What is HDL cholesterol? What is “bad” and “good” cholesterol? What reduces the concentration of HDL

A blood test for cholesterol and LDL allows you to determine whether their levels have deviated from the norm. If this happens to a greater extent, it means that atherosclerosis is developing in the body, which reduces the elasticity of blood vessels and causes increased thrombus formation, blockage of an artery or vein with a blood clot. Low cholesterol levels are also dangerous because without it many processes in the body cannot occur.

Cholesterol is a fatty natural alcohol, most of which is synthesized by the liver, the rest enters the body from food. With the help of this substance, the membranes of all cells of the body are formed. Steroid hormones, including sex hormones, are also synthesized on its basis. In addition, cholesterol has a positive effect on strengthening bones, participates in the functioning of the immune, nervous, digestive systems, performs a number of other very important functions.

But if the amount of cholesterol exceeds the norm, it begins to fall out on the walls of blood vessels and form growths, reducing the elasticity of the arteries and veins. This causes disruption of blood flow and can cause blockage of the vessel with a blood clot. This problem is explained by the fact that cholesterol is not able to dissolve in water. To get to cells, it forms compounds with lipoproteins of different densities - medium, low and high. This is the name given to compounds that consist of lipids and proteins.

Low-density lipids (LDL or LDL) and medium density are responsible for transporting cholesterol through the blood to cells. After the cells take the amount of cholesterol they need, the remains are picked up by lipoproteins high density(HDL or HDL) and taken to the liver for processing.

You should also know that LDL doesn't dissolve very well either. Therefore, along the way, cholesterol precipitates on the walls of blood vessels. U healthy person Enzymes are located near the vascular walls, which the sediment destroys. But with age, these components become less and less, and the cholesterol deposit gradually becomes attached to the vascular walls. Especially if HDL in the body is below normal, while the amount of LDL is increased.

At first, the growth that settles on the vascular walls is characterized by a loose consistency. At this stage it can still be dissolved. But there is also a danger here: at any moment a small part of the plaque can come off and clog the vessel. This means that the tissues it serves will be deprived of nutrition, which will lead to their death. That is why atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain or heart is the cause of heart attacks, which are often fatal.

As the plaque forms, it becomes hard and replaces the vascular wall. As the walls are destroyed, they bleed, which leads to increased formation of blood clots: this is how the body tries to heal the blood vessels. After some time, the vascular walls lose elasticity and become brittle, as a result of which hemorrhage can occur at any time.

How to decipher the results

The development of atherosclerosis can be suspected if a person is sedentary lifestyle life, is obese, prefers foods with high levels of animal fats. Diabetics, as well as those people who have problems with the thyroid gland, liver, and kidneys, are at risk.

You should also know that LDL cholesterol levels begin to rise in men, while HDL cholesterol levels begin to fall after the age of twenty, and in women after menopause. Constant stress, smoking, alcohol also cause high cholesterol and LDL, as well as low HDL.

Doctors recommend that women and men have a lipid profile at least once a year. Since atherosclerosis does not manifest itself in any way at the initial stages, this will allow you to promptly notice the deviation of cholesterol, HDL, LDL from the norm, and prevent the development of a heart attack, stroke or other serious problems.

A lipidogram is a study that allows you to determine the level of cholesterol, LDL, HDL in the blood, as well as understand the state of fat metabolism in the body. It is carried out using a biochemical blood test.

First, the level in the blood of women and men is determined total cholesterol. Standards may vary from laboratory to laboratory. Therefore, you definitely need to pay attention to the indicated numbers, which are located next to the decoding of personal data: these are the standards adopted in the laboratory where the analysis was carried out.

It is believed that the norm of total cholesterol in the blood of women and men should be:

For a doctor to get a clear picture of the state of lipid metabolism, knowledge about the level of total cholesterol alone is not enough. You also need to know the concentration of HDL and LDL in the blood. Therefore, he orders a blood test for the amount of lipoproteins of different densities.

The LDL values ​​below indicate the following conditions:

• up to 2.5 mmol/l (low probability of myocardial infarction);
• 2.6 - 3.3 mmol/l - optimal indicators;
• 3.4 - 4.1 mmol/l - increased values;
• 4.1 – 4.9 mmol/l – high concentration;
• more than 4.9 mmol/l – very high risk heart attack.

The doctor should also know how much high-density lipoprotein a person contains in his blood. The amount of HDL in a healthy woman’s body should be above 1.68 mmol/l. In a man, the normal HDL level in the blood exceeds 1.45 mol/l.

Reasons for deviations

Increased amounts of cholesterol and LDL, as well as low amounts of HDL in women and men can be caused by the following reasons:

• unhealthy diet, when food contains a high level of carbohydrates, trans fats, and very little fiber, pectin, vitamins, minerals, vegetable fats;
• obesity, overeating;
• alcohol abuse, smoking;
• bile stagnation and other liver problems;
• kidney diseases;
• some medications;
• problems with the pancreas, thyroid gland;
• increased production of hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex;
• some viral infections;
• in women - pregnancy.

Low cholesterol levels in women and men are also dangerous because they indicate the development of serious diseases. Such values ​​are observed after long fasts, due to serious burns. Occurs when the body is unable to properly metabolize fats, which indicates serious violation metabolism and requires medical care.

Cholesterol may be reduced in tuberculosis, chronic heart failure, acute infectious diseases, blood poisoning, cirrhosis, oncology. In this case, the person needs urgent medical attention. Otherwise there will be death.

Biochemical analysis shows low cholesterol levels in vegetarians. This is due to the fact that their food does not contain animal fats. Therefore, vegetarians should take care of the presence of cholesterol-rich foods in their food.

The interpretation of the analysis may show a deviation from the norm if the person took any medications (including contraceptives) before the analysis. You should also not subject your body to physical activity before donating blood.

After the doctor receives a transcript of the biochemical analysis, if the results are unsatisfactory, he will prescribe treatment based on the individual characteristics of the body. In addition to taking medications, the patient is required to follow a diet that will reduce or increase the level of natural fatty alcohol in the body (depending on the nature of the disease). If you do not adhere to it, treatment with medications alone may be ineffective.

A blood test for cholesterol is one of the most important studies that helps assess the level of cholesterol cells in the blood, which may indicate a person’s health. A timely examination helps to identify the presence of pathologies on early stages(vascular atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, coronary heart disease). It is recommended to donate blood for cholesterol at least once a year, which will be enough for self-monitoring of your general health. What the decoding of the analysis results says, and what its nature is, we will analyze further.

