Carminatives. Carminative

Carminatives

(carminativa) are prescribed to remove gases accumulated in it from the intestines. With improper digestion, with the development of abnormal processes of fermentation and decomposition in the digestive tract, with a disorder of activity nervous system, a change in the innervation (contraction) of the intestine (for example, during hysteria), very a large number of gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.). Accumulated gases, stretching the intestines, raise the abdominal obstruction high and cause significant disruption of blood circulation and breathing, and when absorbed blood vessels intestines and entering the blood, causing painful symptoms of poisoning. In order to reduce or completely stop the formation of gases in the intestines, a variety of anti-fermentation and nerve agents, depending on the reason for the development of gases; in order to enhance their removal from the body through natural way substances that absorb gases are prescribed, for example. coal, with which they are removed, or special ones - “V. means”. In the broad sense of the word, the latter should include all means and medicinal substances, making intestinal contractions more regular and accelerating the removal of its contents from the intestines, such as laxatives, massage, electrification (faradization) of the abdominal walls, compresses, etc. Very much is used as a carminative. big number medicinal substances, mainly from the plant kingdom, acting contained in them essential oils. The way in which they act is not yet completely clear for many of these remedies. The main and most commonly used “carminatives” in Russia are the seeds of anise (anisum), dill (foeniculus), parsley (petroselium), fragrant cumin (carvus), cloves (caryophylus), mint leaves (mentha), lemon balm (melissa), laurel (laurus), etc. Some nerve agents, mainly anticonvulsants, are also used as carminatives: strychnine, valerian, camphor, belladonna, chloroform, ether. In the old days, the arsenal of carminatives was very rich, but in our time it is rapidly declining; very many means that were previously considered powerful are now recognized as invalid.

A. Lipsky.

encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

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Often, for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, a carminative is prescribed. What kind of drug this is and how it works - this will be discussed in the article.

Mechanism of action

Drugs in this category help eliminate excess gas formation. The therapeutic effect is based on a change in and subsequent destruction of gas bubbles that form in intestinal mucus and gastric contents. The released gases are eliminated by peristalsis or absorbed into the intestinal walls. The mechanism of activity may also be determined by a number of other factors. In particular, the effect develops as a result of increased intestinal motility and an antispasmodic effect on the sphincter muscles. As a result, pain and discomfort are reduced, eliminated, and the processes of absorption and digestion of food are optimized.

Carminatives for newborns

Flatulence occurs quite often in infants. Eliminate symptoms pathological condition in children who are on natural feeding, it is possible without the use of drugs. However, if the child is transferred to artificial nutrition, to eliminate the tummy, the pediatrician prescribes a carminative. Today, quite a lot of drugs in this group are produced. But not all of them are approved for use in infancy.

Popular drugs for gastrointestinal disorders that have no age restrictions

The medicine "Bebinos" is available in the form of drops for oral administration. The medication is of plant origin and has an antispasmodic and carminative effect. The drug is effective in both eliminating and preventing discomfort and bloating. The medicine is indicated for intestinal colic. This carminative is not prescribed if the components are intolerant. The medication can be used both diluted and pure form. Schoolchildren are prescribed 10-15 drops, children over one year old - 6-10 drops, infants - 3-6 drops. The frequency of administration is three times a day. As side effects Allergies associated with intolerance to the components may occur.

Another very popular carminative is the medicine Active component it contains simethicone. The drug is available in various forms: capsules, tablets, emulsion, suspension, drops. The medication is intended for oral administration. This medicine is prescribed not only to eliminate or prevent flatulence. The drug is recommended before various diagnostic measures on the organs of the peritoneum and pelvis. Before gastroscopy, taking the product prevents the formation of foam. However, the range of contraindications is somewhat wider. In particular, the drug is not prescribed for obstructive gastrointestinal pathologies, intestinal obstruction and hypersensitivity. The dosage regimen in each case is prescribed by the doctor personally. When taking the product as undesirable consequences allergies may occur.

