Features of recovery after laparoscopy: rules and advice during the rehabilitation period. Diet after surgery

Any surgical operation - serious intervention into the body, and you should not expect that after it everything will be “the same as before.” Even if the surgeon who performed the operation is a real medical genius and everything went well, rehabilitation is necessary to restore the strength and functions of the body.

Rehabilitation after surgery: is it really necessary?

“Why do we need rehabilitation after surgery at all? Everything will heal, and the body will recover itself,” - this is, unfortunately, what many people in our country think. But it should be borne in mind that in a weakened body, the ability to self-heal is reduced. Some operations, in particular on the joints and spine, require mandatory rehabilitation measures, otherwise there is a risk that the person will never return to their usual way of life. In addition, without rehabilitation after surgery, there is a high risk of developing complications caused by prolonged immobility. And not only physical - such as muscle atrophy and bedsores, as well as pneumonia caused by congestion - but also psychological. A person who until recently could move and take care of himself finds himself confined to a hospital bed. This is very difficult situation, and the task of rehabilitation is to return to the person and wellness, and mental comfort.

Modern rehabilitation involves not only the restoration motor functions, but also pain relief.

Stages, timing and methods of postoperative rehabilitation

When should postoperative rehabilitation begin? The answer is simple - the sooner the better. In fact, effective rehabilitation should begin immediately after the end of the operation and continue until an acceptable result is achieved.

The first stage of rehabilitation after surgery called immobilization. It lasts from the moment the operation is completed until the cast or stitches are removed. The duration of this period depends on what kind of surgical intervention the person underwent, but usually does not exceed 10–14 days. At this stage, rehabilitation measures include breathing exercises for the prevention of pneumonia, preparing the patient for physical therapy exercises and the exercises themselves. As a rule, they are very simple and at first represent only weak muscle contractions, but as the condition improves, the exercises become more complex.

From 3–4 days after surgery, physiotherapy is indicated - UHF therapy, electrical stimulation and other methods.

Second phase , post-immobilization, begins after removal of the cast or sutures and lasts up to 3 months. Now great attention Focused on increasing range of motion, strengthening muscles, and reducing pain. The basis of rehabilitation measures during this period are physiotherapy and physical therapy.

Post-immobilization period divided into two stages: inpatient and outpatient . This is due to the fact that rehabilitation measures must be continued after discharge from the hospital.

Stationary stage involves intensive recovery measures, as the patient must leave the hospital as soon as possible. At this stage in rehabilitation complex includes physical therapy, classes on special simulators, and, if possible, exercises in the pool, as well as independent studies in the ward. Physiotherapy also plays an important role, especially its varieties such as massage, electrophoresis, and ultrasound treatment (UVT).

Outpatient stage is also necessary, because without maintaining the achieved results they will quickly fade away. Typically this period lasts from 3 months to 3 years. On an outpatient basis, patients continue physical therapy exercises in sanatoriums and dispensaries, outpatient physical therapy rooms, medical physical education clinics, as well as at home. Medical monitoring of patients' condition is carried out twice a year.

Features of patient recovery after various types of medical procedures

Abdominal surgery

Like all bedridden patients, patients after abdominal surgery must perform breathing exercises for the prevention of pneumonia, especially in cases where the period of forced immobility is prolonged. Physical therapy after surgery is first carried out in a lying position, and only after the stitches begin to heal does the doctor allow you to perform exercises in a sitting and standing position.

Physiotherapy is also prescribed, in particular, UHF therapy, laser therapy, magnetic therapy, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis.

After abdominal operations, patients are advised to follow a special gentle diet, especially if the operation was performed on the gastrointestinal tract. Patients should wear supportive underwear and bandages, this will help the muscles quickly restore tone.

Joint surgeries

The early postoperative period during surgical manipulation of the joints includes exercise therapy and exercises that reduce the risk of complications from the respiratory and of cardio-vascular system, as well as stimulation of peripheral blood flow in the limbs and improvement of mobility in the operated joint.

