Expectoration of blood in the morning without cough. Blood is not in the sputum, but from nearby organs and tissues. How is hemoptysis classified?

If a person coughs up sputum with blood, this may indicate damage to the bronchi or lung tissue. Normally there should be no blood. When hemoptysis bothers you for a long time, you need to consult a doctor. The reason may be tuberculosis infection or the presence of neoplasms. Similar symptoms mainly occur in adults. So, let's find out what the main reasons for the appearance of sputum with blood are, and what the treatment tactics should be.

The causes of this symptomatology

The appearance of blood when coughing is a common symptom among patients suffering from diseases respiratory organs. There are several types of hemoptysis:

The true form of hemoptysis.
Small pulmonary form.
Moderate pulmonary form of hemoptysis.
Profuse hemoptysis.

The sputum may contain traces of bloody streaks. Pulmonary hemorrhage may also occur. The causes of sputum streaked with blood are very diverse. Doctors observe hemoptysis in the presence of the following lung diseases:

Sometimes sputum with blood occurs with certain diseases of the bronchi. This category includes bronchiectasis with acute bronchitis. Others probable reasons coughing up blood are cystic fibrosis along with stenosis mitral valve, systemic lupus erythematosus, leukemia, hemophilia, sarcoidosis and endometriosis. Blood usually enters the sputum from the throat, sometimes from the mouth. The reason is similar situation There may be bleeding gums or injury to the tongue.

After medical procedures

What could this mean? Sometimes coughing up blood is possible after performing medical procedures, for example, after bronchoscopy, biopsy, surgical interventions, and so on. The detection of blood streaks in sputum does not always indicate any disease. The reason may be a rupture small vessels. This is also possible with a strong cough. Bloody sputum may occur as a result of the use of certain medicines, for example, anticoagulants.

The appearance of this symptom in tuberculosis

Sputum with blood is often a symptom of the active phase of tuberculosis. This pathology is one of the most difficult to treat infectious lung diseases. Every year the number of patients with tuberculosis, unfortunately, increases. More than four million people die from this serious disease every year. The causative agents of the pathology are mycobacteria, which are intracellular microorganisms that are highly resistant to the action of factors environment, and, in addition, to many antibacterial drugs.

About two billion people around the world are infected with these mycobacteria. When immunity is effective, the disease usually does not occur. A predisposing factor in the development of tuberculosis is smoking, along with hypothermia, stress, alcoholism, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, and, in addition, chronic heart pathologies along with hypovitaminosis and the presence of HIV infection may be the causes. Tuberculosis is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:

Sputum with blood is coughed up.
Slight increase in body temperature.
The appearance of a runny nose.
The appearance of wheezing in the lungs.
Increase lymph nodes.
The appearance of night sweats.
Development of weakness and apathy.

With tuberculosis, there is sputum streaked with blood. It can also be purulent. This often happens in the morning. Hemoptysis with this diagnosis occurs already at late stages pathology. Frequent discharge of blood impurities can cause anemia. Tuberculosis, among other things, is also a contagious disease. It can be transmitted even by ordinary by airborne droplets.

What else can cause sputum with blood in the morning?

Worm infestation as a cause of hemoptysis

Development of paragonimiasis.
The presence of strongyloidiasis.
The appearance of echinococcosis.
Presence of hookworm.
Presence of trichinosis.
The appearance of ascariasis.

Ways of infection with roundworms

There is sputum with blood in pneumonia.

Pneumonia

Blood may be released when you cough if pneumonia develops. This mainly occurs when the causative agent of the disease is staphylococcus, legionella or pseudomonas. Pneumonia is called acute inflammation lung tissues. In most cases, this disease is infectious in nature. Its prevalence among the population is fifteen cases per hundred thousand people. Children often suffer from this pathology. Pneumonia is very dangerous due to its complications. It often leads to the death of the patient. The appearance of blood in sputum is typical for

Main symptoms of pneumonia

The main symptom of this form of inflammation is a cough, along with high fever, weakness, shortness of breath and chest pain. At first the cough is dry, then it becomes more productive. In this case, sputum with blood is released. When she has pneumonia, she has a brick color. Symptoms of this disease usually bother a person for about two weeks. Against the background of pneumonia, a segment of the lung or its lobe is involved in the painful process. Often, total inflammation can develop. Pneumonia leads to complications in the form of an abscess, gangrene of the lung, development respiratory failure, endocarditis or myocarditis.

It is very important for making a diagnosis. In the event that there is infectious process, then certain bacteria will be found in the sputum. In cases of suspected tuberculosis, a mantoux test is performed.

The appearance of bloody sputum in cancer

Hemoptysis is one of the signs of the presence lung cancer. This is the most dangerous pathology. Like any other malignant tumor, lung cancer goes through several stages. The effectiveness of therapy largely depends on timely diagnosis pathology. Predisposing factors leading to the development of lung cancer are the following:

Smoking abuse. It does not matter whether it is passive or active.
The presence of burdened heredity.
The presence of chronic pathologies of lung tissue and bronchi.
Appearance endocrine disorders.
Availability harmful conditions labor, for example, contact with asbestos, as well as inhalation of dust.
Interaction with harmful chemicals, for example, with salts heavy metals or with arsenic.
Work in a coal mining or rubber production plant.

It must be said that lung cancer develops much more often among men. Ambient air pollution is also important. This pathology is characterized by the presence of the following symptoms:

The appearance of a cough.
Loss of body weight.
Increased sweating.
Appearance of weakness or shortness of breath.