Cholesterol: enemy or friend?

Before we look at the decoding, it is necessary to understand what cholesterol is. Cholesterol is a fat-soluble compound that is produced by liver cells, kidneys and adrenal glands to strengthen cell membranes, normalizing their permeability. These cells also perform the following useful features for the body:

• participate in the process of synthesis and absorption of vitamin D;
• involved in bile synthesis;
• allow red blood cells to avoid premature hemolysis (disintegration);
• take an active part in the production of steroid hormones.

These are enough important functions cholesterol indicate its high importance for the body. However, if its concentration is higher than normal, health problems may develop.

Cholesterol itself is not soluble in water, so for its complete transportation and utilization, special protein molecules - apoproteins - are required. When cholesterol cells join apoproteins, a stable compound is formed - a lipoprotein, which easily dissolves and is quickly transported through blood vessels.

Depending on how many protein molecules are attached to the cholesterol molecule, lipoproteins can be divided into several categories:

1. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) – one molecule accounts for a third of the protein molecule, which is catastrophically insufficient for proper movement and removal of cholesterol. This process contributes to its accumulation in the blood, which leads to blockage of blood vessels and the development of various diseases.
2. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) - less than one protein molecule per molecule. Such compounds are inactive and poorly soluble, so they are most likely to settle in blood vessels.
3. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are more stable compounds that are well transported and dissolved in water.
4. Chylomicrons are the largest cholesterol particles with moderate mobility and poor solubility in water.

Cholesterol in the blood is necessary, but some of its varieties can provoke the development of diseases. Therefore, low-density lipoproteins are considered to be bad cholesterol, which leads to blockage of blood vessels. At the same time, high-density lipoproteins are a guarantee of the health and usefulness of all metabolic processes in the body. Biochemistry makes it possible to identify a predisposition to the development of diseases associated specifically with quantitative and high-quality composition cholesterol in the blood.

Blood test for cholesterol: main indicators and their norm

In order to identify the concentration and presence of all types of cholesterol in the blood, a special analysis is used, the results of which are included in a lipid profile. This includes indicators such as total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and atherogenicity index. Cholesterol in a blood test is determined using biochemical analysis blood. Detailed analysis allows you to see possible problems with health, which is provoked by an increase in concentration bad cholesterol. General analysis blood only shows superficial picture, therefore, if its results deviate from the norm, then it makes sense to conduct a more detailed study.

Total cholesterol

The total cholesterol level in the blood plasma shows its concentration in mmol/l. This indicator characterizes the general condition of blood vessels and blood, and may also indicate the quality of metabolic processes. This analysis is the main one, since it is used to assess the state of health, as well as the need for additional, narrower (HDL, LDL) research.

The normal indicator directly depends on characteristics such as age and gender. Let's consider the normal values ​​of total cholesterol for different age and gender groups that the table contains.

Total cholesterol is directly related to metabolic processes occurring in the body and dietary habits, so its values ​​differ throughout life. During hormonal development, the indicators tend to the lower limit, and closer to old age, when the metabolism is significantly slowed down, its indicator is several times higher.

Low density lipoproteins

This category of cholesterol is the most dangerous, therefore the following are distinguished: valid values, as 2.3-4.7 mmol/l for men and 1.9-4.2 mmol/l is the norm for women. Exceeding the norms of these indicators indicates the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as a slowdown in metabolic processes.

High density lipoproteins

“Good” cholesterol should also be in moderation. The values ​​for men are 0.7-1.8 mmol/l and 0.8-2.1 mmol/l for women. This framework includes age variation, taking into account data at birth and in old age.

Triglyceride levels

In men, the upper limit reaches 3.6 mmol/l, while the norm in women is slightly lower - 2.5 mmol/l. This is due to dietary habits, since male body more carbohydrates and fats are required. A biochemical blood test helps determine the level of triglycerides relative to the entire blood volume in the body.

Atherogenic index

This indicator is one of the key ones in the lipid profile, allowing you to estimate the percentage of bad and good cholesterol. The indicator obtained as a result of mathematical calculations indicates the presence of diseases that occur in a latent form, as well as a predisposition to pathologies. The atherogenicity index is calculated using the formula:

Total Cholesterol – High Density Lipoprotein/Low Density Lipoprotein

Cholesterol levels may vary depending on age. Children under 6 years of age assume an atherogenic index of up to 2 mmol/l. At a young age, this figure reaches 2.5 mmol/l, but does not exceed it. Closer to 50 years, the figure can reach 2.8-3.2 mmol/l. In the presence of vascular diseases and pathologies, the indicator can reach -7 mmol/l, which will be determined by a biochemical blood test.

Decoding

After blood is drawn from a person, it is carefully examined, and all the results of the studies are recorded in a table. Decoding a blood test for cholesterol requires the presence of a table that consists of several columns:

1. Names of the object being studied - this can be total cholesterol, triglycerides or its other components.
2. Blood level – indicated in mmol/l.
3. Normal indicator - boundary values ​​are given so that a person can see how much his indicators differ from the generally accepted ones.
4. Conclusion - this column displays the true picture of a person’s health status, where opposite each object under study is indicated whether the level is normal, elevated or critically elevated.

Visually, the decryption may look like this:

It should be understood that the results obtained may differ from actual indicators, which is influenced by factors such as:

1. Nutrition – if the person consumed fatty and sweet food, values ​​can be several times higher than normal.
2. Drinking alcoholic beverages.
3. Prolonged fasting.
4. Physical activity the day before.
5. Use of medications that affect chemical composition blood.

Some laboratories use the Latin designation for all analysis indicators. The designation of cholesterol in a blood test is as follows:

1. TC – total cholesterol content.
2. LDL – low density lipoproteins.
3. HDL – high density lipoproteins.
4. TG – amount of triglycerides.
5. IA is the ratio of harmful and good cholesterol to its total mass in the blood (atherogenicity index).

These indicators are designated by letters, which makes them easier to identify and reduces space in the transcript. Not everyone knows how cholesterol is indicated in the analysis, so many transcripts use more understandable letter designations next to the letters of the Latin alphabet.

How and when to get tested?

