Diseases caused by a lack of hormones. Endocrine system disruption. Causes and symptoms of endocrine system diseases

In the female body, in addition to many others, two sex hormones are produced: progesterone and estrogen. When their amount in the blood is in balance, then women Health in order.

But if production female hormone progesterone decreases, and the production of the male hormone estrogen increases accordingly. This fact has a destructive effect on all functions of the body. This can manifest itself not only in excess weight and bad skin, but also in the development of serious diseases.

Hormonal imbalance can most often occur as a result of physiological processes in the female body:

• puberty;
• menopause;
• pregnancy;
• childbirth;
• abortion.

But there are other factors in the development of hormone imbalance.

Causes of hormonal imbalance

1. Diseases of the reproductive organs. If the ovaries do not produce enough progesterone, this leads not only to infertility, but also to disruption of all functions.
2. Diets, irregular meals, lack of nutrients. If the female body does not receive enough vitamins and minerals, this has a destructive effect on all functions. This can happen due to poor nutrition and strict diets. Instead of the desired weight loss, a woman may gain excess weight due to impaired metabolism.
3. Heredity. Imperfection hormonal system may be congenital. In this case, you need to contact a specialist and begin serious treatment.
4. Excess weight. Excess subcutaneous tissue provokes metabolic disorders.
5. Frequent colds and chronic diseases. Infectious diseases suffered in childhood can affect the life of an adult girl with metabolic disorders. This item includes not only acute respiratory infections, but also serious venereal diseases: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia.
6. Heavy physical activity. If a woman is involved in strength sports or works hard physical labor, then all this negatively affects the hormonal background. If at the same time a woman is also malnourished, her periods may stop and serious illnesses may develop.
7. Endocrine system disorders: diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas.
8. Stress and nervous tension. At frequent stress the work of the central nervous system, which controls all functions, including hormonal ones.
9. Operations and complications after surgery.
10. Reception hormonal drugs. Long-term use contraceptives may interfere with the natural production of hormones. Such drugs are found not only in birth control pills, but also in other medications. You should carefully study the instructions and consult your doctor.
11. Wrong lifestyle. This includes: irregular daily routine, lack of sleep (less than 8 hours), chronic fatigue, lack of fresh air, drinking alcohol and smoking.

How to recognize this serious illness in order to begin treatment on time?

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women

Characteristic signs in women:

1. Menstrual irregularities. These may be delays for a long period or a sharp change in the amount of discharge.
2. Weight gain. If a woman does not radically change her diet, but at the same time begins to rapidly gain weight, then the alarm should be sounded.
3. Mood swings. Irritability, tearfulness, causeless aggression, anger, depression are signs of hormonal imbalance.
4. Decreased libido. If a girl loses interest in sex life, this is serious reason think about your hormonal levels.
5. Headaches, migraines.
6. Chronic fatigue: fatigue, as well as sleep disturbance.
7. Hair loss, brittle nails and problematic skin. Intense hair loss can be caused not only by stress and poor nutrition, but also by hormonal imbalance. Acne and oily skin are usually common among teenagers. During this period, the formation of the hormonal system occurs, which manifests itself in minor imperfections on the face.
8. Other individual symptoms: early aging, tumors in the chest, diseases of the genital organs. If a woman has discovered at least 2-3 of the symptoms listed above, then she should contact a gynecologist and endocrinologist for a detailed examination of her health.

Critical periods of the female body

As already noted, hormone imbalance can most often occur during certain periods. To prevent this phenomenon and minimize its manifestation, it is necessary to take a closer look at each period in a woman’s life.

Hormonal imbalance in teenage girls

For the first time, a woman encounters a similar disorder during puberty. Usually this is 11-14 years old. At this time, the girl “turns” into a girl. Her mammary glands begin to form and her first menstruation begins.

During this period, hormonal disruption may occur in girls. This may manifest itself in premature ripening or vice versa – delayed sexual formation.

If puberty is delayed, menstruation may occur at 15-16 years of age. The reason for this may be poor nutrition, stress, and frequent infectious diseases.

The main “side factor” accompanying hormonal imbalance in adolescence- these are eels. If the girl is generally healthy, then acne can be quickly cured in a beauty salon using drying masks, liquid nitrogen and other procedures.

But if irritability, aggressiveness, lack of sleep and disturbance are added to problem skin menstrual cycle, then this is a serious reason to take your child to the doctor.

In a healthy teenager, minor manifestations of hormonal imbalance can be adjusted with a proper daily routine, a balanced diet, good sleep, taking vitamin complexes.

At this age, parents should be attentive to their daughter. Very often, girls need a warm family environment, close communication with their mother, and understanding. You should be patient and become your child's best friend. A warm attitude towards your daughter will be rewarded many times over. After all, happy is the person who was able to raise good and worthy children!

Hormonal imbalance after childbirth

Pregnancy and childbirth are the most important period in a woman's life. At this time, she secretes many different hormones. If a girl did not have before pregnancy serious illnesses and led a correct lifestyle, then after giving birth she recovers very quickly without side effects within 2-3 months.

However, childbirth and pregnancy can often disrupt the functioning of various systems. Childbirth is a great stress for the body and the endocrine system “suffers” the most from this.

Symptoms of hormone imbalance include:

• unstable mental background;
• weight gain;
• pressure surges;
• decreased libido;
• problems with lactation.

If the recovery period drags on for more than six months, you should contact an endocrinologist. The doctor must order tests and then prescribe the appropriate medications.

Gaining weight after pregnancy is normal. With a healthy lifestyle, your weight will return to normal very quickly. You can lose weight during hormonal imbalance with the help of fitness and proper diet. Sports and diet can be started no earlier than 6 months after giving birth. After all, intense exercise and dietary restrictions can have a destructive effect on milk production.

You need to lose weight after childbirth only in consultation with a doctor, so as not to harm either yourself or the baby!

Hormonal imbalance after abortion

In the vast majority of cases, after an abortion, a woman experiences a hormonal imbalance. This can be explained this way: for the development of the fetus, various hormones begin to be actively released into the woman’s blood, ensuring the vital functions of both the unborn baby and the mother. But an abrupt end to this physiological process causes disruption in the hormonal system.

This is manifested by the following symptoms:

• sudden weight gain;
• hypertension;
• sweating;
• hair loss;
• problems with skin, nails;
• frequent headaches, depression, nervous breakdowns.

Abortion is always a threat to women's health. The sooner it is done, the fewer negative consequences. If the surgical intervention went well, then after a month the woman will have her period again and she has a chance to become a mother again. Unfortunately, in many cases, after an abortion, you have to recover for a long time, taking hormonal medications.

Abortion is especially dangerous for girls who have not given birth. It threatens the most terrible consequence for a woman - infertility.

Menopause – attenuation of reproductive function

Attenuation reproductive function begins after 45 years. Menstruation becomes irregular and all sexual functions gradually fade away.

In most cases, menopause is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms:

• disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• insomnia;
• sweating;
• mood swings;
• pressure surges;
• headaches and migraines.

All these symptoms indicate insufficient estrogen production. You can reduce the manifestations of all the “delights” of menopause with a healthy diet, good rest, good psychological atmosphere. IN difficult cases Hormonal imbalance has to be treated with special medications. All this must be prescribed by a doctor and the medicine prescribed, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient.

How to restore hormonal imbalance

When starting treatment, it is necessary to identify the cause of the hormone imbalance. To do this, the doctor prescribes blood tests to determine the amount produced by the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and ovaries.

After receiving the results, treatment is carried out with drugs that contain natural and artificial hormones:

• Mastodion;
• Cyclodinone;
• Klimaktoplan;
• Yarina;
• Regulon;
• Novinet;
• Lindineth.

In addition, the doctor may prescribe antipsychotics, homeopathic medications and vitamin complexes.

What to do in case of hormonal imbalance? If the failure of hormones is accompanied by an increase in body weight, then it is imperative to carry out work in the appropriate direction. It is necessary to reconsider your diet and, under the supervision of a doctor, begin to eat properly. Physical exercise– the most important part of weight normalization. Thus, everything in combination: medications, diet and sports will give good long-term results.

Diet for hormonal imbalance

Hormone imbalance is often accompanied by weight gain. This may be due to the following reasons:

• increased appetite;
• metabolic disease;
• fluid retention in tissues.

