How long does it take to treat oral candidiasis? Forms of fungal disease. Treatment of thrush in the mouth: drug treatment

Candidiasis oral cavity- This infection caused by yeast fungi of the genus Candida.

These bacteria are considered opportunistic because they are present in the human body almost all of his life without creating problems. They are found on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, in the vagina, intestines, and also on skin. However, when conditions favorable for their growth and development occur (decreased immunity), fungi become more active and become infectious agents.

Most often, the disease affects infants. According to statistics, 20% of babies under one year old have had thrush, and some of them even more than once. There is an opinion that candidiasis in childhood easier to tolerate and better treatable. But the infection can also occur in adults, especially for older people (after 60 years). As a rule, this is associated with the use of dentures, under which favorable conditions for active reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

In addition, thrush in adults can develop against the background of decreased immunity. Among the adult population, women and men who smoke are most susceptible to the disease.

IN Lately observed increase in the incidence of candidiasis oral cavity. Experts explain this as an uncontrolled and often not entirely justified method. medications, reducing immunity and disrupting the balance of microflora.

Types of oral candidiasis and causes of its occurrence

There are several forms of thrush:

There are many factors that contribute to the activation of fungi and the development of the disease:

In addition, oral candidiasis can become infected through contact with a sick person. For example, this can happen when sharing a toothbrush or utensils, as well as during sexual intercourse and kissing.

Also, a newborn baby can get thrush while passing through birth canal mother.

Symptoms of the development of oral candidiasis

A characteristic feature oral candidiasis is white coating in the form of snow flakes, covering the mucous membranes of the cheeks and tongue. If a woman suffered from this disease while pregnant, there is no doubt that oral candidiasis will also be found in a newborn child.

The oral form of thrush does not pose any danger to the patient, provided timely appeal to the clinic and provide the correct treatment.

In some cases, a white coating formed in the oral cavity can go to the larynx. Pinkish-red ulcers may appear on the tongue. In addition, the patient has difficulty swallowing food, a feeling of discomfort and pain in the oral cavity appears, as well as cracks around the mouth, taste sensations disappear, and even minor bleeding may occur.

At severe forms diseases, foci of plaque accumulation take the form of a uniform filmy surface, which, after some time, becomes thicker and spreads throughout the entire oral cavity.

There are the following main symptoms of oral candidiasis:

• Increased body temperature;
• pain syndrome;
• a feeling of food obstruction and difficulty swallowing;
• itching and burning of the oral mucosa;
• a loss taste sensations or a feeling metallic taste in the oral cavity;
• white coating.

Diagnosis of candidiasis

Candidiasis is diagnosed based on the results laboratory research (quantitative analysis degree of damage to the mouth, examination of scrapings using a microscope, culture for candidiasis with determination of the sensitivity of the fungus to medications).

A dentist's examination of the patient's oral cavity reveals lesions characteristic of thrush. In some cases, you may need to consult an infectious disease specialist, pediatrician, allergist-immunologist, therapist, endocrinologist.

The specialist may recommend that you undergo additional examination to confirm the diagnosis. For example, donate blood for analysis in order to identify certain pathologies associated with oral candidiasis (lack of nutrients, diabetes, etc.). Moreover, it may be biopsy scheduled, that is, taking a sample of the oral mucosa from the affected area to identify the fungus Candida alba.

Treatment of oral candidiasis in adults

To effectively treat thrush, specialists carry out sanitation of the oral cavity, take measures to increase specific and nonspecific protection, and also recommend balanced diet. In addition, additional examination by a therapist is required. Treatment of diseases of visceral candidiasis, as well as generalized candidiasis, is carried out by mycologists.

It should be noted that for effective treatment underlying pathology, it is necessary to diagnose and treat concomitant diseases. Such ailments include diabetes, pathology gastrointestinal tract and leukemia.

General therapy

For the treatment of oral candidiasis The following methods are used:

• rational nutrition with taking a complex of vitamins and reducing the amount of carbohydrates.
• To reduce dry mouth and also to affect pathogenic flora a solution of potassium iodide is used.
• A specialist makes an appointment antifungal drugs(Nystatin, Levorin). Since the tablets are poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, they must first be crushed or placed under the tongue until completely absorbed.
• Resorption of Decamine, which comes in the form of caramel, has a good effect. The so-called sweets are placed behind the cheeks and under the tongue. At the same time, it is not recommended to move the tongue so that the caramels remain in the oral cavity for as long as possible.
• Diflucan and Amoglucan - for oral administration.
• Iron supplements (Ferroplex, Conferon) are also prescribed.
• In addition, it is recommended to take calcium gluconate for a month, which relieves allergies and has a general strengthening effect. Pipolfen, Diphenhydramine, Suprastin, Fenkarol are prescribed as antiallergic drugs.
• To strengthen the immune system and get well soon a vaccine is prescribed, and drugs such as Pentoxyl Methyluracil are also used.

Local therapy

Used for the treatment of cheilitis and yeast infections Decamine ointment(0.5%), Levorin ointment (5%) and Nystatin ointment. Ointments must be used alternately.

The red border of the lips and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity are treated with a solution of aniline dyes.

Used for mouth lubrication and applications. Clotrimazole solution(1%) Amphoterecin B ointment (1%) and Decamine ointment (0.5%).

