Staphylococcus aureus by airborne droplets. In addition, the risk of infection with staphylococcus increases. How is staphylococcus transmitted to humans?

We are surrounded by many bacteria. Staphylococci are one of them. These microbes can remain for a long time on the mucous membranes of the body or in gastrointestinal system and not to express yourself, waiting for favorable conditions. Gradually reducing a person's immunity, the bacterium spreads throughout the body, causing many diseases. It is important to know how it is transmitted Staphylococcus aureus to be able to prevent infection.

Development of infection

Staphylococci are characterized by immunity to high and very low temperatures, as well as to many drugs. They cannot be killed by repeated freezing or hydrogen peroxide, and they can also live in salt for a long time.

To the question whether staphylococcus is transmitted, there is a clear answer: it can be infected from a carrier of the bacterium. Moreover, this person will not necessarily be sick. Long time the existence of staphylococci in the body can occur asymptomatically. And if there are no signs, then treatment cannot be started, since bacteria can adapt to antibiotics, and if the disease manifests itself, the fight against the microorganism will be difficult.

How can you become infected with Staphylococcus aureus?

People with weakened immune systems are most susceptible to infection with staphylococci. The infection can be transmitted in the following ways:

Infection with staphylococci occurs as a result of violation of personal hygiene rules and medical institutions. The likelihood of infection is increased among injection drug users.
How else do you get infected with Staphylococcus aureus? By airborne droplets when interacting with a carrier of a bacteria that may not manifest itself in him. Staphylococci can be located on dirty surfaces, in dust, and are often transmitted through interaction with contaminated objects, for example, bus handrails.
The bacteria can be transmitted infant With mother's milk, intrauterine infection is also possible.

Where can you get infected with Staphylococcus aureus?

The process of transmission of staphylococcus most often occurs in hospitals during intravenous procedures using medical equipment, for example, when feeding through veins, inserting catheters, hemodialysis.

The bacteria can enter the body through food. The bacterium develops well in stale milk, canned food, kefir and cakes.

Staphylococcus is also transmitted sexually. At intimate contacts with an infected person, through the mucous membranes, the bacterium is able to penetrate the genitourinary system.

The bacterium freely enters the body through cuts, wounds, and burns.

Treatment and prevention

Having understood how Staphylococcus aureus is transmitted, it is now important to study methods of prevention possible infection, including:

compliance with personal hygiene measures;
timely cleaning of the premises;
by taking vitamins regularly physical exercise;
If wounds occur, be sure to treat them with brilliant green or iodine, and also cover them with a bandage or plaster.

The fight against staphylococcal infection is complicated by the fact that the bacterium can develop resistance to the action of antimicrobial and other drugs. It's important to pass full course treatment so as not to provoke adaptation in the virus. If the course has not been completed, then antibiotics will be powerless in the future.

Staphylococcus is a bacterium that has a regular spherical shape and belongs to the group of gram-positive non-motile cocci. Most often, under a microscope, you can see a cluster of bacteria that appearance resemble a bunch of grapes.

Due to the high resistance of the microbe to antibacterial drugs, diseases of staphylococcal etiology occupy a leading place among all purulent-inflammatory pathologies. It is important for everyone to know about staphylococcus: what kind of disease it is in adults, its symptoms and treatment in order to prevent irreversible health consequences.

Staphylococcus: what is it?

Staphylococcus is a non-motile bacterium spherical, belonging to the Staphylococcal family (Staphylococcaceae). This is a large group of bacteria, numbering 27 species, 14 of which are found on human skin and mucous membranes. However, only 3 species are capable of causing disease., therefore they belong to opportunistic microflora. At favorable conditions it actively multiplies, causing various purulent processes in the human body.

Considering the fact that staphylococcal infections are extremely resistant to antibiotic therapy applied to them, among purulent-inflammatory diseases staphylococcus, the symptoms of which may indicate inflammatory process in any organ, takes first place.

Staphylococcus is well tolerated high temperature , as well as drying. These bacteria die at a temperature of 70 - 80ºС for 20 - 30 minutes, and at a temperature of 150ºС - almost instantly.

The most common toxic staphylococcal disease is food poisoning. Almost 50% of all secrete enterotoxin - a poison that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Staphylococci reproduce well in many food products especially love oil creams, vegetable and meat salads, canned food. During the process of reproduction, a toxin accumulates in food, and it is the toxin, and not the microbe itself, that causes the symptoms of the disease in a careless eater.

