What are probiotics and are they needed? What are Probiotics and why do we need them? List of the most dangerous enemies of probiotics

(also called eubiotics ) are living microorganisms that, when in good condition intestines form it. These are the so-called non-pathogenic, that is, beneficial bacteria and yeast that can counteract pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms.

These intestinal microorganisms perform useful features: provide production, vitamin K , . Bacteria also determine the restoration of normal microflora in the mucous membranes of the body and in the gastrointestinal tract, protect the body from the influence of toxic elements, and strengthen.

That is why, when the quality and quantity of bacterial composition in the intestine changes, dysbiosis , and as a consequence, various diseases, both in children and in adult men and women.

It is very important to choose the right tablets to restore intestinal microflora. If a person has symptoms antibiotic-associated diarrhea , you can buy probiotics because effective means are analogues of the drug Linex. But still, many scientists argue that until today there has not been a sufficient number of studies that would clearly confirm which probiotic of this group is the best for certain disease or the state of the body.

Currently, several generations of drugs are being produced that normalize intestinal microflora.

• First generation – monocomponent drugs, containing only one strain of bacteria (, ).
• Second generation - self-eliminating antagonists ( Bactistatin , ).
• Third generation – multicomponent medicines that contain several strains of bacteria and additives ( and its analogues, Lebenin and etc.).
• Fourth generation - bifido-containing sorbed probiotics (,).

Also, a list of probiotic preparations can be compiled according to the type of bacteria that are included in their composition. The main probiotics (the names of the drugs that are most familiar to patients) are produced in Russia. There are several foreign analogues – Bifiform , Enterol , and etc.

However, determining which probiotics are best is sometimes difficult, since about a fifth of the expensive ones are biologically active additives do not contain as many beneficial living microorganisms as the instructions indicate. Also, some strains cannot settle in the human intestines for a long time. Moreover, it is better to buy domestic drugs, since imported probiotics often contain strains of bacteria that are not adapted for people living in Russia or Ukraine.

Therefore, the guide for purchasing the drug should not be user reviews about what better medicine buy, and appoint a specialist.

Those who are prescribed probiotics should take into account that this is a remedy that, if used incorrectly, can lead to the development of serious complications and provoke cholelithiasis or urolithiasis , cytokine imbalance . Therefore, despite the fact that big list Since such medications are sold without a prescription, a specialist should tell you what probiotics are and how to take them.

Exists wide list probiotics for the intestines. To choose the best probiotics for the intestines, you must take into account their composition. Probiotics are also called eubiotics. Discussing what eubiotics are and what they are, we define two types of bacteria that are part of drugs and support microflora. That is, eubiotics are medicines that contain bifidobacteria or lactobacilli. However, the list of eubiotic drugs is quite wide, and some of them include both lactobacilli and bifidobacteria ( Bifidolactobacterin and etc.).

Prebiotics

It should be taken into account when using prebiotics that this is a remedy that is used to treat a variety of pathological conditions intestinal flora. Prebiotics – these are drugs that are prescribed in a probiotic correction scheme as additional treatment. Prebiotics for children and adults are prescribed for and other pathological conditions.

Typically used for children , as well as its analogues, pantothenic acid , inulin preparations etc. More full list Prebiotic medications, as well as information about which one is best for children to drink, can be obtained from your doctor.

Biologically active additives

Biological products can be Russian, imported and special - intended for children. It is advisable to consult a doctor about which of them should be preferred for adults or given to children.

When using any of the additives ( Vetom , Probionix , Rela Life ) instructions for use must be carefully followed.

First generation probiotics

If your baby has developed dysbiosis of the 1st degree, you can correct the microflora with the help of medicine Bifidumbacterin , as well as the drug LA whobacterin . They are also used with for preventive purposes. It is better to ask your pediatrician which drug to choose. But if, in addition to dysbiosis, the child has an acute intestinal infection, the baby should also be given sorbents and other biological products. Application of the product It is useful for torpid colitis. Consequently, it is almost never used for infants. Newborns receive diluted in cool boiled water Bifido and Lacto preparations, they are diluted at the rate of 1 dose - 1 tsp. water. The baby receives the solution half an hour before or two or three times a day.

