primary multiple tumors.

These are the main influencing factors that can increase the risk of developing a malignant tumor. What else can it develop from? There is information about the onset of the disease against the background of: diabetes mellitus, adenomas of the adrenal cortex. And also when serious illnesses liver, during irradiation of the pelvic organs. Women who have not given birth or who have one child are also included in the risk group.

On this moment These are the main reasons associated with the development of cancer of the uterine body. Of all the above factors, background and precancerous conditions are clearly pathogenic, which sooner or later degenerate into oncology over time. The rest only contribute to abnormal cell development.

Classification

Cancer cells can not only replace healthy ones and form clearly localized tumors, but also spread to neighboring tissues and organs (metastases), involving them in the pathological process. There are several classification options: International, according to the TNM system and the FIGO system, adopted in International Federation obstetricians and gynecologists. Since the International Classification, adopted back in 1971, is used most often, let’s consider how it evaluates a malignant tumor of the uterus.

Distinguish different stages oncology (four in total), there is also zero, which is not included in clinical classification, but is diagnosed as hyperplastic process with suspected malignancy and assessed according to histology. Let's consider all the stages, the definition of which is based on the degree of organ damage.

• Stage 1: the lesion is completely localized in the body of the uterus, the endometrium and myometrium are involved in the process, the size and degree of differentiation of the tumor are also important for classification;
• Stage 2: the tumor spreads not only to the body, but also to the cervix (into the glandular and/or deeper layers);
• Stage 3: further development leads to damage to the vagina, appendages and lymph nodes.
• at stage 4 of uterine cancer: a common oncological process that affects both nearby organs(rectum, bladder), and located far from the primary tumor (liver, bones, lungs, distant lymph nodes).

As is clear from the description, the most dangerous are the last stages, especially stage 4 uterine cancer with metastases. When it comes to damage to lymph nodes distant from the primary tumor, the spread of oncology becomes unpredictable, treatment becomes extremely difficult, and the prognosis becomes unfavorable.

The FIGO classification describes the extent of pathology in more detail. Stage 2 uterine cancer is designated as IIA (with pathology of the glandular layer) and IIB (involving the deep layers of the cervix). At stage 1, the letters indicate the spread of cancer to the endometrium (A) or myometrium (B or C depending on the depth of the lesion).

If stage 3 uterine cancer affects the serosa and/or appendages, we are talking about the onset of the disease at this level (A); if the vagina is involved in the process (metastasis), it is assigned B, and metastasis to nearby lymph nodes is classified as C.

If stage 4 uterine cancer affects the intestines and bladder, it is designated by the letter A, in other cases - B. An additional parameter to describe this period of cancer development is the G index, which indicates the degree of non-squamous growth.

In fact, the entire gradation of tumor development and spread indicates the degree of damage to the body, from the formation of the primary tumor to the distant spread of metastases.

Metastasis

The danger of cancer is not only functional disorders in the functioning of organs and systems caused by the replacement of normal cells with atypical ones. The neoplasm spreads throughout the body, and this becomes too dangerous, as the disease becomes inoperable.

First, the tumor grows into nearby tissues (the organ itself or neighboring ones), i.e. it metastasizes. The mechanism of spread is as follows: modified cancer cells begin to separate from the primary tumor. These are the first metastases of uterine cancer, which is characterized by the onset of a pathological process in nearby organs (stage 3). The disease goes beyond the initially affected uterine body at stage 2, moving to the cervix, but degeneration occurs within one organ - in the uterus, although with the involvement of different types of tissue.

The transition from the third stage to the fourth means that the lymphatic system, the main “carrier,” undergoes metastasis atypical cells to distant organs. Damage to lymph nodes close to the primary tumor indicates real danger spread throughout the body. If distant ones are affected, then uterine cancer metastases can affect almost any organ (lungs, brain, etc.) or musculoskeletal system.

The initial stages of uterine cancer are relatively easy to treat surgically, since the tumor has a relatively clear localization. In the future, removal of the pathological focus is often difficult or even impossible, since in addition to the primary tumor, multiple metastases appear in the body, penetrating entire layers of tissues of different types. There are no clear contours, and the lymphatic system continues to spread cancer cells throughout the body. This process involves the hematogenous pathway (through the blood) of movement of cancer cells throughout the body.

Diagnostics

At what stage can cancer be identified and diagnosed? This is already possible at the very early stages when the pathological process is just beginning. In women who are absolutely healthy in gynecological terms, regular medical examinations help to identify almost any threat, even during a visual examination. If we are talking about patients with precancerous or background diseases, then they are prescribed a scraping or a biopsy is taken for histological examination. In the future, they are registered at the dispensary and are regularly checked.

Is cancer visible on ultrasound during examination? Yes, ultrasonography, helps to identify the pathological focus, like other diagnostic measures. Screening is rarely used to identify this pathology. Tumor markers help detect pathology; in addition, they are often used to assess the effectiveness of existing treatment and early detection of relapses. Let's consider all the possible ways to help detect cancer even at the very beginning.

Diagnosis of the disease:

• Inspection: any, even the most minor violations, which can be seen visually, serve as the basis for prescribing a number of tests;
• Cytological examination collected material helps to obtain reliable data about the presence of oncology. For cytology, the contents are taken after aspiration. But the effectiveness of this technique in the early stages is only about 36%; the method gives accurate results only when oncology is widespread (90% detection rate).
• Ultrasound examination: cancer is detected by this method in patients at any stage of pathology development. Deciphering the results of a transvaginal examination allows you to notice a tumor up to 2 cm in size. Changes in the size of the uterus (normally in women of reproductive age M-echo is from 10 to 16 mm, with menopause - no more than 7, in postmenopause - no more than 4) is a reason for further examination. That is, the answer to the question: can cancer be clearly seen during an ultrasound examination is positive. This is a reliable and reliable method of examination.
• Histology: sampling of material during hysteroscopy followed by histological examination allows you to obtain an accurate result. Endometrial scrapings and cervical canal (diagnostic curettage).
• Fluorescent diagnostics: endometriotic cancer in the earliest stages (the lesion is up to 1 mm) is clearly detected by the introduction of a contrast agent followed by ultraviolet illumination. Efficiency – up to 80%.
• MRI: the method is used for accurate assessment of volume in advanced oncology, it reflects well clinical picture in the lymph nodes, it is recommended to examine the pelvic organs to obtain an accurate clinical picture.

How it manifests itself

Symptoms of uterine cancer most often appear as early as later stages development. It can initially be recognized only during a gynecological examination or with the help of modern methods diagnostics This is the main danger: an asymptomatic course in patients who consider themselves healthy, in the absence of regular medical examinations, can lead to late detection, when the disease is actively progressing.

Take a closer look at all the symptoms of endometrial cancer below.

