5 different people in houses. Einstein's riddle is a logic puzzle. Solving Einstein's riddle

The hunter unexpectedly came face to face with a bear in a vacant lot. Both got scared and ran in different directions: the hunter to the north, and the bear to the west. After running some distance, the hunter came to his senses, pointed the gun exactly to the South, shot and killed the bear.
What color was the bear?

This story took place at the North Pole. When the hunter fired, he must have been directly in the center of the North Pole. Is it more or less clear now? It will not be difficult to guess that the bear could have been exclusively WHITE. I've heard other solutions to this puzzle (even ones that say there are no bears at the North and South Poles), but the above explanation makes the most sense to me.

Neighbours

Some claim that this riddle was created by Einstein as a child, and that 98% of people will not be able to solve this problem.
There are 5 houses of different colors on the street. In every house there lives a person of a different nationality. Everyone has their own favorite drink, everyone prefers their own brand of cigarettes, and everyone has their own different pet.

1. An Englishman lives in a red house.
2. The Swede is holding a dog.
3. The Dane is drinking tea.
4. The green house is next to the white house, on the left.
5. The owner of a green house loves coffee.
6. The man who smokes Pall Mall is a bird raiser.
7. The owner of the yellow house prefers to smoke Dunhill.
8. The person living in the middle house drinks only milk.
9. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
10. The man who smokes Blends lives next door to the cat owner.
11. The horse's owner lives next door to the Dunhill smoker.
12. Anyone who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
13. The German prefers Prince cigarettes.
14. The Norwegian's house is next to the blue house.
15. One of the Blends smoker's neighbors drinks only water.

Who breeds fish?
Are you part of the 2% who can solve this problem?

And today I invite you to practice and try on the role of a detective by solving one problem, or to be more precise, this is Einstein’s riddle about 5 houses. They say that he came up with it when he was little and stated that only 2% of the planet's population could cope with it. In our time, it has changed a little, but still has not lost its complexity.

Task

The condition of the riddle is that you must find out which person has an aquarium with fish by carefully studying the data points of four more people who have different preferences in drinks, pets and the color scheme of their homes.

• A Japanese man lives in the first house.
• And the Frenchman is in red.
• The turquoise house is located slightly to the left of the blue one.
• The Spaniard loves to drink coffee.
• The person who prefers Davidoff lives next door to someone who has a lot of cats.
• A person living in a green house smokes Monte Carlo.
• And the Belgian Camel.
• The one who lives in the central house drinks yogurt.
• And the one who lives next to someone who smokes Davidoff drinks milk.
• The man who loves Parliament cigarettes breeds ferrets.
• An African man keeps miniature pinschers.
• A Japanese man lives next door to the purple house.
• And in the purple house there lives a man who loves mice.
• A man who loves Fanta smokes Rothmans.
• And the one who lives in a house whose walls are in turquoise tones loves beer.

Solution

So, now the solution itself. We have several accurate data that we can already record in the table.

Exact data

House color scheme

Red is not suitable for the Japanese; a Frenchman has settled there; purple is also not our option, because it is nearby. It's also not turquoise because there should be blue to the right of turquoise. Having excluded all options, it turns out that our Japanese is in the green house. Next, we find out that if the turquoise house is to the left of the blue one, then it means it is number 4 or 3. The one who is in the central house likes yogurt, and the one in the turquoise one loves beer. It turns out that the beer drinker is number 4, and the color blue is in cell 5. Red remains, it will be at number 3, and we also know that a Frenchman lives there.

The task is becoming more and more interesting, isn't it?

2nd stage

Now we are trying to find out what the Belgian prefers to drink. A Fanta drinker likes Rothmans, and a Belgian smokes Camel, so Fanta is not an option. The French drink yoghurt, and the Spaniard drinks coffee. What remains is either milk or beer. The Japanese also don't drink Fanta because he doesn't smoke Rothmans, and he also doesn't drink yoghurt because we know that's the prerogative of the French. Beer is consumed by the resident of the turquoise house, and coffee is consumed by the Spaniard. It turns out that the Japanese drink is milk, and the Belgian drink is beer. Next to the one who loves milk, there lives a person who smokes Davidoff, and next to the Japanese there is only number 2.