Nutrition for hormonal imbalance should include a variety of fresh and quality products. The diet must include:

• vegetables, fruits, herbs;
• fish;
• poultry and beef;
• cereals;
• honey, nuts, dried fruits.

Plant foods containing fiber should be 50% daily diet. You should definitely reduce sweet, spicy, smoked, salty foods that retain fluid in the cells.

Should get rid of bad habits: smoking, as well as alcohol. Alcoholic drinks contain a large number of calories and also have a destructive effect on a woman’s hormonal levels.

To always be at a good weight, you need to follow simple rules:

1. Eat small portions 5-6 times a day.
2. Once a week, have a fasting day - drink kefir and eat apples.
3. It is necessary to weigh yourself regularly and monitor your “ideal” weight.
4. Drink at least 2-3 liters of water per day every day.
5. Do any kind of sport: fitness, tennis, morning jogging, exercise equipment.

Physical exercise not only burns calories, but also gives a boost of positive energy.

Is it possible to get pregnant with hormonal imbalance?

A woman's reproductive functions may be impaired, which can lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility. If she cannot get pregnant, the doctor usually prescribes a diagnosis:

• thyroid examination;
• ovarian testing;
• donating blood for hormone tests.

After receiving the results, the doctor prescribes one of the treatment methods:

• hormonal drugs;
• treatment of sexually transmitted infections;
• a diet based on a balanced diet;
• surgical intervention.

Thus, pregnancy due to hormonal imbalance is possible if timely treatment is started.

Treatment of hormonal imbalance in women with folk remedies is possible with the help of medicinal herbs that contain natural phytohormones. These include:

• sage;
• linseed oil;
• hog uterus;
• valerian root;
• mint;
• oregano;
• sagebrush.

Taking herbal infusions containing hormones has advantages over artificial hormonal medications that have side effects.

Herbal decoctions should be taken according to a clear schedule, taking into account the individual tolerance of the body. Herbal medicine should be carried out after consultation with a doctor so as not to harm the body.

Prevention for women:

1. The development of hormonal imbalance can very often occur for no apparent reason. Therefore, in order to recognize the “first signs”, it is necessary to undergo regular medical checkup and take appropriate tests.
2. Lead a healthy lifestyle: eat well, sleep enough time, walk more and do not exhaust yourself with heavy physical activity.
3. At the first symptoms, you need to consult a doctor and start treatment.

Untimely treatment of hormone imbalance can lead to the following consequences:

• obesity;
• infertility;
• breast cancer, cervical cancer;
• excessive growth of body hair;
• tooth loss and early aging.

Hormonal imbalance is, first of all, a lack of self-love, as well as insufficient attention to one’s body. If you prevent the first symptoms of the disease in time, and also lead a healthy lifestyle, then the production of hormones will very quickly return to normal.

Diseases endocrine system may be caused for various reasons. The loss of any link from a single chain of all body functions can lead to very serious consequences. Most often, hormonal imbalances become the main cause of diseases of the female reproductive system. Diagnosis and treatment of these pathological conditions deals with the corresponding branch of medicine - gynecological endocrinology.

Main causes of endocrine gynecological diseases

First of all, endocrine disorders in the functioning reproductive system may be congenital or genetically determined. Infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can lead to hormonal imbalance. Frequent sore throats and acute respiratory infections, especially those suffered in childhood, also cause hormonal problems. Weakened by constant illness, stress, poor nutrition and overwork, the immune system first of all “hits” the reproductive system of the female body.

From the point of view of the development of hormonally caused diseases of the female reproductive system, surgical operations in the genital area and the peritoneum as a whole are very dangerous. One of the most common causes of such diseases is abortion associated with uterine curettage. Despite the fact that these diseases are different in their manifestations, their main symptoms are the same: menstrual cycle disorders, dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by these disorders and, as a result, infertility.

Diagnosis of hormonally caused diseases of the female reproductive system includes a complex of various methods - ultrasound, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, etc. Treatment in case of insufficient activity of the gland involves the use of hormone therapy. At excessive activity glands pathological tissue removed surgically.

It is easier to prevent any disease than to cure it later. Therefore, the general recommendation that all gynecologist-endocrinologists give to women is to undergo preventive examinations at least twice a year and immediately contact a specialist if even the most minor deviations from the norm appear.

Endocrine gland dysfunction

A healthy body is, first of all, strict hormonal balance, without frills and shortcomings. Disturbances in this balance manifest themselves in different ways.

Lack of the hormone in the body can be caused by hypofunction of the endocrine glands, neoplasms, infections, injuries, heart attacks, autoimmune processes. The factor of heredity is of great importance.

Excess hormone occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive, due to the production of hormones by other tissues (usually during malignant degeneration), when the production of the hormone by tissues from its predecessor increases. Sometimes an excess of the hormone is observed during hormonal therapy.

The synthesis of abnormal hormones by endocrine glands is observed in congenital genetic anomalies.

Sometimes the body's tissues do not respond properly to normal or increased amounts of the hormone in the blood. In this case, they speak of tissue resistance (immunity) to the hormone. Among the main causes of this pathology are heredity, defects in tissue receptors and the appearance of antibodies to hormones.

Symptoms of such diseases: changes in weight, appetite, body temperature, blood pressure, appearance, sexual desire. In addition, endocrinological patients are characterized by sudden mood swings, fatigue, drowsiness or insomnia; constant thirst, feeling of heat or chills, itchy skin; frequent urge to urination, gastrointestinal disorders or constipation. Some patients experience trembling (tremor) of the fingers and excessive sweating.

There are diseases that affect many people at once endocrine organs. This makes the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases even more difficult.

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstruation in women over the age of 18, or the cessation of previously former menstruation, is called pathological amenorrhea. Unlike physiological amenorrhea, which is observed during pregnancy, lactation and menopause, pathological amenorrhea is a symptom of a number of functional or organic diseases. Primary amenorrhea is called complete absence monthly bleeding, if there was none before. Secondary – cessation of previous menstruation for a period of more than three months.

Amenorrhea can be caused by various reasons: infectious, tumor processes, chromosomal abnormalities, malformations of the genital organs, intoxication, traumatic brain injuries and other factors. If damaging conditions manifest themselves in embryonic, childhood or puberty, amenorrhea is most often primary. In cases of less severe injuries or functional disorders secondary amenorrhea develops. Sometimes periods of absence of menstruation may be followed by the appearance of menstrual bleeding. It is even possible to become pregnant, but already at the age of 30–35 years, hypomenstrual syndrome and premature menopause develop.

In 40–50% of all cases of amenorrhea, the ovarian form of the disease occurs. It is based on the complete or partial absence of hormonal activity of the ovaries. The clinical picture depends on the time of onset and severity of ovarian failure. The uterine form of amenorrhea is somewhat less common. It is characterized by the absence of menstruation with a properly formed uterus and normal ovarian function. The cause of the disease is damage to the endometrium.

In cases of diseases of the adrenal cortex, virilization (the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics in women) can be observed. Amenorrhea is one of the symptoms of this disease. In addition to amenorrhea, virilization is accompanied by hirsutism (appearance of hair in places atypical for women), defeminization (atrophy mammary glands) and masculinization of the genitals (clitoral hypertrophy). This disease was named adrenogenital syndrome. It develops due to hyperplasia or tumors of the adrenal cortex.

Amenorrhea can also be caused by hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism).

In addition to physiologically caused amenorrhea, there is psychogenic amenorrhea. The disease occurs immediately or some time after mental trauma in women with an unstable nervous system. The cause of this form of amenorrhea is considered to be blockade of LH-releasing secretion. The secretion of FSH is less disrupted, however, due to the absence of LH, estrogen production is reduced. Pregnanediol is released in very small quantities. Obesity does not occur.

Another type of psychogenic amenorrhea is amenorrhea with false pregnancy, which sometimes occurs in women suffering from infertility and passionately wanting to get pregnant, or in women who are terrified of pregnancy. This disease is accompanied by excessive production of LH-gonadotropin and secondary persistence of the corpus luteum. A softened uterus and enlarged adnexa may simulate an intrauterine or ectopic pregnancy, but the biological reactions are negative. Excretion of pregnanediol is sharply increased.