Kinds

All types of this microorganism are classified as opportunistic microflora. It means that healthy person they do not threaten, but unfavorable conditions may cause illness.

There are three types of staphylococcus, which are the most common and harmful to the human body:

Saprophytic staphylococcus most often affects women, causing inflammatory diseases in them Bladder() and kidneys. Bacteria saprophytic staphylococcus localized in the layers of the skin of the genitals and mucous membrane urethra. Of all the types of staphylococcus, it causes the least damage;
Staphylococcus epidermidis. Most dangerous in premature, weakened children and in patients with immunodeficiencies, oncological diseases. The habitat of this pest is the mucous membrane and skin.
Staphylococcus aureus. This is the most dangerous look a microbe that is particularly common in the environment. Organisms of all age categories are susceptible to infection.

Each type of staphylococcus has many strains (varieties), differing from each other in the degree of aggressiveness and pathogenicity

Causes of staphylococcal infection

The cause of the development of almost all staphylococcal diseases is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes, as well as the consumption of contaminated food. The level of harm also depends on the strain of the bacterium, as well as the functioning immune system. The stronger the immune system, the less harm Staphylococci can harm human health.

The source of spread of this infection can be either a sick person or a carrier of the infection (asymptomatic), and according to certain data, about more than 40% of completely healthy people are such carriers. They can act as carriers of any strain of staphylococcus.

Thus, we can conclude that in most cases, staphylococcal disease requires a combination of 2 factors:

infection getting inside;
disruption of the normal functioning of the immune system.

Particularly important factors in the development of infections are:

decreased immunity,
use of strong medications, immunosuppressants,
chronic pathologies,
stress, environmental influence.

Staphylococcal infections are especially severe in children early age and in older people.

Diseases caused by staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting most tissues of the human body. In total, there are more than a hundred diseases caused by staphylococcal infection. Staphylococcal infection is characterized by the presence of many various mechanisms, transmission routes and factors.

Staphylococcus in adults can cause the following diseases:

Lesions of the skin and mucous membranes - boils, purulent wounds.
Food poisoning.
Inflammation of the lungs of a bacterial nature.
Endocarditis.
Osteomyelitis.
Meningitis.
Blood poisoning.

Particularly dangerous in this regard is Staphylococcus aureus, which can penetrate anywhere in the body and cause a generalized infection.

Who is susceptible to infection

Pregnant women who can be immunized with toxoid at 32-36 weeks.
Elderly people are also predisposed to infection, especially those with diseases such as rheumatism, diabetes, eczema, cancer.
Any people, both adults and children, whose immunity is reduced.
Medical workers, workers Catering, by virtue of his profession.

The infection enters the active reproduction phase at the following moments:

hypothermia of the body;
when leaking and;
in case of endocrine system failures;
at inflammatory diseases internal organs and systems.

How is staphylococcus transmitted to humans?

All diseases caused by bacteria can occur as a result of the fact that the infection enters the body due to a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes, because it is a permanent inhabitant of the human microflora. In addition, infection can occur exogenously, that is, through food or through close contact.

The main routes of transmission of the pathogen:

Airborne. The transmission mechanism is based on inhalation of air containing microorganisms. This transmission mechanism becomes possible when bacteria are isolated in environment along with exhaled air (in case of organ disease breathing apparatus: bronchitis or pneumonia).
Medical instruments. In the absence of aseptic rules, you can become infected in the same district clinic at scheduled inspection at the therapist.
Contact and household: in direct contact with a sick person or contaminated household items.
Foodborne – infection is possible by eating contaminated foods.
Fecal-oral. Directly related to non-compliance with hygiene standards. Staphylococcus is present in the stool and vomit of an infected person. Transmitted via dirty hands, with poorly washed vegetables, berries and fruits, poorly washed dishes.

Once in the body, staphylococcus begins to multiply intensively and produce toxins that negatively affect health, leading to certain pathologies.

Infection with staphylococcus is ensured if the immune system is weakened and the person has been in contact with a carrier of this microbe.

Symptoms of staphylococcus

The clinical picture (symptoms) of staphylococcus can be very diverse, which depends on the organ affected, the strain of the bacterium, the age of the person, and the functionality (health) of the immune system of the potential patient.