This list of monomedicines also includes analogs of this drug, since these drugs contain acidophilus bacillus, which demonstrates activity against conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microbes. However, from a chronological point of view, Biobakton is not classified as the first generation, since it is more modern medicine. It is recommended to be given to children from the first days of life who have viral-bacterial intestinal infections or dysbacteriosis due to intake.

Bifidumbacterin dry

Capsules, tablets, and powder for solution are produced. The product contains living bacteria bifidum.

Lactobacterin dry

A lyophilisate for the solution is produced. The composition contains acidophilus lactobacilli.

A drug Russian production, you can buy it at a price of 100 rubles.

Colibacterin dry

A lyophilisate for the solution is produced. The product contains dried live bacteria coli strain M17, gelatin-sucrose protective mixture.

The drug is made in Russia and can be purchased in Moscow for a price starting from 240 rubles.

Biobakton dry

A lyophilisate for the solution is produced. The product contains acidophilus lactobacilli.

The drug is made in Russia.

Narine

Produced in capsule form. There are also other types of this drug - Narine Forte, Narine milk concentrate. The composition includes the acidophilic form of lactobacterin.

Produced in Armenia, cost from 170 rubles.

Primadophilus

Produced in capsule form. There are also other forms of the drug. Contains lactobacilli acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Produced in the USA, cost from 700 rubles.

Second generation probiotics

Probiotics are second-generation microflora preparations that contain yeast-like fungi and bacillus spores. Although these components are not included in healthy microflora, after they enter the gastrointestinal tract, they perform the same functions as beneficial living bacteria, suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. As evidenced by Wikipedia and other resources, these medications are used primarily for children suffering from acute diarrhea non-infectious origin, and also when subcompensated dysbacteriosis and intestinal infections in mild form. You can take such medications for no longer than 7 days; then it is also recommended to use live bacteria for children.

In preparations And Flonivin BS contains bacillus spores B.Cereus IP 5832 , demonstrating wide range antibacterial action. Once inside the stomach, the spores are practically unaffected gastric juice, their transition to vegetative forms occurs in the intestine. As a result, the microflora is restored.

In preparations Bactisporin And contains Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis 3H. It is a live active antagonistic strain, which is selected for its chromosomal resistance to rifampicin .

In the preparation Enterol contains Saccharomycetes ( yeast-like mushrooms). It is used to treat diarrhea caused by antibiotic treatment. The activity of Enterol against clostridia has been proven.

To the remedy Biosporin includes lichieniform bacilli.

Ingredients: Eubicore includes inactivated yeast culture, alimentary fiber, minerals. The drug is a dietary supplement.

Produced in capsules. Contains B.cereus IP 5832 freeze-dried spores.

Produced in France, you can buy it at a price of 550 rubles.

Produced in the form of a suspension, lyophilisate. The product contains an active strain Bacillus subtilis, which demonstrates resistance to rifampicin .

Produced in Russia, you can buy it at a price of 350 rubles.

Biosporin

Produced in the form of tablets and lyophilisate. The composition includes aerobic saprophytes belonging to the genus Bacillus: B. subtilis And B. Licheniformis.

The drug is made in Russia, the cost is from 250 rubles.

Enterol

Produced in the form of capsules and suspensions. Contains Saccharomycetes boulardii lyophilized, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide.

The drug is made in France, the cost is from 250 rubles.

Eubicore

The dietary supplement is produced in powder form. Contains inactivated yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dietary fiber, amino acids, vitamins, microelements.

The product is made in Russia, the cost is from 350 rubles.

Third generation probiotics

The list of third generation probiotics includes combined agents, consisting of several symbiotic strains certain type bacteria ( Acylact , Acipol ) or different types bacteria ( Bifiform , ). In this combination in one product, bacteria are more active. Also, some combination products differ in that they contain active ingredients, enhancing the activity of the probiotic.

Yes, in the composition Atcipola there is a polysaccharide of kefir grains, in Bififorme – lactulose, in Bifilise – monosaccharide lactose or lysozyme. Drugs belonging to the third generation of probiotics are used as a therapy for acute intestinal infections moderate severity. IN severe cases Such probiotic agents are prescribed for use in complex treatment.

Linex Sachet capsules for children, Linex capsules, Linex Baby powder are produced. The composition contains bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci.

The product is produced in Slovakia. Cost – from 350 rubles.