Treatment of amenorrhea is carried out depending on its causes.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

In the second chapter of the book, the topic of uterine bleeding was already touched upon. Here we will look in more detail at dysfunctional uterine bleeding, that is, those that are the result of a violation various functions the body and disruptions in the rhythmic production of pituitary-ovarian hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.

They can appear at any age and vary widely in strength, duration and frequency. Dysfunctional bleeding is also called acyclic, that is, the menstrual cycle in these cases is not observed and does not go through all its phases. In the future, amenorrhea almost always develops.

Most often, such bleeding is a consequence of ovarian dysfunction as a result of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases(sepsis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, influenza, etc.). The causes of dysfunctional bleeding can be brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries and their consequences, and mental trauma. The influence of climatic and seasonal conditions, vitamin deficiencies, harmful chemicals, radiation, vibration and other external influences has also been established. Bleeding can also occur as a result of dysfunction of the endocrine glands - with diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, diseases of the adrenal glands, etc. Age-related restructuring of the body is also important, as evidenced by the increased incidence of this pathology during periods of formation and decline of sexual function.

With ovarian dysfunction during childbearing age, the content of estrogen in the body is increased. This is a risk factor for the development of diseases such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, malignant tumors of the mammary glands, and mastopathy. With these diseases, uterine bleeding is usually cyclical, that is, it occurs on the days of menstruation, but is accompanied by increased blood loss.

Sometimes bleeding can be a symptom malignant tumor. With prolonged bleeding, vital organs (brain, heart) are damaged and irreversible changes occur in the body, so such conditions always require urgent medical attention.

Treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in menopause fundamentally different from that during childbearing age. If during puberty, with menstrual irregularities, women are prescribed drugs that help restore the correct cyclic activity of the ovaries, then at the age of over 45 years, the likelihood of normalization of the hormonal activity of the ovaries under the influence of treatment decreases. Impaired follicle maturation leads to endometrial hyperplasia and an increase in the size of the uterus. Usually there is a delay in menstruation, followed by prolonged bleeding, lasting several weeks or even months. Therefore, in such patients, therapeutic measures should be aimed mainly at suppressing hormonal function gonads and promote endometrial atrophy. For this purpose, hormonal drugs are used, as well as symptomatic drugs that enhance the contractile activity of the uterus and increase blood clotting. In case of severe bleeding, treatment begins with curettage of the uterus.

The following recipes for herbal infusions cannot be considered an independent method of treating uterine bleeding. They can only be used as an additional means.

Infusions to stop uterine bleeding

1. Oak bark – 20 g, wild strawberry leaves – 20 g, cinquefoil herb – 20 g, raspberry leaves – 20 g, yarrow herb – 20 g. Pour a tablespoon of this mixture into a glass of water, leave for 4-5 hours, bring to boil and cook for 5–7 minutes. Cool and strain. Drink 1 glass per day for 5–8 days.

2. For debilitating uterine bleeding in the premenopausal period, the herb of shepherd's purse will help. Brew 40 g of herb in a liter of boiling water and take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.

3. This infusion helps on the first day, subject to bed rest. After harvesting the cucumbers, the cucumber vines are collected, dried, crushed, and in case of bleeding, a decoction is prepared from them. To do this, you need to take 50 g of raw material and bring it to a boil in 0.5 liters of water. Then leave in a thermos for an hour. Take 0.5 cups 3 times a day.

4. Yarrow (leaves and flowers) – 25 g, nettle (leaves only) – 25 g. Brew 1 tbsp. a spoonful of well-chopped and mixed herbs in a glass of boiling water, leave in a thermos for 1.5–2 hours. Take 100 g 3 times a day an hour before meals.

Hormone-producing tumors

Ovarian tumors are distinguished by a wide variety of their structure. Some tumors that have the same structure cause different symptoms of the disease, and, conversely, different tumors often give the same clinical picture. IN separate group doctors isolate hormone-producing tumors, distinctive feature of which is pronounced hormonal activity. They secrete hormones inherent healthy body, however, they are released in excessive quantities, which causes the appearance of pathological symptoms.

The endocrine effects of hormone-producing tumors can be expressed in two directions: feminization or masculinization. With estrogen-producing ovarian tumors (folliculoma, thecablastoma), structural changes are observed in all internal genital organs: endometrial hyperplasia, often polyposis and adenomyosis, proliferation of cellular elements of the myometrium, mucous and muscular membranes of the fallopian tubes is common. When androgen-producing tumors (arrhenoblastoma) occur, defeminization and masculinization occur due to the influence of androgenic hormones. Defeminization is characterized by the regression of female secondary sexual characteristics, and masculinization is characterized by the acquisition of male ones. Masculinization is usually preceded by defeminization, although not in all cases.

Such tumors often become malignant. The frequency of malignant degeneration varies, according to different researchers, from 6.4 to 30%. Treatment is surgical. IN at a young age with a unilateral tumor, only the tumor is removed, leaving the second ovary and uterus, and in women with children, the uterus and appendages are removed along with the tumor. In young women, they try to keep the ovary intact, since its removal aggravates endocrine disorders, which are the background for tumor development and relapses.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) is a hormonally determined disease that leads to changes in the phase of ovulation and, as a consequence, to the development of infertility. If pregnancy does occur, it usually ends in spontaneous abortion. Primary polycystic disease develops in adolescence, when the menstrual cycle is established. At a later age, the so-called secondary polycystic ovary syndrome occurs.

The causes of this pathology in adolescence may be dysfunction of the endocrine system: the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, adrenal glands and the ovaries themselves. Disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries may be associated with previous respiratory infections, psychological trauma, stress, unfavorable ecology, sudden climate change, etc.

Secondary polycystic disease develops as a result of various chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital area. If the functioning of the ovaries is completely disrupted, this leads to infertility.

In the initial stages, polycystic disease is asymptomatic. Then menstrual cycle disorders appear: irregular menstruation with long intervals up to amenorrhea; in this case, a woman may experience nagging pain in the lower abdomen. In some cases, acyclic uterine bleeding occurs.

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs in different phases of the cycle shows an increase in the size of the ovaries over 8 x 3 cm and many small cysts (from 2 to 8 mm) along the periphery of the ovary. Blood tests showing the level of sex hormones (17 - CS, testosterone, LH and FSH) also help to make a correct diagnosis.

Symptoms such as weight gain (8-10 kg) over a short time, increased fat content skin, acne, greasy hair. These symptoms are often mistaken for signs of puberty. Very important symptoms are hirsutism (hair growth in women according to male type– in the area of ​​the face, sternum, back, abdomen, inner thighs), hair loss on the head and decreased timbre of the voice.

Hormonal and immunostimulating therapy, as well as physiotherapy and laser treatment are used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome. Often good results gives weight loss as a result of physical activity and diet. If conservative treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome does not give positive results and the woman was unable to become pregnant, then surgical intervention is performed by laparoscopy. After surgery, maintenance hormonal therapy is required. Restoration of the menstrual cycle occurs within 3–6 months after surgery.

Traditional methods of treating polycystic disease

Mumiyo tampons

Mummy dilute in warm water until the consistency of thick sour cream. Lubricate the bandage tampon with the resulting paste and insert it deep into the vagina. The course of treatment is 10 days. Treatment is not carried out during menstruation.

Compresses

You will need 3 liters of water, a glass of vodka, a glass of vinegar, 1 tbsp. spoon of soda. Quench the baking soda with vinegar, add the rest of the ingredients, and mix everything. Wet the cloth and make compresses on the lower abdomen (preferably at night) for 2 weeks. Then take a three-week break and, if necessary, repeat the course. This type of treatment is contraindicated for tumors.

Herbal tincture

Pour one tablespoon of burdock root and rhizomes with a glass of boiling water and leave overnight. Drink 3 times a day, 30–45 minutes before meals, 1 tbsp. spoon for 2 weeks before meals.

After completing the course of treatment with herbs, compresses and tampons, undergo a medical examination.

Hirsutism and hypertrichosis

As already mentioned, hirsutism is excessive growth of terminal hair in women according to the male pattern. Such hair is dark, coarse and long, in contrast to light, soft and short vellus hair. They appear in places uncharacteristic for women: on the chin, above the upper lip, in the upper chest, back or abdomen.