Many people face various problems at work gastrointestinal tract. One of these unpleasant ailments is flatulence. Simply put, excessive accumulation of gases. Flatulence does not bother some people big problems, occurring rarely. As a rule, gases can accumulate in the body after a person has eaten any food that provokes their formation. But for some it is unpleasant condition becomes real problem. It is difficult for a person to be in society. Flatulence can put him in a very awkward position, and also cause severe pain, colic in the abdominal area. And a carminative can help with this. What it is and how to use it will be discussed below.

We are not as worried about ourselves as we are about our children. The problem of bloating also plagues little ones. Especially immediately after birth. It is very difficult for parents to understand what is wrong with their child. The accumulation of gases in the tummy brings suffering to the child, to which he reacts with loud crying. Carminative in case of flatulence, in this case it is a matter of first necessity.

What to do about gas formation in the body?

Nowadays, solving this unpleasant and sensitive problem is not difficult. You just need to choose a good carminative. If you have never heard of this concept and do not know what we are talking about, then read the information below. We'll talk about medicines, as well as about the means traditional medicine.

Carminative - what is it?

So, as we said above, you can get rid of unpleasant symptoms and normalize the condition of the gastrointestinal tract with the help pharmaceutical drugs, or you can use herbs. We will talk about some of them to help you speed up the solution to your gas problem.

Carminatives are drugs that reduce and eliminate the amount of gas in digestive tract, fight flatulence. Using them, you can help yourself and your child.

Carminatives

So, we answered the question of what a carminative is. Now let's talk directly about the drugs.

Nowadays, pharmacies sell great amount various medications. It's hard not to get confused in such an assortment. Most often, specialists prescribe the remedies listed below.

"Simethicone"

It is considered one of the most popular drugs. The components in Simethicone actively fight gas bubbles and relieve tension. The medicine is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but it protects against re-development flatulence. The discomfort goes away, gases are eliminated naturally.

The drug is available in two forms. These are capsules and suspension. For an adult, 1-2 capsules per day or 25 to 50 drops of suspension are enough. This remedy rarely causes allergies. Use is prohibited only in case of individual intolerance to the components of the drug and intestinal obstruction.

It has analogues. These are the drugs "Espumizan", "Bobotik", "Simicol".

"Gerbion"

This carminative is often used to treat gas in the body. It copes well with pain, removes gases, and helps the gastrointestinal tract. In the composition of the drug "Gerbion" some of the components have natural origin, they relieve all symptoms very gently.

It is prescribed 20-30 drops three times a day 30 minutes before meals. But "Gerbion" has a number of contraindications. It may cause an allergic reaction.

The drug "Gerbion" should not be taken for liver problems, brain diseases, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, for problems with alcohol, epilepsy, and should not be given to children.

"Kuplaton"

Dimethicone is main component, which fights gas bubbles. It promotes their removal from the body. The drug is taken 5 drops 4 times a day. The medicine "Kuplaton" can cause allergic reactions.

"Pankreoflat"

It contains dimethicone, as in the previous product, but in combination with pancreatin. It is this that reduces gas formation and relieves pain. Also warns reappearance diseases, helps the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

You need to take 1-2 tablets. Component intolerance is possible.

Natural carminatives

How often do we forget that there are countless numbers of people around us? medicinal herbs. They can help everyone cope with various ailments. For each disease, in addition to the medicine sold in the pharmacy, you can choose a natural analogue, which often has much more beneficial effects. soft effect. And as we mentioned above, for children such treatment in many situations is better than using chemicals, which may also be of poor quality.