Rinse with solution boric acid(2%), sodium bicarbonate solution (2%), borax solution (2-5%).

How to treat oral candidiasis with folk remedies

There are many recipes traditional medicine, which in combination with traditional methods therapy gives good results.

First of all, it is necessary review your diet, since diet plays an important role in the treatment of thrush. Nutrition should be balanced with high content fiber. Avoid eating during treatment simple carbohydrates(rice, White bread etc.), since such a diet will accelerate the growth and development of the fungus.

Onions and garlic have excellent antifungal properties. Use a combination of them when cooking, and also eat these ingredients raw as a snack for main dishes.

Will help restore the number of bacteria necessary for the body foods or supplements containing a probiotic. The healthy microorganisms that accumulate as a result will naturally relieve you of candidiasis.

Especially a lot beneficial bacteria in yogurt. It contains acidophilus, which belongs to a group of bacteria that helps inhibit the growth of fungus. In addition, there are special acidophilus supplements available in capsule form. They must be taken until full recovery several times a day.

The following options are used for rinsing the mouth:

• A decoction of celandine, juniper, birch buds and chamomile;
• viburnum juice;
• calendula tincture (1 tsp tincture per glass of water);
• cranberry juice;
• carrot juice.

Affected areas of the mucosa lubricated with the following means:

• Oak bark decoction;
• juice of wormwood, celandine, milkweed, garlic or onion;
• alcohol tincture from juniper shoots.

During the entire period of treatment for thrush, it is recommended to eat only semi-warm and semi-liquid foods. After completing therapy, it is advisable to adhere to the diet recommended by the doctor for several more months.

You should not delay treatment of candidiasis, as this can lead to the appearance of other, more serious illnesses, requiring enhanced treatment. Therefore, when the first signs of thrush appear, you should immediately contact your dentist for quality therapy.

Candidiasis in the mouth

Yeast Candida mushroom albicans constantly lives on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and skin. Growth is tightly controlled by bacteria and microorganisms.

Stressful situations and some drugs disrupt the unstable balance of microflora.

The Candida fungus is growing rapidly and getting out of control. Thrush in the mouth begins due to an excess of yeast bacteria. It is not limited to the oral cavity, manifestations include diaper rash in babies and vaginal discharge among women.

Thrush affects men and women of any age, but in children early age are diagnosed more often. At risk are the elderly and people with weak immunity. Thrush in the mouth in men is considered as a signal of poor health.

What causes thrush?

Medicines that are “guilty” of an imbalance of microorganisms in the oral cavity and contribute to thrush:

• corticosteroid drugs;
• antibiotics;
• contraceptives.

Diseases and medical situations, which increase the chance of candidiasis include:

1. Hormonal changes during pregnancy.
2. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
3. HIV infection.
4. Oncology.
5. Dry mouth.
6. Malocclusion.

People who wear dentures and smoke are at risk of developing thrush. Kissing, sexual contact, common hygiene items, dishes are ways of transmitting candidiasis.

The main cause of the disease in men is considered to be a decrease in immunity.

What symptoms should you look out for?

Candidiasis develops suddenly, in adults it often becomes chronic form. Thrush has common feature- creamy-white plaque in the mouth. The symptoms are so obvious that they are difficult to miss. Loose and dense spots are located on the tongue. Cover the surface of the cheeks, palate and tonsils.

Symptoms of candidiasis in adult men include loss of strength and malaise. The disease is contracted by airborne droplets. The risk group includes men with HIV infection and patients with tuberculosis.

Thrush in the mouth causes dryness. Symptoms are similar in adults and children. On examination, the oral tissues are swollen. The white clots are convex and consist of destroyed epithelial cells, keratin, fibrin and food debris.

By appearance resemble plaques covered with a layer of cottage cheese. They are painful to the touch and bleed if you try to remove them. There is a burning sensation when brushing your teeth, copious discharge saliva. The activity of microbes has a detrimental effect on neighboring healthy cells. Ulcers form on the mucous membrane; with a long course of the disease, the deep layers of the mucous layer of the mouth and throat are affected.

IN in rare cases The pharynx and esophagus are affected. You should be wary:

• pain;
• feeling of food stuck in the throat, sternum;
• fever if the thrush has spread beyond the esophagus.

Seizures in the corners of the lips in adults are caused by poorly made dentures. Incorrect “landing” changes a person’s facial expressions, saliva flows out and wets the corners of the mouth. The skin turns red and becomes crusty. When you open your mouth, it cracks, blood appears, and the person feels a burning sensation and pain.

Itching appears when allergic reaction. The burning sensation is intensified by sour, spicy and hot foods. Symptoms when candida infection mouth include temperature, which rises in response to an irritant from the activity of the Candida fungus.

Diagnostic methods for determining the disease

In adults, before treating thrush that is localized in the mouth or on the mucous membranes of other organs, an examination is carried out. The doctor listens to the patient's complaints and examines the oral cavity. To clarify the diagnosis, he prescribes a blood test to determine glucose levels, general biochemistry and a smear from the oral mucosa for microscopic examination.

Consultations with a dermatologist and endocrinologist help to establish the cause, how and what led to the development of the disease. It is possible to cure oral thrush in an adult only when a regimen has been developed for the treatment of current diseases: leukemia, colitis, dysbacteriosis and diabetes.