Sputum with blood without fever due to cancer is observed very often. In this case, blood is mixed with sputum. Sometimes foamy blood may be released. If the blood is fresh, it will be red in color, and coagulated blood will be released in the form of dark clots. At the same time, mucus may be detected in the sputum. The cough in such patients can be extremely painful, and, in addition, annoying. As the disease progresses, symptoms intensify. Often, hemoptysis can be combined with shortness of breath. As peripheral cancer develops, there will be no symptoms.

Carrying out diagnostic activities

Treatment is carried out only after determining the main cause of hemoptysis. Diagnostics includes following procedures:

Conducting a detailed interview with the patient.
A general blood and urine test.
A thorough examination of the mouth and throat.
Performing gastroscopy.
Performance x-ray examination lungs.
Carrying out computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Performing bronchoscopy.
Carrying out microscopic examination sputum for the presence of bacteria.
Carrying out an electrocardiogram.
Listening to the lungs.
Perform temperature, pulse and blood pressure measurements.

Such studies make it possible to identify the patient’s infection. Sometimes they even examine the patient's sweat. This is done if the presence of cystic fibrosis is suspected. In the event that, in parallel with hemoptysis, bleeding also from the nose, then a diagnosis of blood pathology should be carried out.

What is the best treatment for sputum with blood?

Treatment tactics for these pathologies

Treatment in the presence of bloody sputum directly depends on the underlying disease. If blood streaks in the sputum are detected in acute bronchitis, then treatment involves, first of all, maintaining rest along with drinking plenty of fluids and using mucolytics. Patients are also prescribed expectorants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Mucus thinners

In order to thin sputum, the following are used: medicines, such as “Lazolvan” along with “Bromhexine” and “Ambrobene”. If there is chest pain, warm compresses are used. Physiotherapy is widely used. In cases of bronchial obstruction, patients are prescribed bronchodilators. Against the background of bronchitis with a viral infection, antiviral drugs are prescribed in the form of Remantadine and Interferon.

Sputum with blood when coughing, in which veins of a reddish-rusty color are observed, may indicate damage to the lung tissue or pathology of the bronchi. Sometimes the cause of this is the rupture of a small blood vessel in the lungs - in this case, this phenomenon does not pose a particular threat to health. But perhaps blood in the sputum signals infectious processes in the lungs. If you feel normal and cough up sputum with rare streaks of blood unsystematically, then there is no reason to suspect serious illness.

If blood in the sputum appears regularly for some time, you need to go to the clinic. If the patient has a history of, for example, chronic bronchitis, then you should not immediately associate the symptom of blood in the sputum only with this disease. The cause of the appearance of blood in the sputum may be a completely different, not yet diagnosed, disease. Similar symptom most often occurs in adults prone to bad habits.

Classification of hemoptysis

Blood in sputum is not uncommon symptom among patients with respiratory diseases. There are several types of hemoptysis:

True hemoptysis is the release of blood in the form of streaks, impurities, rusty spots with mucous secretion from the bronchi with a daily volume of up to 50 ml.
Minor pulmonary hemorrhage is the discharge of blood with sputum or pure blood, often foamy, with a daily volume of up to 100 ml.
Average pulmonary hemorrhage is the release of blood up to 500 ml of daily volume.
Large or profuse pulmonary hemorrhage - discharge of more than 500 ml of blood per day.

The sputum may contain traces of blood in the form of streaks, or there may be pulmonary hemorrhage.

Causes of blood in sputum

All causes of expectoration of sputum with blood can be divided into: those accompanied by a cough and those that occur without it.

Sputum with blood without cough

There are situations when blood appears in the sputum without coughing. First you need to determine the source of blood supply to the oral cavity. For example, from the lip, tongue, gum, tooth or nasopharynx. The taste of blood in the mouth or blood streaks in the sputum can be observed after medical procedures - bronchoscopy, lung puncture, catheterization pulmonary artery and similar examination methods.

Hemoptysis without signs of cough can manifest itself completely trivial reasons associated with dental problems. Dental pathologies or gum injuries can cause bleeding. Mixing blood with saliva is often mistaken for pathological inclusions in mucus. Such symptoms are also caused by recent hemorrhages in the nasal cavity, penetrating into the oral cavity, and expectorating with sputum for several days.

Such symptoms are typical for vascular tear of the aorta, as well as during medical procedures; such procedures provoke minor hemorrhage and do not require treatment. But there are situations when hemoptysis without cough may be a consequence internal pathologies. The cause may be infectious processes in respiratory system, blood clot in the lung, oncological pathology, or problems with hemostasis (blood clotting).

The most common cause is cardiogenic pulmonary edema, manifested by weakness and pain syndrome in the chest area, with a slight discharge of bright scarlet foamy sputum. Cases of mortality are common. In any such case, a qualified examination is necessary.

Why is there blood in my sputum in the morning?

The manifestation of hemoptisis in the morning often indicates long-term functional disorders in the body associated with:

With inflammatory or tumor processes in the lung tissue;
The development of cellular allergies and granulomas of a specific nature in various organs and body systems caused by tuberculosis bacteria;
Hemorrhagic diathesis;
Pathologies of the nasopharynx and tonsils.

Sputum with blood when coughing

It can even be caused by excessive use of blood thinners. For example, Aspirin. It makes the blood vessels more fragile and with the slightest expectoration, both streaks of blood and liquid blood from mouth. But, most often, the causes of this pathology are still inflammatory and infectious diseases of the respiratory system, various tumors and other diseases internal organs.