Symptoms of uterine body oncology are directly related to the degree of development and spread of the pathological process. Therefore, let’s consider what signs serve as the basis for an immediate visit to a gynecologist and a comprehensive examination.

Since cancer in the uterus practically does not manifest itself in the earliest stages, any bleeding not associated with normal menstruation, especially during menopause and postmenopause, can be a reason to suspect oncology. In 90% of cases, such bleeding is the first symptom of cancer. Therefore, let us consider in detail how spotting in case of uterine cancer can serve as a signal about the beginning of the pathological process:

1. If young girls experience disruptions in their cycle, then most often these moments, signaling the possibility of developing uterine cancer, are ignored. This is explained by two factors: there are many reasons for changes in the cycle (ranging from banal hypothermia to prolonged stress). In addition, this type of oncology is rare before the age of 30; patients of this age are not at risk. However, any disturbances in the normal menstrual cycle should be a reason to visit a gynecologist.
2. In women over 40, the most obvious symptoms of uterine cancer may be different bleeding, namely:
3. single or multiple;
4. scanty or abundant;
5. breakthrough or intermittent;
6. any contact (during examination, sexual intercourse, douching, lifting heavy objects).
7. In premenopause, disruption of the cycle and pattern of menstruation is the norm, so alarming symptoms may be missed and cancer may be detected late. If, instead of the attenuation of menstruation, they intensify and become more frequent, you should consult a gynecologist.
8. IN menopause menstruation is no longer complete, so any bleeding will help detect the tumor in the first stages of development.

It is necessary to monitor not only the nature of menstrual and non-menstrual bleeding. Danger signs- this is any discharge; in case of uterine cancer, it most often has an unpleasant odor. This smell has a purulent compartment, characteristic of late stage uterine cancer, third or fourth, when other pathological processes are added to the main disease.

Pain that begins with uterine cancer usually indicates the depth of the pathological process. As it develops, standard symptoms for oncology are added: digestive problems (lack of appetite, constipation or diarrhea, nausea and vomiting). Late symptoms are also considered: sudden weight loss, low-grade fever, increased fatigue etc. They are characteristic of advanced oncology (common process, involvement of other organs and systems). If the last stage has arrived (how long people live with it will be indicated separately), then the symptoms can be very different, since each affected organ can give its own clinical picture.

The asymptomatic initial stage, when the cancer practically does not manifest itself, is usually detected during a gynecological examination. At the slightest suspicious changes, the doctor prescribes a series of tests. That is why such attention is paid to the need for medical examinations.

What is the danger

If we consider the possible consequences of uterine cancer, we can note:

• good curability in the early stages (with preservation of reproductive function);
• identification of a more common process may result in surgery (organ-preserving or without preserving the reproductive organ);
• inoperable tumors with metastases are difficult to treat drug treatment and lead to death.

Analyzing these facts, we can conclude that the main danger of the initial stages of oncology is an asymptomatic course. The main danger of complications during treatment for a developed pathological process is infertility (as a functional disorder or after removal of the uterus). The consequences of late stage cancer lead to global spread in the body and death. Another danger is the risk of relapse, especially if the provoking factor remains unchanged (for example, hormonal imbalance).

How to treat uterine cancer

Treatment of uterine cancer is directly related to the extent of detected pathology. When choosing a technique, the full clinical picture is taken into account: the size of the tumor, the degree of its spread, the presence or absence of a metastatic process, accompanying illnesses. Only after a complete examination is a decision made on further tactics.

Is cancer curable? therapeutic agents? Most often, they are part of an overall comprehensive patient management plan. Separately, therapeutic methods are not always effective, but are often used when it is impossible to perform surgical intervention and as palliative therapy.

The surgical method is the main one for this type of oncology. If necessary, it is combined with radiation and chemotherapy. Organ-sparing surgery using ablation is possible if uterine cancer is in the early stages and the size of the tumor does not exceed 3 mm and has clear contours. But there remains a risk of incomplete removal, therefore, relapses are possible.

The uterus is removed even at the first stage; this method is considered the main one for cancer. As an alternative, other methods are chosen only if surgical intervention is impossible due to concomitant diseases (only 10%). The outcome in this case is not very favorable, chemotherapy and other methods are not particularly effective for this type of oncology, and the risk of further development is too great.

Surgery to remove a malignant tumor is performed in different volumes:

• cancer in the initial stage (first): total hysterectomy and adnexectomy;
• for more severe pathologies: additional lymph nodes are removed;

If metastases of uterine cancer are detected and surgical intervention is impossible, courses of radiation and chemotherapy are prescribed.

Treatment of uterine cancer with therapeutic methods:

• hormone therapy: as an addition to other methods, provided that the malignant neoplasm is sensitive to such drugs;
• chemotherapy: with late stages and in combination with other means;
• : used actively after surgery, instead of it, if there are vital contraindications and for treating organs and tissues located near the tumor;
• brachytherapy: radioactive substances are injected directly into the tumor;

Total hysterectomy is considered the most effective in the early stages; in such cases, the risk of relapse is minimal, especially when additional therapeutic methods are used (adjuvant radiotherapy, hormones to normalize their metabolism, etc.).

How long do you live with uterine cancer?

The prognosis for uterine cancer is directly related to two factors: the degree of development of the cancer and the age of the patient. If a tumor is detected in time and adequately treated in a woman under 50 years of age, the five-year survival rate is 91%, and after 70 years of age it is only 61%. Now let's look at how many people live with uterine cancer after surgery in accordance with the diagnosis.

Depending on the degree of tumor differentiation, 5 years without relapse are recorded:

• at low: 64%;
• at average: 86%;
• at high: 92%.

What are the prospects if the cancer has metastases? The patient can live 5 years without relapse:

• in 90% of cases, if stage 2 or stage 1 uterine cancer was diagnosed, that is, there were no metastases to the lymph nodes;
• in 54% of cases, if the cancer is accompanied by a metastatic process (stage 3 and stage 4).

For hormone-dependent and autonomous tumors, the five-year prognosis for life expectancy without relapse is 90% and 60%, respectively.

If stage 4 or 3 uterine cancer is detected, the prognosis is the least favorable. How long will a person live if uterine carcinoma is detected too late? The percentage of patients surviving for 5 years if an inoperable fourth stage was discovered is only 5%, with the third - about 30%.

If uterine body cancer is detected on time, how long the patient lives depends on the characteristics of the tumor, the course of the disease, relapses after treatment, etc. The possibility of surgical intervention is directly related to how long patients live in the future. This is due to low efficiency conservative therapy(cancer does not respond well to it compared to other types of oncology).

After surgery, the prognosis is much better, as evidenced by the average indicators: for grades 1 and 2 (operable stage): 98 and 70%, respectively. With an inoperable tumor, how long the patient will ultimately live depends on many factors (risk of relapse, type of tumor, extent of the pathological process, individual characteristics, concomitant diseases). The effectiveness of therapy and palliative treatment is also important.