Unlike hirsutism, hypertrichosis is characterized by excess hair growth in areas where small amounts of hair are normal - the lower abdomen, lower back, arms and legs.

Most often, these deviations from the norm are genetic in nature. Ill-considered use of hormonal drugs (birth control pills) can also cause excessive hair growth. Sometimes hair appears as a result of endocrine diseases such as diabetes. In a third of women, body hair grows during menopause, which is a consequence of decreased estrogen production.

Folk remedies for the treatment of excess hair

1. Red or wild carnation Pink colour in dry form, brew as tea (1 tablespoon per glass of water) and leave for 10 minutes. Drink 4 times a day without sugar instead of tea after meals. The course of treatment is 15 days in a row, then a 15-day break. It is not recommended to carry out more than 5 cycles, as the body may become accustomed to it.

2. Brew horsetail and drink it as tea 15 minutes after eating. In addition, horsetail can be mixed in a 1:1 ratio with the rhizome of calamus. This healing decoction cures many women's diseases. When preparing the herb, do not boil it, but pour boiling water over it and steep it like tea for 10 minutes. Use like wild cloves.

3. Infusion of 30 g of lungwort herb per 1 liter of boiling water, take 250 ml 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. You can drink in slow sips. It is advisable to add honey in the morning and evening.

Uterine fibroids (fibroids)

Fibroids are a benign tumor of muscle and fibrous connective tissue in a woman's uterus. The main risk factors for uterine fibroids are lack of pregnancy before age 25, infertility; presence of sexually transmitted infections; frequent abortions; menstrual irregularities; overweight bodies. Very great importance has a heredity factor.

The first alarming signal is changes in the nature of menstruation: they become longer and more abundant, up to uterine bleeding, with blood clots, but, as a rule, without pain. Side effects may include a feeling of heaviness, leucorrhoea, pain in the lumbar region, pressure of the tumor on neighboring organs: the bladder (difficulty urinating as a symptom), intestines (constipation occurs), etc. In 2–3% of cases, fibroids degenerate into a malignant tumor.

Clinical manifestations of the disease depend on the shape, size and location of the fibroid nodes. The nodes can be located both in the thickness of the uterine wall and on its external or internal surfaces. Small intramural and superficial nodes are often asymptomatic, but as their size increases, pain and signs of dysfunction of adjacent organs (constipation, a feeling of pressure on the bladder, etc.) may appear. If the node is large, its nutrition may be disrupted, resulting in swelling, necrosis, and sometimes suppuration of the node, which in some cases requires surgical intervention. Timely initiation of conservative treatment most often allows one to avoid progressive tumor growth and, accordingly, surgery.

TO conservative methods treatments include: hormonal and non-hormonal drug therapy, as well as hirudo-, phyto- and physiotherapy. The choice of method of conservative treatment for patients with uterine fibroids is determined by the attending physician.

Fibroids, even large ones, can develop asymptomatically, so it is very important to undergo regular preventive examinations with a gynecologist.

Folk remedies for treating fibroids

1. Freshly prepared gruel from a small clove of white onion (it has a shell like garlic), about the size of two medium garlic cloves, grate or chop with a knife. Wrap the resulting raw material in ironed gauze, tie it with silk or nylon thread, leaving the end about 20 cm, and insert this tampon deep into the vagina, leaving it overnight. Do this daily for a month or more until the fibroids resolve.

2. Collect second year burdock roots in the spring, wash, finely chop and dry in a draft in the shade. After drying, crush and grind. Pour 2 cups of boiling water over 5 g of crushed root mass and leave (preferably in a thermos) for 12 hours, strain. Drink 1/2 glass 4 times a day for a month. Take these courses with 10-day breaks until recovery.

3. Wild strawberries (leaves) – 5 parts; motherwort (herb), St. John's wort (herb), calendula (flowers), buckthorn (bark), chamomile (flowers) - 2 parts each; yarrow (herb), nettle (herb) - 1 part each. Place two tablespoons of the crushed mixture in a thermos, pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 10–12 hours, strain. Drink 100 ml of infusion 2 times a day for a long time with 10-day breaks every 2 months.

4. Knotweed (grass) – 5 parts; arnica (flowers), nettle (leaves), calendula (flowers) – 2 parts each. Pour two tablespoons of the crushed mixture into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave and strain. Drink 1/2 cup of infusion 3 times a day for bleeding.

5. Take equal parts of the rhizomes of cinquefoil erecta (galangal), viburnum bark, horsetail grass, shepherd's purse and peppermint, birch and blueberry leaves, horse chestnut flowers. Pour one tablespoon of the mixture (with top) into 0.25 liters of boiling water, leave in a warm place or in a thermos for 3 hours, strain. Drink a glass 3 times a day before meals.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases. Most often, endometriosis develops at the age of 30–45 years, but now many diagnoses, including this one, have become significantly younger, and now it is often found even in girls of 20 years of age. This pathology is characterized by the proliferation of endometrioid, that is, characteristic of the inner (mucosal) layer of the uterus, tissue in various organs. There are genital and extragenital endometriosis.

The causes of this disease are not completely clear. Among the main factors contributing to the development of endometriosis, experts identify hormonal disorders, heredity, abortion, psychological trauma. The most common theory is the transfer of endometrial fragments through the vessels and fallopian tubes to the pelvic organs and other parts of the body during menstruation. There is also an opinion that this pathology belongs to the category of autoimmune. Endometriosis is often preceded by other diseases of the genital organs: uterine fibroids, chronic inflammation, anemia.

Risk factors are also constant stressful situations that often arise in modern women. Doctors believe that another reason is the abuse of solariums, mud baths and other procedures, which, if used incorrectly, do not benefit the body, but cause harm.

The most characteristic signs of endometriosis are pain before menstruation, during it, and also a few days later; irradiation of pain in the lower back and tailbone; pain during sexual intercourse; menstrual irregularities in the form of bleeding from the genital tract before and after menstruation. Often the menstrual cycle is shortened; menstruation becomes excessively heavy. When endometriosis grows into the rectum, severe pain occurs during bowel movements, and if the foci of endometriosis are in the bladder, then when urinating. Patients with endometriosis are often characterized by an unbalanced psyche, irritability, tearfulness, and often complain of dizziness and headaches.

There are also so-called minor forms of endometriosis, when the disease is asymptomatic, leading at the same time to infertility. About 65% of women with this diagnosis cannot become pregnant. Causes of infertility in in this case various: disruption of the ovulation process; education large quantity adhesions in the area of ​​the ovaries and fallopian tubes; inferiority of the endometrium due to menstrual irregularities. Certain negative role prostaglandins play here - substances, the amount of which increases due to the inflammatory reaction in the tissues surrounding endometriotic lesions.

Endometriosis can be diagnosed only with a comprehensive examination, including a gynecological examination, colposcopy (examination of the cervix using a special device), ultrasound scanning, blood test for tumor tumor markers, analysis of vaginal microflora, as well as a general examination of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive and urinary systems. When appropriate, methods such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are used. If endometriosis is suspected, consultations are recommended not only with a gynecologist, but also with other specialists - a therapist, gastroenterologist, hematologist, etc.

Treatment of endometriosis is carried out with the help of hormonal drugs (usually progestational), which normalize the functioning of the ovaries and eliminate the formation of endometriotic lesions. The duration of taking these drugs is at least 2–3 months. In cases where normal anatomical structure internal genital organs, surgical treatment is indicated.

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is one of the special cases of endometriosis. The lesions of this disease are localized in the muscular layer of the uterus itself, which as a result increases in size; its tissues become swollen. About 40% of women with adenomyosis suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome.

Adenomyosis mainly affects women over 35–40 years of age. The reasons that this particular category of women primarily suffers from this disease are not precisely understood, however, some connection can be assumed between the general condition of the body and the development of the disease. Thus, at a young age, the immune and other systems are much more resistant to various kinds negative influences and can overcome them on their own. With age, in the process of inevitable aging, the body's resistance sharply decreases, which leads to the development of various diseases, including adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis, like endometriosis, is treated in two ways: drug therapy and surgery. New treatment methods are gradually emerging. At the present stage, in addition to the two classical methods mentioned above, electrocoagulation is used - special method removal of tumors. It is often used together with anesthesia, which makes it completely painless.