Oral candidiasis is treated by a dentist. If symptoms are found general defeat body, that is, the organs are affected, then an infectious disease specialist helps get rid of it.

Treatment for oral thrush

Treatment of oral thrush involves both local sanitation of the mouth and the prescription of oral antifungal drugs that kill microbes inside the body in adults and children.

Treatment of fungal infection inside the body

General therapy in adults is based on antibiotics and imidazole derivatives. To eliminate the growth of fungi and get rid of infections in the mouth and other organs, Nystatin and Levorin tablets are prescribed. How to take them for thrush is prescribed by the doctor after checking the smear and blood tests.

Symptoms become less severe after a few days. Resorption of the tablet in the mouth helps to enhance the effect on the mucous membrane. In adult men, this treatment gives quick results, the pain of eroded areas decreases and the plaque on the mucous membrane gradually decreases. The doctor evaluates the result at a follow-up appointment to see how the prescribed antibiotic copes with the task. If the symptoms of the disease remain severe, thrush will be treated with Amphotericin or Amphoglucamine.

Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole (imimdazoles) are used in a course. It takes at least 1 week for the symptoms to subside. The doctor will calculate the dosage and duration of use.

To reduce activity yeast-like fungi prescribe:

1. Flucanazole. Dosage 200-400 mg per day.
2. Nizoral. Dosage 200 mg. The course of therapy is 3 weeks.
3. Diflucan. Daily dose 50-100 mg. Duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.
4. Decamine caramel. Keep it in your mouth until the lozenge dissolves. Dosage: 2 pieces per day for 2 weeks.
5. Suprastin, Zyrtec against allergies.

Auxiliary therapy to improve immunity includes additional intake of vitamins, calcium and iron supplements.

Local treatment of thrush

To restore the microflora in the mouth and heal tissues, medications are used that disinfect the mucous membrane, remove bad smell, dissolve the plaque covering the inflamed areas. To remove the symptoms of the disease use:

1. For cauterization, use a solution of fucorcin or brilliant green.
2. For lotions - Lugol's solution.
3. Lozenges for resorption and local anesthesia Lizak, Lysozyme.
4. Levorin or Nystatin ointments help heal inflammation on the lips.

It will not be possible to cure thrush if there are pockets of infection in the mouth: untreated teeth, caries or lack of hygiene. In adult men who are addicted to nicotine, this likelihood is generally reduced.

Oral candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by yeast fungi of the genus Candida.

These bacteria are considered opportunistic because they are present in the human body almost all of his life without creating problems. They are found on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, vagina, intestines, and also on the skin. However, when conditions favorable for their growth and development occur (decreased immunity), fungi become more active and become infectious agents.

Most often, the disease affects infants. According to statistics, 20% of babies under one year old have had thrush, and some of them even more than once.

What it is?

Oral candidiasis is a disease caused by the harmful fungus Candida. These yeast-like organisms can be found on the skin, in the intestines, in the vaginal area, and so on. Moreover, often no signs of the disease may appear at all.

When the immune system is weakened, the fungus becomes active, penetrates the mucous membrane, destroys it, causing the appearance of the first symptoms of oral candidiasis - pain, dryness, burning sensation.

Causes

There are many factors that contribute to the activation of fungi and the development of the disease:

1. Weakening of the immune system, deficiency of immune cells.
2. Associated pathologies: diseases of the digestive organs and adrenal glands, tuberculosis, HIV.
3. Radiation therapy in patients with oncology.
4. Dysbacteriosis and deficiency of vitamins B, C and PP.
5. Oral contraceptives that disrupt hormonal levels, thereby creating favorable conditions for the growth and development of the fungus.
6. Often, oral thrush in adults signals the onset of diabetes mellitus.
7. Pregnancy. In this condition, a woman experiences a change in metabolism and hormonal levels, and there is also a decrease in immunity.
8. Reception medicines, oppressive immune system body. These are cytostatics and corticosteroids.
9. Long-term use of antibiotics. Such drugs contribute to disruption of the microflora composition. And, accordingly, the ratio of microorganisms changes. Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, having no competitors, begin to actively multiply.
10. The use of dentures, especially in cases where they are unprofessionally installed and injure the oral mucosa. Acrylic structures can provoke an allergic reaction, which facilitates the penetration of microorganisms into cells.
11. Small mechanical damage oral mucosa. They can appear as a result of exposure to damaged teeth or malocclusion.
12. Bad habits: drugs, alcohol. These substances contribute to the destruction of balance and decreased immunity.

In addition, oral candidiasis can be contracted through contact with a sick person. For example, this can happen when sharing a toothbrush or utensils, as well as during sexual intercourse and kissing.

Symptoms and photos

Oral candidiasis is clinically manifested various forms(see photo):

• Gingivitis – gums only;
• Stomatitis (most common form) – the entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity is affected;
• Glossitis is an isolated lesion of the tongue;
• Cheilitis – the mucous membrane of the lips is involved. With angular cheilitis - only the corners of the lips (popularly this condition is called jams).

The classic manifestation of thrush in the mouth in adults is plaque detected on the mucous membrane. Outwardly, it looks like curdled grains of yellow or white color.