Experts recommend taking cholesterol tests at least once a year if there are no health complaints, and every six months if there are problems with overweight, blood vessels and heart. Self-control will reduce the risk of developing life-threatening pathologies, as well as reduce the likelihood of premature death.

Blood is drawn from a vein, but before the procedure you should undergo preparation:

1. Do not eat 5-6 hours before blood sampling.
2. Don't drink alcohol the night before.
3. Eat as usual, limiting sweet and fatty foods.
4. Reduce physical and mental stress.
5. Have a good rest and sleep.
6. Avoid stress and emotional turmoil.

The analysis helps not only to monitor health status, but also to show the dynamics of treatment of certain diseases.

Thus, the interpretation of a blood test for cholesterol contains several indicators, each of which is of high importance. This test is mandatory for people with overweight, problems with the heart and cardiovascular system. The transcript given to patients in the laboratory is quite simple and contains a small amount of data. This allows you to assess your health level yourself, before consulting a specialist.

Find out what low cholesterol in the blood means

Many people carefully monitor their own diet to prevent high cholesterol levels. High performance This substance in the blood provokes the development of atherosclerosis and other problems with the cardiovascular system. However, few people know that a lack of cholesterol is no less dangerous to health than an excess. Why does it appear low cholesterol in the blood and how this threatens health, we will consider further.

What analysis is it determined by?

Cholesterol is an important component of lipid metabolism.

Its molecules are predominantly synthesized by liver cells; the rest can enter the body with food.

There are two types of tests to determine the level of this substance in the blood:

1. Total cholesterol - shows the level of all components (HDL, triglycerides, LDL) in the blood, allowing you to evaluate lipid metabolism.
2. Biochemical study of individual components - is prescribed when a person has health problems and there is a need to determine deviations from the norm of specific elements.

In most cases, preventive screening uses total cholesterol levels. In the case where the values ​​deviate from the recommended norms, it makes sense to resort to a more detailed study of the individual components that make up the overall composition of cholesterol.

Moreover, not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition is taken into account, as well as the percentage of individual particles in total volume cholesterol.
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The most common tests are:

1. Express testing using high-precision portable analyzer– helps to assess the level of cholesterol in the blood within 3-5 minutes, due to the interaction of blood with the reagent.
2. The Ilk method is based on the reaction of separation of water molecules and cholesterol molecules when exposed to a reagent under acidic conditions.
3. Fluorimetric medot is the most common, as it is based on obtaining a characteristic shade of blood plasma that is formed during the reaction. Color saturation and other parameters allow you to evaluate quantitative composition cholesterol in the total blood mass.

To study low- and high-density lipoproteins, more detailed studies are used that require time.

Preparing for the study

This assay is sensitive to various factors, therefore, preliminary preparation is required, which consists of the following:

1. Avoid fatty, fried, smoked foods, as well as sweet foods 3-5 days before blood sampling.
2. Decline physical activity to a minimum.
3. Quitting alcoholic beverages and smoking.
4. Limiting the influence of stress.
5. Full sleep.

Blood sampling is carried out in the first hours after waking up on an empty stomach. In the event that the patient takes any medications on an ongoing basis, the laboratory technician is notified about this in advance. An appropriate margin of error will help in calculating the final result.

What can influence the result?

Laboratory practice identifies three main factors that affect the accuracy of the result:

1. Food consumed the day before.
2. Drinking alcohol 10-12 hours before blood sampling.
3. Lack of sleep and excessive exercise.

Therefore, before donating blood, it is necessary to prepare, reducing the likelihood of incorrect results.

Also great importance The laboratory itself plays a role in the research.

It is better to give preference to those laboratories that use modern automated systems blood tests.

Reasons for false results

In the event that the research results obtained raise suspicions, it is necessary to retake the analysis after a certain time.

Reasons for appearance false results can be:

1. Low quality laboratory and equipment.
2. Failure to comply with measures aimed at preparing for analysis.
3. Problems with analyzers that can produce false values.

Decoding

Once the data is received, it is organized into a table consisting of several columns. The patient’s data is entered into the first part of the table, the result obtained into the second, and the normal values ​​into the third. Some laboratories offer an additional column indicating possible reasons for deviations. This decoding will be understandable to any patient, but to fully verify the absence of cholesterol-related problems, a doctor’s consultation will still be required.

What values ​​are considered low?

Cholesterol values ​​vary by age and gender. For children and adolescents, low indicators will be the following:

• newborns – less than 3.3 mmol/l;
• children under 5 years of age – less than 3.1 mmol/l;
• children under 15 years of age – less than 2.26 mmol/l;
• adolescents under 19 years of age - less than 3.5 mmol/l.

Low blood levels in men are the following values:

• 25-35 years – less than 3.5 mmol/l;
• 35-40 years – less than 3.63 mmol/l;
• 40-50 years – less than 4 mmol/l;
• 50-55 years – less than 4.09 mmol/l;
• 55-65 years – less than 4.1 mmol/l;
• over 65 years old – 3.9 mmol/l.

The male body is more susceptible harmful influence external factors.

In addition to poor diet and alcohol abuse, one should take into account harmful conditions labor, which can affect liver performance. The lack of synthesized cholesterol does not leave its mark on the body, so it is important to minimize the load on the organ that synthesizes this substance.

In women, especially those who constantly strive to look good and adhere to strict diets, low levels may occur due to a lack of nutrients. Low indicators are considered:

• 20-25 years – less than 3.15 mmol/l;
• 25-30 years – less than 3.2 mmol/l;
• 35-40 years – less than 3.37 mmol/l;
• 40-45 years – less than 3.81 mmol/l;
• 45-55 years – less than 4.2 mmol/l;
• 55-60 years – less than 4.45 mmol/l;
• 60-65 years – less than 4.47 mmol/l.

The female body, starting from the age of 13-14, is subject to constant influence of hormones.

They are the ones who “rule” the body, which is why it is noted close connection synthesis of cholesterol with hormonal levels, which ultimately dictates the norm indicators.

During pregnancy, cholesterol levels may change depending on the woman's diet and age. Low indicators for pregnant women, taking into account age, are:

• 20-25 years – 6.2 mmol/l;
• 25-30 years – 6.5 mmol/l;
• 30-35 years – 6.7 mmol/l;
• 35-40 years – 7.3 mmol/l.

Cholesterol takes an active part in the construction of fetal cells, as well as lipid metabolism, so during pregnancy its levels are somewhat elevated.