Facilities traditional medicine used in the initial stages of the disease.

Infusions and juices for the treatment of endometriosis

1. Pour two tablespoons of stinging nettle with a glass of boiling water, heat in a water bath for 15 minutes, add boiling water to 200 ml and take the resulting infusion 3-5 times a day before meals, 1/4-1/2 cup.

2. Boil crushed viburnum bark (1 tablespoon per glass of water) for 10 minutes. Use the resulting decoction 2 tbsp. spoons 3-4 times a day.

3. Water pepper and shepherd's purse enhance the contractility of the uterus, so they are used only during menstruation. Pour one tablespoon of shepherd's purse herb with a glass of boiling water, leave, wrapped, for an hour, and drink 1 tbsp. spoon before meals 3-4 times a day. Infusion of water pepper is taken 1 tbsp. spoon 3-4 times a day, and the extract of this plant, purchased at a pharmacy, 30-40 drops three times a day.

4. Beetroot juice is very useful during menstrual disorders, especially if you drink it in small (50-100 ml) portions 2-3 times a day. You can mix beet juice with carrot juice.

Infertility

Infertility is a very common problem these days. In gynecology there is even an independent field that deals with infertility problems. There are many large perinatal centers where they use various methods diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the reproductive function of the body.

A doctor makes a diagnosis of infertility when a married couple, who regularly have sexual intercourse without contraception, cannot have a child for a year or more. This may be due to problems in both the female and male male body Therefore, both spouses must undergo the examination. Urologists, andrologists and sex therapists treat male infertility. Female infertility is treated by gynecologists.

Depending on the reasons that caused female infertility and the localization of pathological processes, it is divided into tubal, uterine, cervical, etc.

Tubal infertility is characterized by obstruction of the fallopian tubes due to a chronic inflammatory process in them. This happens as a result undergone surgery about ectopic pregnancy, due to the presence in pipes adhesive process(for example, with endometriosis), etc. Uterine infertility develops due to the inability of the uterus to conceive and bear a pregnancy due to malformations (bicornuate, saddle uterus); underdevelopment (infancy); as a consequence of previous abortions and inflammatory processes in the uterus; due to the presence of uterine fibroids, as well as due to incorrect position uterus (uterus bends backward).

Various pathological conditions of the cervix (inflammatory process, endometriosis, polyp of the cervical canal, adhesions after curettage, cervical erosion, etc.) lead to cervical infertility.

The cause of infertility can be a malfunction of any internal secretion organ - the ovaries, adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid glands. Some hormonal disorders in a woman’s body prevent the normal maturation of the egg, ovulation, conception and maintenance of pregnancy. Infertility can also occur due to insufficient function of the corpus luteum.

Diagnosis of ovulation shows the number of anovulatory menstrual cycles. This cycle is single-phase, and corpus luteum it does not form, although it may result in bleeding, clinically indistinguishable from menstrual bleeding. Usually anovulatory cycles occur during puberty or menopause, but occasionally (no more than one cycle per year) occur in completely healthy women childbearing age. Normally, two cycles in a row are not anovulatory, therefore, when one such cycle is identified, it is necessary to immediately examine the next one.

Sometimes a woman’s body produces antibodies (aggressive proteins) that damage her husband’s sperm. There are also psychosexual infertility and infertility of unknown origin, in which no problems in the health of the spouses can be identified, and pregnancy does not occur.

Treatment begins, as a rule, with identifying inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (colpitis, salpingoophoritis, endometritis) and hidden infections with subsequent therapy. Then a diagnosis of endocrine disorders is carried out. To correct them, drugs containing natural estrogens and gestagens are used; ovulation stimulants. If conservative treatment does not help, surgical methods are resorted to.

Traditional methods of prevention and treatment of infertility

Herbal infusions

For inflammation of the uterus, appendages, tubal obstruction, as well as for chronic inflammation Bladder And urinary tract with the presence of pus in the urine, infusions of wintergreen roundifolia are used. An alcohol tincture is prepared as follows: 50 g of wintergreen leaves and stems are poured into 0.5 liters of vodka and infused for 2 weeks in a dark place. Take 30–40 drops 3 times a day. To prepare an aqueous infusion, brew 1–2 teaspoons of dry wintergreen leaves in a glass of boiling water, leave in a thermos for 2 hours, and then filter. Take 1/4 cup 3 times a day.

The following also helps with inflammation of the appendages: herbal tea: take equal parts of yellow sweet clover flowers, grass and centaury flowers and coltsfoot flowers. Grind everything well and mix; 1 tbsp. Brew a spoonful of the mixture in a glass of boiling water, leave, covered, for 1 hour and strain. Take 1/3 cup 6 times a day for 3-4 weeks. During treatment, it is recommended to abstain from sexual activity.

Physical exercise

Lie on your back. Slowly raise your legs up and use your hands to lift your pelvis, throwing your straightened legs behind your head until your toes touch the floor as far behind your head as possible. At the same time, the arms are straightened and lie freely on the floor, palms down. Breathing is calm. You need to try to relax all muscle groups as much as possible. Stay in this position for 4 minutes, then slowly, without jerking, return to the starting position. Perform the exercise daily, except during menstruation, on an empty stomach.

Mud therapy

Take 2–3 kg of silt or peat mud. Spread a blanket on the bed, put an oilcloth on top, on the oilcloth - a fabric with a thickness of at least 6 cm and dimensions of 0.5 x 1 m. Spread an even layer over the fabric healing mud. Lie on the cloth with your back so that the lower back and upper thighs are located on a layer of mud, coat the front surface of the thighs and lower abdomen with mud, wrap yourself in the cloth and wrap yourself in oilcloth and a blanket on top. The recommended duration of exposure is 20 minutes. Then take a warm shower, thoroughly washing off the healing mud. After this, rest in a horizontal position for an hour. The course of treatment consists of 18 procedures performed every other day.

Miscarriage

Many factors can provoke a miscarriage: genetic, autoimmune, endocrine, infectious disorders; pathologies of uterine development; Lifestyle, negative emotions, any stress. The risk of premature termination of pregnancy is increased in women over 30 and under 20 years of age. Previous abortions, as well as smoking, also affect the unfavorable course of pregnancy.

The cause of spontaneous abortion in the second and third trimester of pregnancy may be fibroids. Due to fibroids, the free space of the uterus decreases - accordingly, the larger the size of the fibroids, the higher the risk of premature birth. The location of the fibroid and the presence of contact with the placenta are also important.

To establish accurate diagnosis It is very important to examine the contents of the uterus immediately after a miscarriage. In cases where this is not possible, a delayed examination of the endometrium is usually performed by biopsy - taking a piece of tissue after menstruation or in the second phase of the cycle.

A frozen pregnancy differs from the threat of termination in cases of recurrent miscarriage in that the fetus stops developing and dies even before the miscarriage occurs. This usually occurs at 15–16 weeks.

Problems of recurrent miscarriage should be solved not during pregnancy, but during its planning. Very often, the cause of cessation of fetal life is pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Both spouses are shown the study PCR method for sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia, gardnerella, human and urogenital mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, viruses - herpes and CMV (cytomegalovirus), enterobacteria, etc. This is the most common cause of infertility and miscarriages.

In women, the composition of microorganisms is examined both in the cervix and in the uterine cavity. With such infections, the number of white blood cells in the vagina usually increases and they destroy sperm. In addition, infections lead to a state of chronic inflammation in the uterus and appendages, causing endometrial deficiency and its inability to accept and retain ovum. Inflamed ovaries do not always grow eggs rhythmically; the number of incomplete cycles increases - without ovulation or with insufficiency of the second phase. Adhesions form inside the uterus and tubes. At chronic inflammation genital organs, antibacterial, immunostimulating and restorative drug therapy is indicated in combination with folk remedies, physiotherapy, douching, etc.

Folk remedies for the treatment of inflammation of the appendages

1. Meadow lumbago: infuse 5-10 g of grass, wrapped, in a glass of boiling water. When cool, strain. Take 1 tbsp. spoon every 2–3 hours.