Bifiform

Several forms of the drug are produced: Kids chewable tablets, Baby drops, Complex, Baby. The Baby product also contains enterococci. In addition to the indicated components, Malysh and Kids products additionally contain vitamins , AT 6 .

The drugs are manufactured in Denmark. Cost – from 350 rubles.

Bifiliz

Produced in the form rectal suppositories, lyophilisate for suspension. The product contains bifidobacteria bifidum and lysozyme.

The drug is made in Russia, the cost is from 500 rubles.

Acipol

Produced in the form of capsules, tablets, lyophilisate. The composition contains acidophilus lactobacilli and kefir grains.

The drug is made in Russia, the cost is from 300 rubles.

Acylact

Produced in the form of tablets, suppositories, lyophilisate for suspension. The product contains acidophilus lactobacilli.

The drug is made in Russia, the cost is from 150 rubles.

Fourth generation probiotics

Probiotics of this group are means Florin Forte , Probiform , . These are sorbed probiotics, which include bifidobacteria immobilized on particles. The difference with conventional probiotics is that they provide a more pronounced protective effect.

Means prescribed for acute respiratory viral infections, gastroenterological diseases and dysbacteriosis varying degrees. The drug has a detoxifying effect. It should be noted that the medicine is contraindicated in case of lactase deficiency or gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection.

Probifor – effective medicine for detoxification and treatment of diarrhea. The medicine contains ten times more bifidobacteria than Bifidumbacterin Forte. Today, the drug is prescribed in case of severe forms acute intestinal infection as the only means of etiotropic therapy. This drug is also used to treat diseases of the colon and dysbacteriosis. When conducting research on the effectiveness of Probifor for shigellosis, it turned out that it acts in the same way as fluoroquinolones, 3rd generation antibiotics, the list of which includes several names.

When taking Probifor, the same effect is observed when acute diarrhea in patients in intensive care, as in joint reception Enterol and Bifilisa.

There are other drugs known that contain lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. This is a probiotic Super 8, etc.

Produced in the form of capsules and powder. The composition contains bifidobacteria sorbed on activated carbon.

The drug is made in Russia. Cost – from 150 rubles.

Probifor

Produced in the form of capsules and powder. The composition contains bifidobacteria bifidum, sorbed on activated carbon.

The drug is made in Russia. Cost – from 450 rubles.

Florin Forte

Produced in the form of capsules and powder. The composition contains lactobacilli, bifidobacteria bifidum, sorbed on activated carbon.

The drug is made in Russia. Cost – from 430 rubles.

Synbiotics (combined agents)

A wide range of drugs is currently offered synbiotics . These are medications that contain both probiotics and prebiotics. The difference between these components can be understood by defining what probiotics and prebiotics are.

Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms used to restore the flora of human organs, while having a detrimental effect on pathogenic and opportunistic organisms.

Prebiotics are substances that are not absorbed in the small intestine and that stimulate the growth of normal intestinal microflora, creating favorable conditions for this process.

When taking synbiotics, you should take into account that in this case contains prebiotics and probiotics in one preparation.

What is the difference between these medications and regular probiotics? After entering the intestines, probiotics normalize the microflora, however, after some time they may die, and the composition of the microflora deteriorates again. Prebiotics feed beneficial bacteria, ensuring their active reproduction and protection from external influences.

Sometimes these drugs are also called symbiotics . Before taking symbiotics, the doctor must explain to the patient what they are. After all, the list of symbiotic drugs includes different medicines, and a specialist should choose the most suitable one.

Biological supplement Maxilak contains a prebiotic component – oligofructose , as well as nine cultures of beneficial bacteria: three cultures of bifidobacteria, 4 cultures of lactobacilli, 1 lactococcus, 1 steptococcus.

What's happened ? Why are these bacteria important and beneficial not only for our intestines, but for the entire body as a whole. Symptoms of unhealthy intestinal microflora. What foods contain Probiotics?

My serious relationship Things began to get serious with Probiotics after numerous and never-ending cases of thrush. And I still believe that these beneficial bacteria are one of the significant reasons my life without thrush and even herpes on the lip, from which I suffered for many years.

Our bodies need probiotics not only for digestion and absorption of food, but also to prevent and even treat many serious diseases and conditions. Autoimmune diseases, autism, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, diseases of cardio-vascular system- the list can be continued endlessly.