Bronchitis. Prolonged cough with sputum. The sputum contains bright scarlet speckles of blood along with pus. High temperature, shortness of breath.
Pneumonia . “Rusty” sputum interspersed with scarlet blood is coughed up. Shortness of breath, weakness, high temperature.
Lung abscess. Persistently elevated temperature, night sweats, chest pain, poor appetite. The sputum is purulent, fetid, interspersed with blood.
Bronchiectasis. The cough is prolonged and there is pus in the sputum. Shortness of breath, fever, weakness.
Tuberculosis. Sustainable low-grade fever, weight loss, lethargy, poor appetite, purulent sputum with traces of blood.
Lungs' cancer. Scarlet streaks in the sputum, prolonged cough, sudden weight loss, feeling of suffocation, heavy sweating at night, chest pain.
Cardiac disorders. Blood stagnation, shortness of breath during exercise, cough with traces of blood.
Pulmonary embolism. Severe pain in the chest, a couple of hours after the onset of pain - coughing up blood.
Respiratory cystic fibrosis. Frequent colds. When coughing, purulent, viscous sputum with traces of blood is produced.
Diseases of the stomach, esophagus, duodenum. Instead of coughing up blood, there is bloody vomiting. It is important to distinguish these phenomena from each other. When vomiting, blood is released in dark red clots.
Pathologies of traumatic origin (after biopsy, bronchoscopy, after operations). A cough with scarlet blood appears after operations or traumatic diagnostic procedures.

Pathological conditions in which blood is observed in saliva:

Dehydration of the body.
Hypothyroidism.
Bronchitis.
Lungs' cancer.
Tuberculosis.
Pneumonia.

Bloody sputum in tuberculosis

Coughing up blood is common symptom active form of tuberculosis. This is one of the most difficult to treat infectious diseases lungs. Every year the number of tuberculosis patients increases. More than 4 million people die from this disease every year. The causative agents of tuberculosis are mycobacteria. These are intracellular microorganisms that are highly resistant to environmental factors and many antibacterial drugs.

About 2 billion people worldwide are infected with mycobacteria. If the immune system is sufficiently strong, the disease does not occur. Predisposing factors for the development of tuberculosis are smoking, hypothermia, stress, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, chronic pathology heart disease, hypovitaminosis, HIV infection.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

cough with sputum;
slight increase in body temperature;
wheezing in the lungs;
night sweats;
weakness;
apathy.

With tuberculosis, sputum with streaks of blood comes out. It may be purulent. This often happens in the morning. Hemoptysis most often occurs in the later stages of the disease. Frequent bleeding can cause anemia. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease. It can be transmitted through airborne droplets, which is why it is so important to consult a doctor promptly.

Worm infestation

Paragonimiasis;
Strongyloidiasis;
Echinococcosis;
Hookworm;
Trichinosis;
Ascariasis.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia may produce blood when coughing. Most often this happens if the causative agents of the disease are staphylococci, legionella, and pseudomonads. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung tissue. In most cases, the disease is infectious in nature. The prevalence of the disease among the population is 10-15 cases per 100 thousand people. Children often suffer. Pneumonia is dangerous due to its possible complications. It often leads to the death of the patient. The appearance of blood in the sputum is most typical for lobar pneumonia.

Taking medications to treat the disease The main symptoms of this form of pneumonia are: cough, high temperature (up to 40 degrees and above), weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain. At first the cough is dry, then it becomes productive. In this case, sputum streaked with blood is released. Sputum brick, rusty color. Symptoms of the disease may bother a person for 1-2 weeks. With pneumonia, both a segment of the lung and a lobe may be involved in the process. Total inflammation often develops. Pneumonia can lead to the following complications: abscess formation, lung gangrene, development of respiratory failure, endocarditis, myocarditis.

Sputum analysis is very important for diagnosis. If there is an infectious process, various bacteria can be found in the sputum. If tuberculosis is suspected, a Mantoux test and a Diaskin test are performed.

Bloody sputum in cancer

Hemoptysis is one of the signs of lung cancer. This is the most dangerous pathology. Like any others malignant tumors, lung cancer occurs in several stages. The effectiveness of treatment largely depends on the timely diagnosis of the disease. Predisposing factors for the development of lung cancer are the following:

smoking (passive and active);
burdened heredity;
the presence of chronic pathology of the lung tissue and bronchi;
endocrine disorders;
harmful working conditions (contact with asbestos, inhalation of dust);
contact with harmful chemical compounds(arsenic, salts of heavy metals);
work at enterprises producing rubber and coal mining.

Lung cancer develops more often in men. Ambient air pollution is also important. Lung cancer is characterized by the following symptoms:

cough;
loss of body weight;
increased sweating;
weakness;
shortness of breath.

Hemoptysis in cancer is very common. Blood may be mixed with sputum. Sometimes foamy scarlet blood is released. If the blood is fresh, it has a bright red color. Coagulated blood is released in the form of clots. At the same time, mucus may be detected in the sputum. The cough of such patients is painful and annoying. As the disease progresses, symptoms intensify. Often hemoptysis is combined with shortness of breath. If peripheral lung cancer develops, there may be no symptoms.

When should you see a doctor?

The appearance of the following symptoms indicates the presence of a serious illness and requires immediate medical attention:

Cough with copious discharge of blood;
Weakness, weight loss, lack of appetite;
Prolonged cough in smokers;
Dyspnea (feeling of lack of air) that occurs at rest;
The appearance of severe chest pain.