How quickly does uterine cancer develop?

It is almost impossible to predict how quickly cancer will develop. Like all oncological diseases, this pathology can remain unchanged for years. And then begin to develop quickly and rapidly.

Since often patients are first diagnosed with a background disease or precancer, we can only speak with certainty about their long transition to oncology. Cases of a long-term stable state of a pathological focus in the zero stage have also been recorded.

A rather rapid spread of atypical cells in the body often occurs in the later stages, when the lymphatic and circulatory systems become involved. Especially if the medications taken are ineffective.

Help from folk remedies

Is it possible to cure cancer solely? folk remedies? Unanimous opinion on this issue does not exist. But if we analyze the causes and risk factors, we can assume that plants will help:

• normalizing hormonal levels;
• helping to cope with precursor diseases (polyposis, polycystic disease, etc.);
• providing vaginal sanitation (destruction pathogenic microorganisms at the local level);
• containing vitamins A and B;
• at an inoperable stage: all plants that can relieve symptoms or fully replace medications prescribed by the attending physician.

That is, folk remedies for uterine cancer can be divided into two groups: preventive and analog herbal remedies. Usage unconventional methods in the treatment of any cancer has long been controversial. Traditional medicine usually views herbal medicine as additional remedy. Since in the case of uterine cancer in the early stages the most effective methods are surgical, you should not risk replacing it with therapy using unconventional methods.

Treatment of uterine cancer with folk remedies is possible only after consultation with a doctor who sees the true clinical picture. For this pathology, herbal remedies based on:

• hemlock and celandine: both plants are poisonous, so the dosage regimen should be strictly followed. Hemlock is sold in a pharmacy (alcohol solution), you can make an aqueous tincture of celandine yourself;
• It is recommended to take internally in the form of infusions and decoctions shepherd's purse, bedstraw, horsetail grass, etc.;
• natural analogues of chemotherapy drugs: amygdalin is found in the kernels of bitter almonds and apricot kernels. Extracts from shark cartilage, shark liver oil and melatonin show good results. They can be found in the form of dietary supplements;
• ASD is used as an immunomodulator in palliative treatment;
• soda dissolved in water stabilizes the acidity level;
• Various herbal remedies are used for douching: calendula, horse sorrel, propolis, etc.

The effectiveness of various unconventional methods as an independent treatment for oncology is questionable, so it is better to combine them with traditional medicine methods and after consultation with your doctor.

Uterine cancer and pregnancy

During pregnancy, uterine cancer is rarely detected; women of reproductive age under 30 rarely suffer from this disease. Is it possible to get pregnant if the pathological process it's already underway in organism? Availability malignant neoplasm at the first stage it does not cause symptoms, although there have been cases of tumors being detected after the woman became pregnant.

Therefore, we can conclude that the latent course of the disease does not interfere with conceiving a child with uterine cancer in the early stages of development. There are specific considerations for managing pregnant patients. Since surgical intervention is not discussed in this case, the pregnant woman is prescribed large doses of progestins. After achieving the goal - atrophy of the glands, the next stage begins. For normalization ovulatory cycle hormone therapy is used.

If oncology is detected in nulliparous women of reproductive age, the tactics of medical care will be aimed, if possible, at preserving function (therapy or organ-conserving surgery).

Prevention

As preventive measures measures aimed at eliminating risk factors are considered. Balanced diet, normalization of hormonal levels, treatment of obesity, etc. will help avoid negative consequences.

The main preventative measure will be regular medical examinations; uterine cancer rarely occurs suddenly. Identification of precursor diseases in most cases makes it possible to prevent their degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Maintain proper nutrition

Nutrition for uterine cancer involves a balanced diet that does not contain fatty or spicy foods. Since such food is considered one of the risk factors, the same approach to nutrition is recommended for prevention. If obesity is recorded, then the diet should be aimed at losing weight.

The food should be dominated by products of plant origin. Nutritionists recommend vegetables and fruits for uterine cancer (saturating the body with vitamins), including legumes, whole grain cereals, spicy herbs, onions, garlic, turmeric, cabbage. They have proven themselves well in oncology. Heat treatment should be minimal, fats and proteins of animal origin are consumed in doses.

Unfortunately, the number of cancer diseases is only growing every year. In women, one of the leading causes is uterine cancer. has now increased, the female half of the population has more a long period menopause, doctors attribute the increase in incidence to this. The risk group most often includes women 40-60 years old.

What is uterine cancer

The uterus in women, like any other organ, has a three-layer structure. The inner one is epithelial tissue, the middle one is smooth muscle tissue and the outer one is connective tissue. As the disease develops, a tumor forms on the walls of the uterus, and then, if no treatment measures are taken, it will begin to spread throughout the body.

Due to the multilayer structure of the uterus, tumors can occur various types and differs in location.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Doctors came to the conclusion that cancer of the uterine body begins to develop to a greater extent if this organ has been repeatedly exposed to many factors, among which I would especially like to highlight the following:

1. Frequent abortions and ruptures during childbirth.
2. Inflammatory processes, especially of a chronic nature.
3. Dystrophic and degenerative changes in epithelial tissue that can occur as a result of hormonal effects.
4. Hereditary predisposition.
5. The presence of human papillomavirus or genital herpes in the body.
6. Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.
7. Early onset of sexual activity, that is, before the age of 18.
8. Having a large number of sexual partners.
9. Availability bad habits, especially smoking.
10. Lack of personal hygiene.

Despite the fact that there are many reasons that can provoke uterine cancer, life expectancy with such a diagnosis will depend on many factors. If you consult a doctor in time, you can easily cope with this disease.

Diagnosis of the disease

Making any diagnosis begins with a conversation between the doctor and the patient. A woman must be examined by a gynecologist; without a thorough examination, there can be no talk of any treatment or diagnosis.

The examination begins with examination of the vagina and cervix using gynecological speculum. In the presence of a disease, it is usually possible to detect changes in tissues. Often, during examination, slight bleeding may begin as the tumor is injured.

If necessary, they may prescribe an examination through the rectum to clarify how much the pelvic walls are affected.

All these manipulations can be carried out if you have all the necessary equipment. It often happens that cancer at an early stage is not recognized due to incomplete examination. With development ultrasound diagnostics This method was also used to detect cancer tumors.

Because when cancer develops, damage occurs lymph nodes, then they also prescribe X-ray examination. In some cases, MRI and CT are prescribed.

All examinations are very important to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, because if a woman has uterine cancer, life expectancy will depend on the effectiveness of therapy.

A timely visit to the doctor will allow you to identify the disease at an early stage. This guarantees a high cure rate.