Traditional medicine for flatulence

• Dill. Our grandmothers always used dill, or rather its seeds, when dealing with gas, especially when it concerned children. Anyone can get them, they do no harm, but their benefits have been proven for centuries. So, all you need is to brew 2 tablespoons of dill seeds in half a liter of boiling water, cool and take half a glass 15-20 minutes before meals.
• Caraway. There are many recipes based on it that help with diseases. Cumin seeds are rich in various active substances. You need to brew it in the same way as dill. Just take half the dose. Not a tablespoon, but a teaspoon per glass of boiling water. Drink half a glass 2-3 times a day, or a third.
• Fennel. The fruits are used to prepare the infusion. Take a tablespoon of fennel, pour 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew. Take in the same way as the previous remedy.
• Ginger. The root is used here. This infusion can be drunk as tea. And it's very easy to do. Cut a piece no larger than one centimeter from the root, pour boiling water over it, cool, add honey and lemon.
• Chamomile. Everything is prepared according to the same principle. A spoonful of dry herbs per glass of boiling water. You can additionally use honey, mint, lemon, caraway seeds and dill. It is enough to take 1 tablespoon of this composition 2 times a day.

Prevention of flatulence

Of course, in order not to provoke the formation of excess gases in the body, you can avoid eating many foods. But for most people this is not an option, and it is unrealistic.

You can do it much simpler. Drink the infusions and decoctions that we recommended above, not only at the moment when you already have unpleasant symptoms or pain, but also as a preventive measure. All of them do not taste unpleasant and do not cause disgust. And the effect of use will be obvious. The fact is that natural components help cope with ailments and additionally saturate the body with vitamins and beneficial elements.

We think we have answered the question of what a carminative means and what its principle of action is.

There can be quite a few reasons for increased gas formation - from completely harmless physiological factors associated with overeating, to dangerous infectious diseases. Tablets for bloating and gas formation help cope with the unpleasant symptom, but if the need to take them arises constantly, you should consult a doctor.

Most drugs to eliminate dyspeptic disorders can be bought at a pharmacy without a prescription. Taking them will alleviate the condition if an attack of flatulence takes you by surprise, but, nevertheless, it is advisable that such tablets, like any medications, be prescribed by a doctor.

Activated carbon

The most cheap pills from bloating - Activated carbon. Its effectiveness is based on the fact that the surface of the coal absorbs harmful substances, toxins found in the intestines and excess gases. As a result, the patient's condition noticeably improves.

The drug has virtually no contraindications, although it is not recommended to take it if you suspect intestinal obstruction or have abdominal injuries. Side effects include a change in the color of the stool - it becomes dark or black. The price of the drug is from 15 to 50 rubles.

White coal

The basis of the drug is silicon dioxide and microcrystalline cellulose. Compared to activated carbon, this drug exhibits a more powerful absorbing ability, that is, it acts an order of magnitude more efficiently and quickly eliminates increased gas formation and bloating and further stimulates intestinal motility.

White coal is taken an hour before meals, 2-4 tablets. Contraindications to its use are intestinal obstruction, ulcerative lesions gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy and lactation, individual intolerance to components. The price of the drug is from 120 rubles.

Another product from the same group of sorbents, which is a powder for preparing a solution. The mechanism of action is the same as that of activated carbon, but it is more pronounced.

This drug is prescribed to adults and children at any age. Just like activated charcoal, it should not be used if intestinal obstruction or injury is suspected. average price- from 220 rubles.

Based on silicon dioxide, it is available in the form of a powder intended for the preparation of a suspension. It is recommended to use this remedy for flatulence caused by food poisoning, as well as in the process of treating severe intestinal infections, drug or food allergies.

IN for preventive purposes Polisorb is recommended for use by workers in hazardous industries. The drug exhibits a pronounced detoxifying, adsorbing effect, absorbs excess gases well and removes harmful substances from the body. Contraindications for use: intestinal atony, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, individual intolerance. average cost Polysorb - from 60 rubles.

The advantages of using sorbents are that they are inexpensive and allow short time improve well-being, have virtually no contraindications, do not cause dangerous side effects in case of overdose, are safe and approved for use in children.