Dangerously low values

Hypocholesterolemia has several degrees, depending on which the severity of the patient's condition varies.

Values ​​that tend to 2.3 mmol/l of blood are considered critically low. In this case, the risk of developing oncological diseases, in particular liver cancer. There is a high probability of problems with the respiratory system (lung cancer, emphysema, asthma), the cardiovascular system (heart attack and stroke) and mental health. As statistics show, the risks of suicide that occur against the background of an unstable psyche increase.

For pregnant women, values ​​below 3.9 mmol/l are considered dangerous.

This is fraught with the appearance of intrauterine pathologies, as well as an increased risk of miscarriage. early and premature birth later in pregnancy.

Watch the video about the dangers of low cholesterol

Symptoms and signs of low cholesterol

Determine the decrease in cholesterol synthesis in the blood based on external clinical manifestations, almost impossible. In cases where pathologically low values ​​provoke the development of any diseases, problems with the quantitative and qualitative composition can be suspected by symptoms such as:

• muscle weakness not associated with physical activity;
• increased fatigue;
• the appearance of fatty and unstable stools;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• lack of appetite;
• sudden changes in mood, when apathy gives way to aggression;
• sleep disturbance;
• sexual dysfunction.

Such manifestations may be associated with a decrease in the production of cholesterol by liver cells, but in most cases the initial stages of hypocholesterolemia go unnoticed.

Only a biochemical blood test helps determine real picture state of human health.

When it appears in the blood low cholesterol, this means that the body has a problem with the liver or metabolic processes. Often, low performance is a consequence, not a cause.

Dangers and Consequences

Low rates should be as soon as possible restore, as this can provoke irreversible processes in the body. Often, a lack of cholesterol is a consequence of the development of liver pathologies. With absence early diagnosis a person can be waylaid by such deadly danger, How:

1. Increased permeability of the intestinal walls, in which all wastes and toxins that should be excreted along with the stool can easily be absorbed into the blood and poison the body.
2. The development of depression and unstable mental states, which may alternate.
3. Reduced elasticity of blood vessels, which leads to their fragility. The risks of developing cerebral stroke with the most unpredictable consequences, including death, are increasing.
4. Bone diseases caused by the inability to fully absorb calcium due to impaired synthesis of vitamin D.
5. Lack of cholesterol leads to lipid metabolism disorders, as a result of which most of the fat cells are sent to storage, causing obesity.
6. Suppression of reproductive function, since without cholesterol, sex hormones cannot be synthesized in the required quantities.
7. Hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by excessive production of hormones by the thyroid gland.
8. Diabetes mellitus type 2.
9. An acute lack of fat-soluble vitamins, which can lead to the development of many uncharacteristic diseases.
10. Diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system.

Undoubtedly the most dangerous consequence is a stroke of the cerebral vessels, which develops due to a decrease in the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

This can cause disability or death.

What to do?

In the case where there is a lack of cholesterol in the body, it is important to establish what exactly triggered this. To do this, a number of additional studies are carried out, assessing the performance of the liver in the first place. Based on the data obtained, measures will be taken to improve the body’s condition using complex treatment. Why the cholesterol level has dropped to a critical level is determined only after full examination patient.

Only an integrated approach to treatment will help achieve positive results.

While taking medications, which is the basis of treatment, nutritional correction will also be required, as well as giving up bad habits, which together reduces the load on the liver.

Diet

Some foods can increase the intake of cholesterol in the body. These include:

• eggs, especially quail eggs;
• olive oil;
• seafood and sea fish;
• butter;
• fermented milk products of natural origin;
• cheese, except spicy and salty varieties;
• nuts;
• lean meats: rabbit, turkey, veal, chicken.

It is important to pay attention to the method of heat treatment of meat and fish dishes.

It is strictly forbidden to fry using vegetable or animal fat. Boiling, baking and steaming help preserve useful qualities products, and also reduce the level of bad cholesterol, which can cause the development of atherosclerosis.

Prohibited products include:

• smoked meats, pickles, marinades;
• alcoholic drinks;
• yeast bread and bakery products;
• sausages of any kind;
• spicy and salty foods.

All these products provide increased load to the liver. What could be one of the reasons for the development of hypocholesterolemia.

Only freshly prepared dishes are consumed. The serving size should not exceed 180-200 g. Fractional nutrition allows you to reduce the load on digestive tract including the liver.

You will have to give up bad habits, and forget about alcoholic drinks forever.

The following examples of menu options can serve as a guide:

• breakfast: 2 egg omelet, tea with biscuits;
• second breakfast: apple baked with cottage cheese;
• dinner: rice soup with meatballs, boiled meat with vegetable salad, dried fruit compote;
• afternoon snack: cottage cheese casserole, Herb tea;
• dinner: steamed hake, stewed vegetables, tea.

• breakfast: buckwheat with milk and butter;
• second breakfast: berry juice, pancakes;
• dinner: chicken noodle soup, vegetable salad;
• afternoon snack: natural yogurt with biscuits;
• dinner: fish baked with green peas and an egg.

Before going to bed, you can drink herbal tea or half a glass of low-fat kefir, which will improve the digestion process and speed up metabolic processes.

ethnoscience

Alternative medicine recipes can be a good help in the treatment of many diseases, but they can only act as a supplement to the main treatment. Only a doctor can prescribe or cancel this or that decoction or herbal mixture. You should not self-medicate, as this can cause a deterioration in your health.

To normalize liver function, the following decoctions are used:

1. Nettle decoction - take 1 teaspoon of dry herb per glass of boiling water. Boil for 3-5 minutes, after which take 1 tablespoon before meals.
2. A decoction of lingonberry leaves has an antibacterial effect and helps speed up metabolic processes. It is brewed and taken in the same way.

Before starting use, you need to consult a specialist.

Prevention

Based on the reasons causing low cholesterol levels, prevention can include:

1. Correction of nutrition and enrichment of the diet with fatty acids.
2. Quitting bad habits and active image life.
3. Control of carbohydrate intake.
4. Correction of weight and metabolic processes.
5. Compliance with drinking regime.
6. Refusal of strict diets and food restrictions, especially high content fatty acids: nuts, lard, milk.

Thus, low total cholesterol less than 3 mmol/l is dangerous to human health.

First of all, the vessels of the brain are affected, which is fraught with the development of a stroke.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) - what is it?