For many people, it will be a revelation to learn that 80% of our entire immune system is located nowhere but in the intestines! And the intestines are connected with such important organs, like the brain, heart, skin.

That is why it is so important to maintain normal microflora in the intestines, which is what Probiotics will help you with.

What are Probiotics?

- these are special living microorganisms that live on and in our body.

The word “probiotic” itself is translated from Greek as “for life.” And indeed it is.

Our body contains 100 trillion!!! various types bacteria, which is 10 times greater than the number of all our cells combined. That is, we are more bacteria than people

When we are born into this world, we already receive our first dose of Probiotics. From Mom.

That is why I cannot even explain how important it is to maintain healthy intestinal microflora and birth canal for women. Together with life, you give your baby immunity and protection from many chronic diseases.

A couple of days ago I listened to an interesting interview with Natasha McBride, a Russian doctor who immigrated to England and opened her own clinic with a natural approach and treatment of children with autism and other neurological diseases. And according to her, all mothers of children suffering from intestinal microflora are disturbed!

That's how important these seemingly insignificant bacteria are. But I will devote a separate post to such a global problem as the relationship between autism and Probiotics.

How do you know if you have healthy intestinal microflora?

Our intestines are their own separate state. In which both “good” and “bad” bacteria coexist in balance. And this balance is incredibly important for our body.

Seemingly simple things like an incorrect diet and taking antibiotics destroy “ good bacteria in our intestines, resulting in an abnormal overgrowth of “bad” bacteria.

This leads to inflammation of the cells of the intestinal walls, which can provoke the formation of tiny tears in the intestinal mucosa, through which partially digested food particles and all kinds of toxin breakdown products enter the bloodstream, spreading throughout the body, weakening our immune system.

All this taken together gives rise to allergic reactions and other serious illnesses, such as: Crohn's disease, Hashimoto's goiter, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, arthritis.

Factors leading to imbalance of healthy intestinal microflora:

• taking antibiotics
• eating sugar
• eating simple carbohydrates
• usage
• chronic stress
• chronic infections
• alcohol consumption
• smoking

Symptoms of unhealthy gut flora:

• constipation or diarrhea
• bloating, flatulence
• desire to eat sugar and
• chronic fatigue
• weak immune system, frequent colds
• herpes rash on lips
• depression, depressed mood

How to restore normal intestinal microflora?

Since ancient times, our ancestors have eaten fermented/fermented foods.

In Russia it is sauerkraut and kefir, in India fermented milk drink lassi, in Asia - fermented vegetables and even ginger.

To increase the number of beneficial bacteria and maintain a healthy balance in your body, you need to consume foods from the list below at least once a day:

• or yogurt (store-bought ones are pasteurized and usually devoid of all living bacteria, and, moreover, most are stuffed with sugar)
• or other pickled vegetables (don’t use store-bought ones, always ferment them yourself)
• Also, for “feeding” Probiotics , try to eat foods rich in indigestible fiber: vegetables and fruits.

Probiotics and their beneficial properties:

• Helps digest and absorb food.
• Participate in the synthesis of vitamins B and K.
• Struggling with chronic inflammation organism, which leads to the same chronic diseases.
• Strengthen the immune system.
• Balancing the feminine internal environment and help fight and prevent .
• Strengthen urinary system and prevent the occurrence of cystitis and kidney disease.
• Fight allergies.
• Improves the health and condition of the skin: psoriasis, eczema, acne.
• Prevents the growth of bad bacteria in oral cavity, preventing caries and gum disease.
• They also have a positive effect on cholesterol levels, high pressure, liver disease, and even mood.

Hippocrates, the father of medicine, had a rather famous expression: all diseases begin in the intestines. AND latest research this is confirmed once again. Without healthy, balanced intestinal flora, there is no complete health!

Advertising insistently advises us to buy foods and medications with probiotics and prebiotics. Like, recovery is inevitable. Is advertising honest in this case? And who benefits from probiotics and who benefits from prebiotics?

How are probiotics different from prebiotics? Where to look for them and in what quantity to use? Says professor, doctor of medical sciences. Zainudin Zainudinov, chief physician clinics therapeutic nutrition Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology.