In some patients it can be easily removed, while in others it can be tightly fused to the underlying epithelium. Under the plaque, an eroded surface is exposed; touching it leads to slight bleeding.

In addition to the classic form of candidal stomatitis, there are also atypical options. These include:

1. Chronic oral - periodic dryness and redness of the mucous membrane, an increase in the size of the tongue, leading to difficulty swallowing.
2. Acute atrophic - the tongue takes on a varnished appearance due to smoothing of the papillae. This condition is usually associated with the use of antibiotics and immune-suppressing corticosteroid drugs.
3. Chronic hyperplastic - the appearance of white spots of large and small size on the mucous membrane, combined with the formation of very thick and viscous saliva.
4. Chronic atrophic, caused by wearing orthodontic structures.

Candidal inflammation of the tongue leads to the following symptoms:

• The appearance of plaque on it (easily removed at first, and later tightly welded to the underlying layers);
• Redness and swelling of the back of the tongue;
• The papillae of the tongue can atrophy, and in a chronic course, the filiform papillae enlarge, causing the appearance of a “black hairy tongue.”

With cheilitis the following appear:

• There are many small cracks on them, covered with gray-white scales and films;
• Redness and infiltration of the lips, their soreness;
• There is erosion underneath the films.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of oral candidiasis can be established on the basis of the clinical picture, complaints from the patient, laboratory test results and clinical tests, determination of glucose in blood serum. The skin and nails are examined for the presence of candidiasis.

The main specialist specializing in this disease is a dentist, but consultations with doctors such as an endocrinologist, mycologist, and gynecologist for women can also be prescribed.

The final diagnosis is made if yeast-like fungi Candida are found on scrapings from the mucous membrane. Mycoscopic examinations are carried out both from the oral mucosa and removable dentures. These procedures are carried out on an empty stomach before the teeth have been brushed, or at least five hours after eating.

After the treatment is completed, and clinical picture has disappeared, mycoscopic examination is carried out again.

How to treat oral candidiasis

The general treatment of candidiasis in the mouth is based on taking medicines, which provide systemic action on the body. They kill candida not only on the oral mucosa, but also in other organs and cure fungal carriage.

Antifungal drugs (antimycotics) are divided into polyene antibiotics and imidazoles.

1. Polyene antibiotics: Nystatin and Levorin. Apply 4-6 times a day after meals for 10-14 days. It is recommended to dissolve the tablets in order to enhance the effect of these drugs and extend the time of their action on the mucous membrane. Noticeable improvement occurs on day 5. The amount of plaque decreases and erosions heal.
2. If treatment with Nystatin and Levorin does not produce results, Amphotericin B is prescribed intravenously. Or Amphoglucamine tablets. Take after meals twice a day for two weeks.
3. Imidazoles – Miconazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole. Dose 50-100 mg per day, course – 1-3 weeks. The duration and dosage depend on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease.

1. Fluconazole has a strong antifungal effect. Prescribe 200-400 mg once a day.
2. Diflucan in capsules of 50-100 mg is taken once a day, the course is 7-14 days.
3. Nizoral tablets course of treatment is 2-3 weeks, 200 mg.
4. Decamine caramel. Dissolve 1-2 pieces behind the cheek, course - 10-14 days.

As tonic To boost immunity, vitamins of group B (B2, B6), as well as C and PP are prescribed. They restore redox processes and the body’s natural defenses.

For a speedy recovery, strengthening the immune system and preventing the spread of fungal infection, a candida vaccine is prescribed. The drugs Pentoxyl and Methyluracil are used for the same purpose. They activate the production of leukocytes and gamma globulins, which fight fungi.

Local treatment

These are drugs that act on the mucous membrane and are not absorbed into the blood. They stop the growth and reproduction of candida, relieve unpleasant symptoms, heal damage caused by fungal activity:

1. As local treatment Aniline dyes are used for candidiasis of the oral mucosa. The most effective are methylene blue, fucorcin solution, and brilliant green.
2. Nystatin or Levorin ointment. Use for cheilitis (lip damage) and yeast infections.
3. Lysozyme in lozenges or Lizak have a bactericidal effect.
4. Iodine preparations for applications: Yodicirin, Lugol's solution.

Sanitation of the oral cavity is of great importance, that is, the treatment of all diseases and inflammatory processes of the oral cavity. This includes the health of teeth, gums and proper care for dentures. They are treated the same antifungal agents, except aniline dyes.

Diet and nutrition rules

Drinks containing alcohol and sugar are completely excluded from the diet. Dietary considerations for oral candidiasis include the prohibition of all products containing yeast, limiting the consumption of tea, hot spices, fatty meat, smoked meats.

• The diet for oral candidiasis should include vegetables, greens, vegetables, according to reviews of patients suffering from thrush, exclusively beneficial properties carrots have. It is recommended to use carrots when preparing dishes and in fresh, and also with for preventive purposes Consume up to 6 cloves of fresh garlic per day.
• The diet for thrush includes cereals, eggs, lean fish, liver. Every day they try to use dairy products, olive oil, nuts, unsweetened fruit, blueberries, cranberries.

It is important to remember when feeding a child that with oral candidiasis, hot or cold food causes pain, and you should not eat too hard food.