In rare cases, pulmonary hemorrhage may occur against the background of tuberculosis or lung cancer. If there is copious discharge of scarlet blood with foam, the person must be placed in a semi-sitting position and immediately call emergency medical help. All blood that comes out must be coughed out and not retained inside.

If blood appears in your sputum, be sure to consult your doctor:

Blood in sputum when coughing is serious symptom serious illnesses. If you observe such a terrible phenomenon in yourself or your loved ones, you should not hesitate to visit a doctor. Timely treatment will help preserve health, and in some cases, life.

Diagnostic measures

Treatment is carried out only after the underlying cause of the appearance of blood in the sputum has been established. Diagnostics includes:

interviewing the patient and collecting anamnesis;
general blood and urine analysis;
examination of the mouth and throat;
conducting FGDS;
X-ray examination of the lungs;
CT or MRI;
bronchoscopy;
microscopic examination of sputum for the presence of bacteria;
conducting an ECG;
listening to the lungs;
measuring temperature, pressure, pulse.

These studies can detect whether a person is infected. Sometimes the patient's sweat may be examined. This is observed when cystic fibrosis is suspected. If at the same time blood comes out of the nose periodically, blood diseases should be excluded.

With this symptom, in almost 10% of patients, the diagnosis does not always “work” even with a thorough and lengthy examination, which forces the patient to repeat the research process after two weeks. And almost half of the patients who failed to establish a diagnosis turned out to be “ardent smokers.” After initial examination if the doctor reveals alarming symptoms, he will give a referral for examination to more specialized specialists.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment depends on the underlying disease. If streaks of blood in the sputum are found in acute bronchitis, treatment involves: maintaining rest, drinking plenty of fluids, use of mucolytics, expectorants, NSAIDs. Used to thin and improve mucus discharge the following means: Lazolvan, Bromhexine, Ambrobene, thermopsis infusion, marshmallow root infusion. If your chest hurts, warm compresses can be used. Physiotherapy is widely used. In case of bronchial obstruction, bronchodilators are indicated. For bronchitis due to a viral infection, antiviral drugs (Remantadine, Interferon) are prescribed.

Symptomatic therapy includes taking bronchodilators (Eufillin, Berotek, Salbutamol), mucolytics, and expectorants. When found cancerous tumor on early stage held surgery. After surgery, radiation and drug therapy. Chemotherapy is used if surgery is not possible for the patient. In later stages, in the presence of metastases, palliative therapy is organized in other organs. It is aimed at prolonging the life of the patient. Thus, the appearance of blood in the sputum is a reason to consult a doctor.

Pulmonary hemorrhage and first aid

If a person begins to secrete copious amounts of bloody foam from the mouth, this is emergency, the so-called pulmonary hemorrhage. It is necessary to hospitalize the patient without delay. First of all, call " Ambulance" Pulmonary hemorrhage can occur with tuberculosis or lung cancer.

It is necessary to help the patient take a half-sitting position and allow him to swallow some ice. Raise the patient's head. Any blood that comes out must be coughed up immediately and under no circumstances should it be retained inside. The patient should not be allowed to swallow blood. The danger of pulmonary hemorrhage is that blood can get into the deep layers of the lung tissue, and this causes a serious pathology - aspiration pneumonia.

Preventing the appearance of blood in sputum

General preventive measures are:

healthy image life, moderate physical activity, frequent exposure to fresh air;
rational balanced diet a diet rich in vitamins and microelements;
strengthening the immune system, hardening, preventing colds;
quitting or reducing smoking;
restriction of visiting crowded places during epidemics of viral diseases;
regular Spa treatment for those suffering from chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system;
treating a cold at its first symptoms, preventing complications;
To prevent pulmonary hemorrhage, it is necessary to promptly identify and treat diseases against which it can develop, and control blood clotting.

In a number of diseases, most often of the respiratory system, a cough may be accompanied by a slight or copious discharge blood - liquid, in the form of small inclusions or clots. If sputum with blood during a cold is observed repeatedly, you need to consult a doctor and undergo an examination in order to promptly identify complications. Treatment of hemoptysis depends on the causes that caused it, and a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system, preventing colds and timely treatment of other diseases are the best prevention.

Blood in the sputum during coughing indicates serious pathologies in the body. It could be like pulmonary diseases, as well as diseases of some other internal organs. Regular cough with discharge bloody sputum requires immediate medical diagnostics and treatment.

Types of hemoptysis

In medicine, types of hemoptysis differ in the volume of blood output and the type of discharge. The classification into groups is as follows:

true hemoptysis (or hemoptosis), in which some of the blood (up to 50 ml per day) is released when coughing with sputum. The color of blood can be either bright or dark. At the same time, copious mucus secretion is observed from the bronchi;
small pulmonary hemorrhage, when the blood is of a natural color with a small amount mucus appears in the coughed up frothy sputum. The volume of discharge reaches 100 ml per day;
bleeding of an average type, if the daily volume of blood released reaches 500 ml;
Profuse bleeding, life-threatening, in which the daily volume of mucus with blood is more than 500 ml.

Hemoptysis (hemoptysis) can lead to fatal outcome. Determining diseases is complicated by the fact that sometimes in order to make a correct diagnosis the patient needs to be in the hospital for a full examination.