After this, strengthening the muscles of the limbs and restoring the normal pattern of movement (and in cases where this is impossible, developing a new one that takes into account changes in condition) comes to the fore. At this stage, in addition to physical education, methods of mechanotherapy, training on simulators, massage, and reflexology are used.

After discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to maintain the result with the help of regular exercises and conduct classes to adapt to normal daily physical activity (ergotherapy).

Femoral neck endoprosthetics

Despite the seriousness of the operation, recovery from femoral neck replacement is usually relatively quick. On early stages the patient needs to perform exercises that will strengthen the muscles around the new joint and restore its mobility, and also prevent blood clots from forming. Rehabilitation after hip replacement also includes learning new motor skills - the doctor will show you how to sit down, stand up and bend over correctly, and how to perform normal everyday movements without the risk of injuring your hip. Great importance have exercise therapy classes in the pool. Water allows you to move freely and eases the load on the operated hip. It is very important not to stop the rehabilitation course prematurely - in the case of hip surgeries this is especially dangerous. Often people, feeling that they can move around calmly without outside help, quit classes. But weak muscles quickly weaken, and this increases the risk of falling and injury, after which everything will have to start all over again.

Medical rehabilitation is not a new idea. Also in Ancient Egypt healers used some occupational therapy techniques to speed up the recovery of their patients. Doctors of ancient Greece and Rome also used physical education and massage in treatment. The founder of medicine, Hippocrates, wrote the following saying: “A doctor must be experienced in many things and, by the way, in massage.”

Heart surgery

Such operations are a real miracle modern medicine. But speedy recovery after such an intervention depends not only on the skill of the surgeon, but also on the patient himself and his responsible attitude towards his health. Yes, heart surgery does not limit mobility as much as surgical manipulation of the joints or spine, but this does not mean that restorative treatment can be neglected. Without it, patients often suffer from depression and their vision deteriorates due to swelling of the eye structures. Statistics show that every third patient is not completed course rehabilitation, soon finds himself on the operating table again.

The rehabilitation program after heart surgery necessarily includes diet therapy. Patients are prescribed dosed cardio exercises under the supervision of a doctor and physical therapy, exercises in the pool (six months after surgery), balneotherapy and circular showers, massage and hardware physiotherapy. An important part of the rehabilitation program is psychotherapy, both group and individual.

Is it possible to carry out rehabilitation at home? Experts believe not. It's simply impossible to organize everything at home. necessary measures. Of course, the patient can perform the simplest exercises without the supervision of a doctor, but what about physiotherapeutic procedures, training on exercise machines, medicinal baths, massage, psychological support and others necessary measures? In addition, at home, both the patient and his family often forget about the need for systematic rehabilitation. Therefore, restoration should take place in special institution- sanatorium or rehabilitation center.

The need for general anesthesia during surgery is obvious. However, this effect on the body does not pass without a trace and may be accompanied by complications. varying degrees gravity. In each case, the speed of recovery after surgery depends not only on the doctors, but also on the patient himself. undergone surgery. To ensure that the effects of anesthesia do not have long-term and negative influence, you should pay attention to nutrition. The patient needs to remember that no matter how well he feels, he should only eat and drink what the doctor allows.

After surgery, you must listen to the doctor’s recommendations and follow a diet.

After the operation, which was performed under general anesthesia, the human body is restored based on factors such as age, type of operation, heredity, general indicators health conditions, availability chronic diseases. So, if surgical intervention was long and complex, then, consequently, the patient was in an unconscious state for a long time. In each case, anesthetic drugs or their combination, as well as the dose and method of anesthesia, are selected strictly individually. Therefore, nutrition in the postoperative period may have varying degrees restrictions for different patients.

A diet after surgery is needed because patients often develop acute shortage vitamins, protein, as well as dehydration and a tendency to acidosis. Following recommendations regarding what you can eat and drink in the first few hours and even days after general anesthesia will provide the body with important metabolic adjustments.