— Probiotics are microbial cultures that help the intestines work properly. Mainly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. With a sufficient amount of these beneficial bacteria in the intestines, all digestive processes proceed correctly: breakdown of products, absorption nutrients etc. These bacteria are also responsible for the production of some useful substances and vitamins, in particular folic acid, vitamin K.

Prebiotics are that part of food that is not actively absorbed and does not completely decompose in the intestine, but at the same time is a necessary environment for normal operation intestines and those very probiotics in it. The function of prebiotics is usually performed by coarse fiber. Most often it is found in vegetables and fruits, whole grains. Sometimes some products - dairy, cereals, etc. - are specially enriched with prebiotics. This is useful.

So pro- and prebiotics are the key proper operation gastrointestinal tract and overall health. The absence of such signs of intestinal imbalance as constipation or loose stools depends on this (an increase in fiber can lead to loose stools, a decrease can lead to constipation). It is believed that about 20-25 grams of fiber per day will help ensure normal digestive function intestines (the exact amount of fiber is indicated in the tables chemical composition food). On average, it is believed that at least 400 grams fresh vegetables and fruits in daily diet will provide the right amount of fiber.

Sources of probiotics are all fermented milk products. Again, on average, it is recommended to consume about 600 grams of dairy and fermented milk products. In this case, fermented milk products should prevail. It is important to pay attention to the expiration date of such products.

Should you rely on the “contains live bacteria” label on the packaging of kefir or yogurt? This doesn't matter since most bacteria are killed when exposed to of hydrochloric acid stomach. It is unlikely that they will reach the intestines alive in the required quantity. That is why there are preparations containing lacto- and bifidobacteria. They are usually made in capsules, which protect them from destruction in acidic environment stomach. So for healthy eating Regular kefir and yogurt are quite suitable.

As for drugs with lacto- and bifidobacteria, you should not take them without serious reason. Yes, it is impossible to be poisoned or overdose on them - the body will not absorb the excess amount, and they will come out naturally. But the benefits are very relative. You need to understand that the composition of the intestinal microflora (the number of certain bacteria) in a person is very individual, it is formed in childhood and remains for life. In case of minor deviations from the norm, it is restored quite quickly naturally. Serious violations intestinal microflora is possible with certain diseases, taking antibiotics, and a radical change in diet and diet. In this case, medications may indeed be required. By the way, stress has the weakest effect on intestinal microflora parameter.

IN Lately gastroenterologists and therapists prescribe along with the main therapy additional medications- probiotics and prebiotics. What is this? Many patients encounter these drugs for the first time, and they are interested in how they work and whether they can harm health, especially children's health.

What are probiotics and prebiotics?

For a long time, scientists debated which definition to choose for these drugs so that it would be clear, accessible and correct. It was only in 2002 that the WHO adopted the exact wording.

What are probiotics? These are drugs that contain non-pathogenic microorganisms that are normally found in the intestines.

They are distinguished by types and strains. Each strain has its own effect on the body, but it is always positive. It has been established that all probiotics improve intestinal function, because the stomach (in Old Russian word meant “life”) is the most important regulator of the health of the whole organism.

Probiotics are available in different forms- capsules, drops, powder. Some of them must be refrigerated, without which the bacteria die and become ineffective. Among the most popular bacteria are non-pathogenic strains of bifidobacteria, enterococci, enterococci.

Prebiotics are substances that feed non-pathogenic microorganisms in our intestines and contribute to their improved growth and development.

Prebiotics are not absorbed into small intestine, but create favorable environment for his work. These substances are found in a large number of products - primarily dairy products (which is why they are recommended for poor digestion), corn, bread, onions, garlic, beans, bananas. Many manufacturers add various products(cereals, yoghurts, etc.) prebiotics. Their composition varies - they include lactulose, inulin, oligofructose, chitosan, arginine, vitamins A, E, C, etc.

They go on sale in the form medicines or In addition, they are added to already finished products nutrition.

How are probiotics different from prebiotics?

Prebiotics - what are they? They are chemical structures and food components. Probiotics are live microorganisms that die if stored incorrectly. Therefore, you should definitely read the instructions when purchasing these drugs.

From the above information, it becomes clear that intestinal prebiotics are food for bacteria that are part of the main composition of probiotics. The main task of both the first and second groups of drugs is to improve the performance of digestive system, in what ways they are similar. However, this is where their similarities end (with the exception of similar names and indications for use).

What are the indications for the use of pro- and prebiotics?