Uterine cancer: symptoms and signs

Women need to monitor their health more carefully throughout their lives, and even more so after the age of 40, because it is at this age that the risk of developing cancer increases. Eae and all diseases, uterine cancer has symptoms and signs, so it is necessary to pay attention to all deviations from the norm in the functioning of the body. The trouble is that we are in no hurry to rush to the hospital as soon as we notice suspicious symptoms. It’s a pity, not only the quality of our life, but also its duration completely depends on this.

Most cancer diseases are dangerous because they begin to show their symptoms only in later stages, so it often happens that when a person asks for help, nothing can be done to help him.

It turns out that uterine cancer manifests itself differently at different periods of a woman’s life. Let's try to figure this out.

Signs before menopause

If a woman is not yet at the stage of menopause, then the following manifestations of this disease can be diagnosed:

• Periodic bleeding from the vagina.
• Menstruation becomes either more rare and scanty, or, on the contrary, it can come more often and abundantly.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.

• Nagging pain in the lower back.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Purulent vaginal discharge.
• Frequent urge to urinate.

Symptoms during menopause

When a woman goes through menopause, her periods stop completely. At that time following symptoms should alert you:

• Any bleeding.
• Sudden bleeding from the vagina.
• Drawing pain in the perineal area.
• Fast fatiguability.
• Weight loss for no apparent reason.

If you find yourself with any of these symptoms, then you should not hope that everything will go away on its own. This is enough insidious disease- uterine cancer, photos confirm this.

Uterine cancer also occurs in pregnant women, but it is rare. This is quite dangerous for a woman's life. In this case, if the diagnosis of uterine cancer is confirmed, surgery is inevitable. You will have to terminate the pregnancy and begin treatment.

Stages of development of uterine cancer

Most often, any disease goes through certain stages, this can be said about a malignant tumor in the uterus. Oncologists distinguish the following stages of uterine cancer:

1. Zero. At this time, it is already possible to diagnose endometrial hyperplasia, which will certainly lead to the development of malignancy. It's just a matter of time, how quickly it will happen.
2. First stage. The tumor develops only in the body of the uterus itself, but the localization can be different:

• Cancer cells affect only the epithelial cell layer.
• The tumor begins to penetrate into the muscle layer.
• Carcinoma grows into half of the myometrium.

3. Second stage. The cancer begins to affect the cervix, but does not spread beyond the organ. But there are also varieties:

• Only the glands of the cervix are involved in the process.
• The tumor affects the stroma of the cervix.

4. Third stage of the disease. Uterine cancer is already spreading beyond the organ, photos confirm this, but again there are its own divisions:

• Carcinoma damages the serosa of the uterus and can spread to the ovaries.
• Metastases appear in the vagina.
• Metastases occur in nearby lymph nodes.

5. The fourth stage is the most serious. The tumor is already affecting the bladder and rectum. Metastases appear outside the pelvis.

When diagnosed with uterine cancer, the degrees also vary. This influences the prognosis of the disease:

1. High degree of differentiation.
2. Moderate.
3. Low.

Doctors note that the greater the degree of differentiation, the better the prognosis. Tumors with low grade metastasize quickly and are characterized by accelerated growth.

If you are diagnosed with uterine cancer, your life expectancy will depend on the stage and extent of the disease.

Cervical cancer

A malignant tumor can begin to develop not only in the uterine cavity, but also in the cervix, then they speak of cervical cancer. This disease also has its own stages of development:

1. First stage. The tumor develops only in the cervix.
2. Second. It has its own development options:

• Penetration into the parametrium without moving to the pelvic wall.
• Vaginal variant, when the tumor affects its walls.
• The tumor develops endocervically. It can even affect the body of the uterus.

3. The third stage is also characterized by the presence of three options:

• Infiltration of the pelvic wall occurs on one or both sides.
• In the vaginal variant, the tumor extends to the lower part of the vagina.
• Pelvic metastases appear.

4. Fourth stage. The following development options can be distinguished:

• The tumor spreads to the bladder.
• Cancer cells affect the rectum.
• The tumor extends beyond the pelvis.

Different types of stages and development of the tumor help doctors give a clear idea of ​​treatment methods and its effectiveness.

Treatment of uterine cancer

Currently, if we take into account the level of development of medicine, we can say that most cancer diseases are not death sentence for the patient. But this is only if the person seeks medical help in a timely manner.

Treatment of malignant tumors is carried out taking into account the stage of the disease and its location. Most often the main methods are:

If treatment is started on time, then Great chance that you will succeed in the cervix, the photos demonstrate well full life women after surgery.

When a woman seeks medical help too late, the success rate of treatment is significantly reduced.

Disease prevention

Only if you regularly visit a gynecologist and undergo an annual physical examination, then you can be sure that cancer will be detected at an early stage.

As soon as a woman begins to be sexually active, she should make it a rule to visit a gynecologist every year. Regular examination, smear examination, and ultrasound of the pelvic organs can identify precancerous conditions. If they are treated in time, the development of tumors can be prevented.

This is how you can prevent it. Photos confirm that identifying such pathologies is quite simple if you undergo regular examinations. It is impossible to recognize the disease on your own and prescribe medications correctly; this should only be done by a doctor.

Most often, if inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are not treated, then over time they can easily develop into cancer. Our health is only in our hands, and no one except ourselves will take care of it.

Treatment effectiveness

The effectiveness of cancer treatment can be judged by repeated cases of the disease. Relapse usually occurs in the first three years after therapy. For many, when diagnosed with cervical cancer, after surgery the vital functions of the body are normalized, the woman recovers and returns to her usual way of life.

Prognosis for uterine cancer

Unfortunately, it is impossible to give a 100% guarantee that after treatment the tumor will no longer bother you. If the disease is detected in the first stages of its development, then about 90% of patients recover almost completely.

Considering that the quality has now improved medical examination, a lot of work is being done on early detection of the disease, it can be ensured that the survival rate when cancer is detected will further increase.

Even if you have stage 3 or 4 uterine cancer, your life expectancy increases significantly with proper treatment. Survival can be increased by combining radiation exposure with chemotherapy.

If a woman seeks medical help when metastases involve not only the uterus or cervix, but also neighboring organs, then the prognosis is not very encouraging. In this case, it is much more difficult to influence cancer cells.

We can conclude that the quality and duration of our lives depends only on ourselves. Don’t be afraid to visit clinics; if a disease is detected in time, it can be treated much faster and more effectively.

The most important step in this case is a regular preventive examination of the patient, which is carried out by a gynecologist, which will detect cervical cancer at an early stage and increase the patient’s chances of recovery.

Causes and signs of the disease

There are various causes of cervical cancer, but the main factor in the appearance of the disease is the papilloma virus, which is often diagnosed in humans. More than 10 strains of HPV (human papillomavirus) are considered oncogenic, and can cause not only a precancerous condition of the genital organs, but also cancer itself.