The disadvantage of this group medicines is that if the cause of gas formation lies in chronic pathological processes, then sorbents provide only a temporary effect. To eliminate bloating and other accompanying symptoms accompanying diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, comprehensive complex therapy is necessary.

Defoamers (carminatives)

These bloating pills have a different mechanism of action. They break up gas bubbles formed in the intestines, which are then absorbed by the intestinal lining or excreted. Small bubbles, unlike large ones, cause less discomfort and are easier to eliminate from the intestines.

Popular representatives of drugs from the group of antifoams are Espumisan and its analogues. They should not be used in cases of complete intestinal obstruction, or in cases of suspected injury to the intestinal wall. Like enterosorbents, defoamers give quick effect, have few contraindications, but their price is slightly higher. In chronic conditions, they are also unable to cope with the cause of the disease.

Espumisan (Simethicone, Simicol)

The active ingredient of the drug is simethicone. Espumisan has antifoaming activity and is used to eliminate symptoms of flatulence, as well as in preparation for endoscopic examinations. The active substance collapses gas bubbles in the intestines, which helps to quickly reduce heaviness, pain and bloating. Recommended dosage is up to 10 capsules per day, divided into 5 doses. Espumisan can be used for a long time. Restrictions on the use of the drug are increased sensitivity to simethicone and intestinal obstruction. The price of the drug is from 300 rubles.

Pepsan-R

A drug to reduce gas formation in the intestines based on dimethicone and guaiazulene. Active substances medications reduce production of hydrochloric acid, docked inflammatory processes and reduce bloating. The recommended dose is up to 3 tablets per day before meals. Restrictions on the use of the drug are age under 14 years and individual fructose intolerance. Price - from 200 rubles.

Prokinetics

Among tablets for gases and bloating, drugs that enhance intestinal motility are especially popular. Their therapeutic effect lies in the fact that due to the acceleration of peristalsis, excess gases are quickly eliminated from the body.

Motilium (Motilak, Passazhiks)

The most famous representatives this group. In addition to influencing intestinal motility, it helps break up large gas bubbles (as defoamers do). As a result, after taking the medicine discomfort symptoms associated with bloating quickly subside.

The active ingredient of the drug - domperidone - enhances intestinal peristalsis and eliminates symptoms such as nausea, belching, heaviness and other phenomena associated with slow digestion of food. The maximum permissible dose is 8 tablets per day. The drug should not be used when internal bleeding, tumor processes in the intestines, symptoms of obstruction and allergies to domperion. Price - from 500 rubles.

Trimedat (Neobutin)

The action of the drug is aimed at improving the motor function of the digestive tract and accelerating the movement of digestive masses. Used for bloating and digestive disorders associated with slow motor function intestines. Permissible dose- no more than 6 tablets per day, divided into three doses. The price of the drug is from 250 rubles.

Among the popular representatives of prokinetics are such drugs as Ganaton, Gastrikumel, Aviollant. The group of drugs under consideration has many contraindications that you need to familiarize yourself with before taking the drug. The main restrictions for use are gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrheal conditions, intestinal obstruction, hepatic and renal failure, cardiac conduction disturbance. If you suspect one of these conditions, it is better to stop taking the drug.

Side effects may include conditions such as stool upset, intestinal cramps, abdominal pain, malabsorption nutrients, allergic reactions. Cases described negative influence on endocrine system– violations menstrual cycle in women, in in rare cases– provocation of prolactinoma in men and women.

Tablets for flatulence and bloating from the group of motor stimulants are not recommended for children, pregnant women, or nursing mothers. Just like the other two groups of drugs, they do not cope with chronic conditions, but they give a quick effect when it is necessary to get rid of flatulence as quickly as possible.

Probiotics and prebiotics

For treatment chronic conditions associated with bloating, the drugs described above are not enough in best case scenario they will provide temporary relief, but contribute very little to recovery, and sometimes mask the gradual deterioration of the condition.