Sometimes, when examining the lipid spectrum, it is discovered that the level of HDL is increased or decreased: what does that mean? In our review, we will analyze what differences exist between high- and low-density lipoproteins, what causes deviations in the analyzes of the former from the norm, and what methods of increasing it exist.

Good and bad cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance in the human body that is notorious. About the dangers of this organic compound there are many medical research. All of them link high levels of cholesterol in the blood and such a terrible disease as atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis today is one of the most common diseases in women after 50 years and men after 40 years. In recent years, the pathology has occurred in young people and even in childhood.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of cholesterol deposits on the inner wall of blood vessels - atherosclerotic plaques, which significantly narrow the lumen of the arteries and cause disruption of the blood supply to internal organs. The systems that suffer first are those that perform a large volume of work every minute and require a regular supply of oxygen and nutrients - the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Common complications of atherosclerosis are:

• encephalopathy;
• ACVA of ischemic type – cerebral stroke;
• coronary heart disease, angina pain;
• acute myocardial infarction;
• circulatory disorders in the vessels of the kidneys and lower extremities.

It is known that main role Elevated cholesterol levels play a role in the development of the disease. To understand how atherosclerosis develops, you need to learn more about the biochemistry of this organic compound in the body.

Cholesterol is a substance with a fat-like structure, chemical classification related to fatty alcohols. When you mention him harmful influence on the body, we should not forget about the important biological functions that this substance performs:

• strengthens the cytoplasmic membrane of every cell of the human body, making it more elastic and durable;
• regulates the permeability of cell walls, prevents the penetration of certain toxic substances and lytic poisons into the cytoplasm;
• is part of the production of the adrenal glands - glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones;
• participates in the synthesis of bile acids and vitamin D by liver cells.

Most of the cholesterol (about 80%) is produced in the body by hepatocytes, and only 20% comes from food.

Endogenous (own) cholesterol is synthesized in liver cells. It is insoluble in water, therefore it is transported to target cells by special carrier proteins - apolipoproteins. The biochemical compound of cholesterol and apolipoprotein is called lipoprotein (lipoprotein, LP). Depending on the size and functions, all drugs are divided into:

1. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, VLDL) are the largest fraction of cholesterol, consisting primarily of triglycerides. Their diameter can reach 80 nm.
2. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL, LDL) is a protein-fat particle consisting of an apolipoprotein molecule and large quantity cholesterol. The average diameter is 18-26 nm.
3. High-density lipoproteins (HDL, HDL) are the smallest fraction of cholesterol, the particle diameter of which does not exceed 10-11 nm. The volume of the protein part in the composition significantly exceeds the volume of fat.

Very low and low density lipoproteins (LDL - especially) belong to the atherogenic fractions of cholesterol. These bulky and large particles are difficult to move through peripheral vessels and can “lose” some of the fat molecules during transportation to target organs. Such lipids settle on the surface of the inner wall of blood vessels and become stronger connective tissue, and then calcifications and form a mature atherosclerotic plaque. Due to their ability to provoke the development of atherosclerosis, LDL and VLDL are called “bad” cholesterol.

High-density lipoproteins, on the contrary, are able to clean blood vessels from fatty deposits that accumulate on their surface. Small and nimble, they capture lipid particles and transport them to hepatocytes for further processing into bile acids and excretion from the body through the gastrointestinal tract. For this ability, HDL cholesterol is called “good.”

So, not all cholesterol in the body is bad. The possibility of developing atherosclerosis in each individual patient is indicated not only by the TC (total cholesterol) indicator in a blood test, but also by the ratio between LDL and HDL. The higher the fraction of the former and the lower the fraction of the latter, the more likely the development of dyslipidemia and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels. The inverse relationship is also true: increased rate HDL can be considered as low risk development of atherosclerosis.

How to prepare for analysis

A blood test can be performed as part of a lipid profile - comprehensive survey fat metabolism in the body and independently. To ensure that the test result is as reliable as possible, patients should follow the following recommendations:

1. High-density lipoproteins are examined strictly on an empty stomach, in the morning (from approximately 8.00 to 10.00).
2. The last meal should be 10-12 hours before donating the biomaterial.
3. 2-3 days before the examination, eliminate all fatty fried foods from your diet.
4. If you are taking any medications (including vitamins and biological supplements), be sure to tell your doctor about this. He may advise you not to take pills for 2-3 days before the test. Taking antibiotics especially affects the test results, hormonal drugs, vitamins, omega-3, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, etc.
5. Do not smoke at least 30 minutes before the test.
6. Before entering the blood collection room, sit for 5-10 minutes in calm atmosphere and try not to be nervous.

To determine the level of high-density lipoproteins, blood is usually taken from a vein. The procedure itself takes one to three minutes, and the analysis result will be ready the next day (sometimes after a few hours). Along with the obtained data, the reference (normal) values ​​​​accepted in a given laboratory are usually indicated on the analysis form. This is done for ease of deciphering the diagnostic test.

PAP norms

What should the high-density lipoprotein level be in a healthy person? The norm for women and men for this fraction of cholesterol may be different. Standard lipid profile values ​​are presented in the table below.

To assess the risk of developing atherosclerosis, as well as its acute and chronic complications, it is important to take into account the ratio of high-density lipoproteins to total cholesterol.

If HDL is low in the context of high levels of atherogenic lipids, the patient probably already has manifestations of atherosclerosis. The more pronounced the symptoms of dyslipidemia, the more active the formation cholesterol plaques in organism.

What does increased value mean?

Elevation is not diagnosed very often. The fact is that there is no maximum concentration of this fraction of cholesterol: the more high-density lipoproteins in the body, the lower the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

In exceptional cases, severe disturbances in fat metabolism are observed, and HDL levels become significantly elevated. Possible reasons this state becomes:

• hereditary dyslipidemia;
• chronic hepatitis;
• cirrhotic changes in the liver;
• chronic intoxication;
• alcoholism.

In this case, it is important to begin treatment of the underlying disease. Specific measures designed to reduce HDL levels in medicine have not been developed. It is this fraction of cholesterol that can cleanse blood vessels of plaque and ensure the prevention of atherosclerosis.

What does reduced value mean?