Folk remedies

You shouldn’t completely give up medications, but you can speed up the healing process of the mucous membrane at home using herbal medicine:

• viburnum fruits - wipe areas with fungal infection with freshly squeezed juice;
• water tincture of calendula - place the dry collection in a thermos, pour boiling water into it, close tightly and leave for an hour and a half. Make oral baths as needed;
• chamomile decoction - pour boiling water over the dried inflorescences and leave at room temperature for half an hour. After infusion, strain and rinse your mouth 3 times a day after meals;
• decoction of oak bark - pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a fireproof container, pour water and put on fire. After boiling, boil for 5-10 minutes;
• soda suspension - dissolve 7 grams of sodium carbonate in 100 ml of liquid and wipe the ulcerated areas.

What not to do if you have candidiasis

To get rid of the disease faster, follow your doctor's recommendations. You shouldn't do this:

1. Take antibiotics. Contrary to popular belief, these substances are capable of acting exclusively on bacteria. Antibiotics are not a means to eliminate all microorganisms, so to prevent adverse consequences drugs in this group can only be used after consulting a doctor.
2. Follow a low-calorie diet. By limiting the amount of nutrients entering the body, a person weakens its defense. This cannot be done for candidiasis infection, since the main factor in its occurrence is weakened immunity. The only dietary change that should be made is to limit easily digestible carbohydrates;
3. Interrupt the course of treatment after improvement occurs. The duration of the course of therapy is determined based on the destruction of a sufficient number of Candida fungi, taking into account the prevention of their development of resistance to a particular drug.
4. Change medications yourself. The medicine, as a rule, is selected for the patient individually, based on his tests. Therefore, the feasibility of replacement should be assessed by a doctor;
5. Avoid taking immunosuppressants if prescribed by a doctor. The course of some diseases can only be controlled by taking a cytostatic drug or hormone, so discontinuation of these drugs may cause an exacerbation or relapse of the disease. The decision to stop immunosuppressants can only be made by a doctor.

It is very important to treat correctly and promptly fungal diseases, violating the state normal flora. IN otherwise, there is a high risk of developing repeated episodes of the disease and permanent damage to the mucosa. Therapy running forms much more difficult and longer. Preventing the formation of this condition is much easier than getting rid of it.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of the disease, you must follow the following tips:

• ensure regular and complete care behind the oral cavity;
• adhere to proper nutrition;
• visit the dentist every six months for preventative cleaning and treatment;
• limit contact with sick people.

To prevent the occurrence of candidiasis in infants, bottles, pacifiers and toys should be treated. A nursing mother needs to maintain breast hygiene.

Effective remedies for oral candidiasis help get rid of not only the symptoms of the disease, but also the microorganisms that cause this fungal disease. Only a doctor can select the appropriate medications. A preliminary diagnosis is carried out. After this, systemic and local treatment is carried out.

Systemic therapy

Before starting therapy against candidiasis, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis from the attending physician in order not only to confirm the presence of the disease, but also to determine the underlying causes. Only after this the doctor will be able to select the appropriate medications. Diagnosis includes determining the main symptoms and studying the condition of the oral mucosa. The doctor must also scrape the mouth, take blood for research and determine the level of sugar concentration in the blood. All results obtained from such studies influence the choice of treatment regimen.

To eliminate thrush in the mouth, it is necessary to begin treatment of diseases with chronic course. For example, this applies various diseases digestive tract, diabetes mellitus, leukemia, etc.

Oral candidiasis is treated by a periodontist or dentist. If the lesion has spread to other mucous membranes, then this is dealt with by an infectious disease specialist or mycologist. There are local and systemic therapy.

General therapy boils down to taking those pills that have a systemic effect on the patient’s body. Such medications not only destroy fungal microorganisms that cause disease on the oral mucosa, but also help get rid of mycotic lesions of other organs. In addition, such products eliminate the carriage of fungi. Tablets with antifungal effect conditionally divided into 2 groups: imidazoles and polyene-type antibiotics.

Concerning last group, then examples are Levorin and Nystatin. They are supposed to be consumed 4-5 times a day after meals. Therapy lasts 1.5–2 weeks. It is recommended to dissolve such medications. Then the effect will be more pronounced, and the duration of action on the mucous membranes of the mouth will be extended. Improvements in the patient's condition will be noticeable already on the fifth day of such therapy: plaque becomes less, and cracks and wounds begin to heal. If such drugs do not help, then Amphotericin B is prescribed. It is administered through a vein. You can also use the medicine in tablet form. Therapy lasts a couple of weeks. You need to take the medicine twice a day after meals.

The second group of drugs that are used to treat oral candidiasis are called imidazoles. Examples of such medications are Clotrimazole, Econazole, Miconazole. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and his age. Therapy lasts from 1 to 3 weeks.

To strengthen the human body, especially its immunity, drugs from the group of vitamins are prescribed. For example, very useful ascorbic acid, vitamins PP and group B.

They will stabilize redox processes and enhance the body’s protective properties. In addition, products that contain iron are very useful. For example, these are Conferon and Ferroplex. They can be purchased in pill form. They will restore metabolic processes iron in the human body that have been destabilized due to thrush.