Stage 3, final

We know that in the 2nd house they keep mice, and the African takes care of miniature pinschers, which means this is not his home. That leaves number 5. The one who smokes Parlament breeds ferrets, we know that the African has pinschers, so it turns out that he is French. There are still Rothmans cigarettes left, and they belong to an African, just like the love for Fanta.

Anyone who smokes Davidoff lives next to a cat connoisseur, that is, either 3 or 1 house. But we know that there is a Frenchman in the 3rd house, and he keeps ferrets, which means the Japanese have cats. The only nationality we have left is Spaniard, and we put him in the second cell. We also know that he really loves coffee.

Einstein's Riddle is a famous logical problem attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without this, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the exclusion of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject."

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors, smoking 5 different brands of cigarettes, raising 5 different types of animals, drinking 5 different types of drinks.

Question: who raises the fish?

Tips:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• The Englishman lives in a red house.
• The green house is located to the left of the white one.
• The Dane drinks tea.
• The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
• raises cats.
• The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
• The German smokes Marlboro.
• The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
• Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
• The Swede raises dogs.
• Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
• They drink coffee in the green house.

The solution of the problem

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

• Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
• House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
• Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
• Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
• Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
• The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
• The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since there is a white house to the right of the green one, and a blue one to the right of the Norwegian. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Further, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, it means that its number is either 3 or 4. However, in the third, middle, house they drink milk, and in the green house they drink coffee - which means the number of the green house = 4. This means that we have a white house goes at number 5, and red goes at number 3. An Englishman lives here. They drink coffee in the 4th house.

Further, since a German smokes Marlboro, he does not smoke Philip Morris, and therefore does not drink beer. He also does not drink the milk that an Englishman drinks. He doesn’t drink tea either—that’s what the Dane does. This means that a German drinks either water or coffee. A Norwegian cannot drink beer (he smokes other cigarettes), milk (he is not an Englishman), coffee (he does not live in a green house), tea (he is not a Dane). So the Norwegian drinks water, and then the German drinks coffee, and lives in a green house. Plus, don’t forget that the German smokes Marlboro. And since a Norwegian drinks our water, his neighbor (second home) smokes Rothmans.

Since a Swede raises dogs here, he cannot live in the second house (they raise horses there), which means he lives in the fifth house (white). So in the second house there lives a Dane who drinks tea.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue:

• Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.

Rothmans smokes a Dane who lives in the second house. To his right lives an Englishman who raises birds, which means that the Dane’s second neighbor (on the left), a Norwegian, raises these cats. And then the fish are raised by a German. The answer has been found.

ANSWER: The fish are raised by a German!

Thinking is one of the most important cognitive processes, without which the normal functioning of the human brain is impossible. There are several types of thinking. One of them is logical thinking.

Every person has logical thinking, but some have it well developed, while others not so much. There are many techniques for developing logical thinking. This includes all kinds of problems in which certain logical connections are given, and a person, analyzing them, must find a solution. One of the famous logic problems is Einstein's riddle. Let's look at what this problem is and how to solve it.

What is Einstein's riddle?

It is believed that this riddle was invented by the famous physicist Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is an opinion according to which Einstein argued that only 2% of the planet's population can solve this problem mentally. The remaining 98% of people are unable to analyze several logical patterns simultaneously without using paper and pencil. True, there is no written evidence that the famous physicist actually claimed something similar, but this does not make Einstein’s problem any less interesting.

Anyone who wants to test their thinking skills should try solving this puzzle. It should be noted that it is quite difficult to do this in your head, so it is better to write down the solution on paper. So let's get started.

How to solve Einstein's riddle?

To solve Einstein's riddle you will need a piece of paper and a pencil or pen. During the solution, you will need to draw several tables and fill them with data.

The task:

Five people live in 5 houses of different colors, raise different animals, smoke different brands of cigarettes and drink different drinks. Question: Which of these five breeds aquarium fish?