But you still need to remember that approximately 60% of the population of the entire country is infected with the papilloma virus, but not all carriers subsequently developed cancer.

There are certain risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of cervical cancer (cervical cancer):

• weakened immune system;
• the beginning of intimate intimacy before the age of 16;
• constant change of partners for conducting PA;
• smoking;
• the presence of infectious diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse;
• frequent childbirth or abortion.

All these factors can cause the development of oncology, one of which is considered to be cervical cancer.

And if during the initial stage there are practically no signs of pathology or are manifested by a slight feeling of discomfort, then with the development of cancer the following manifestations of pathology occur:

• constant feeling of weakness;
• constant fatigue;
• uterine spasms causing bleeding;
• copious discharge similar to mucus (sometimes there may be small inclusions in it);
• the appearance of bleeding in a woman immediately after sex, douching or examination on a chair;
• weight loss;
• pain in the lower abdominal line;
• changes in the duration of menstruation and the intensity of discharge;
• increase in body temperature, long time staying at 37-37.5 degrees.

Can cervical cancer be cured or is there no way to do it? In fact, it will be possible to completely cure cancer only if the patient promptly noticed the changes that began to occur in her body and turned to the doctor for examination and treatment.

Treatment Options

A neoplasm in the uterine cervix often appears in certain parts of this genital organ, consists of various tissues and can be varying degrees malignancy:

• squamous cell carcinoma;
• pre-invasive;
• glandular (represents carcinoma).

Cure of the pathology is completely possible only with complex therapy, the choice of which directly depends on the stage of the disease. It is worth knowing that if the tumor was detected at the initial 1st stage. and the patient received effective therapy, then we can say that uterine cancer is curable only in 90% of cases.

The easiest way to cure uterine cancer is only at stage 1, when the spread of cancer cells to other tissues has not yet begun on the affected genital organ.

In this case, organ-preserving treatment can be carried out in the following ways:

• removal of the damaged area of ​​the neck with a scalpel;
• laser evaporation;
• ultrasonic removal;
• cryodestruction – excision with liquid nitrogen.

Thanks to these methods, it will be possible to cure a tumor of the uterine cervix, preventing it from spreading to nearby organs.

In case of slight growth of the tumor (no more than 3 mm) into nearby organs, as well as in other stages, surgical intervention is required:

1. Hysterectomy for patients who want to have children (in this case, the appendages are not removed).
2. Removal of the uterine cavity with appendages in postmenopause.

According to indications, the doctor may also remove nearby lymph nodes. Also, when treated with the above methods, the patient may be indicated for radiation therapy.

At stages 1-2 of the disease, non-surgical treatment is allowed using radiation therapy, which is done using the following methods:

• intracavitary irradiation – through the vaginal cavity;
• remote irradiation - outside.

The choice of treatment in this case directly depends on the woman’s condition, her age and desire.

Interested in whether cancer can be cured in large cases, inoperable tumors, it is worth knowing that the patient is first prescribed radiation therapy. If at the end of the procedure the tumor decreases in size, then surgical intervention may be performed at the next stage of treatment.

In severe stages of the tumor, chemotherapy is prescribed. If there is penetration of metastases into organs located far from the uterus, then doctors try to cope with the tumor that has spread throughout the body with chemotherapy.

It is possible to completely cure cervical cancer only with the use of surgical or combination therapy(in this case, the first degree is completely cured). After treatment, the woman needs constant medical supervision, which requires an appointment with a gynecologist every 3 months to take smears and undergo other tests.

When trying to get rid of cervical cancer, you should always remember that any self-medication is excluded, since then the chances of a favorable outcome will be missed.

Cervical cancer

Malignant neoplasms that develop in the tissues of the uterus are of two types: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Most often, middle-aged women (35-55 years old) suffer from uterine cancer. A direct link has been proven between the development of cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus.

Another contributing factor is considered frequent change female sexual partners and abuse of hormonal contraception. Treatment of oncological tumors in the uterus is most often difficult due to the late diagnosis of this insidious disease.

Symptoms

In the early stages, signs of a tumor may be absent or appear in the form of subtle discomfort.

As the malignant process the following symptoms are observed:

• abnormal bleeding from the vagina or mucous discharge streaked with blood;
• vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse, douching and gynecological examinations;
• change in the duration of menstruation:
• pain in the lower abdomen, intensifying during sexual intercourse;
• weakness, fatigue;
• weight loss;
• long-term temperature not higher than 37.5 degrees (subfebrile temperature);
• anemia.

All signs are nonspecific and may indicate other gynecological diseases. The duration of symptoms is of decisive importance.

Vaginal discharge from cervical cancer is often irregular and may have nothing to do with menstrual bleeding (this is the first thing women should pay attention to).

Diagnosis of cervical cancer

Identification of the disease begins with a conversation between the doctor and the patient. The gynecologist conducts a detailed questioning about all the symptoms of the disease, studies the patient’s medical history (information about all diseases suffered in the past is important).

Then a manual gynecological examination, a smear is taken for cytology and, if necessary, a colposcopy is performed. Sometimes it is possible to determine the type of tumor (endophytic, exophytic or combined).

Then more detailed diagnostic procedures are carried out:

• ultrasound examination, which allows you to accurately determine the size of the tumor (in Lately Ultrasound tomography is also used to obtain a more visual image);
• histological examination: for this, a biopsy or diagnostic curettage is performed using an electrosurgical loop - scraping from the cervical canal and the walls of the uterus;
• radiography to detect possible metastases in the lungs and other organs;
• computed tomography, which also allows you to detect the spread of a malignant process through the lymphatic system and detect changes in the liver and organs abdominal cavity(if necessary, the study is carried out using contrast agents);
• blood test (general, biochemical, as well as tests for tumor markers);
• cytological examination(PAP test, also known as Papanicolaou test);
• lymphography (study of the lymphatic system);
• irriography (x-ray examination of the rectum to detect the spread of the tumor).

PCR analysis is also used to detect the papilloma virus. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allows not only to detect a virus, but also to determine its oncogenicity (activity and ability to provoke the development of malignant tumors).

Detection of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is not a direct indication of the presence of uterine cancer: it is only the basis for constant monitoring by a gynecologist and more serious attitude to your health. Women at risk should be tested at least once a year.

Treatment

Treatment for cervical cancer is carried out comprehensively.

• surgical treatment (hysterectomy: removal of the uterus, appendages, pelvic tissue with lymph nodes);
• radiation therapy - external and intracavitary (carried out in combination with surgery or chemotherapy at stages 3-4 of the disease, when radical excision is ineffective);
• chemotherapy - drug treatment is carried out with cytostatics;
• immunotherapy (treatment with interferons that increase and modulate the body’s immunity).