One of common reasons chronic bloating - dysbacteriosis, that is, an imbalance of microflora in the intestines, in which opportunistic microorganisms begin to predominate, and the number beneficial bacteria decreases.

This condition disrupts intestinal function, causing bloating, gas, diarrhea, pain and heaviness in the stomach. abdominal area, nausea and lack of appetite. Probiotics and prebiotics restore the natural intestinal biocenosis.

Probiotics are preparations containing strains of live bacteria that are protected from acidic environment stomach.

Prebiotics are drugs containing components that support the proliferation of normal bacteria. This is a kind of breeding ground for human natural helpers - bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

The best and most popular of these products are Linex, Laktofiltrum, Probifor. There are practically no contraindications for the use of these drugs; they are approved for adults and children younger age. Many probiotics can be used even in newborns.

The drug contains lacto- and bifidobacteria, as well as enterococci. Thanks to combined basis it is possible to cope with a variety of digestive disorders, including various dyspeptic manifestations, expressed by bloating, excessive gas formation, nausea, diarrhea. The drug is well tolerated, can be used in children and pregnant women, does not cause side effects and has a minimum of contraindications (individual intolerance, internal bleeding).

Lactofiltrum

Combined preparation that contains a sorbent plant origin lignin and prebiotic lactulose. Effectively binds and removes toxins, allergens, salts from the intestines heavy metals and other harmful substances. Lactulose normalizes the intestinal microflora, activating the proliferation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which leads to improved peristalsis and a reduction in the formation of gases and bloating. The drug is available in tablet form. The dosage and duration of treatment is determined by the doctor individually. The cost of the drug is from 280 rubles.

Combined probiotic based on concentrated bifidobacteria sorbed on activated carbon and lactulose. It has powerful detoxifying and antidiarrheal properties and copes well with intestinal infections even without the help of antibiotics.

Eliminates such associated symptoms, such as bloating, flatulence, promotes activation of motor functions, improves the production of amino acids and vitamins, improves immunity, restores the intestinal mucosa. The drug is well tolerated, has virtually no contraindications and is recommended for the treatment of adults and children (from the first days of life).

The list of drugs in this group is quite extensive. Among other remedies that are successfully used to treat dysbiosis and dyspeptic disorders (bloating, flatulence, diarrhea and other symptoms) include:

• Bifidumbacterin Forte,
• Lactobacterin,
• Hilak Forte,
• Atsipol,
• Bifiform,
• Maxilak.

Enzyme preparations

Medicines of this group are used when the body does not produce enough digestive enzymes. Such disturbances lead to a deterioration in the breakdown of incoming food, as a result of which its undigested particles are decomposed by bacteria, which causes increased gas formation.

Mezim Forte (analogues of Pancreatin, Festal, Creon)

A drug based on pancreatin is intended to improve the functioning of the pancreas. Digestive enzymes its composition helps improve digestion processes and relieve unpleasant symptoms such as heaviness, bloating, and excess gas formation.

The doctor selects the dosage individually, taking into account the severity of the disorder. digestive processes. Contraindications to taking medications are allergies to active substance, exacerbation of pancreatitis. The average price of the drug is from 150 rubles.

Holenzyme

A combined preparation based on dry bile and cattle pancreas. Improves digestion by activating bile production. Helps eliminate bloating and other dyspeptic symptoms, related chronic diseases gastrointestinal organs.

The drug is used in the composition complex therapy gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, colitis. Contraindications: subhepatic jaundice and acute stages pancreatitis. Cholenzym is well tolerated and rarely causes side effects, which manifest themselves mainly allergic reactions. Cost - from 250 rubles.

Antispasmodics

Drugs in this group relieve bloating, relieve cramps and pain that occur when the intestinal walls are stretched by excess gases. Among the most popular antispasmodics relate:

• No-shpa;
• Papaverine;
• Drotavenrin;
• Duspatalin;
• Sparex;
• Spasmalgon.

Before taking antispasmodic drugs, you should consult your doctor and find out possible contraindications.