You need to take calcium gluconate for the entire month. This medicine also has a general strengthening effect and eliminates the symptoms of an allergic reaction caused by candidiasis. As for products with antiallergic properties, Pipolfen, Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Fenkarol are also suitable.

To quickly cure the patient and strengthen his immunity, a candida vaccine is used. It is also used as a prophylaxis for various diseases caused by fungi of the Candida class, including thrush. For this, Methyluracil and Pentoxyl are used. They activate the synthesis of leukocytes and certain group globulins that can fight fungal infection.

It is also necessary to treat oral candidiasis with drugs containing local action. They act directly on the oral mucosa. They will not be absorbed into the blood. Such medications stop the reproduction and growth of candida, eliminate unpleasant signs diseases. In addition, they accelerate the process of tissue regeneration, so that erosions, cracks and wounds that were caused by the fungus heal quickly.

Aniline-type dyes are usually used to treat oral candidiasis. For example, brilliant green and methylene blue are perfect. In addition, Fukortsin is very effective.

You can use iodine preparations and make applications from them. For example, Lugol and Yoddicerin are suitable. For resorption, Lysozyme is prescribed in tablet form. He has bactericidal properties. If the lips are affected (that is, cheilitis develops), then it is recommended to use levorin and nystatin ointment. They also help with seizures that are caused by a yeast infection.

It is very important to sanitize the oral cavity in order to cure a person of thrush. In other words, it is necessary to begin treatment of all diseases, pathologies and inflammatory processes in the mouth. This applies to gums and teeth. Proper care of dentures is mandatory. It is recommended to process them by various means with antifungal properties (with the exception of aniline-type dyes).

If candidiasis develops in the oral cavity, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with various alkaline compounds. In addition, solutions with disinfectant properties are helpful.

Such solutions help remove plaque, fungus, and eliminate inflammation. They also speed up the tissue healing process. To rinse the mouth, it is recommended to use the following products:

• a mixture of iodinol and water;
• boric acid (solution with 2% concentration);
• baking soda;
• borax (solution with 2% concentration).

You need to rinse your mouth daily every 2 hours. In addition, perform the procedure every time after a meal and before going to bed. Therapy lasts 1–2 weeks. Even if an improvement in the condition of the oral cavity is felt, it is recommended to continue to repeat the procedure.

Great for candidiasis traditional methods treatment. They can be used as auxiliary measures to the main one drug therapy. Here are popular options:

1. Calendula. You will need to pour a spoonful of inflorescences with a cup of boiling water. Then cover the container with a lid and wrap it in a towel. Leave it like this for an hour. Then drink this drink. Prepare a new one every day. You can also have a spoon alcohol tincture dissolve in a cup clean water. Then use this solution to rinse the mouth. Treatment will take approximately 2 weeks. Calendula contains natural antibiotics, as well as phytoncides and oils that destroy fungus. In addition, inflammation and pain disappear.
2. Onion. It is necessary to squeeze the juice from the onion and wipe the affected areas of the mouth with it. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Remove plaque first.
3. Garlic. Use in the same way as onions. The plant contains phytoncides that kill fungi and strengthen local immunity.
4. Sagebrush. It is necessary to use its juice to lubricate affected areas in the oral cavity. In addition, you can pour boiling water over a spoonful of raw materials and then use this infusion.
5. Cranberry. Candidiasis in the mouth can be eliminated by using regular cranberries. He contains a large number of antibiotics natural origin and vitamins. You will need to use the juice as a gargle for a month.
6. Kalina. Has the same effect as cranberry. You should rinse your mouth with berry juice several times a day.
7. Carrot. You need to use its juice to rinse your mouth. It contains a large amount various vitamins, phytoncides, oils. In addition, it is recommended to drink half a glass of juice 4 times a day. Therapy lasts a month.
8. St. John's wort. A decoction is supposed to be prepared from this herb, then used as a mouth rinse. To prepare the drink, you need to pour a spoonful of herbs with a cup of water, boil for 10 minutes and wait until the product cools down. After that, filter. Rinse 5 times a day for 2 weeks. The product has antimicrobial, bactericidal and wound-healing properties.
9. Ledum. You also need to prepare a decoction from it. You will need 20 g of dried herb per cup of boiling water. Then boil for 20 minutes and use as the previous product. Improvements will be noticeable already on the fifth day.
10. Oil. It is recommended to make applications using oils. For example, sea buckthorn, olive, rosehip oil and aloe liniment are suitable. It is necessary to fold the gauze 6 times, moisten it in oil and apply it to the damaged area for 15 minutes. Repeat the procedure for 2 weeks. Oils contain substances that destroy fungus, accelerate tissue regeneration, strengthen the immune system, and eliminate inflammation.
11. Oak bark. You can also prepare a decoction based on it. You will need approximately 20 g of dried bark per 200 ml of water. Cook for half an hour in a steam bath. Then soak a piece of gauze in the broth and apply it to sore spots in the mouth. You can also use the decoction for rinsing. Repeat the procedure 4 times a day for 3 weeks.
12. Parsley. To prepare a decoction you need to use its roots. You will need to pour a spoonful of dried roots into a cup cold water and boil. Then wait until the product infuses for an hour. After this, filter and take 2 spoons 5 times a day. Keep the medicine in your mouth longer before swallowing. It will take approximately 1.5–2 weeks to get rid of thrush.
13. Dill. The seeds are used to prepare a decoction. You will need a spoonful of seeds per 500 ml of boiling water. Infuse the product for an hour. Then strain and drink a third of a cup on an empty stomach 3 times a day.
14. Honey. This product is excellent in treating oral thrush. First you need to remove the plaque. Then soak the gauze in saline solution and treat sore spots. Then take a spoonful of honey into your mouth and suck it. It will take about a month to heal. Repeat the procedure 4 times a day.