All staphylococcal infections have in common the following symptoms:

Increase in temperature, local (at the site of infection) or general fever.
The presence of purulent processes.
Intoxication – general deterioration conditions, loss of appetite, drowsiness, joint pain.

The following symptoms are also typical:

Ulcers on the skin different sizes: boils, pyoderma, abscesses, etc.
Cough and purulent yellowish-green discharge.
Mucus in the stool, stool upset, nausea.
Pain at the site of infection. For example, with staphylococcal osteomyelitis, bones begin to ache, endocarditis may be accompanied by heart pain.

Staphylococcus can affect almost all systems, tissues and organs, giving the clinic staphylococcal local or common diseases. The skin may be affected subcutaneous tissue, nervous system, kidneys, liver, lungs, urinary system, bone and arise general infection body (sepsis).

Important! After illness, immunity to these microorganisms is unstable. You can become infected with these infections several times during your life. Special measures There is no information on immunizing people against this type of bacteria.

Complications

If a person knows what staphylococcus is, he also knows how dangerous active phase this pathogenic microorganism.

Exacerbation of existing chronic diseases respiratory system, digestive tract, sugar , .
Entry into the body of other pathogenic microbes (streptococci, pneumococci, etc.).
Development of septicemia (blood poisoning).

Staphylococcal infection leads not only to a number of serious illnesses, but can also be complicated by life-threatening conditions. Pathogenic staphylococcus, entering the bloodstream, is able to penetrate the heart, the brain, and in some cases spread to many organs, causing sepsis.

Diagnostics

If there is a suspicion of staphylococcus, what it is will be explained and diagnosed by the attending physician. The diagnosis is made after a cultural examination of samples of the pathogen taken from foci of infection (any areas of suppuration, blisters, dried crusts, etc.).

Diagnostic methods depend on which part is affected by the infection.

When we're talking about caused by a staphylococcal infection, it is enough to collect sputum after coughing.
If the genitourinary system is infected, you will have to collect a urine test.
For superficial lesions - scrapings from the skin and sampling from the mucous membranes.

For diagnosis the following is prescribed:

biochemical blood test;
examination of stool and urine;
saliva swab;
skin smear.

During the tests, it is also important to determine how sensitive the bacterium is to the effects of antibiotics, which will make it possible to determine the most effective drug for subsequent treatment.

Treatment of staphylococcus in adults

Local forms of staphylococcal infection are treated at home. Hospitalization is indicated in cases of generalization of the process, endocarditis, or if necessary surgical treatment purulent-necrotic skin lesions - boils or carbuncles.

Modern approach to treatment staphylococcal infections provides the following areas of treatment:

Application of modern antimicrobials and antibiotics;
Surgical methods of treatment;
Immunomodulation methods;
Normalization of the hormonal status and metabolic process of the body with the help of food additives(chitosan, cordyceps), mineral preparations, vitamins.

Antibiotics

Bacterioscopic culture determines the presence pathogenic flora and her appearance. Only after this are antibiotics prescribed in tablets and injections that can kill harmful flora.

It is impossible to say for sure which antibiotic kills staphylococcus, because each strain of the bacterium is sensitive to specific drug. The most commonly used drugs include the following groups of antibiotics:

penicillin;
celofasporin;
macrolides;
lincosamides.

Treatment of staphylococcal infection requires strict adherence to the frequency of administration and time of use medicine and its dosage. It is important to take the prescribed antibiotic not until the first symptoms disappear, but for at least 5 days. If it is necessary to extend the course, the doctor will inform you about this. In addition, treatment cannot be stopped; therapy must be continuous.

Surgical methods

The purpose of surgery for staphylococcal infection is to open the abscess and ensure good outflow of purulent-inflammatory exudate. Opened abscesses are washed with antibiotic solutions and drained. Proteases are widely used - enzymes that are capable of breaking down peptide bonds in proteins and decay products, thereby accelerating the cleansing of purulent wounds.

Bacteriophages for staphylococcal infection

To combat staphylococcus, bacteriophages can be used - viruses with a selective ability to attack staphylococcus. For external treatment, ointments containing antibacterial components that have an antiseptic and restorative effect are used.

Immunomodulators

To stimulate the immune system the use of drugs is indicated in children and adults plant origin- echinacea (Immunal), ginseng (ginseng tincture, preparations in the form of tablets and capsules) and Schisandra chinensis.