2. Finely chop 5 heads of onion, 1/2 head of garlic and cook with milk until the mixture is softened. Add boudra juice and a little honey. Take 1 tbsp. spoon every hour.

3. Add hoof grass to a glass of milk at the tip of a knife, stir and drink.

4. Tincture of boron uterus: 5 tbsp. spoons of dry crushed boron uterus raw material, pour 500 ml of vodka and leave in a dark place for 15 days, shaking occasionally. Take 30–40 drops 3 times a day an hour before meals.

5. Decoction of boron uterus: 2 tbsp. spoons of crushed dry leaves and flowers of the uterus, pour 300 ml of water, put on fire and boil for 5-10 minutes. Then let it brew under the lid for 30 minutes and strain. Take 1 tbsp. spoon 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. A decoction and infusion of boron uterus is prescribed not only internally, but also for douching.

6. For all infectious and inflammatory processes, take echinacea tincture 10–20 drops 3 times a day as a powerful immunostimulant.

As for the courses, the treatment regimen with all herbs and other biological active additives It is recommended to renew your diet every 3-4 weeks to avoid the body getting used to it and accumulating certain substances in it.

Mastopathy

Mastopathy, or fibroadenomatosis, is the proliferation of connective tissue of the mammary gland with the formation of numerous cysts. The disease occurs in many women after 40 years of age, but in some cases it occurs earlier, at the age of 25–30 years.

Most mild form Mastopathy, which manifests itself as pain in the premenstrual period, affects almost all women, and this cannot always be considered a disease. However, in some cases, mastopathy accompanies breast cancer, so women who have more or less severe symptoms of this disease must undergo preventive examinations once a year from a specialist - a mammologist. Malignant degeneration of a benign breast tumor occurs, according to various sources, no more often than 1–4% of cases.

In clinical practice, mastopathy is divided into diffuse and nodular. With diffuse mastopathy, many small nodules are detected in the mammary glands. Its main manifestation is mastalgia - breast tenderness that occurs before menstruation. The forms of this disease are divided into adenosis, in which the glandular component predominates in the seals; fibroadenosis (the fibrous component predominates); fibrocystosis (cystic component), etc. Mixed forms are often found.

With nodular mastopathy, lumps ranging in size from a pea to walnut. Chest pain with this disease is more intense, sometimes radiating to the shoulder or armpit. Colostrum, a bloody or clear fluid, may be discharged from the nipple. Pain and changes in the mammary gland do not disappear with the onset of menstruation, and when palpated, the tumor can always be easily detected. The main forms of this disease are fibroadenoma, cyst, intraductal papilloma, lipogranuloma, lipoma, angioma, etc.

Among the most significant causes of mastopathy, doctors identify hereditary factor, changes hormonal levels, inflammation of the appendages, various diseases liver, bile ducts and gallbladder, obesity, prolonged tension and stress, as well as lack of regular sex life. Factors that have a protective effect include early birth (20–25 years) and breastfeeding.

The main examination methods are ultrasound of the mammary glands and axillary lymph nodes, mammography, cytological examination of nipple discharge, as well as tests for the content of prolactin and estrogens in the body. In order to exclude the diagnosis of tumor degeneration into malignant, there is a histological examination.

Treatment of mastopathy should be carried out individually, depending on the causes of the disease. This may include hormone therapy, immunomodulatory drugs, vitamins, microelements, antioxidants, diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs. An integrated approach is very important. If conservative treatment does not produce results and the disease progresses, the nodes are removed surgically. Unfortunately, this method also does not always get rid of the problem, since very often after surgery the tumor appears again.

Patients with mastopathy should avoid physiotherapeutic procedures and should not visit the sauna or sunbathe. The bra should be made of natural fabric.

Compresses and infusions

1. For pain in the mammary gland, make warm compresses from raspberry leaves boiled in milk; keep for half an hour.

2. Take 5 tbsp. spoons of parsley and plantain leaves, pour in 300 g of olive oil and simmer in a water bath over low heat for an hour. Make compresses on the chest from the resulting mixture 3 times a day, keep for 2 hours.

3. Mix tinctures of sage grass and motherwort in a ratio of 1:9, take 10 drops 3 times a day.

4. Pour into a sterilized 3-liter jar fresh berries black elderberries in layers: 4–5 cm of sugar, 4–5 cm of berries, sugar again, etc., leave free space on top (4–6 cm); Cover the jar with gauze and leave in a warm room for 6–8 days to ferment. Then sterilize 0.5-liter jars, transfer the berries into them, and close with nylon lids. Take 1-2 tbsp. spoons 2 times a day for 2 weeks.

5. Mix 1 dess. spoon of yarrow, horsetail and juniper berries, add 1 tbsp. spoon of corn silk. 1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of the resulting mixture into a glass of boiling water, bring to a boil, leave for half an hour and strain. Drink Vs glasses 3 times a day after meals.

During menstruation, stop taking infusions.

Hyperprolactinemia

Discharge of milk and colostrum from the mammary glands, not associated with pregnancy and childbirth, is often a consequence of increased levels of prolactin in the blood. In most cases, such patients suffer from infertility or obesity. In this case, as a rule, there is insufficiency of the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle, oligomenorrhea and even amenorrhea are common.

If the fact of a slight excess of prolactin is established, then most likely we are talking about a functional disorder that goes away on its own or responds well to treatment. Prolactin levels can also increase in completely healthy women. This occurs during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as during sleep, stress and physical activity. If a woman does not plan pregnancy in case of a slight increase in prolactin levels, then treatment may not be carried out.

If the level of this hormone exceeds the maximum values ​​by 2-3 times, then an X-ray examination of the skull, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to rule out a pituitary tumor. A pituitary tumor is not classified as malignant and does not metastasize, so there is no need to worry about life expectancy in this case. If such a tumor is present, conservative treatment or radiation therapy is recommended.

As a rule, drugs that are derivatives of ergot alkaloids are prescribed for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. If high level prolactin causes infertility, then such drugs should be taken regularly and for a long time, and the dose should be selected taking into account periodic studies of the level of this hormone in the blood.

Obesity

Obesity is the accumulation of fat in the body, leading to a steady increase in body weight. This chronic illness, requiring long-term medical treatment and observation. Excess weight significantly increases the risk of developing arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary disease heart, as well as many gynecological diseases. The negative impact of obesity on the body is manifested by additional stress on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, causes muscle wasting and intestinal hypotension.

Depending on body weight, grade 1 obesity is distinguished (increase in weight compared to the “ideal” by more than 29%); 2nd degree (excess body weight – 30–49%); 3rd degree (excess body weight – 50–99%); 4th degree (excess body weight – 100% or more).

The “ideal” weight of a person is purely individual and depends on many factors: gender and age, constitution, degree of muscle development, etc. It is usually calculated using an approximate formula (Brock’s index): a person’s weight in kilograms should be equal to his height in centimeters minus 100. Since this formula is very approximate, small fluctuations of ±10% are allowed due to the individual characteristics of the body.

There are three types of obesity: nutritional, hypothalamic and endocrine. The most common type is nutritional. Most often, the disease occurs in middle-aged and elderly women who lead a sedentary lifestyle, as well as in people with a hereditary predisposition to obesity. It is caused by excess caloric intake of food and insufficient physical activity of a person. Weight increases gradually, fat is deposited on the body quite evenly, sometimes more strongly in the abdomen and thighs. A characteristic feature of this type of disease is the absence of damage to the endocrine system.

The hypothalamic form occurs in diseases of the central nervous system combined with damage to the hypothalamus (as a result of injury, tumor, infectious disease, etc.). The main signs of this type of disease are a sharp, sudden increase in body weight; predominant deposition of fat in the abdomen (in the form of an apron), buttocks, thighs; skin changes (dry skin, stretch marks). Hypothalamic obesity is often accompanied by unpleasant subjective sensations and autonomic disorders (dizziness, headache, sleep disorders, increased blood pressure, increased sweating, autonomic crises), which makes it possible to suspect and diagnose brain pathology.

Endocrine obesity is caused by diseases of the endocrine system (for example, hypothyroidism, Itsenko-Cushing disease, etc.). The clinical picture is characterized by symptoms of the primary disease, uneven deposition of fat throughout the body, manifestations of hormonal disorders in the body (for example, masculinization or feminization), skin changes (the appearance of stretch marks).