Low levels of HDL in the body are much more common than high levels. Such a deviation from the norm in the analysis may be due to:

• diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and other hormonal disorders;
• chronic liver diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer;
• kidney pathology;
• hereditary (genetically determined) hyperlipoproteinemia type IV;
• acute infectious processes;
• excessive intake of atherogenic cholesterol fractions with food.

It is important to eliminate the existing causes and, if possible, increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol to the proper level. We'll look at how to do this in the section below.

How to increase HDL

Lifestyle correction

Lifestyle is the first thing that patients with low HDL levels need to pay attention to. Follow the doctors' recommendations:

1. Eliminate bad habits from your life. Nicotine from cigarettes has a damaging effect on the inner wall of blood vessels and promotes the deposition of cholesterol on its surface. Alcohol abuse negatively affects metabolism and destroys liver cells, where lipoproteins are normally formed. Quitting smoking and alcoholic beverages will increase HDL levels by 12-15% and reduce atherogenic lipoproteins by 10-20%.
2. Fight with overweight bodies. Obesity in medicine is usually called a pathological condition in which the BMI ( relative value, reflecting the patient’s weight and height ratio) exceeds 30. Excess weight- This is not only an additional burden on the heart and blood vessels, but also one of the reasons for the increase in total cholesterol levels due to its atherogenic fractions. A decrease in LDL and VLDL compensatory leads to normalization of high-density lipoprotein levels. It has been proven that losing 3 kg of weight leads to an increase in HDL cholesterol by 1 mg/dl.
3. Engage in sports approved by your doctor. It’s better if it’s swimming, walking, Pilates, yoga, dancing. The type of physical activity should be approached with all responsibility. It should bring positive emotions to the patient and not increase the load on the heart and blood vessels. For severe somatic pathology The patient’s activity should be expanded gradually so that the body adapts to daily increasing loads.

And, of course, visit your doctor regularly. Working together with a therapist will help normalize the disturbed metabolism faster and more efficiently. Do not ignore appointments prescribed by the therapist for medical examination, take tests for the lipid spectrum once every 3-6 months and examine the vessels of the heart and brain if signs of insufficient blood supply to these organs occur.

Therapeutic diet

Food also has important for dyslipidemia. The principles of a therapeutic diet to increase HDL levels include:

1. Meals are fractional (up to 6 times a day), in small portions.
2. The daily caloric intake of food should be sufficient to replenish energy costs, but not excessive. The average value is at the level of 2300-2500 kcal.
3. The total amount of fat entering the body throughout the day should not exceed 25-30% of total calories. Of these, it is recommended to allocate most of them to unsaturated fats (low cholesterol).
4. Exclusion of foods with the highest possible content of “bad” cholesterol: lard, beef fat; offal: brains, kidneys; aged varieties of cheese; margarine, cooking oil.
5. Limiting products containing LDL. For example, during a hypocholesterol diet, it is recommended to eat meat and poultry no more than 2-3 times a week. It is better to replace it with high-quality vegetable protein - soy, legumes.
6. Adequate fiber intake. Fruits and vegetables should be the basis for patients with atherosclerosis. They have a beneficial effect on work gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect the increase in HDL production in the liver.
7. Inclusion in daily diet bran: oat, rye, etc.
8. Including foods that increase HDL levels in your diet: fatty foods sea ​​fish, nuts, natural vegetable oils– olive, sunflower, pumpkin seeds, etc.

According to statistics, about 25% of the world's population over 40 years of age suffers from atherosclerosis. From year to year, the incidence is increasing among young people aged 25-30 years. A disorder of fat metabolism in the body is serious problem, requiring integrated approach and timely treatment. And changes in HDL levels in tests should not go unnoticed by a specialist.

Lipoproteins (lipoproteins) are complex protein complexes that contain cholesterol, phospholipids, neutral fats and fatty acids. The main role of lipoproteins is to transport lipids to peripheral organs from the liver and vice versa. Lipoproteins are classified according to density, and a deviation in their value in the blood may indicate various pathological processes in the liver and glands internal secretion and other organs. The terms “lipoprotein” and “lipoprotein” are practically interchangeable, and the transition from one name to another should not confuse the reader.

The quantitative indicator of such compounds as beta-lipoproteins and HDL has diagnostic value, the number of lipoproteins indicates the degree of development of the deviation in various tissues and systems. Lipoproteins consist of cholesterol esters in the core and proteins, free cholesterol, and triglyceride in the surrounding shell.

Types of lipoproteins

Classification and functions of lipoproteins:

• high density 8-11 nm (HDL) – delivery of cholesterol (CH) from the periphery to the liver;
• low density 18-26 nm (LDL) – delivery of cholesterol, phospholipids (PL) from the liver to the periphery;
• intermediate or medium density 25-35 nm (LPSP) – delivery of CL, PL and triacylglycerides from the liver to the periphery;
• very low density 30-80 nm (VLDL) – delivery of triacylglycerides and PL from the liver to the periphery;
• chylomicrons – 70-1200 nm – transport of cholesterol and fatty acids from the intestine to the liver and peripheral tissues.

Blood plasma lipoproteins are also classified into pre-beta, beta and alpha lipoproteins.

The importance of lipoproteins

Lipoproteins are found in all organs; they are the main transport option for lipids that deliver cholesterol to all tissues. Lipids cannot perform their function on their own, so they interact with apoproteins, acquiring new properties. This connection is called lipoproteins or lipoproteins. They are playing key role in cholesterol metabolism. Chylomicrons transport fats that enter the gastrointestinal tract along with food. Very low-density lipoproteins transport endogenous triglycerides to the site of their disposal, and LDL carries lipids throughout the tissues.

Other functions of lipoproteins:

• increasing the permeability of the cell membrane;
• stimulation of immunity;
• activation of the blood coagulation system;
• delivery of iron to tissues.

Cholesterol or cholesterol is a fatty alcohol soluble in lipids, which transport it through circulatory system. 75% of cholesterol is formed in the body and only 25% comes from food. Cholesterol is a key element of the cell membrane and takes part in the formation of nerve fibers. Substance matters for normal function immune system, activating a protective mechanism against the formation of malignant cells. Cholesterol is also involved in the production of vitamin D, sex and adrenal hormones.

High-density lipoproteins help remove cholesterol from the blood, cleansing blood vessels, and preventing such a common disease as atherosclerosis. Their high concentration helps prevent many pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

Low-density lipoproteins lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which interfere with normal blood circulation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular pathologies. An increased level of low-density lipoproteins is an alarming signal indicating the risk of atherosclerosis and a predisposition to myocardial infarction.