Use of vitamin and mineral preparations

One of the reasons for decreased immunity and frequent recurrence of infections (including Staphylococcus aureus infection) is a lack of vitamins and minerals in the body. Therefore, vitamin and mineral preparations are successfully used in the treatment and prevention of these infections.

The most justified use of these drugs is in the presence of other signs of vitamin deficiency or during the off-season.

Before use vitamin preparations or dietary supplements, we recommend that you consult with your healthcare professional to discuss the appropriateness of such treatment, as well as the associated risks and consequences.

How to treat with folk remedies

Before using any folk remedies against staphylococcus, we recommend consulting a doctor.

Apricot. For inflammatory processes on the skin due to staphylococcal infection, apricot pulp has proven itself well, and should be applied to areas of inflammation. To treat an internal infection, you need to eat apricot puree 2 times a day - morning and evening, on an empty stomach.
Skin staph infections are also well treated with garlic. 50 g of garlic is crushed and crushed and mixed with 150 ml of water. After straining the resulting infusion, moisten a bandage and apply it to sore spots on the skin. It is recommended to carry out the procedure twice a day for 10 days.
Dry St. John's wort. Brew 2 tsp with a glass of boiling water. herbs, cover with a cloth and let steep for 30 minutes. Take on an empty stomach before breakfast and dinner.
Chamomile decoction is also recommended for use. 2 tsp Boil chamomile in a glass of water for about five minutes. Then the broth is filtered and cooled. It is used as a means for rinsing, washing and wiping.
A good method of treating staphylococcus is black currant. Blackcurrant contains greatest number vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system and promotes speedy recovery. Black currant will also be effective in the treatment of streptococcus.

It is strictly forbidden to use any thermal procedures at home to accelerate the process of maturation of ulcers. Hot baths, steam baths and saunas will only worsen the patient’s condition and lead to further dissemination infections.

Prevention

Understanding how difficult it is to treat staphylococcus, most doctors pay attention to preventing the development of infection. It is simply impossible to completely get rid of different types of this microorganism. Therefore, the key task is not to eliminate the bacteria, but to prevent the development of the infectious process.

It is important to carry out regular disease prevention without waiting for infection to appear. The following methods are used as preventative measures:

maintaining hygiene;
prevention of vitamin deficiency;
treating wounds and cuts with antibacterial agents;
injury prevention;
prevention of sweating;
thorough processing of vegetables and fruits before eating,
exclusion from the diet of products with damaged packaging integrity.

Staphylococcal infections are extremely dangerous to human health because they can cause serious complications. Treatment of infections of this type must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

It is impossible to completely get rid of the presence of staphylococci in the body. They are part of the opportunistic human microflora. Small amounts of them do not cause any harm.

Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted through the air, by contact, through household objects and tools. The danger of infection is that a person may not even be aware that he or she is a carrier of the bacteria.

Not everyone is well aware of how Staphylococcus aureus is transmitted. It is he who is rightfully considered the most hostile representative of the family. Staphylococcus is transmitted through the air through dust and airborne droplets. Infection occurs through mucous membranes, skin, and unwashed hands. People can become infected through wounds, burns and other injuries on the body.

There are cases of bacteria entering the body due to violations of personal hygiene requirements, as well as through instruments and accessories that have not been properly treated. There is no need to doubt whether staphylococcus is sexually transmitted - it is possible. Additionally, the infection can spread through food.

Infection with staphylococcus occurs because the pathogen overcomes protective forces macroorganism. Transmission of staphylococcal infection by contact involves infection through touch. The bacterium reacts little to the factors that influence it the world: it is resistant to temperature changes and some types of antiseptics.

Staphylococcus aureus often lives on human skin, but the danger of getting sick appears only with extensive wounds or against a background of weakened immunity. However, such a person can become infected with staphylococcus, since he is a carrier of the pathogen. At direct contact with it, as well as through household items, these pathogenic bacteria.

Artificial infection

Staphylococcus can be transmitted through unsterilized instruments. Most often, such infection occurs when using instrumental methods research. Sometimes carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is noted after surgical intervention. This situation is due to the high resistance of the bacterium to antiseptics used in surgery.

In addition, it is easy to encounter this microorganism in beauty salons when performing piercing and ear piercing procedures.

Aerogenic infection

When considering how staphylococcus can be transmitted, it is imperative to note airborne infection. Dangerous bacteria often able to live on the nasal mucosa for a long time. In most cases, the carrier of staphylococcus is completely healthy. The growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms occurs with a decrease in immune forces. As a result, adults develop diseases such as rhinitis, sinusitis and others. Especially dangerous case Pneumonia caused by staphylococcal infection is considered.