In addition, there are many other traditional medicines that will also help get rid of candidiasis in the mouth.

If oral candidiasis develops, then a diet is also necessary. In addition, it helps not only in the treatment, but also in the prevention of such fungal disease. You will have to exclude from the diet or limit the consumption of various confectionery and products that contain yeast. It is not recommended to eat fatty meat and fish, mushrooms, and sauces. Sweet fruits, coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks are harmful. Too sour and spicy foods will irritate the mucous membranes, which causes burning and pain.

But the diet is allowed to include baked goods that do not contain yeast. Fermented milk products, herbs, and vegetables will be beneficial. You can eat lean meat and fish, cereals. It is recommended to eat nuts and seeds, blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries, and various not too sweet fruits.

Herbal teas are very useful various juices. It will be best if the food is liquid or semi-liquid. After the patient recovers, it is allowed to gradually expand the diet.

• regularly consult a dentist to cure all diseases of the oral cavity;
• stop uncontrolled and long-term use of drugs from the group of sulfonamides and antibiotics;
• stop smoking;
• When using an inhaler during asthma, always rinse it;
• maintain hygiene;
• reduce your consumption of sweets and foods that contain yeast.

To prevent thrush in newborns, you must always wash pacifiers and their utensils.

Conclusion

Many people think about how to treat oral candidiasis. Nowadays, many medications have been developed, both systemic and local, that will help get rid of this disease. But before using them, you need to consult a doctor. In addition, you can always use folk remedies, which are no less effective than pharmaceutical drugs.

Thrush in the mouth gets its name because of the symptom, expressed by the appearance specific spots and cheesy plaque in the oral cavity with a characteristic milky hue.

In medical terminology, the disease is called monoliasis, oral candidiasis or candidal stomatitis. In most cases, thrush is observed in infants up to a month old or children early period life.

Among adults, the disease affects about 10-15% of men and women. Those at risk are pregnant women, nursing mothers, and people over 55-60 years old. The likelihood of developing pathology increases significantly when using removable dentures.

This is a disease caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Characterized by damage to the tongue, gums, pharynx, and mucous membrane.

Thrush is a conditionally infectious disease, as it is transmitted by airborne droplets or household contact.

That is, you can become infected through the air in close proximity to a patient (communication, sneeze, kiss, oral sex, Houseware). Manifestations are of an acute infectious-inflammatory nature.

Reasons for appearance

Yeast fungus lives in natural microflora each person. In itself, it is not the direct causative agent of the disease.

Active reproduction of the Candida colony usually occurs against the background of a bacterial imbalance provoked by internal or external factors.

Why thrush in the mouth may occur, the main reasons:

1. Hereditary predisposition, language anomalies.
2. Weak immunity.
3. Dysfunction endocrine system(diabetes mellitus type 2, thyroid pathologies)
4. Gastrointestinal diseases (dysbacteriosis, gastritis with increased acidity), blood diseases.
5. Immunodeficiency conditions (hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV).
6. Autoimmune pathologies (Sjogren's syndrome, dry mouth).
7. Hormonal imbalance, more often occurs during pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause.
8. Dental pathologies (periodontitis, caries), education, incorrectly installed orthodontic structures or fillings.
9. Injuries to the oral mucosa (scratches, punctures, microcracks).
10. Infection entering the body.
11. Chronic ENT diseases (asthma, pulmonary dysfunction), frequent colds, ARVI, tonsillitis, stomatitis.
12. Long-term drug therapy - after antibiotics, corticosteroids, cytostatic drugs, oral contraceptives.
13. Lack of B vitamins, nicotinic and ascorbic acid.
14. Violations nervous system- systematic overwork, insomnia, stress, breakdowns.
15. Consequences of radiation in cancer patients (chemotherapy).
16. Failure to comply with the rules of oral care, personal hygiene, treatment of removable dentures, sanitation (washing hands, dishes).
17. Addiction to bad habits(smoking, drinking, drugs).

Photo

You can see what thrush in the mouth looks like in this photo:

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease is manifested by a variety of symptoms. It depends on the cause, age of the patient, distribution and form of progression.

What are the signs by which oral thrush can be identified:

• itching and burning sensation in the mouth;
• loss taste qualities, the appearance of a metallic taste;
• formation of a white cheesy coating in the mouth;
• redness of the mucous membrane;
• edematous soft fabrics, inflamed mucous membrane;
• the appearance of shallow ulcers.

Forms of flow

Oral candidiasis is classified by type, stage of development and form of pathology.

• initial - the appearance of small reddish or burgundy inclusions with inside cheeks;
• medium - plaques increase in size, gradually merge, forming a plaque that can be easily removed with a scraper;
• severe - the inflammatory process covers the entire pharynx, the ulcers bleed, the functions of swallowing and eating are difficult.