All possible causes of blood when coughing

There can be many reasons for hemoptysis. Not all of them are life-threatening, but all require treatment. From the trachea and bronchi it is:

tumors. Characterized by increased sweating at night and loss of body weight. The risk group includes smokers, HIV-infected people;
bronchitis. Accompanied acute cough, develop in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or in people who smoke;
bronchiectasis (irreversible pathology of dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles). Develop in patients with recurrent infections, it is noted chronic cough;
reception medications, relieving bronchospasms. In this case, calcification of the lymph nodes occurs in patients with granulomatous diseases;
foreign body in respiratory tract. It often happens in young children when they accidentally inhale an object. There is a chronic cough, but no cold symptoms.

From the lung parenchyma side, blood in the sputum may appear due to:

lung abscess. Characterized by weight loss, increased night sweats, cough, fever;
pneumonia, accompanied by an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood, cough, fever, difficulty breathing;
granulomatous diseases in the active stage (tuberculosis, syphilis) or madurmycosis, in which there is an increase in temperature, weight loss, cough, and increased sweating at night;
Goodpasture's syndrome. Symptoms: chronic fatigue, weight loss, blood in the urine;
lupus pneumonitis. Pain when deep breathing, cough, fever.

From the blood vessels, hemoptysis is provoked by:

arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels (pathological connection between an artery and a vein), in which star-shaped spots appear on the skin, sometimes the facial skin acquires a bluish tint;
blockage of the pulmonary artery or its branches by blood clots. Symptoms: sharp pain in the chest, rapid shallow breathing, increased heart rate;
aortic aneurysm with bleeding into the lung parenchyma. Worried about severe back pain;
rupture of the pulmonary artery, which is sometimes caused by inserting a catheter into the pulmonary artery.

Other causes of blood in sputum when coughing:

pulmonary endometriosis (recurrent coughing up blood during menstruation);
bleeding disorder due to ingestion medical supplies or inherited.

Symptoms of coughing up blood

Often hemoptysis is a symptom of dangerous diseases that are difficult to treat. Similar diseases, not detected in time, lead to death.

Tuberculosis is rarely cured completely, but this does not mean that it does not need to be treated. Doctors’ actions are aimed at slowing down the development of pathology, which in active phase provokes the development of many complications in the patient. In the recurrent phase, bleeding may begin when a large volume of blood comes out with sputum and the patient requires urgent hospitalization. To more mild form exacerbations include hemoptysis - the release of a small amount of blood during coughing, which is easier to cope with. Coughing up blood may begin for the following reasons:

because of high blood pressure in the vessels of the pulmonary circulation;
due to blood clotting disorders;
due to the formation of blood clots;
due to increased permeability of vascular walls.

The principle of development of hemoptysis occurs as follows. Inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract or negative impact toxins disrupt the permeability of the walls of small vessels and capillaries. Because of this, blood can enter the bronchi and come out when coughing with phlegm. Coughing irritates the airways and discharge becomes more intense.

Sometimes a rupture of the vessel wall occurs, since during tuberculosis infection the vessels become thinner and lose their elasticity. The larger the burst vessel, the more blood enters the bronchi. Large volumes of blood in the bronchi and trachea cause suffocation and, in the absence of timely medical care, the patient may die.

Mortality from tuberculosis infection is increasing every year. Infected patients sometimes do not know that the pathology is already in the body. If the immune system is strong enough, mycobacteria may not manifest themselves for a long time. The increase in their activity is influenced by:

smoking, alcoholism;
constant stress;
hypothermia;
diabetes;
chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system;
presence of HIV infection in the body.

The following signs indicate that a patient is infected with tuberculosis:

presence of blood in sputum during cough;
slight changes in body temperature;
chronic runny nose, difficult to treat;
wheezing;
enlarged lymph nodes;
increased night sweats;
constant fatigue and apathy.

Poor appetite leads to weight loss. At times, pus is found in the sputum along with blood. Hemoptysis is observed already in the later stages of the disease. Frequent blood loss leads to anemia.

The disease is contagious, so constant monitoring of your health will help avoid many complications.

Bronchitis

A cough with blood in bronchitis is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, if they enter the respiratory tract from the nasopharynx and cause inflammatory processes there.

The cough is constant and very strong and deep. At first it is not reproductive, then when sputum begins to be discharged with small blood streaks of a brownish color. They get into the sputum because the vessels of the bronchial tree are injured due to:

frequent and dry cough;
violations of the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels;
lack of vitamins.

Signs of bronchitis when coughing with blood include:

increased body temperature;
difficulty breathing;
wheezing;
frequent cough;
sweating;
chest pain.

If bronchitis is not detected in time, then, if left untreated, it leads to pneumonia (pneumonia). An emergency call is required when symptoms appear suddenly and worsen over a short period of time.

The disease is difficult to diagnose due to its good ability to “disguise” as other diseases. If worms have settled in the lungs, then their symptoms negative influence on the body are similar to the symptoms of pneumonia and bronchial asthma. In this case, it becomes difficult to determine the cause of hemoptysis.

Coughing up blood can be caused by:

ascariasis;
trichinosis;
hookworm;
paragonimiasis.

Infection with helminths occurs through the consumption of unwashed fruits, through the skin, through dirty hands or through contact with an already infected person.

Symptoms of the presence of worms in the body:

weight loss;
headache
nausea;
vomit;
pain of unknown etiology in the abdomen or in the lungs;
dry cough.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a serious disease with many complications. The release of blood with sputum during a cough may indicate either the onset of internal bleeding or a small rupture of a capillary.

If during pneumonia there suddenly appears in the sputum a large number of blood and went away immediately, then there is no big cause for concern.

Hemoptysis due to pneumonia is caused by:

long-term use of medications that corrode the walls of the gastric mucosa and lead to ulcers;
accompanying pneumonia purulent lesion tonsils;
rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the lungs (in which it is almost impossible to save the patient’s life).