HDL, or high-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoproteins are responsible for maintaining cholesterol at normal level. They are synthesized in the liver and are responsible for delivering cholesterol to the liver from surrounding tissues for disposal.

Increased levels of high-density lipoproteins are observed with pathological changes hepatobiliary system: hepatosis, cirrhosis, drug or alcohol intoxication.

Reduced HDL levels are observed when there is an excess accumulation of cholesterol, which occurs against the background of Tangier disease (hereditary HDL deficiency). More often, a reduced HDL level indicates atherosclerosis.

LDL (LDL) low density lipoproteins

Low-density lipoproteins transport cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides to peripheral systems from the liver. This type of compound contains about 50% cholesterol and is its main transportable form.

A decrease in LDL occurs due to pathology of the endocrine glands and kidneys: nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism.

An increase in the concentration of low-density lipoproteins is caused by inflammatory processes, especially in cases of damage thyroid gland and hepatobiliary system. High levels are often observed in pregnant women and against the background of infection.

Norm for women by age (mmol/l):

Standard table LDL cholesterol in blood for both sexes (mg/dl):

VLDL and chylomicrons

Very low density lipoproteins take part in the delivery of endogenous lipids to various tissues from the liver, where they are formed. These are the largest compounds, second in size only to chylomicrons. They consist of 50-60% triglycerides and a small amount of cholesterol.

An increase in VLDL concentration leads to clouding of the blood. These compounds belong to “bad” cholesterol, which provokes the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques on the vascular wall. Gradual enlargement of these plaques leads to thrombosis with a risk of ischemia. A blood test confirms elevated VLDL levels in patients with diabetes and various kidney pathologies.

Chylomicrons are formed in intestinal epithelial cells and transport fat from the intestines to the liver. Most of the compounds are triglycerides, which break down in the liver to form fatty acids. One part of them is transferred to the muscle and adipose tissue, the other comes into contact with blood albumin. Chylomicrons perform transport function, carrying food fats, and VLDL transport compounds formed in the liver.

Very low density lipoproteins contain a high concentration of cholesterol. Penetrating into the vessels, they accumulate on the wall, causing various pathologies. When their level increases greatly due to metabolic disorders, atherosclerotic plaques appear.

Factors that increase beta cholesterol

An increase in LDL and VLDL occurs against the background of the following diseases:

• endocrine diseases - dysfunction of the thyroid gland, disruption of the synthesis of adrenal hormones;
• chronic alcoholism, intoxication of the body with ethanol breakdown products and liver enzyme deficiency;
• decompensated diabetes mellitus;
• intake of large amounts of saturated fatty acids from food along with animal fats, the predominance of “useless” carbohydrates in the diet;
• malignant processes of the prostate and pancreas;
• liver dysfunction, cholestasis, stagnant processes, biliary cirrhosis and hepatitis;
• cholelithiasis, chronic liver diseases, benign and malignant neoplasms;
• metabolic syndrome, female obesity, fat deposition in the thighs, abdomen, arms;
• renal dysfunction, severe renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.

It is important to get tested for LDL and VLDL if a number of the following symptoms appear:

• moderate or severe weight gain, such as typical sign lipid metabolism disorders;
• formation of nodules on the skin, xanthelasmas, which are most often located in the eyelid area, on the cheeks;
• discomfort and pain in chest, which is associated with ischemia, such a symptom indicates atherosclerotic vascular damage and serious circulatory disorders due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques;
• memory impairment, inhibition of reactions, as a sign of damage to the blood vessels of the brain (vascular encephalopathy), there is a risk of ischemic stroke;
• frequent numbness of the arms and legs, a feeling of “running goosebumps”, which indicates the deposition of cholesterol on the vascular wall in the area of ​​the lower and upper limbs. It, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of nerve trophism and a decrease in sensitivity such as polyneuropathy, or “socks” and “gloves”.

Atherosclerosis refers to systemic diseases, because the damage concerns the disruption of the blood supply to all internal organs. Narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels is a pathological phenomenon when the cause is the accumulation of cholesterol.

Dyslipoproteinemia

What is dyslipoproteinemia? This:

• disruption of the process of lipoprotein formation;
• discrepancy between the formation of lipoproteins and the rate of their utilization. All this leads to changes in the concentration in the blood various types LP.

Primary dyslipoproteinemia is caused by a genetic factor, secondary is the result of negative external and internal factors.

Lipoproteins (or lipoproteins) are a combination of lipids (fats) and proteins. - a soft, waxy substance found in all parts of the body.

It cannot dissolve on its own in the blood, so special “carriers” – lipoproteins – are required to transport it through the bloodstream.

There are three types of lipoproteins, the difference between which is the ratio of protein content to cholesterol volume.

• High-density lipoproteins (high-density lipoproteins), the volume of protein in such lipoproteins is quite large, and the cholesterol level is much lower. They are generally called "good" cholesterol because they extract it from artery walls and get rid of it in the liver. The higher the concentration of HDL compared to the concentration of LDL, the better for a person; these lipoproteins are a kind of protection of the body from various cardiac complications, for example, stroke, tachycardia, chronic arterial insufficiency, rheumatic carditis, deep vein thrombosis;
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) contain higher concentrations of cholesterol compared to protein and are called “bad” cholesterol. A large amount of LDL in the blood increases the likelihood of aortic disease, stroke, disease blood vessels. They also trigger the formation of cholesterol plaques along the inner wall of the artery. When the number of these plaques increases, the excess volume narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. As a result of the rupture of such a plaque, peculiar blood clots (thrombi) are formed, which also limit blood flow. This lump can lead to a heart attack or myocardial infarction (if it is in one of the coronary arteries);
• Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain even less protein than LDL;
• Triglycerides are a type of fat that the body uses as a source of energy. The combination of high triglyceride concentrations and low HDL levels may also cause heart attack or stroke. When checking HDL and LDL levels, doctors often evaluate triglyceride levels.

Read more about lipoproteins and cholesterol

Normal indicators

*The conversion factor from mg/dL to mmol*/L is 18.1.

In women and men levels a little different(but not by much):

Ask your question to a clinical laboratory diagnostics doctor

Anna Poniaeva. Graduated from Nizhny Novgorod medical academy(2007-2014) and Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016).