Nutritional route

The source of Staphylococcus aureus can be food. Because the infection is resistant to heat and freezing, people often become infected through food of animal origin. When entering the stomach, the bacterium secretes toxic substances, causing severe poisoning, but if there is no damage to the mucous membrane, it quickly dies under the influence of hydrochloric acid.

When a person has wounds on the gastric mucosa, the worst thing happens, what is dangerous about Staphylococcus aureus: poisoning and the spread of infection, quickly leading to the death of a person, even if health care provided on time.

Infection of newborns from mother

Particular attention should be paid to the risk of infection of the child. How can you become infected through breast milk and why is staphylococcus dangerous? The staphylococcus found in milk enters the baby’s body both due to non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, and as a result of active foci of inflammation in the mother: cracked nipples, mastitis, rhinitis, sinusitis and others.

Staphylococcus living in milk can be transmitted to children, even if there are no symptoms of damage to the mammary glands.

Intrauterine infection is another possible way transmission of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. How is the pathogen transmitted in this case? Infection through amniotic fluid penetrates the mucous membranes oral cavity, on the skin, in Airways, food channel. If the integrity of the placenta is compromised.

What is the danger of infection

Obviously, it is quite easy to catch pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, in particular. The routes of infection in adults and children may be different. It is impossible to determine visually whether a person is contagious, since he may be a carrier, but there are no signs of disease. It is worth knowing where staphylococcus comes from, since this bacterium is considered very dangerous. At the same time, infections caused by it, since the pathogen reacts little to external influences.

The routes of infection with staphylococcus are diverse, and this bacterium remains viable even at a temperature of 70-80 degrees. Killing her is extremely difficult. Only boiling can destroy this microbe.

The bacterium primarily lives in the nasal cavity and armpit area. Frequent sources of infection are doctors, people suffering from chronic dermatitis, drug addicts. In the absence of health problems, staphylococcus most often lives in the nose. But sometimes it happens that bacteria occur in the stomach, perineum, armpit area and hair follicles.

It is worth considering whether the child is dangerous, since more than 20% of children under 2 years of age can be sources of infection. The bacterium penetrates the nasal mucosa. Upon reaching the age of 4 to 6 years, it is detected in 30-50% of cases. Among adults, the number of carriers varies between 15-50%.

After hospitalization in a hospital, the likelihood of infection in a person will increase by approximately 20-30%. At risk are patients suffering from diabetes, taking antibiotics, and undergoing hemodialysis. Almost 35% of employees working in a particular medical institution may be hidden carriers of staphylococcus.

It happens that signs of the disease appear in women after their first menstruation. You should not begin treatment without finding out which antibiotics the infection is sensitive to. Such therapy will be ineffective. Every year, the number of strains resistant to common antibiotics is growing. It’s easy to get infected anywhere, anywhere public place. At the same time, the mortality rate from staphylococcus is approaching 30%.

Infection

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an extremely harmful bacterium, causing the development of more than 100 diseases. The infection can affect any organ, killing living cells and causing inflammation. Staphylococcus aureus can cause sepsis, endocarditis, and can affect joints.

Treating such an infection is not an easy task, but in most cases it is quite feasible. Main - timely appeal to the doctor, after testing for the susceptibility of the bacteria to antibiotics, antibiotics are prescribed complex therapy. As a rule, a course of antibacterial and sulfonamide drugs is required.

Since Staphylococcus aureus has the property of developing resistance to antibiotics, treatment is very difficult, especially if the infection does not occur for the first time. After completing the course of therapy, tests are re-administered, and if staphylococcus is not detected, then treatment is stopped. At complex degree infection, except therapeutic activities, you need to take measures to prevent the re-spread of the infection: get rid of vitamin deficiency, adhere to personal hygiene rules, control sweating, avoid injuries and remember how staphylococcus is transmitted in order to avoid “meeting” with it.

One of the first places among many pathogenic microorganisms is occupied by staphylococcus: how the infection is transmitted, how to avoid infection - frequently asked questions.

At active growth bacteria appear pronounced, very characteristic features, which cannot be ignored. Timely treatment will help avoid the development of serious complications.

Staphylococcus - what is it?

Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterium in the form of a ball, characterized by low mobility, and forms groups similar to a bunch of grapes. This pathogen belongs to the opportunistic microflora, lives in the nose, pharynx and on skin, is activated against the background of weakened immunity and chronic diseases.

What types of bacteria are most dangerous for humans:

Saprophytic staphylococcus - affects organs genitourinary system, lives on the epithelium of the genital organs, the urinary canal, provokes the development of cystitis and nephritis.
more widespread than the other two brothers and much more dangerous than them. When infected, purulent and inflammatory processes develop on the skin, nasopharynx, heart, and blood vessels.
Staphylococcus epidermidis - lives on the skin, can penetrate into the blood through scratches, which will cause inflammation of the lining of the heart, meninges, blood poisoning and so on.

Treatment of infection

The basis of treatment for staphylococcus is antibacterial drugs; they are prescribed after receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of bacteria to the active substances of drugs.

Drug groups:

antibiotics – Ampioks, Amoxiclav, Gentamicin, Cefepime;
– modern and safe method therapy, therapy active substances affect only pathogenic bacteria and do not have any effect harmful influence on the state of the body as a whole;
immunomodulators – Polyoxidonium, Thymogen;
administration intramuscularly or intravenously of antitoxic serum, antistaphylococcal plasma.

In the treatment of staphylococcal furunculosis, the method of autohemotransfusion is used - the patient is injected intramuscularly with his own venous blood, after destruction, the breakdown products begin to stimulate local immunity. If treatment does not bring the desired result, abscesses and boils are opened surgically.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to most antibacterial drugs, can only cope with the microbe Linezolid, Fusidine, Vancomycin, they must be taken together with Biseptol.

How not to get infected?

To avoid staphylococcal infections, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the body’s defenses - in children and adults with strong immunity the chance of infection is low.

Prevention of staphylococcal infections:

careful adherence to hygiene rules - you need to wash your hands as often as possible, try not to touch your face too much, each family member should use their own towel;
even minor scratches must be immediately treated with an antiseptic, covered with an adhesive plaster or applied with a sterile bandage;
eat properly and balanced, refuse junk food, bad habits;
get enough sleep, avoid stress and hypothermia;
move more, take daily walks fresh air, do not forget about hardening procedures;
ventilate the room more often, regularly wet cleaning in room;
carry out timely prevention of influenza and ARVI, do not delay the treatment of caries, diseases of the nasopharynx and genitourinary system;
wash vegetables and fruits well, meat, fish, eggs and thoroughly heat treatment, drink only purified water;
use condoms.

Since staphylococcus often begins to actively multiply during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo diagnostics in advance and constantly monitor the number of pathogenic bacteria in the body.

From the video you will learn about common mistakes in the treatment of staphylococcus based on test results:

Staphylococcal infections are dangerous to human life and health, especially for children. Timely diagnosis and correctly selected medications will help avoid the development severe complications, and compliance with simple preventive measures reduces the risk of infection or relapse of the disease to a minimum.

Nowadays it is one of the most common infections. According to official data, more than forty percent of the population is infected with it. The pathogen is distinguished by its ability to cause severe pathologies, including brain damage, pneumonia and even blood poisoning.

Today we will talk about how you can become infected with staphylococcus.

Microorganisms have great amount strains. The most dangerous among them is Staphylococcus aureus. However, other types are no less dangerous. They differ to varying degrees intensity. As soon as the body's defenses are weakened, infection, if ingested, can lead to a serious pathological process.

The danger of the disease lies in the fact that the pathogen produces a huge amount of toxic substances that are destructive to the entire body.

The pathogen can lead to severe pathologies, one of which is sepsis. In addition, it has a detrimental effect on nervous system, brain, leads to the formation of purulent neoplasms.

Staphylococcus

Infection very often occurs after suffering from various pathological conditions, when the body is weak and unable to resist. It is worth noting the phenomenal resistance of microorganisms to external influences. They have also adapted to different types antibacterial drugs.

Every modern man You must know how staphylococcus is transmitted between people in order to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Transfer Features

The infection has the ability to penetrate through the skin and mucous membranes. The route of spread is airborne droplets or dust. When the agent penetrates the blood, it means that the pest has managed to overcome the protective barriers.

Who is at risk:

People suffering from the disorder carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes.
Persons with weakened immune systems.
Patients after injuries and operations.
Children and elderly people.
Women in position.
Breastfeeding period.