Blood in the sputum during a cough with this disease is considered a complication requiring urgent medical intervention.

Signs of pneumonia complicated by hemoptysis:

fatigue, headache;
chest pain;
labored breathing;
coughing up blood or shortness of breath;
increased body temperature;
weakness.

The more intense the inflammation in the lung tissues, the brighter the color of the blood. Once recovery begins, the cough becomes productive and foam or clear mucus may be produced.

Oncology

With lung cancer, hemoptysis frightens the patient at first and then becomes very exhausting. The presence of blood in sputum results in:

violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels;
hemorrhage into the alveoli;
immunopathological inflammation of blood vessels.

A growing tumor leads to rupture of blood vessels, and the type of hemoptysis depends on how close it is to the bronchi. The first thing that appears is sputum with pus and mucus. Subsequently, blood clots are mixed with it. Cough accompanied by severe pain in the chest area. Shortness of breath appears.

In the first two stages of cancer, blood may appear in the sputum in the form of small streaks. The more advanced the disease, the more often blood appears when coughing, its concentration in the sputum increases, and coughing attacks become more painful.

First aid for pulmonary hemorrhage

If you suspect pulmonary hemorrhage, you should urgently call an ambulance emergency assistance. Before doctors arrive, the person who is with the patient must:

provide the victim with peace;
remove clothes that interfere with breathing and open windows to increase the flow of fresh air;
to prevent blood from entering a healthy lung, you need to help the patient take a semi-sitting position;
You can’t give the patient food and drink, you can’t talk to him either;
apply ice or a heating pad with cold water to the affected part of the body, removing it every quarter of an hour so that it does not become hypothermic;
if possible, you can inject intramuscularly a solution of 10% calcium gluconate (approximately 5-10 ml);
for shortness of breath, administer sulfocamphocaine (2 ml) intramuscularly.

During pulmonary bleeding, it is forbidden to warm the affected area by any means (take hot baths, use cups, hot water bottles, mustard plasters, warming compresses).

Treatment

Treatment of cough with blood comes down to eliminating the cause that causes it. Self-medication is unacceptable. Hemoptysis cannot be treated by any method of traditional medicine.

Home procedures (inhalations, decoctions, teas) for some types of diseases can be carried out only after agreement with the attending physician and under his supervision.

The attending physician, after a thorough examination and a series of tests, will prescribe the most appropriate drug therapy. In case of inflammatory processes, turn to antibacterial therapy. Viral infections are treated with antiviral drugs along with immunomodulatory agents. If drug therapy does not produce the desired effect, the doctor, in some cases, may prescribe surgery.

Cough- This is one of the most common signs indicating diseases of the human respiratory system. This cough occurs when the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are irritated and, as a result, blood vessels are damaged, which leads to the appearance of blood in the sputum.

This is a very dangerous irritation, so its very presence indicates the possibility internal bleeding due to the rupture of a small vessel in the lungs. Blood in the sputum may be a sign of the onset of the development of infectious diseases in the lung area, such as tuberculosis, tumor different sizes or pneumonia.

If a person's medical history contains a record of chronic bronchitis, then there is no need to associate blood in the sputum with these diseases. The reason may be various functional disorders respiratory organs

Causes of sputum with blood

Experts identify the following main reasons:

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Classification of hemoptysis

Depending on the volume and consistency of sputum, the following types of hemoptysis are distinguished:

Hemoptysis of a true nature. The volume of sputum secretion with blood usually does not exceed 50-60 ml per day. The sputum is mucous and viscous, with clearly visible veins of blood and slightly orange spots secreted by the bronchi.
Low level pulmonary hemoptysis. The total volume of sputum with blood per day does not exceed 90-100 ml. Its consistency is more liquid and cleaner, without wet spots, and sometimes it is foamy in nature.
Moderate pulmonary hemoptysis. Accompanied heavy blood loss more than 450 ml in one day. The blood may foam slightly and is often clear and free of impurities.
Pulmonary hemoptysis of a large level. Dangerous condition for the patient, since the volume of expectorated blood may exceed 520 ml. Poses a serious threat to life.

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Pathological conditions in which blood is observed in saliva

All of the following conditions are very dangerous to health, and leaving them untreated is dangerous:

Inflammatory reactions occurring in the lungs. This includes acute bronchitis, various purulent diseases of the lung tissue, tuberculosis and chronic inflammation lungs and bronchi.
Pathological neoplasms. Among them, adenocarcinoma and lung cancer are the most common.
Other diseases. Imbalance of salts in the body (cystic fibrosis), disorders of the circulatory system, blood clots in the vessels of the lungs, damage and injury to the lungs, birth defects in the development of veins or arteries and diathesis.

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Bloody sputum in tuberculosis

IN active form Tuberculosis cough with blood is one of the main symptoms. This disease is difficult to treat.

The cause of development is pathogenic microbacteria that have increased resistance to the effects of external environment and various antibacterial drugs.

The period of tuberculosis disease is characterized by copious sputum production with noticeably visible veins of blood. Sputum can be purulent or normal, and its peak production occurs in the morning. Hemoptysis, like independent symptom, occurs on more later stages development, this is important to remember, as it can easily be confused with anemia.

The main cause of bronchitis accompanied by sputum is viral infection. The disease occurs due to damage by bacteria, and in some cases, when the body is exposed to allergens.

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Worm infestation

The reason for the development of this disease is helminths in large quantities. They can freely live in almost any human organ, including the lungs. At helminthic infestation sputum with clearly visible blood stains is produced.