Their sphere therapeutic use almost the same. They are prescribed for digestive disorders and gastrointestinal diseases. Let's look at the readings in more detail.

Irritable bowel syndrome. It is a disorder of the intestines, which is manifested by disturbances in stool (diarrhea/constipation) and flatulence. The drugs help normalize stools and reduce flatulence, but which one is the most effective is still unknown.

Intestinal inflammation occurs due to disruption of the immune system. It is chronic and periodically worsens. Symptoms also include bowel movements, colic, and even blood in the stool. Research reports that gut probiotics and prebiotics reduce inflammation.

Dysbacteriosis is an increase in the number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria in the intestines. If you increase the number of beneficial bacteria to normal, dysbiosis will go away - it will simply be “crushed” by non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Diarrhea. There are several types of diarrhea that can be treated with pro- and prebiotics. They are especially effective in treating rotavirus infection in children.

Benefits and effects of pro- and prebiotics

Probiotics have the following effects on the human body:

1. Colonization of the intestines with positive microflora, which suppresses viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.
2. Production of biotin, vitamin K, niacin and folic acid.
3. Reducing cholesterol due to the breakdown of bile salts.
4. Improving digestion and eliminating such unpleasant symptoms, like flatulence, colic.
5. Reduced intoxication due to immune activation.
6. Destruction of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastritis and ulcers.
7. Reducing the harmful effects of antibiotics on the intestines. The latter destroy the beneficial microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.
8. Relief of diarrhea caused by intestinal infections in acute form.

Almost all probiotics have these effects to one degree or another, but the mechanisms of their action are still unclear.

Let's look at prebiotics. Preparations whose composition is rich in these substances contribute to:

1. Intestinal suppression and increase in beneficial bacteria.
2. Eliminating mucus from the intestinal walls if it is released in excess.
3. Accelerates the healing of the colon mucosa.
4. Maintaining normal acidity, under which bacteria can grow.
5. Improving intestinal motility.
6. Reducing gas formation.
7. Production of vitamins K and group B.
8. Increasing local immunity.

That is, probiotics and prebiotics for the intestines are often prescribed in combination, as they successfully complement each other.

Classification of pro- and prebiotics

Drugs are classified according to their composition and effect on the body. Since this is a very large group, we will conditionally divide them into 4 subspecies.

1. Monocomponent ones contain only one type of probiotic bacteria: “Acilact”, “Bifidumbacterin”, “Biosporin”, “Colibacterin”, “Euflorin”.
2. Symbiotics include several types of bacteria: "Acidobac", "Bifidin", "Linex", "Symbiolact", "Enterol".
3. Synbiotics are a combination of pro- and prebiotics: “Bioflor”, “Maxilak”, “Narine Forte”, “Kalsis”, “Evitalia”.
4. Probiotic complexes - probiotics + enterosorbents: "Bifidumbacterin forte", "Bifikol forte", "Probioflor", "Ecoflor".

The drugs must be prescribed by a doctor, since each group has its own differences. In addition, they also drink them according to a certain scheme, which is announced by the doctor.

The most well-known prebiotics on the pharmacy market are:

1. “Lactusan”, “Prelax”, “Lactofiltrum” (contain lactulose).

2. "DiRezen" and "Gastrointestinal Transit Prebiotic" (inulin).

3. Pikovit syrup.

4. "Evalar MCC Ankir-B" (microcrystalline cellulose).

How to take medications?

The method of application depends on the age of the patient and the form of release of the probiotic. Children under one year of age are prescribed liquid formulations(biogaya), and older children are shown powder, which is diluted with liquid, or capsules. Children under two years old drink one capsule per day, but the dosage increases with age.

Baby formulas

Children are especially susceptible to digestive disorders, which is why there are special mixtures in order to reduce the frequency of bloating, regurgitation and stool disorders in children. Formulas for children that contain prebiotics - what are they? This is a small group baby food, enriched with lactobacilli, lactulose, etc. That is, they are a mixture of pro- and prebiotics.

Among them:

• "Agusha";
• "NAN fermented milk" (Nestle);
• "Humana" with prebiotics;
• "Nutrilak Premium";
• "Nanny" with prebiotics;
• "Similac Premium".

Harm or benefit?