Treatment of obesity of any type is based on therapeutic nutrition and following a diet, increasing the patient’s physical activity, and using physiotherapeutic procedures. With hypothalamic and endocrine type general treatment is primarily aimed at the primary disease and is based, as a rule, on the prescription of hormone replacement therapy.

Folk remedies for the treatment of obesity

1. Take equal parts: buckthorn (bark), fennel (fruit), dandelion (roots), garden parsley (fruit), peppermint (leaf). Pour two tablespoons of the collection into 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil for 30 minutes, strain. Drink in the morning before meals.

2. To reduce appetite and prevent obesity, take 20-30 drops of corn silk extract 2-3 times a day before meals.

3. Mix the herb St. John's wort and common yarrow equally. Boil two tablespoons of the mixture for 15–20 minutes in 0.5 liters of water and strain. Drink a glass of infusion per day in 3-4 doses. This normalizes fat metabolism.

4. Tricolor violet herb, yarrow herb, brittle buckthorn bark, corn silk and mix the cumin fruits equally. Pour one tablespoon of the crushed mixture into a glass of boiling water, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 10-15 minutes and strain. Take 2 glasses 2 times a day before meals.

Other endocrine disorders

Acromegaly. The disease is caused by excess production of growth hormone (GH). The process usually develops in middle and old age due to tumors or inflammatory lesions pituitary-hypothalamic region, and sometimes after pregnancy. Acromegaly is characterized by disproportionate bone growth and internal organs, since excess growth hormone occurs after ossification of the epiphyseal growth zones. In patients with acromegaly, the liver, spleen and kidneys are enlarged.

Common complications of this disease include diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Treatment of acromegaly is carried out in specialized endocrinological treatment institutions.

Excessive secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex, observed with tumors of the adrenal cortex or an increase in their size (hyperplasia), associated with increased function of the pituitary gland, sometimes leads to the development of the disease Itsenko - Cushing. The disease is characterized by excessive deposition of fat on the torso, changes in the shape of the face, the appearance of stretch marks on the skin, pustular rashes, increased blood pressure, brittle bones, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, cessation of menstruation in women and decreased libido in men. In the presence of this disease, women also experience crisis increases in blood pressure and hypertrichosis. In some cases, this disease may be associated with previous infection, most often with the flu.

Addison's disease– an endocrine disease caused by insufficient production of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands. Symptoms of Addison's disease: sudden weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue. One of the complications of this endocrine disease is hyperpigmentation (darkening of skin color) in some areas of the body. A deficiency of cortisol can lead to irritability and cravings for salty foods.

Hypercalcemia– increased calcium levels in the blood. The normal level of this element is maintained by vitamin D and the hormone parathyroid glands. Symptoms of hypercalcemia include bone pain, nausea, kidney stones, and hypertension. It is also possible that there is a curvature of the spine. Other symptoms: irritability, muscle wasting and loss of appetite.

Hypothyroidism– one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system, characterized by a lack of thyroid hormones. Main symptoms: drowsiness, weakness, fatigue; slower speech and thinking; constant feeling of cold due to slow metabolism; change in voice and hearing impairment due to swelling of the larynx, tongue and middle ear in severe cases; weight gain; low blood pressure; nausea, flatulence, constipation; dryness, fragility and hair loss; menstrual irregularities.

Hypoparathyroidism– parathyroid insufficiency syndrome caused by insufficient levels of calcium in the blood. Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: tingling in the hands and muscle spasms. This disease usually takes years to manifest itself.

Hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis,– a condition characterized by increased production of the thyroid hormones T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) by the thyroid gland. Symptoms: general weakness, rapid heartbeat, irregular heart rhythm, increased sweating, trembling in the hands and body, enlarged palpebral fissures (“bulging eyes”, exophthalmos). Hyperthyroidism is caused by an autoimmune reaction or mental trauma.

Diabetes– a disease of the endocrine system that occurs due to a lack of insulin and is characterized by a gross disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as other metabolic disorders. Main symptoms: itchy skin, dry mouth, thirst, increased amount of urine and increased frequency of urination, weight fluctuations both upward and downward. Fatigue and weakness may also occur. Furunculosis often develops. Diabetes mellitus and accompanying metabolic disorders can significantly complicate the course of pregnancy.

Diabetes insipidus – a disease caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. This diabetes can occur after trauma to the skull and brain, as a result of brain surgery, especially after removal of pituitary adenomas. Diabetes insipidus is equally common in both men and women.

If you find signs of any endocrine disease, do not delay visiting your doctor!

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The field of study of endocrinology is the medical aspects of the structure and functioning of the endocrine glands (or endocrine glands), the study of the biologically highly active substances– hormones and their effects on the body, as well as diseases that arise due to disruption of the activity of these glands or the production of hormones. Endocrinology is closely related to almost all areas of clinical medicine, since hormones control the most important processes occurring in the body: growth , maturation, reproduction, metabolism, proper functioning of organs and systems.

Modern trends in endocrinology are neuroendocrinology, which studies the relationship between the nervous and endocrine regulation body, and gynecological endocrinology, which deals with the correction of hormonal disorders in the female body.

The endocrine system combines anatomically unrelated endocrine glands: the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads. Most diseases of the endocrine glands cause severe disruption of vital functions, not excluding death, if you do not consult an endocrinologist in time.

Most current problems modern endocrinology is the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland (diffuse toxic goiter, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, thyroid cysts), diabetes mellitus, diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system (

Contacting an endocrinologist is necessary if:

• Close relatives have any endocrine pathology: diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, etc.
• you are overweight
• you have symptoms: increased heart rate, sweating or dry skin, fatigue or irritability, thirst and increased urination, discoloration skin etc.
• the child has delayed mental, physical, or sexual development
• menstrual function is impaired
• you are planning a pregnancy or have problems with its occurrence
• you already have an endocrine disease and require observation and treatment.

For diagnostics endocrine pathology A comprehensive examination is used, including a study of the patient’s medical history, tests for the content of various hormones, ultrasound of the glands, and magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the data obtained, the issue of further conservative or surgical treatment is decided.

Treatment of endocrine diseases is aimed at correcting hormonal disorders, achieving stable remission of the pathological process and restoring normal quality patient's life.

Hormonal imbalance can be called a disruption of the endocrine and neuroregulatory systems, entailing a series of pathological conditions. Dysfunction can occur in both women and men. It is important to understand that all processes in our body depend on the current hormonal status. This means that a failure can significantly affect your well-being and cause serious harm to the body.

In women, the cause of hormonal imbalance is often considered to be pathological phenomena in the organs of the reproductive system. Inflammatory processes, weakening of immune defense body. These disorders entail problems in the sexual sphere, disruptions of the menstrual cycle, and deterioration in general well-being.

An important feature of diseases of the female and male reproductive system is the asymptomatic course of early stages occurrence. That is why main role Constant medical supervision plays a role in prevention. Individuals need to visit a medical professional regularly to avoid serious imbalances and diseases of the genital organs.

What is hormonal imbalance?

Male and female sex hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands. The reproductive organs, cerebral cortex, adrenal glands and thyroid glands are responsible for health in this area.

During life, many changes occur in the human body, resulting in hormonal fluctuations. They can be observed especially clearly in the female body, which goes through the stages of puberty, pregnancy, childbirth, lactation and menopause. At these stages of life, the ratio and amount of hormones produced can change significantly.

Hormonal imbalance is an imbalance due to excessive or insufficient production of substances produced by the internal secretion organs.

Causes of hormonal imbalance

Congenital disorders

Pathologies, absence or delayed development of the genital organs can cause improper hormone production.

Puberty

Abnormal functioning of the endocrine system is often caused by puberty. During adolescence, girls and boys go through a stage of growth and formation reproductive organs. At this moment, their body changes quite a lot externally and internally. Girls develop stable menstruation, which indicates readiness for pregnancy and childbirth.

Endocrine diseases

Functional disorders occurring in the peripheral glands can cause serious imbalance. Malignant and benign tumors, infectious and inflammatory lesions can cause disruptions.