Thanks to reasonable approach On the issue of nutrition, the patient’s body receives the energy necessary for healing the wound (surgical) and as many nutrients as it needs for its physiological needs. If the surgical intervention involved the organs of the esophagus or intestines, a more strict and gentle diet is prescribed.

The body needs healthy food to restore itself.

In any case, the first days after anesthesia, it is strictly forbidden to consume such foods as:

whole milk;
drinks containing gas;
vegetable fiber;
concentrated syrups with sugar.

Nutritional Features

During surgery on the esophagus, stomach or intestines, you should not drink water or eat food orally (by mouth) for the first 2–4 days. During this period the patient is shown isotonic solution NaCl (sodium chloride) and glucose solution (5%), "tube feeding" can be used. After this period, the patient is shown a gentle diet, which gradually becomes stricter:

at first only liquid food(2-4 days);
then semi-liquid dishes are introduced into the diet;
pureed food is gradually being introduced.

Immediately after surgery, the patient is allowed only liquid food

After general anesthesia, a diet is required, even if the operation was simple and lasted less than half an hour. If the anesthesiologist has not prescribed stricter nutrition, you can drink water no earlier than an hour after anesthesia. At first, the patient is allowed to take only a few sips of clean, plain water. Water must be filtered, bottled or boiled and always at room temperature. If fluid tolerance is good, the amount of water drunk at one time is gradually increased. 5 hours after anesthesia, in the absence of nausea, vomiting, or bloating, you can eat light food.

After surgery, unless otherwise recommended by the attending physician, the following diet is allowed:

white meat poultry broths (turkey, chicken);
low-fat pureed soups;
jelly;
low-fat yoghurts;
mousses;
boiled rice porridge.

After anesthesia, you can eat and drink only in small portions, but often (up to 7 times a day). The doctor decides how long the patient should adhere to a gentle diet, based on the complexity of the operation and the nature of the digestive system sick.

Recovery after anesthesia

After surgery, with a decrease in the effect of anesthetics, the body gradually restores its functions. Some patients recover from anesthesia easily, without discomfort and disorientation, while others experience pain varying intensity, nausea and confusion. It is impossible to predict how the patient will feel after the operation, so in each case the choice of diet is individual.

The duration and severity of the diet depends on the human body

Side effects of anesthesia sometimes persist for a long time even with mild forms of surgery. However, the patient needs to drink fluids and eat, as the body needs nutrients to heal. You can get support for the first time artificially(through a tube or a drip), but the faster the patient begins to eat on his own, the faster his brain begins to positively tune in to recovery. Therefore, in the absence of other recommendations, no later than 2 hours after emerging from anesthesia, you should take a few sips of water.

You can drink water in the first hours after surgery in small portions at intervals of 20-30 minutes. If the water is well tolerated, even if there is some discomfort, you can eat a spoonful of broth. When recovering from anesthesia, muscle control and even coordination of movements are often uncontrollable during the first day, so the patient requires constant monitoring and care. Health workers should be with the patient 24 hours a day to provide care and feeding.

In some cases, the patient's relatives can care for him after anesthesia. The decision about this is made by the attending physician. However, the patient’s relatives are strictly forbidden to give him liquids to drink or eat anything without the doctor’s permission.

Solid food after anesthesia

Food products such as meat, mushrooms, fish, vegetables in wide range, necessary for everyone to the human body for full functioning. Introduce them into the diet of a patient who has had surgery General anesthesia is required. This should be done as carefully and individually as possible. Each patient is a special case and requires a competent approach and support from specialists, both before and after the operation.

At the end of the first week after surgery, you can try introducing solid foods into your diet.