Infection occurs through poorly washed food, dirty water or through skin contact. A cough with helminthic infestation is often dry and accompanied by a small amount of discharge from the lungs.

Pneumonia

In medical terminology, it is usually called pneumonia. The main causative agents of the damaging processes are staphylococci and pseudomonads. This is a very dangerous disease, as complications can lead to death.

Hemoptysis is most suitable for pneumonia of the croupous type. She manifests herself with a dry cough, acute pain in the chest and elevated temperature(up to 40 0 C). As the disease progresses, sputum with streaks of blood begins to be released during coughing.

All these symptoms may last for 2-3 weeks. Without proper treatment, the following complications arise: lung abscess, inflammation of lung gangrene and myocarditis

It is very important to pay attention to the nature of the sputum, since it can be used to determine the correct diagnosis and stage of progression.

Bloody sputum in cancer

Hemoptysis can be a symptom of the most dangerous lung disease, namely cancer.

Highlight following reasons development of this disease:

bad habits;
genetic predisposition;
pathology of lung or bronchial tissue;
disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system;
poor environmental situation;
contact with hazardous and toxic chemicals.

Recognize progression cancer based on the following symptoms:

severe and persistent cough;
sudden weight loss;
excessive sweating;
weakness and chronic fatigue;
difficult shortness of breath.

When you cough, you produce sputum mixed with blood. Blood that has clotted will be expectorated in the form of small clots, while fresh blood will be a rich red color.

At the same time, mucus along with sputum may be coughed up.

The patient suffers from severe and painful cough accompanied by shortness of breath. As the disease progresses, clinical symptoms rapidly intensify. However, as peripheral lung cancer progresses, symptoms may not appear.

Diagnostic measures

A competent doctor begins treatment only when the causes of blood when coughing are definitely established.

The patient is given the following diagnostic complex:

full inspection and collection of all necessary data;
blood and urine tests;
throat examination;
conduct an ECG;
listening to the lungs;
measuring temperature and pressure.

Depending on the clinical symptoms Specialists with narrower profiles can also join in the diagnostics.

When is immediate examination by a specialist required?

When the patient notes following symptoms, then this indicates the presence of a serious illness, which, without proper treatment, can lead to dangerous complications:

Expectoration of blood along with cough.
Weakness and lethargy, poor appetite, weight loss.
Difficult shortness of breath that occurs without physical activity.
Severe pain in the chest area.

Against the backdrop of such dangerous diseases In some cases, pulmonary hemorrhage may occur. In this case, the patient should take a sitting position and immediately call an ambulance. Anything that cannot be coughed up should be kept inside.

Treatment

Treatment is prescribed depending on the diagnosis, since hemoptysis is only a symptom. For bronchitis in acute form the patient needs rest, plenty of fluids, the use of mucolytics and expectorants (Lazolvan, Ambrobene, marshmallow infusion).

If infection occurs infectiously, then Remantadine or Interferon is prescribed for treatment

If the cause of the disease is a tumor, then at an early stage surgery. Chemotherapy is performed only in cases where surgery is not possible.

Presence of blood when coughing up dangerous signal, after which you should immediately consult a doctor. This will help preserve not only health, but in some cases, life.

However, there are some rules that, if followed, will help prevent the appearance of blood in sputum:

Healthy and active lifestyle;
Proper diet enriched with vitamins;
Rejection of bad habits;
Fast and effective treatment any colds.

Such simple rules will help preserve human health in general for as long as possible and prevent many dangerous diseases.

The occurrence of a problem such as sputum with blood is a signal from the body that it is present and actively developing serious pathology. If such violations are detected, you should immediately seek help from a specialist so that he can select effective treatment as quickly as possible and can preserve the patient’s health, and in some cases, life. In this article we will look at the main reasons for the appearance of this pathology, diagnostic methods and possible options treatment.

Causes

As a rule, non-bloody phlegm coming from the throat is considered normal. However, if it is still present, you should seriously think about the state of your health.

There is a certain taxonomy of hemoptysis and the reasons are largely related to it:

the presence of blood streaks or foreign impurities in the sputum;
when spitting, sputum mixed with blood is detected;
discharge of blood in a volume of up to 500 ml. per day;
release of a blood volume of more than 500 ml.

It is not uncommon for blood in the sputum when coughing from the throat to occur as a result of a ruptured blood vessel. small size in the area of the lungs, which is why these changes are not characterized by a serious problem or threat to health, especially if a person feels well and sputum with the presence of blood does not come out systematically. However, the presence of sputum in the throat with blood may not always indicate such a minor change.

Very often, expectoration of blood and the reasons for this may indicate the presence of diseases in the body infectious nature in the lung area, for example pneumonia, lung tumors or tuberculosis.

Before studying the causes of the problem, you should make sure that the occurrence of sputum with blood in the throat is not related to the functionality of the stomach or intestines. Although the signs are similar, they still have certain differences. So, for example, if there is a cough with blood, then the reasons are hidden in the work gastrointestinal tract, then the patient experiences unpleasant tingling sensations in the sternum before coughing, and this condition may also be accompanied by unpleasant discomfort in the abdominal area.

There are a number of negative conditions accompanied by the presence of such a problem in the larynx as streaks of blood in the sputum with certain inclusions:

Availability inflammatory process in the lung area;
the presence of neoplasms;
illnesses of a different nature (lung injury, pathological development veins and arteries).