• An American lives in the first house.
• The Chinese man is in a red house.
• The brown house is located further to the left than the gray one.
• The Italian loves to drink tea.
• A person who prefers Camel cigarettes lives next door to someone who breeds nutria.
• A man living in an orange house smokes President cigarettes.
• The Austrian loves Lucky Strike cigarettes.
• A person living in the central house drinks kefir.
• A person living next to someone who smokes Camel drinks juice.
• A man who smokes Chesterfield cigarettes raises chickens.
• Finn breeds cows.
• An American lives next door to the blue house.
• A man lives in a blue house who breeds zebras.
• A man who loves whiskey smokes Parliament cigarettes.
• A person living in a brown house loves Coca-Cola.

The solution of the problem :

1. Based on the conditions of the problem, the following data can be distinguished: – Nationality: American, Chinese, Italian, Austrian, Finnish. - Color Houses: red, blue, brown, orange, gray.

   - Cigarettes: Camel, Lucky Strike, President, Chesterfield, Parliament.

   - Beverages: kefir, juice, Coca-Cola, whiskey, tea.

   - Animals: nutria, chickens, cows, zebras, fish.

2. Let's draw a table:
3. We enter the available data into the table: - An American lives in the first house. - A man who breeds zebras lives in a blue house.

   – An American lives next door to a blue house.

   – A person living in the central house drinks kefir.
   

4. We calculate in which house the American lives. He can’t live in red because it’s Chinese. He also cannot live in blue, since blue is next door. The brown house cannot belong to him either, since to the right of the brown house there is a gray one, and to the right of the American there is a blue one. The brown house is located to the left of the gray one, and the house in which the American lives is the farthest one, which means he cannot live in the gray house. Thus, it turns out that the American lives in an orange house and loves President cigarettes.
   
5. Since the brown house is located to the left of the gray one, it will have No. 3 or No. 4. The person living in house No. 3 drinks kefir, and the person living in the brown house drinks Coca-Cola. It turns out that the brown house has No. 4. It follows that the gray house has No. 5, and the red one has No. 3. A Chinese man lives in the red house. In house number 4 they drink Coca-Cola.
   
6. Let's figure out what kind of drink an Austrian drinks. Anyone who smokes Parliament drinks whiskey. The Austrian smokes Lucky Strike, so it's not him. The Chinese drink kefir, and the Italian drinks tea. It turns out that the Austrian's drink is juice or Coca-Cola. An American cannot be a whiskey drinker because he does not smoke Parliament. An American also cannot drink kefir (this is a Chinese drink), Coca-Cola is drunk by someone who lives in a brown house (and this is not an American), tea is also drunk not by an American, but by an Italian. It turns out that the American drinks juice. So, the Austrian's drink is Coca-Cola. In addition, the Austrian smokes Lucky Strike cigarettes. And since the American drinks juice, his neighbor from house No. 2 smokes Camel.
   
7. In house number 2, zebras are bred. Finn raises cows, therefore he cannot live in house No. 2. It turns out that Finn lives in house No. 5, which is gray. Then an Italian (tea lover) lives in house No. 2.
   
8. The person who prefers Chesterfield cigarettes is a chicken breeder. It turns out that this is not a Finn, but a Chinese. Then it turns out that the Finn prefers whiskey and Parliament cigarettes.
   
9. A person who prefers Camel cigarettes lives next to a person who breeds nutria. Camel cigarettes are preferred by the Italian who lives in house No. 2. The Chinese who breeds chickens lives to his right. It turns out that the Italian’s neighbor on the left is breeding nutria (he’s an American).

Now we can answer the question posed: who raises the fish? Answer: The fish are raised by an Austrian.

Such entertaining puzzles and logic tasks allow you not only to have fun while searching for a solution, but also to train your thinking.

Einstein's square problem

There are also several problems attributed to Einstein, although this is questionable due to their simplicity compared to the previous problem.

How many squares do you see in the picture?

Squares 1:1 – 16 pcs.
Squares 2:2 – 9 pcs.
Squares 3:3 – 4 pcs.
Squares 4:4 – 1 pc.
Total: 30 pieces

Riddle about triangles

How many triangles do you see?

The answer is 7.

This article presents two riddles of the great Einstein (with hints and ANSWERS). If you can't cope with one, try another!

For decades now, the strongest minds of humanity (as well as those who claim to be simply smart people) have been challenging these difficult mysteries. And not by chance. Everyone wants to beat their creator!