By location:

• gingival - appears in newborns or when using removable dentures;
• oropharyngeal - penetrates the throat, more common after antibiotics;
• in the corners of the mouth - jams are formed when increased salivation, injury, anatomical features(deep folds).

According to the flow form:

• acute - pseudomembranous, atrophic;
• chronic - hyperplastic, atrophic.

Acute

Exists general symptoms acute oral candidiasis:

• the internal surfaces of the oral cavity are covered with plaques and a light gray coating;
• when removing the curdled film, bleeding ulcers are observed;
• bad breath;
• reaction to sour, spicy, salty;
• the appearance of pain, tingling;
• sensation of a lump and squeezing in the throat with deep spread (to the tonsils).

Pseudomembranous acute form differs in the following characteristics:

• discomfort when eating, loss of appetite, especially in children;
• sleep disorder;
• an increase in low-grade fever is possible.

Spicy atrophic candidiasis must be differentiated from an allergy to removable acrylic appliances (or spraying on dental replacement metal structures).

What does the patient complain about:

• severe hyperemia of the mucous membranes, signs of xerostomia;
• scrotal tongue, covered with folds (furrows) with a coating;
• the breath smells disgusting;
• atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue;
• fungal colonies penetrate deep folds, forming a single whole, which prevents the tongue from being cleared of plaque.

Chronic

Chronic oral candidiasis must be differentiated from lichen planus or leukoplakia.

Distinctive features hyperplastic form thrush:

• thick, firmly fixed coating of the palate and tongue with a yellowish coating;
• mucosal surfaces itch, burn, tingle;
• the appearance of spontaneous pain;
• attempts to remove plaque are practically ineffective and cause bleeding.

The atrophic form of candidiasis is more common in older people when using removable plastic plate devices.

Patient complaints:

• the coating is thin, but it is almost impossible to remove it;
• burning sensation and dry mouth;
• erosions and papillomas form on the mucous membrane, usually in areas under dentures;
• the corners of the mouth crack;
• the papillae of the tongue atrophy.

This type of thrush can be easily distinguished by the characteristic bumps in the corners of the mouth.

How to treat thrush in the mouth?

You cannot cure oral candidiasis on your own. First of all, you need to make an appointment with a dentist-therapist, who will refer you for a diagnostic examination.

Based on the doctor’s conclusion and the factor that provoked the fungal pathogen, a set of therapeutic measures is prescribed:

1. Treatment of chronic and accompanying pathologies or violations internal organs and systems (as the root cause of thrush).
2. Antimicrobial drug therapy.
3. Anti-inflammatory therapy - prescribing antibiotics, antihistamines and antiseptics(rinses, external rubbing).
4. Vitamin therapy to enhance immune and protective functions body.
5. Dosage adjustment or discontinuation of medications that contribute to or cause thrush.
6. Correction of orthodontic errors, treatment dental diseases(periodontal disease, caries, periodontitis).
7. Non-traditional treatment with folk remedies to reinforce the result.
8. Prescribing an individual diet to balance the diet.
9. The hygienist will provide consultation on oral care, the right choice and use of hygiene products.

Drug therapy

The doctor selects medications for oral thrush, doses and duration of treatment individually for each patient. Let's look at the most effective medications divided by categories.

Antifungal antibiotics:

Anti-inflammatory drugs:

Means for local treatment:

It is accepted to treat thrush in the mouth only in a complex of all possible methods, aimed at restoring the microflora of the oral cavity and the activity of the immune system.

The use of vitamins and minerals is extremely important. Ascorbic acid and a nicotinic acid, Pyridoxine, Thiamine, additives including group B, PP.

The price of drugs varies depending on the region.

Folk recipes

Folk remedies in combination with traditional methods make it possible to get rid of oral thrush much faster and significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Effective methods of home therapy:

• sage + chamomile + calendula - medicinal collection in the proportion of 1 tbsp. l. 200 ml of boiling water, keep on low heat for 15 minutes, cool, strain, rinse your mouth 3 times a day;
• natural Bee Honey- after removing plaque, periodically dissolve a spoonful of thick honey in your mouth to heal the mucous membrane;
• sea ​​buckthorn oil - lubricate the affected areas after hygiene or rinsing the mouth;
• soda solution - 1 tsp. sodium carbonate in half a glass of water, make mouth baths or wipe sores several times a day.

Diet

Poor nutrition is often the root cause of oral candidiasis. If you do not exclude foods that promote the proliferation of fungal colonies, they will become a serious obstacle to successful therapy.

What you need to avoid to speed up the healing process of the mucous membrane:

• sugar, sweets in any form;
• baking with yeast;
• smoked meats;
• dishes seasoned with spicy, salty, marinades;
• food should be warm, avoid hot.

To maintain the effect of remission and prevent relapses, the recommended duration of the diet after recovery is at least 1-2 months.

Prevention

Measures to prevent the development or occurrence of relapse include the following:

• strict adherence to the hygienist’s recommendations regarding the choice of products and rules of oral care;
• at the first sign of thrush, change all personal hygiene items to new ones;
• for the future - Toothbrush, lip cosmetics, utensils (fork, spoon, cup) must be strictly individual.