No one is immune from terrible infection. But not everyone gets staphylococcus activated and harms health, causing pathological conditions. There are a lot of people in the world who are passive carriers.

In medicine, there are three main routes of transmission of staphylococcus:

Contact.
Air.
Nutritional.

Let's look at each of them separately.

Contact transmission method

When hitting fresh wounds the pathogen begins to provoke the development of purulent foci.

Often infection occurs during surgical interventions, as well as various manipulations that require the use of devices, in contact with internal environment human body:

Hemodialysis.
Intravenous feeding of premature infants.
Artificial ventilation.

If instrumental study performed with non-sterile surgical instruments, infection occurs very often.

In hospitals and clinics, the pathogen can enter the body through unsterilely cleaned instruments

Even with a piercing, you can get infected. Getting tattoos is also dangerous. The risk category includes drug addicts.

In hospitals and clinics, the pathogen can enter a fresh wound from medical workers due to improper hand cleaning.

If the immune system is strong, then the inflammatory process in the affected areas is somewhat slowed down.

It is worth noting that children are especially susceptible to infection. They become infected while playing in sandboxes, or through contact with dirty toys.

Air (aerogenic) path

As is known, microorganisms live on the mucous membranes of the mouth and nasopharynx and leave their “carriers” along with the exhaled air. If you come into contact with an infected person, you may also become infected through communication by air. The trigger mechanism is weak immunity, cracks and skin lesions, small pathological lesions.

IN severe cases, for example, with AIDS, infection in the lungs can be fatal.

Nutritional method

Infection often occurs through consumption different products nutrition. There the pathogen spreads, producing harmful substances. If you eat such food, the patient will become infected and poisoned.

Infants become infected through passing birth canal mother. Often the pathogen enters the body through cracks in the nipples of a woman who is breastfeeding.

How to find out if you are infected

Manifestations depend on which specific organ was affected. The stage of severity is influenced by the aggression of the pathogen and the state of the immune system.

Main complaints:

Purulent-inflammatory processes.
Gastrointestinal tract disorder.
Rashes in the form of ulcers, carbuncles, pimples.
Purulent mastitis of the breast.

Staphylococcal lesions of the mucous membrane

When an infection penetrates the nasopharyngeal mucosa, tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis and other diseases of the ENT organs may occur.

If the pathogen enters the respiratory tract, especially of young children, this leads to the development of severe forms of pneumonia.

When it gets into the bones, osteomyelitis develops and so on.

General signs of infection:

Increase in temperature indicators.
Redness in areas of inflammation.
Swelling.
Pain.
Functional disorders of organs.

The rise in temperature is caused by the outflow of blood to the pathological area. This causes vasodilation and a decrease in blood flow in the veins.

All these symptoms arise as a defensive reaction to the introduction of a foreign agent.

Similar manifestations are observed in adults. Children and the elderly may show other signs.

Therapeutic measures

The task is not easy. The most important thing is to find out whether the pathogen is resistant to a certain type of antibiotic. Use of bacteriophages and antibiotics wide range actions are the most popular techniques.

Before prescribing treatment, it is mandatory to perform a culture from the painful lesion to determine susceptibility to drugs. Then the specialist prescribes a combined examination, which includes taking immunomodulatory drugs that restore normal microflora.

The most important thing is to complete the course of therapy and follow all doctor’s recommendations.

Prevention measures

The answer to the question of whether staphylococcus is transmitted from person to person is clear - it is transmitted. Therefore, everyone should know about the important and the right measures preventing infection. Every year, microorganisms become more resistant to antibiotics and seriously harm health.

It is important to know! Staphylococcus is not afraid of freezing and ultraviolet radiation. The pathogen is sensitive to brilliant green and a 5% phenol solution.

Staphylococcus is not afraid of freezing and ultraviolet radiation

The following measures will help protect you from exposure to this terrible infection:

Strict adherence to hygienic principles.
Active lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced diet, no harm.
Prevention of respiratory viral infections during the season.
Timely treatment of caries and diseases genitourinary area, ENT organs.
Consumption of thermally processed foods.
Refusal of services from unverified establishments: tattoo parlors, manicures, etc.
Strict processing of medical instruments.
Timely contact with doctors at the first symptoms of damage.

Now you know whether you can become infected with staphylococcus from a person. Be attentive to own health and the health of those close to you.

In contact with