The name of the famous American scientist Albert Einstein is known to both adults and many children. Surely you've heard "smart as Einstein"? This scientist, who made discoveries in science and wrote a huge number of articles in various scientific fields, is known throughout the world. But not everyone knows that little Albert was not the best student in his class, but he surprised his teachers with his unusual thinking.

Being a person of non-standard mental abilities, one day a scientist came up with an interesting logical problem. Was it compiled at a time when no one in the world knew who Albert Einstein was? The puzzle is called Einstein's riddle.

From the history of occurrence

Scientists debate whether Einstein himself actually came up with the riddle, and at what age this happened. Some are sure that this is the work of little Albert. Others say that this was a special test to select an assistant for their team. The candidate should be able to solve various puzzles with ease. Someone claims that this could have been invented by the English writer Lewis Carroll, the author of adventures in Wonderland and through the looking glass of the famous Alice and a lover of mental gymnastics. True, the brand of cigarettes mentioned in the problem was not yet produced during Carroll’s life or during the scientist’s childhood.

Einstein about his riddle

The author admitted that only 2% of people can cope with a task in which they have to keep their attention on five different objects simultaneously, analyze information and draw conclusions. An important condition of the test is the oral solution of the riddle. If you write everything down, it’s easy to find the correct answer. Only in this case you won’t have to talk about mathematical abilities.

Einstein's mystery as it is first saw the light of day on the pages of the December 1962 issue of the English magazine Life International. The inquisitive reader was able to find out the answer from the March 1963 issue.

Einstein's riddle #1

1. On one street there are five houses, differing in color.
2. An English citizen settled in the red house.
3. There is a dog living in the Spaniard's house.
4. The resident of the green house loves coffee.
5. A man from Ukraine loves tea very much.
6. The green house is to the right of the white one.
7. Old Gold cigarettes are popular with those who breed snails.
8. In the yellow house it is customary to smoke Kool cigarettes.
9. Milk is always delivered to the house, located in the very center.
10. A visitor from Norway lives in house No. 1.
11. Next to the neighbor who smokes Chesterfield, there lives the one who takes care of the fox.
12. Next to the house where there is a horse, there is a Kool cigarette lover.
13. Anyone who regularly buys Lucky Strike often drinks orange juice.
14. The Japanese resident of the block prefers to smoke Parliament.
15. The Norwegian's house is next to the blue one.

You want to know: who loves water and who takes care of the zebra?

So, the general picture of the problem is that multi-colored buildings are inhabited by inhabitants - representatives of different nations, keeping animals of different species. Each of them smokes their favorite cigarettes and drinks only their favorite drink. It is worth considering that when it comes to the location of the house on the right, it is considered to the right of the reader. Are the buildings in a row and what else can you say about someone who drinks water and holds a zebra?

Solution steps

Reflecting on general information and noting individual important details for yourself, it is necessary to collect everything important about each of the residents, discarding inappropriate options. Attention! Try to solve Einstein's riddle yourself without the help of hints. Only when you really start to give up, it makes sense to gradually start reading OBSERVATIONS and TIPS

To make it easier to handle facts, let’s assign them the numbers under which they appear in the condition.

Observation 1: Point 10 states that the Norwegian’s house is number 1. In which direction the buildings are numbered does not matter, only the order itself is important.

Observation 2: Points 10 and 15 make it clear that the blue house is at number 2.

Observation 3: House No. 1 is neither white nor green. Houses of these colors should be located nearby, taking into account point 6.

Observation 4: House No. 1 cannot be red, because an Englishman lived in red.

Conclusion 1: House No. 1 is painted yellow.

Conclusion 2: Its inhabitant loves Kool cigarettes (8).

Conclusion 3: The owner of house No. 2 keeps a horse (12).

Conclusion 4: A Norwegian living in a yellow house smokes Kool, doesn't like tea (5), doesn't like coffee (6), doesn't buy milk (9) and is indifferent to orange juice (13). This means that he is the one who will prefer water to other drinks.

Observation 5: What does the horse owner from blue house No. 2 smoke? These are definitely not “Kool” cigarettes, which are loved in house No. 1.

Observation 6: “Old Gold” – cigarettes for the snail owner (7).