Can cervical cancer be cured completely, that is, without subsequent relapses? The answer to this question depends on the stage at which doctors began treatment for the disease. If the tumor is detected at an early stage, successful treatment and long-term remission is possible in almost 90%.

Everything about treating cervical cancer at home is here.

Nutrition (diet)

Modern medicine confirms the fact that combining basic treatment with diet therapy accelerates recovery even in the case of such a serious illness as cervical cancer.

The basis dietary nutrition for uterine cancer, vegetables, fruits and berries grown in environmentally friendly conditions should be favorable conditions without the use of chemical additives. Studies have shown that daily consumption of plant-based foods inhibits tumor growth. Preference should be given to fruits with bright colors and greenery: these products inhibit malignant processes.

In many regions, observe fruit diet in winter it is quite difficult: in this case it is necessary to increase the content in the diet fresh vegetables and berries - carrots, beets, turnips, cabbage, pumpkins, cranberries, lingonberries.

It is also useful to include in the diet:

• fermented milk products (cottage cheese, cheeses, yoghurts);
• cereal crops (especially valuable oatmeal, as well as sprouted wheat grains);
• garlic and horseradish;
• nuts of all kinds;
• legumes.

It is better to cook food by steaming or in the oven. Vegetables and fruits are best consumed raw. It is also useful to drink herbal decoctions from sage, yarrow, nettle, wormwood, plantain, St. John's wort. Herbal medicines have a depressing effect on cancer cells, increase the body's immunity, and also stop bleeding.

Some foods should be completely excluded from the menu:

• smoked meats;
• animal fats;
• fried foods;
• spicy seasonings;
• confectionery;
• cocoa and chocolate;
• strong tea and coffee;
• alcohol;
• semi-finished products;
• "fast food";
• carbonated drinks.

A special menu with an abundance of vitamins and useful substances, restoring strength, should be followed at the stage of recovery after surgery, radiation and drug therapy.

Example menu for uterine cancer:

Breakfast #1: fresh carrot juice.

Breakfast No. 2: buckwheat with whole grain bread, green tea.

Lunch: pearl barley soup with vegetables, stewed beets, baked fish, tea with milk.

Dinner: cottage cheese casserole, avocado and green vegetable salad, fresh fruit juice.

Before bed: kefir or fruit juice.

In addition to diet, recovery is facilitated by the correct organization of the daily routine - good sleep, rest, staying on fresh air. It is advisable to spend the rehabilitation period in a specialized sanatorium-resort institution.

Photo of stage 3 cervical cancer here.

Forecast

Patients are certainly interested in the question: how long do people live with uterine cancer? Even the most qualified specialist. The survival prognosis is influenced by a large number of concomitant factors - the stage of the disease, the patient’s age, the state of the body, the state of the immune system.

At stage 1, competent surgical treatment in combination with subsequent radiation therapy ensures survival for 5 years in more than 85-90% of patients.

If the disease is detected at stage 2, the chances are reduced to 60%, since malignant processes can already begin to spread to surrounding healthy tissue. In this case, a correctly designed course of radiation and chemotherapy after surgical excision of the tumor is important.

The survival rate of patients with stage 3 cancer for 5 years is reduced to 35-40%, since the tumor metastasizes to nearby organs. Full recovery with a grade 3 tumor it is unlikely.

At stage 4, only 10% of patients overcome the five-year period - subject to constant palliative treatment. The probability of death is very high: stop the spread of cancer cells through the blood vessels and vessels excretory system is not possible, and multiple metastases quickly lead to functional failure of the lungs, liver and other organs.

Oncological diseases of the cervix pose a serious threat not only to the health, but also to the life of a woman, since in the early stages, when the disease is treatable, the clinical manifestations remain hidden. Prevention of cervical cancer is a universal and mandatory measure to reduce the risk of occurrence.

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The most common type of cancer among women is cervical cancer, the general and characteristic clinical manifestations of which are absent or nonspecific. Photographs and ultrasound scans allow you to learn more about this disease. Malignant tumor of the cervix.

The stages of cervical cancer can indicate not only the appearance of symptoms characteristic of this disease, but also the deterioration of the patient’s condition until irreversible processes occur in the female body. Therapeutic treatment, chosen depending on the degree of damage, contributes greatly.

The main problem in the development of oncology of the female genital area is the problem of diagnosing the tumor in the early stages. This pathology also includes stage 1 uterine cancer, which is hidden and asymptomatic. Correctly chosen therapeutic tactics contribute to complete cure diseases. The uterus appears.

A blood test for tumor markers for cervical cancer is today used to determine not only predisposition to the pathological process, but also to identify the most effective treatment tactics for cancer. Cervical cancer is very common today and is diagnosed not only in older women, but.

In stage 3 cervical cancer, regional metastasis plays an important role in prognosis. Only adequate treatment allows you to prolong the life of sick women and avoid relapses of the disease and transition to next stage. You can beat cancer only by initial stages its development, but even so.

The causes of cervical cancer vary, but the main factor in its development is HPV. In combination with other risk factors, some of its types can cause irreparable harm women's health. This is one of the most dangerous and common types of cancer in women all over the world. It starts with.

One of the most common diseases of the female reproductive organs is cervical cancer. Sometimes, due to the absence of symptoms, the diagnosis is made at a late stage, when metastases have already appeared. Therefore, for some women, after completion complex treatment relapse may occur. Reasons One of the indicators.

Vaccination against cervical cancer helps prevent infection with the human papillomavirus, which leads to this cancer. It must be done according to a certain scheme to achieve maximum efficiency. Currently, there is a steady increase in cancer diseases, including...

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that is located at the border of the transition of the cervical epithelium to the vaginal epithelium. Diagnosis of the disease in the early stages helps to cure the disease in approximately 87% of women. The most dangerous age for the development of the disease is years. It is extremely rarely diagnosed in young people.

Despite the fact that in modern conditions traditional medicine has achieved unprecedented success in treating oncological pathology cervix, any woman perceives this diagnosis with fear and doom. However, every woman and her family can make life healthy and fulfilling after cervical cancer. Oncology.

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Every woman should know the symptoms of cervical cancer. This will help her detect the problem in time and immediately seek help from a doctor. Cervical cancer is unpredictable dangerous disease, affecting women of any age. Treatment of this disease must begin at the earliest stages (zero and...

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The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action.

Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Uterine cancer

Uterine cancer is very common, currently occupying fourth place among women after breast, skin and gastrointestinal cancer. This form of malignant tumors is usually observed between the ages of 40 and 60 years.

Stage II – damage to the body and cervix;

Stage III – spread to surrounding tissue or metastases into the vagina;

Stage IV – spread beyond the pelvis, invasion into the bladder or rectum.

How to cure uterine cancer? Victory over the tumor is possible.