Of course, the question of the harmlessness of probiotics and prebiotics for the intestines has arisen more than once. Scientists are constantly conducting research to find out the effectiveness and safety of probiotics, because the demand for them has especially increased over the past few years. Probiotics are actively purchased and absolutely healthy people- so to speak, “for prevention.”

As a result of multiple studies, it was revealed that probiotics themselves do not benefit the body if there are no indications for their use. That is, people who do not experience digestive problems can refuse them. In the presence of dysbacteriosis, they have little therapeutic effect.

Also, probiotics and prebiotics have a certain list of side effects. First of all, this is flatulence, which passes quickly enough and does not pose a health hazard. The most serious complications after taking medications it is allergic reactions on the components of probiotic preparations.

Children should buy probiotics only as prescribed by a doctor.

Attention! Probiotics may be harmful for children with Crohn's disease.

Pro- and prebiotics: reviews

The Internet is full of messages from those who have already taken probiotics and prebiotics. Impressions about them are mostly positive; there are practically no side effects. Especially a lot positive feedback Parents of children who have encountered dysbacteriosis report them.

Of course, there are also negative impressions about drugs, because each organism is individual, but there are very few of them.

Today we looked at what prebiotics and probiotics are, how they act on the body, and how to take them correctly.

While classical medical wisdom teaches people to avoid bacteria, some microorganisms can promote health. These include bacteria and yeast, called probiotics.

Probiotics are microorganisms that naturally presented in digestive tract person. They take part in the digestion of food and reduce inflammatory processes.

If necessary, people can take nutritional supplements with probiotics, but these microorganisms can also be consumed through food.

In this article, we will talk about the benefits of probiotics, talk about the risks associated with them, and also provide a list of foods with probiotics and touch on the topic of supplements.

The exact mechanism of action of probiotics is unknown

Scientists are trying to figure out the exact principle of action of probiotics, but so far this goal has not been achieved. Presumably, probiotics can affect the body in the following ways:

• When a person loses “good” bacteria, for example as a result of taking antibiotics, probiotics can replace these bacteria.
• Probiotics can maintain a balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria and thus help the body function properly.

How can probiotics benefit the body?

If there is a lack of probiotics, people may develop the following: side effects:

• digestive disorders;
• skin problems;
• candidiasis;
• autoimmune diseases;
• frequent flu and colds.

Historically, the human diet included a large number of probiotics. Beneficial bacteria people consumed through fresh food grown in fertile soil, as well as through fermentation, a processing process that preserves food.

However, at present, due to freezing of food and some production processes, used in agriculture, most foods contain little or no probiotics.

By adding probiotic foods to their diet, people can experience the following health benefits:

• strengthen the immune system;
• improve digestion;
• increase the amount of energy that is generated thanks to;
• improve breathing, since probiotics destroy candida microorganisms;
• improve skin health as probiotics reduce symptoms of eczema and psoriasis;
• relieve cold and flu symptoms;
• reduce weight;
• improve healing in leaky gut syndrome.

People who want to get maximum benefit from probiotics, can start consuming them today.

Foods with probiotics

There are many various types and classes of probiotics. Some of the most common ones include the following.

• Bifidobacteria. They are found in some dairy products. Bifidobacteria help improve the condition of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and other diseases.
• Lactobacilli. These bacteria are the most common type of probiotics. They can be consumed along with yoghurts and other fermented foods. Certain strains help with diarrhea and also benefit people who are unable to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk.
• Saccharomyces boulardii. This is the yeast found in probiotics. They appear to help combat diarrhea and other digestive problems.

Food manufacturers also refer to probiotics as “live cultures” or “active cultures.” Fermented food products often includes probiotics, meaning they contain live bacteria.

Bacteria are often killed during food production. If a product sits on a shelf and is not refrigerated, it may no longer contain live and active probiotics.

Examples of dairy products containing probiotics include the following:

• mature cheeses such as cheddar, gouda or mozzarella;
• kefir - an acidified milk drink;
• buttermilk;
• yogurt.

Probiotics are not only found in dairy products. Non-dairy products containing the microorganisms in question include the following:

• non-dairy yogurts;
• salted cucumbers;
• kimchi;
• kombucha (kombucha);
• miso;
• natto - a dish made from fermented soybeans;
• sour cabbage;
• tempeh - popular in countries South-East Asia meat substitute.