Antibiotics

Another cause of chronic flatulence is intestinal infections. These diseases always occur violently, with severe diarrhea, vomiting and fever. Reproduction pathogenic bacteria in the intestines is manifested by bloating, changes in appetite, and impaired absorption of nutrients.

In this case, antibiotics are needed to fight the infection. They should only be prescribed by a doctor after identifying the pathogen, making a diagnosis, and determining the sensitivity of the bacteria to the drugs. Only in this case is it permissible antibacterial therapy. You cannot prescribe antibiotics yourself based on reviews on the Internet about similar cases - this can lead to a worsening of the condition.

After basic antibiotic treatment, a course of probiotics is usually prescribed for recovery. intestinal microflora. It should be remembered that the course of treatment should always be completed, even if the condition improved earlier. Taking antibiotics without confirmation that the patient has any illness intestinal infection, it is forbidden.

General principles of treatment

Treatment of chronic bloating using both etiotropic and symptomatic remedies acceptable and often used in practice. In such cases, a course of treatment with drugs that affect the cause of the disease is usually prescribed, and, if necessary, taking drugs intended to normalize the functions of the digestive system.

Another important element, in addition to taking medications, is diet correction, which involves reducing the proportion of fatty, smoked foods, legumes, yeast dough, tonic drinks. At the same time, the diet increases the content fermented milk products, dietary meat, vegetables and fruits. Overeating has a negative effect on intestinal motility and should be avoided. In any case, moderate physical activity, healthy image life and a properly composed diet.

Carminative effect - an effect that is exerted by medications on a patient suffering from flatulence. Fennel, chamomile flowers and caraway fruits have a carminative effect.

You will need

• chamomile flowers, fennel fruits, valerian rhizome, peppermint leaves, caraway fruits

Instructions

• Carminative action is the effect of drugs used for flatulence, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of gases in the digestive tract. Flatulence or increased gas formation may cause some food products eg brown bread, milk, potatoes and vegetables. The cause of this phenomenon may be swallowing excess air, insufficient absorption of gases in the intestines, acute and chronic pancreatitis, chronic colitis, dysbacteriosis, gastric paresis, peritonitis, partial or complete intestinal obstruction.
• As a rule, a person in this state there are also side effects - a feeling of heaviness and fullness in the abdomen, hiccups, belching, paroxysmal pain if there is no way to pass gas, and also bad smell from the mouth and disturbances in the functioning of blood vessels and the central nervous system, expressed in changes heart rate, chest pain and shortness of breath. Flatulence occurs more often than in others in young children and the elderly.
• A person with wind accumulation often suffers from colic, spasms, dropsy and dizziness. As traditional carminatives, such patients should use infusions of fennel (fennel seeds), chamomile flowers and caraway fruits. Oils will also help solve the problem: dill and made from caraway seeds. This treatment promotes the passage of gases, relaxes smooth muscles and stimulates intestinal motility. Tinctures can and should be combined: there are preparations based on two or more components, for example, “Bebinos”. Give it to your baby, and soon he will calm down and won’t cry because of his sore tummy.
• If you have indigestion, pain, belching and hiccups, take Metoclopramide. You can help digestion by taking Pancreatin, and Drotaverine will help reduce pain. An alternative to the above remedies are Dimethicone and Simethicone - take them if you observe similar symptoms. The surfactants included in their composition reduce the surface tension at the interface, destroying the formed gas bubbles and preventing the formation of new ones.
• A carminative mixture can be prepared at home: for this you will need valerian rhizome, peppermint leaves and fennel fruits. Mix everything, pour one tablespoon of the mixture into a metal cup, pour 200 ml of boiling water, put on water bath and simmer covered for a quarter of an hour. After leaving for 45 minutes, strain, squeeze out the raw materials, and dilute the resulting broth with hot boiled water to the original volume. Take 1/3 cup twice a day, warmed. Shelf life is two days.