Observation 7: If the inhabitant of the blue house smoked Lucky Strike, he would also drink orange juice (13). This person cannot be English (2), Norwegian (10), Spanish (3), Ukrainian (5), or Japanese (14). This situation is not correct. It turns out that this is definitely not “Lucky Strike”.

Observation 8: If people smoked Parliament cigarettes in blue house No. 2, it could be argued that a Japanese person lived there (14). Consequently, this person does not tolerate tea (5), coffee (6), milk (9), or orange juice (13). This version does not correspond to reality, that is, the option with Parliament cigarettes is not suitable.

Conclusion 5: “Chesterfield” is the choice of the resident of blue house No. 2.

Observation 9: What is the nationality of the owner of the blue house horse who prefers Chesterfield? Based on the conditions of the puzzle, this is not English (2), not Norwegian (10), not Spanish (3) or Japanese (14).

Conclusion 6: The resident of blue house No. 2, who buys Chesterfield, drinks tea (5) and is a native of Ukraine.

Observation 10: Taking into account the fact that “Chesterfield” is bought by a resident of the blue house, item 11 will be a clue to the location of the fox: is it house No. 1 or house No. 3.

Observation 11: Suppose the owner of house No. 3 keeps the fox. What should someone who deals in snails and buys Old Gold drink? We already know that a Ukrainian will prefer tea, and a Norwegian will prefer water. Juice is not suitable for the snail lord (13), neither is milk (9).

Observation 13: The green house is home to a coffee lover (4), who loves to smoke Old Gold and take care of snails.

Observation 13: If the fox is kept in house No. 3, then in the green house we will not see an Englishman (2), a Spaniard (3), a Ukrainian (5), a Japanese (14) or a Norwegian (10). A lover of smoking Old Gold and caring for snails should live in it. This is out of the question.

Conclusion 7: The fox is in house number 1

Observation 14: It becomes clear that coffee and orange juice are loved in houses No. 4 and No. 5. An Old Gold lover caring for snails cannot live where they drink the juice. “Lucky Strike” – cigarettes for drinking orange juice (13). It turns out that the snail-eater, smoking Old Gold and drinking coffee, chose a green house to live in (4), but this is not true.

Conclusion 8: The one who lives with snails under the same roof and loves Old Gold cigarettes is a resident of house No. 3.

Taking into account the established facts, we calculate that:

Observation 15: In the green house lives a coffee lover who buys Parliament, and this is none other than the Japanese (14).

Observation 16: The guy with the dog and the Lucky Strike cigarette loves orange juice, because his homeland is Spain.

Observation 17: Red house No. 3 is chosen by the Englishman.

Observation 18: The house in which the Spaniard settled is painted white.

ANSWER TO EINSTEIN'S RIDDLE: Japanese is the owner of a zebra.

In front of you solution to Einstein's riddle. It was made taking into account the location of house No. 1 on the left edge. Even if we assume that the house is on the right edge, the answer will remain the same. Armed with a pen and notepad, finding a solution to a puzzle is not that difficult. Another thing is to try to approach him verbally. What if you try your hand and test yourself by trying to go through the solution paths yourself in your mind?

And to really test yourself, you can use the second version of Einstein’s riddle, without any hints!

Einstein's riddle #2

On the street, in houses of different colors lined up in a row, people from different parts of the world live. Each of them has their own favorite cigarettes, drinks and pets.

1. A gentleman from Norway occupied house No. 1.
2. The owner of the red house is a visitor from England.
3. Near it there is a green building, to the left of which is a white one.
4. Tea is the Dane's favorite drink.
5. The cat caretaker lives next door to the Marlboro smoker.
6. The tenant of the yellow house buys Dunhill cigarettes.
7. "Rothmans" are the German's favorite cigarettes.
8. They drink milk in the building located in the very center.
9. A water drinker lives next to a Marlboro smoker.
10. The one who prefers Pall Mall keeps birds.
11. Dogs are the favorite pets of the gentleman from Sweden.
12. Next to the Norwegian's house there is a blue house.
13. The blue house is inhabited by a horse lover.
14. Anyone who often buys Winfield cigarettes cannot do without beer.
15. The inhabitant of the green house is a coffee lover.

You want to know: who loves and keeps fish at home?

Is there a smart guy who can give an answer by making a decision in his head, and whom Einstein himself would take as his assistant?