How to add more probiotics to your diet?

There is a wide range of probiotic foods available, so people can include probiotics in their food in amounts that suit their needs. The choice of products depends on the individual gastronomic preferences of a particular person.

For example, you can supplement your diet with probiotics in the following way.

At breakfast, enjoy probiotic yogurt with berries, flax seeds and nuts.

Make a stir-fry using tempeh as a meat substitute. However, it is best to add tempeh at the end of frying the food, as excessive heat can kill active bacteria.

Add miso to soups. Below is a great recipe for Black Bean Miso Ginger Soup.

Show miso soup recipe

Ingredients

• 1 tablespoon canola or olive oil.
• 1 small chopped onion (about half a cup).
• 1 medium carrot, chopped (about 1 cup).
• 2 crushed cloves of garlic.
• 1 teaspoon grated ginger.
• 2 200g cans rinsed and dried black beans.
• 4 cups lightly salted vegetable broth or water.
• 1 tablespoon red miso paste.
• 1 tablespoon lemon juice.
• 2 tablespoons chopped cilantro.
• ginger root (1-1.5 cm long), cut into thin slices, about 1 tablespoon (add as desired).

Preparation

1. Heat oil in a thick-bottomed frying pan. Add the onions and carrots and fry them over medium heat until they become soft, that is, for about five minutes. Add the garlic and ginger and continue the frying process for a few more minutes.
2. Add black beans and vegetable broth, then bring it all to a boil. Reduce temperature, cover and simmer for 15 minutes. Turn off the heat.
3. Pour about a quarter of the soup liquid into a small bowl or glass. Add miso paste to it and mix thoroughly. Do this carefully so that the paste has time to dissolve in the soup.
4. Before using, add lemon juice to the pan.
5. Add seasonings to taste and lightly crush the soup with a potato masher. This will thicken the dish without compromising its texture.
6. Sprinkle the soup with chopped cilantro and, if desired, add some fresh ginger to the pan.

For a second breakfast, drink drinks rich in probiotics, such as kefir or kombucha.

Prepare sauerkraut as a side dish for main dishes.

Keep in mind that some probiotic foods, such as yoghurt, contain added sugar.

Stop your choice on those food products that contain minimum volumes sweeteners, sugar and artificial flavors.

Myths about probiotic foods

There are several common misconceptions about probiotic foods.

While some food groups contain probiotics, not all foods that belong to these groups are probiotic. For example, not all yogurts contain live or active bacteria. Those that do usually have a mention on the packaging.

Additionally, not all fermented foods contain live bacteria. Fermented foods without probiotics include the following:

• beer;
• chocolate;
• soy sauce;
• bread made from yeast dough;
• wine.

These and some other products go through production stages during which living microorganisms are killed. For example, this may occur during baking, filtration or pasteurization.

Side effects

Some people experience side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, gas and bloating when consuming foods rich in probiotics.

You can minimize side effects by adding one or two new probiotic foods to your diet each week.

Pregnant women, people who are following a specific diet due to existing medical conditions or who have a suppressed immune system should discuss increasing the proportion of probiotic foods in their diet with their doctor.

How to use probiotics safely?

Despite the fact that probiotics have significant effects on the human body, in most countries they are considered foods and not medicines. Thus, the Office of Sanitary Supervision of Quality food products and Medicines, the United States controls the production and sale of probiotics according to the rules applicable to products. That is, manufacturers of probiotic supplements do not have to prove that such products are safe and work effectively.

People who are interested in taking probiotics can discuss this option with their doctor. In general, probiotic foods and related supplements are considered safe for most people, although patients with weakened immune system or other serious medical conditions, they are not recommended.

In some cases, people may experience the side effects listed above, but they usually only appear within the first few days of starting antibiotics and then go away.

In addition, probiotics can cause allergic reactions. If people experience any problems after starting supplementation, they should tell their doctor.

Conclusion

Scientists are constantly conducting research to study the benefits of probiotics and find out what effects they have on various medical conditions- from colds to inflammatory disease intestines.

Experts do not give precise recommendations regarding specific dosages of probiotics or specific foods that may provide top scores. However, we can definitely say that the inclusion of probiotics in daily diet may improve the digestion process.

Before purchasing food products, you must study the information on the packaging. This way you can make sure that a particular product contains live and active bacteria.