The most common reason is the diagnosis of acute and severe bronchitis in a patient. A more precise cause of hemoptysis is determined by the attending physician based on a survey regarding probable symptoms and conducting a thorough examination. As a rule, during the period of activation of pneumonia, expectoration with blood is present in more than half of the patients, and this is possible when coughing up sputum not containing blood. About bronchitis in acute or chronic form can be characterized by an increased cough, which may appear suddenly and streaks of blood will be observed. A particular threat to human health and life may come from pulmonary hemorrhage, since during coughing it forms profuse bleeding simultaneously with shortness of breath and severe pain in the chest area. In this condition, urgent hospitalization is required. Sputum with blood without coughing also occurs and requires no less careful study.

Sputum in pathological conditions

People may encounter this problem due to various pathological changes. Let us consider in more detail the symptoms of coughing with blood in order to answer the question that interests many patients, why blood is found in the sputum when coughing and what to do if it appears and does not have the ability to expectorate.

The appearance of blood and phlegm in the throat in the morning. If coughing up blood in the morning begins to be constant, then this most likely indicates that there are problems in the body. serious violations related to the functionality of certain organs. In most cases, morning pathology develops in the upper respiratory tract. As a rule, blood from the throat can come out over the course of several expectorations, and the manifestation may not always be accompanied by a cough. A person may detect blood clots large size(he does not always clear his throat with ease), in which pus or the presence of mucus may be detected. The reason is in this case It is worth looking in the tonsils or nasopharynx, but capillary bleeding from the area of bleeding gums is also possible (that is, the gums are bleeding), as evidenced by blood in the sputum in the morning.
The presence of blood streaks in the sputum. This is possible when blood vessels are damaged, resulting in there's blood coming out and gradually enters the lumen of the bronchi. It is eventually released through coughing. There are often cases when the reason for this may be an insufficient presence of vitamins in the body or when a strong cough begins to damage a vessel. The reason for contacting a specialist and further examination is to accompany changes associated with loss of appetite, which may entail a sharp decline weight, a feeling of weakness, possible shortness of breath and an increase in the duration of the cough.
Sputum with blood in bronchitis. This cough with blood during bronchitis, in most cases diagnosed, is wet. There may be a change in body temperature, and blood may be coughed up from the throat during long period time. At physical effort the person coughs and feels short of breath, there may be pus in the sputum, and blood is released in the form of streaks.
Sputum streaked with blood colds. It is possible to detect a violation of the cavity of small vessels that are subject to breakage at the time of traditional cold cough, which entails the release of blood from the nasopharynx, which begins to cough up. However, cases cannot be ruled out when sputum produced during a cold can be provoked by the presence of other ailments closely related to it. The patient's condition begins to rapidly deteriorate, especially if the disease is chronic or acute, sputum is difficult to come out, the person cannot clear his throat, and bleeding from the throat noticeably increases.

If you detect any abnormalities in the performance of your body or detect blood in your sputum when you cough, you should immediately seek help and examination. In the future, the specialist will be able to make an accurate diagnosis, identify the cause of where the blood is coming from, and, if necessary, formulate further possible varieties treatment.

Diagnostic measures

What should a patient do if a problem such as bloody discharge from the throat occurs? Further treatment of the patient is formed only after the doctor can establish the exact cause of coughing up blood.

Diagnostic measures involve certain actions:

questioning the patient regarding his complaints and general condition health;
taking a general blood and urine test;
examination of the patient’s mouth and throat;
examination of the lung area using X-ray; if there are darkened fragments in the image, this indicates the presence of an inflammation process;
conducting computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging;
studying the results of bronchoscopy - studying the lumen of the bronchi, if it narrows, then this will be clearly displayed in the picture;
taking an electrocardiogram;
listening to the lungs for the presence of wheezing or other extraneous sounds cough illness;
measurement of pulse, body temperature and blood pressure.

All these studies make it possible to detect a patient’s infection. Based on the data obtained, the doctor determines the severity of the pathology present, such as sputum with blood when coughing, further treatment and the need for the patient’s subsequent stay in the hospital, since the disease cannot always be eliminated while staying at home. Also, the patient may require urgent surgery, therefore, in order to eliminate the risk, individual situations the patient is still advised to stay within the medical center.

Treatment methods for this cough

What to do if detected concomitant disease? The treatment regimen depends on the underlying disease. If this is acute bronchitis, then the patient needs constant rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and mucolytics and expectorants are prescribed as medications. For liquefaction, Lazolvan, Ambrobene or Bromhexine should be used.

At pain You can use warm compresses, which will make it easier for the mucus in your throat to come out.

Physiotherapeutic measures are especially useful. If the current disease is complicated, the patient is prescribed antiviral drugs, for example, Interferon or Rematidine, and complexes whose action is aimed at dilating the bronchi (Eufillin, Salbutamol). If a patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, this means that he needs to take antibiotics to stop coughing up blood in the first place.

IN in some cases the patient may require surgical intervention, especially if he is diagnosed with the presence of malignant neoplasms at the initial stage of development. After surgery the patient will need radiation treatment, especially if the patient experienced blood from the mouth not when coughing. If metastases are detected, which can appear a short period of time after the appearance of tumors, a palliative treatment method is organized in order to prolong a person’s life.

Thus, the presence of blood in the sputum indicates that the patient needs health care, since it is possible that there is a serious disease that requires immediate elimination, which means you should go to the doctor. Sputum with blood when coughing and the reasons why it may be released can indicate the health of the patient. Do not forget that the state of health depends solely on how attentive a person is to his health.

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