Neuroendocrine regulation disorders

This category includes disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, which regulates the production of hormones. Incorrect work is caused by brain injuries and cranium, encephalitis, cancer lesions.

Adrenal diseases

Hormonal metabolism takes place in the liver. Pathologies of the adrenal cortex are provoked by a disruption in the process of removing metabolites.

Taking hormonal medications

Hormonal imbalances can be caused by certain groups of medications. The risk of failure cannot be excluded even if the patient takes medications prescribed by the attending physician.

Often the cause of hormonal imbalance in women is the use of self-selected birth control pills. In men, imbalance often occurs when undergoing a course of treatment for diseases. genitourinary system, baldness, allergies, neuroses and skin pathologies.

Stress

Prolonged and strong emotional experiences have a negative impact on the functioning of the endocrine glands. Due to stressful situations disorders of the central nervous system develop, which has a direct impact on the functioning of the endocrine system.

Unhealthy Lifestyle

Failure to maintain a normal daily routine, excessive physical activity and lack of sleep are serious stresses. Chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, irritability occur, and the level of sexual activity decreases.

Poor nutrition

Systematic intake of fatty foods and disruption of normal daily caloric intake leads to excess body weight gain. Obesity is one of the causes of diseases of the endocrine system.

Malnutrition can also negatively affect hormonal levels. If a girl adheres to a strict diet for a long time, vitamin deficiency, exhaustion, and thinning of the walls of internal organs occur. In case of sudden weight loss of 10 kg or more, women often stop having periods, which doctors manage to restore with great difficulty.

Alcoholism and drug addiction

Alcoholic drinks and drugs cause serious hormonal imbalances and other life-threatening diseases. Men suffering from beer alcoholism have increased estrogen levels. As a result, such patients often experience hair loss, obesity female type(enlarged breasts and hips), impotence.

Gynecological problems

Diseases of the reproductive organs (for example, cancer of the uterus and ovaries) lead to decreased or increased secretion of hormones. An unsuccessful operation on the genital organs of a man or woman can have a negative impact.

Abortion

Forced termination of pregnancy is a huge stress for the body. Hormonal dysfunction is the most a common complication abortion. Most high risk failure exists in women who terminated their first pregnancy at a fairly late stage.

Among typical signs hormonal dysfunction after an abortion, they experience nervousness, weight gain, changes in blood pressure, and increased sweating.

Pregnancy and childbirth

The hormonal background changes noticeably after fertilization of the egg. During pregnancy, women suffer from constant mood swings, fatigue, anxiety and tearfulness.

Hormonal transformations during this important period cause the cessation of menstruation, weight gain, and growth of the mammary glands. Signs of failure include sudden unmotivated weight gain, virilization syndrome, and neurological pathologies.

Imbalance after the birth of a child can be associated with gynecological diseases, stress, infectious and inflammatory processes, and exacerbation of chronic health problems.

Climax

Hormonal imbalances are observed in women during menopause. After reaching 45-55 years of age, the body begins to undergo restructuring and the production of eggs is completed. The menstrual cycle becomes irregular and then stops completely. The ability to become pregnant and give birth to a child is lost.

At this time, the concentration of the female sex hormone estrogen in the body decreases significantly. As a result, aging processes actively occur in the body. Gray hair appears, deep wrinkles appear, libido decreases.

Patients complain of hot flashes (feelings of heat in facial area), migraines, hair loss, brittle nails, cystitis and pain during sexual intercourse. In old age, a lack of female sex hormones predisposes to osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and pathologies of the nervous system.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance

You can find out about the onset of hormonal imbalance by symptoms such as:

• Emotional instability.
• Anxiety, short temper and irritability.
• Weight change.
• Excessive body hair.
• Pain in the lower abdomen due to premature contractions of the uterus.
• Irregularity of menstruation.
• Underdevelopment of the mammary glands.
• Uterine bleeding.
• Decreased sexual desire.

Consequences of hormonal imbalance

If left untreated, hormonal imbalance can lead to:

• Female or male infertility.
• Obesity.
• The growth of malignant tumors.
• Impotence.
• Heart attacks and strokes.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Uterine fibroids.
• Diseases of the mammary glands.

Diagnosis and treatment of hormonal imbalance

Diagnosis of hormonal imbalance consists of:

• Collecting and checking medical history.
• Excluding tumors of the endocrine system.
• Examination of the reproductive system.

To correct the patient’s condition, doctors use:

• Drug treatment. Vitamins A, E, calcium, selenium, zinc, potassium, and substitutes for female and male hormones are used. neuroleptics, homeopathic remedies.
• Surgical intervention. Removal operations are being carried out cystic formations and tumors.
• The right diet. Patients are helped to normalize body weight through a balanced diet and exercise.
• Restoring the work and rest regime.

Any disease can be recognized by its characteristic symptoms. But with endocrine system disorders, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Changes in the functioning of the glands may not be noticed or they may be confused with symptoms of other diseases, for example, the heart, the gastrointestinal tract.

Some signs of endocrine system disruption coincide with the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle. This is why glandular diseases are often ignored, which can lead to serious health problems in the future.

In fact, quite a few symptoms indicate changes in hormonal levels. Currently, there are seven main signs, based on which you can recognize violations.

Symptoms of endocrine system disruption

First of all, a person’s weight can indicate a change in the activity of the glands. Body weight may decrease or increase.

Weight loss background increased appetite– one of the sure signs of increased thyroid activity. Typically, weight loss due to hormonal changes is accompanied by an increase in body temperature by 1.1-1.15 degrees, arrhythmias and other disturbances in the functioning of the heart, excessive sweating, nervousness and some other signs.

When the endocrine system is disrupted, symptoms of hormonal imbalance can also manifest in the form of excess weight. You should pay attention to extra pounds special attention, if a person leads a fairly active lifestyle, moves a lot and follows a diet. Obesity may indicate dysfunction of various glands.

In diseases of the endocrine system, adipose tissue is evenly distributed throughout the body. If we are talking about changes in the functions of the glands, obesity is accompanied by dry skin, brittle hair, decreased body temperature and pressure, and hoarseness. Constant fatigue, lethargy and drowsiness can also be considered signs.

One of symptoms of gonadal disorders– excessive growth of body hair, accompanied by oily skin, acne, and dandruff. When it occurs in women, it means the body is producing more testosterone. Against this background, disruptions in the menstrual cycle and problems with reproductive function may also occur.

Signs of hormonal imbalances may also appear in the formation of striae– purple stretch marks on the skin. Their occurrence is direct evidence of a violation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Stretch marks can be located in different places. They are mainly observed in the area of ​​the mammary glands, abdomen and on the inner thighs. The appearance of stretch marks is usually accompanied by an increase in body weight. Moreover, adipose tissue is deposited mainly in its upper parts - on the face, neck, shoulders, back and abdomen. Lower limbs remain the same as they were. When stretch marks appear, blood pressure increases significantly and the immune system becomes weaker.

A change in the functions of the glands can also be indicated by a change in appearance - acromegaly. This usually indicates excessive production of growth hormone. Therefore, a person can observe how his face grows - brow ridges, chin, cheekbones. The feet and hands grow very quickly. The skin becomes rough and thick. With acromegaly, the voice changes, joint pain occurs, and sexual functions are impaired.

Signs of hormonal imbalance may also result in blurred vision. Sometimes a person quickly loses the ability to see normally. Deterioration of vision may be accompanied by headaches. In such cases, we may be talking about the occurrence of a pituitary tumor.

Deterioration of vision in itself is not necessarily a symptom of an endocrine system disease. Often such changes can appear due to eye fatigue from excessive computer work. But, if, in addition to vision deterioration, a person has other signs of hormonal imbalance, one should contact an endocrinologist rather than an ophthalmologist.

Another manifestation of gland dysfunction can be itchy skin. It may be accompanied by signs of diabetes - dry mouth, frequent urination and others. At hormonal disorders itching often occurs in intimate places.

You can prevent hormonal imbalance and get rid of not only the symptoms, but also the causes of its development, with the help of TDI-01 “Third Wind”.

Thanks to this device, it is easy to reverse pathological processes. Exercises on the simulator are accompanied by stabilization metabolic processes. As a result, weight is normalized, skin becomes clearer and more tender, hair and nails break less, and vision improves.