Today, cancer is considered the most common cause of death in the age group under 70 years. Every year, every fourth patient dies worldwide. Uterine cancer, one of the most common cancers among women, ranks fourth, affecting more than 500 thousand patients every year. A disease that is not recognized in time and insufficiently treated can lead to death. However, modern doctors have a huge selection of reliable diagnostic methods in their arsenal, which can be used to detect the disease at a very early stage. Today, uterine cancer is being treated, and successfully - this is evidenced by inexorable statistics. Of course, there are patients with advanced forms of the disease. One of the reasons for this is a late visit to the doctor. The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that at an early stage the disease is asymptomatic. A woman often does not suspect that she is sick and comes to the doctor about some other disease.

Is uterine cancer treatable? This question is probably asked by every woman upon hearing an oncological diagnosis. Today we can say that uterine cancer is curable. Moreover, for a disease detected at an early stage, gentle treatment methods can be used. Gone are therapies whose side effects terrified patients. The latest chemotherapy drugs, in which undesirable effects are minimized, radiation methods that act only on the tumor, without affecting healthy tissue. Today, organ-preserving surgery is not uncommon. Moreover, women of reproductive age can become pregnant after some time. For successful treatment you need very little - attention to your health. It is enough to undergo a preventive examination 1-2 times a year. But some women believe that nothing bad can happen to them; others simply do not have enough time, and a visit to the doctor is postponed until later. And some are simply afraid of a possible examination. The reasons are different, but the result is the same - a health risk. Women who belong to a high-risk group should be especially wary.

Causes of the disease

Factors influencing the occurrence of the disease:

• Late menopause, early onset of menstruation
• Infertility, lack of childbirth, numerous abortions
• Use of oral contraceptives
• Precancerous conditions: ulcers, erosion, inflammatory processes, polyposis, fibroids, mucosal hyperplasia
• Early onset of sexual relations, having multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, infection with human papillomavirus
• Diabetes, hypertension, obesity
• Poor nutrition, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, heavy physical activity
• Hereditary factors

Today it may seem surprising, but American researchers warned about harmful factors that can cause cancer at the end of the last century. Poor nutrition, the presence of carcinogenic substances in products, unfavorable ecology, burdened heredity - unfortunately, the situation is only getting worse every year.

The worst thing is that some patients refuse to undergo treatment or, using various unconventional methods, try to treat themselves, bombarding all kinds of healers with questions about whether uterine cancer can be cured. As a result, the lack of qualified medical care and lost time lead to irreparable consequences. But all you need to do is consult a doctor. Modern medicine has achieved amazing results, which is not surprising - oncology is currently one of the highest priority areas. However, it is impossible to single out any specific treatment method as the most effective. In the treatment of oncological pathologies, an integrated approach is important, and it is possible to choose the right treatment tactics only in specialized clinics. Only then should one expect a successful cure.

The five-year survival rate with timely treatment reaches 96%. But a disease diagnosed at a late stage is much less treatable and only no more than 60% of patients survive.

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Can cervical cancer be cured?

The neck is Bottom part body of the uterus, which opens into the vagina. With the help of the cervix, the uterus connects to the vagina, serving as the birth canal for the birth of a child. Recently, scientists have been concerned about the increasing number of cases of cervical cancer, including in nulliparous women and even girls. So can cervical cancer be cured? Of course - yes, if you consult a doctor in time.

By various reasons the epithelium on the cervix degenerates, precancerous conditions form, which, if left untreated, turn into cancer.

There are two types of cervical cancer - squamous cell. which is registered in 90% of all cases of the disease, and adenocarcinoma. which is much less common and occurs mainly in women who have given birth. Sometimes there is a form of cervical cancer in which both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are present, forming a mixed carcinoma.

Typically, precancerous lesions progress to cancer within one to several years. If you treat precancerous diseases, you can prevent further degeneration of the pathology into a malignant neoplasm.

The maximum number of cases of cervical cancer is observed in women over 70 years of age. But doctors are concerned about the trend of cervical cancer cases in young girls and even girls.

In regions where diagnostic measures aimed at identifying precancerous diseases are well developed, mortality from cervical cancer is markedly reduced.

71% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer survive the first 5 years with adequate treatment.

Causes of cervical cancer.

There are several factors that provoke the occurrence of precancerous diseases and their development into cancerous forms.

1) Infection with the human papillomavirus, the infection is sexually transmitted.

2) Smoking provokes the accumulation of carcinogens in a woman’s body that damage the DNA of cells, this provokes the development of cancer.

3) Low immunity. AIDS virus.

4) Lack of nutrition, lack of vitamins in the diet, lack of vegetables and fruits.

5) Promiscuous sexual intercourse.

7) Use of contraceptives for 5 or more years.

9) If the mother has cervical cancer, the daughter has an increased risk of getting it.

Can cervical cancer be cured?

First of all, to detect cervical cancer, the doctor prescribes a complex diagnostic procedures. If the diagnosis is confirmed, then the choice of treatment will depend on the prevalence of the malignant process, the degree of cancer, the patient’s condition, and other objective indicators.

At the slightest suspicion of a neoplasm in the cervix, a woman is offered laser surgery or cryosurgery. In the first stages of cancer or in precancerous diseases, these two methods most effectively cure the disease.

To remove a section of the cervix from cancerous tumor use an electrical loop. removal of part of the cervix using a wedge-shaped method. If there is a relapse, or the woman does not want to have children in the future, the uterus may be completely removed.

In patients in whom the process has gone too far, the body of the uterus and lymph nodes are removed, and then chemotherapy or external irradiation is performed.

65% of women survive with stage 1-2 cervical cancer. The lower the stage of cancer, the greater the chance of survival.

At stages 3-4 of cancer, the uterus with surrounding tissues and lymph nodes is removed. and then perform both external and internal exposure, a course of chemotherapy is prescribed immediately. Survival rates for these stages of cancer range from 20% to 50%.

When the disease does progress and relapse, the woman develops metastases either in the tissues of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, or in distant organs - liver, lungs, bones, lymph nodes. In case of local metastases, operations for extended removal of the uterus and surrounding tissues are effective and stop the disease in 50% of patients, while in case of distant metastases, chemotherapy brings improvement in 25% of all cases.

The effectiveness of treatment for this serious illness, like cervical cancer, depends on many factors: the age of the patient, correctly selected treatment methods, early diagnosis of cancer and precancerous disease.

If cancer is found on the most initial stages, then treatment surgical method contributes to the complete cure of the patient from a malignant neoplasm.

Diagnosis of cervical cancer.

First of all, a woman should definitely visit a gynecologist once a year, even if she does not feel any unpleasant symptoms, and does not plan to have children. Very often, a woman goes to an antenatal clinic in for preventive purposes helps detect cancer at the earliest stages and cure it completely.