When conducting a biochemical blood test to determine cholesterol levels, it is important to establish not only general indicator of this substance, but also the concentration of low- and high-density lipoproteins. Even if total cholesterol levels are normal, too low HDL cholesterol can lead to the development of diseases that affect cardiovascular system.

What are high-density lipoproteins and their functions

Cholesterol (also known as cholesterol) is present exclusively in the bodies of humans and animals. Plants do not contain this substance. It can be found in the liver, adipose tissue, adrenal glands, and brain/spinal cord. Cholesterol is an important element of cell membranes.

Cholesterol takes part in the production of hormones and provides protection to the cells of the human body from external factors. This is an extremely important substance necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Among other things, cholesterol is also responsible for the production of vitamin D, the primary source of which is sunlight.

There are about three hundred and fifty grams of the substance in the human body. About ninety percent of cholesterol is found in tissues, the remaining ten is in the blood. Most of the substance (about eighty percent) is synthesized by the liver. The remaining twenty percent enters the body with food (meat, fish).

Cholesterol is insoluble in water. Therefore, it is not capable of circulating through the bloodstream on its own. In the human body, cholesterol is found in compounds with special proteins. Today there are several types of such compounds:

HDL is synthesized in small amounts in small intestine. But here the so-called “immature lipoprotein” is formed. Before entering the bloodstream, this substance passes through the liver, where the bulk of high-density lipoproteins are formed.

In addition to transporting cholesterol from tissues and organs to the liver, HDL performs the following functions:

Thus, cholesterol plays an important role in the normal functioning of the human body. It is transported along it in combination with proteins, forming lipoproteins. High-density lipoproteins play a special role (alpha is another designation for this cholesterol). They are responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the cardiovascular system. In addition, this compound is involved in many processes important for the functioning of the body.

Blood cholesterol levels

In order to determine the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream, it is necessary to conduct a biochemical analysis. Since cholesterol is found in food, eating twelve hours before the blood sampling procedure can distort the result of its analysis. Therefore, it is carried out in the morning, on an empty stomach. Before this, the person from whom the blood is taken must avoid eating, starting at seven o'clock in the evening of the previous day.

The need to conduct such a study arises if a person is found to have:

• atherosclerosis;
• diseases affecting the liver;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system. Tests are performed for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Thanks to the study, the specialist will be able to assess the risk of complications and predict the further development of the disease.

Feedback from our reader - Olga Ostapova

I’m not used to trusting any information, but I decided to check and ordered one package. I noticed changes within a week: my heart stopped bothering me, I started to feel better, I had strength and energy. Tests showed a decrease in CHOLESTEROL to NORMAL. Try it too, and if anyone is interested, below is the link to the article.

The purpose of the analysis is to determine the following indicators:

• total cholesterol level;
• concentrations of LDL and HDL in the bloodstream;
• establishing the atherogenicity coefficient.

What is the atherogenic coefficient? This is special important indicator, which displays the relationship between the concentration of LDL and HDL in the bloodstream. If this ratio is more than three to one, there is a risk of developing atherosclerosis.

The established standards make it possible to assess the level of total cholesterol in the blood and the concentration of high-density lipoproteins. Specific boundary norms depend on the gender of the subject and his age. The norm is considered to be an ABL cholesterol (HDL) concentration of at least 0.90 mmol per liter (for men). For women this indicator higher - at least 1.15 mmol per liter.

You can find out in more detail about the limit norms of “good” cholesterol depending on the age of the subject from the following table.

Despite the fact that in the table provided, the lower cholesterol level in some cases drops to 0.78 mmol per liter, the level of the substance below 1 mmol per liter increases the risk of developing diseases associated with the cardiovascular system.

Thus, the risk of developing coronary disease heart rate increases by twenty-five percent when the concentration of the substance in the bloodstream decreases relative to the average by 0.13 mmol per liter. When HDL is below 0.78 mmol per liter, the likelihood of atherosclerosis increases three times. An HDL level above 1.56 mmol per liter is considered an antiatherogenic factor, providing protection against diseases affecting the cardiovascular system.

The atherogenicity coefficient mentioned earlier is also important. Installed today the following standards of this indicator:

• less than 1 – for newborns;
• up to 2.5 – for men from twenty to thirty years old;
• up to 2.2 – for women of the same age;
• up to 3.5 – for men aged from forty to sixty years.

The lower this indicator, the better. When these values ​​are exceeded, the risk of developing atherosclerosis increases. So, with a coefficient of three to four, there is a moderate probability of the disease occurring. If the value is higher than four, there is a high probability.

Thus, HDL levels directly affect the risk of developing diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. When the level of high-density lipoproteins is below 1 mmol per liter, the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease increases. An HDL level above 1.56 mmol per liter significantly reduces the chance of developing these diseases.

Causes and dangers of changes in HDL in the blood

The reason for changes in the level of high-density lipoproteins and their concentration exceeding the established norms can be diseases and taking certain medications, as well as other factors. A decrease in HDL levels can be caused by:

High-density cholesterol has a protective function in relation to the cardiovascular system. Too much low level This substance leads to an excess of “bad” cholesterol (LDL, also known as ZBL cholesterol), which can trigger the development of the following diseases:

All the diseases described above pose a serious threat to the human body. In the absence of timely treatment, they can be fatal.

Thus, the main HDL function– transport of cholesterol from cells to the liver. By solving the problem of excessive cholesterol concentration in the body, HDL cholesterol performs a protective function. There are established standard standards for this substance. The only way to find out the concentration of HDL in the bloodstream is to carry out a biochemical blood test. Too low a concentration of this substance is dangerous for the body. This leads to the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Lack of treatment can be fatal.

DO YOU STILL THINK THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOVER COMPLETELY?

You have been suffering from constant headaches, migraines, severe shortness of breath at the slightest load and plus all this pronounced HYPERTENSION? Did you know that all these symptoms indicate INCREASED CHOLESTEROL levels in your body? And all that is necessary is to bring cholesterol back to normal.

Judging by the fact that you are reading these lines now, the fight against pathology is not on your side. Now answer the question: are you satisfied with this? Can all these symptoms be tolerated? How much money and time have you already spent on ineffective treatment SYMPTOMS, and not the disease itself? After all, it is more correct to treat not the symptoms of the disease, but the disease itself! Do you agree?