During an examination of a woman, the doctor determines the condition of the epithelium on the cervix; if there is any suspicion of a precancerous disease, the doctor prescribes a biopsy or a cytological smear test, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging.

Cervical cancer, prevention.

Prevents cervical cancer proper hygiene genital organs, prevention of early onset of sexual activity in girls and promiscuity, timely treatment of chlamydia, cervical erosion, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the female genital area, reducing the number of abortions in women.

Of course, the prevention of cervical cancer includes regular monitoring of women by a gynecologist, a preventive visit to a gynecologist by every woman at least once a year.

In recent years, a vaccine against human papillomavirus has been developed and used, which is administered to girls at adolescence, even before the start of sexual activity. This vaccine can prevent papilloma disease, and therefore prevent the development of cervical cancer.

Can cervical cancer be cured? Every woman knows the answer to this question. Cervical cancer is curable if a woman takes care of her health, regularly visits a gynecologist and follows simple rules of genital hygiene and intimate life.

Can uterine cancer be cured?

When faced with a diagnosis of uterine cancer, many women simply give up on themselves: they leave the house less often, quit their jobs, stop communicating with friends, gradually withdrawing into themselves. However, this solution to the problem is incorrect from the very beginning. All is not lost! We can cure uterine cancer! Moreover, you can fight the disease using different methods:

In the early stages of the disease, uterine cancer can be cured with hormonal drugs. This is explained by the fact that in most cases it is hormonal imbalance that becomes the factor that causes the appearance of a malignant tumor. By eliminating the cause of the disease in this way, a successful cure for the disease can be achieved.

Radiation therapy, being an effective way to fight cancer cells, has long been used in the treatment of various kinds oncological diseases. For uterine cancer, it is possible to use this procedure in the later stages of the disease in conjunction with taking anticancer drugs.

For uterine cancer, chemotherapy itself does not completely cure the disease, but it helps to restrain its further development in the body. So, with its help you can:

• reduce doses and reduce exposure time during the course of radiation treatment;
• remove residual effects of the disease in the body after radiation therapy;
• influence the effectiveness of treatment for complications in the later stages of the disease.

Today, the most effective way to treat uterine cancer is surgery. Depending on the stage of the disease, as well as taking into account other related factors (the woman’s age, the presence of chronic diseases, etc.), removal of the uterus and appendages will help cope with this problem.

What is the way out of this situation? One of the possible options is to undergo treatment in Israel. In this country, effective treatment of uterine cancer has long been successfully practiced, in particular in the First medical center Tel Aviv (Ichilov Clinic), more details: http://telaviv-clinic.ru/. At the moment, this is one of the few advanced medical institutions in the world that accepts foreign patients for treatment. Moreover, in addition to highly qualified medical care, patients are provided with additional services for booking air tickets, transfers, accommodation and emergency delivery. At the same time, the pricing policy of the Ikhilov clinic, with high level training of specialists is very democratic, unlike German or Russian clinics.

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When diagnosed with uterine cancer, a woman does not always notice the first signs and symptoms. She feels painful sensations in the lower abdomen, observes blood discharge after douching or sexual intercourse.

The disease is very often asymptomatic and is determined by a gynecologist during a routine examination. As the disease progresses, bleeding appears between menstruation or after sexual intercourse or douching. Bloody discharge from the vagina indicates a pathology in the body, and consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Causes and signs of manifestation of a malignant tumor

The most common causes of malignant pathology are:

• Diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders.
• Infectious, sexually transmitted diseases – HIV, human papillomavirus.
• Cigarette abuse.
• Disorders of menstruation.
• Use of oral contraception.
• Numerous sexual partners.
• Early pregnancy, late menopause.
• Very early sexual intercourse.
• Decreased immune system.

Excess weight is also an important factor. A precancerous condition can develop into a malignant formation due to erosion, polyps, scars after childbirth, and chronic inflammation.

One of the main causes of the disease is considered to be hormonal disorders in the body, which leads to the growth of the uterine mucosa.

Genital endometriosis can lead to cancer. With this disease, neoplasms appear on the mucous membrane, growths on the genital organs - ovaries, bladder, fallopian tubes.

The first signs of uterine cancer are bloody discharge from the vagina. If there is blood after sexual intercourse or the menstrual cycle is disrupted, you should consult a gynecologist.

If a woman has not had her period for more than a year, and then has bloody discharge, she needs to undergo full examination for uterine cancer. Only experienced specialist can recognize uterine cancer after examination and a complete examination.

In the early stages, the disease may not manifest itself, but if the disease progresses, the following symptoms are observed:

• Menstruation is painful, it becomes heavy and lasts for a long time.
• Heavy or spotting discharge appears between menstrual cycles.
• Blood after sexual intercourse, douching, physical exertion.
• Pain in the lower abdomen during sexual intercourse.

These symptoms are also typical for other gynecological diseases. But in order to determine pathological changes in the body, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a gynecologist.

During the examination, the doctor collects anamnesis, listens to all the patient’s complaints, finds out all the symptoms and the woman’s genetic inheritance.

It is important not to ignore such conditions:

• Discharge between periods can alert a girl. They may be transparent, yellowish, or mixed with blood. Cancer can cause contact discharge that appear when walking quickly, physical activity, after sexual intercourse, even constipation causes spotting from the vagina. At an advanced stage, an unpleasant odor appears. The blood may flow profusely or lightly.
• The pathology causes anemia, fatigue and weakness of the entire body. Body temperature rises to 38% for no particular reason. These symptoms indicate cancer.
• Pain occurs when other organs are affected. In the later stages, pain appears in the lower back, rectum, and thigh; it is long-lasting and often repeated.
• The functioning of the urinary system is impaired. In the early stages, the tumor does not affect the bladder, but neglect of the disease causes frequent urge urine. This leads to the development of cystitis, the growth of a malignant formation contributes to the appearance of urinary retention and uremia.
• The neglect of cancer leads to constant constipation, and fistulas form in the intestines.

It is difficult to diagnose cancer in the early stages on your own. Define cancer Only an experienced specialist can do this after proper examination of the patient. Timely treatment saves 90% of women from death.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology

To determine gynecological disease, the gynecologist listens to the patient's complaints and conducts an examination on a gynecological chair with mirrors. The doctor determines the condition of the vagina, the wall of the cervix, and determines the cause of bleeding, which is the main symptom of uterine cancer.

If there are any changes in the organs, the doctor takes a smear for further examination and takes part of the tissue for a biopsy. After histological examination an accurate diagnosis can be made.

If uterine cancer is diagnosed, the patient undergoes vaginal curettage, then additional examination is performed. A woman is recommended to undergo ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

All diagnostic methods are very important for prescribing the correct combined or radiation treatment for the tumor. Therapy malignant disease depends on the severity of the disease, age and general condition women.