Already during the first week after surgery, most patients are recommended to gradually introduce solid food into the diet, the amount of which can initially be limited to 30-50 g per day. Expanding your diet helps normalize your work gastrointestinal tract. From the psychological side, a patient who can calmly chew, for example, a piece boiled fish or meat, in the absence of nausea and vomiting, as well as problems with peristalsis, begins to better believe in his recovery.

The main rule for all people who have recently undergone complete anesthesia is frequent meals in small portions. In addition, during the first weeks after anesthesia, it is strictly forbidden to eat fried, spicy, salty, smoked food and canned food. All food and drink must be freshly prepared and warm.

After any surgical intervention the patient cannot just go and immediately return to normal life. The reason is simple - the body needs to get used to new anatomical and physiological relationships (after all, as a result of the operation, the anatomy and relative position of organs, as well as their physiological activity, were changed).

A special case – organ surgery abdominal cavity, in the first days after which the patient must especially strictly adhere to the instructions of the attending physician (in some cases, and related specialist consultants). Why does a patient need a certain regimen and diet after abdominal surgery? Why can’t you just go back to your old way of life instantly?

Mechanical factors that have a negative effect during surgery

The postoperative period is considered to be a period of time that lasts from the moment the surgical intervention is completed (the patient was taken from the operating room to the ward) until the disappearance of temporary disorders (inconveniences) that were provoked by the surgical injury.

Let's consider what happens during surgery, and how these processes affect postoperative condition the patient – and therefore his regimen.

Normally, a typical condition for any organ of the abdominal cavity is:

lie calmly in your rightful place;
be in contact exclusively with neighboring organs, who also take their rightful place;
carry out tasks prescribed by nature.

During surgery, the stability of this system is disrupted. Whether removing an inflamed one, suturing a perforated one, or “repairing” an injured intestine, the surgeon cannot work only with the organ that is sick and requires repair. During surgery, the operating doctor is constantly in contact with other organs of the abdominal cavity: touching them with his hands and surgical instruments, moving them away, moving them. Even if such trauma is minimized as much as possible, even the slightest contact of the surgeon and his assistants with the internal organs is not physiological for the organs and tissues.

The mesentery is characterized by particular sensitivity - a thin connective tissue film by which the abdominal organs are connected to the inner surface of the abdominal wall and through which nerve branches and blood vessels. Trauma to the mesentery during surgery can lead to painful shock (despite the fact that the patient is in a state of medicated sleep and does not respond to irritation of its tissues). The expression “Pull the mesentery” in surgical slang has even acquired a figurative meaning - it means to cause significant inconvenience, cause suffering and pain (not only physical, but also moral).

Chemical factors that have a negative effect during surgery

Another factor on which the patient’s condition after surgery depends is medications, used by anesthesiologists during operations to provide. In most cases, abdominal operations on the abdominal organs are performed under anesthesia, a little less often - under spinal anesthesia.

At anesthesia Substances are injected into the bloodstream, the purpose of which is to induce a state of drug-induced sleep and relax the anterior abdominal wall so that it is convenient for surgeons to operate. But in addition to this valuable property for the operating team, such drugs also have “cons” ( side properties). First of all, this is a depressive (depressing) effect on:

central nervous system;
intestinal muscle fibers;
muscle fibers Bladder.

Anesthetics that are administered during spinal anesthesia, act locally, without inhibiting the central nervous system, intestines and bladder - but their influence extends to a certain area spinal cord and those departing from him nerve endings who need some time to “get rid” of the effects of anesthetics and return to their previous physiological state and provide innervation to organs and tissues.

Postoperative changes in the intestines

As a result of the action medicines, which anesthesiologists administered during surgery to provide anesthesia, the patient’s intestines stop working:

muscle fibers do not provide peristalsis (normal contraction of the intestinal wall, as a result of which food masses move towards the anus);
on the part of the mucous membrane, the secretion of mucus is inhibited, which facilitates the passage of food masses through the intestines;
the anus is spasmodic.

As a result - gastrointestinal tract after abdominal surgery seems to freeze. If at this moment the patient takes even a small amount of food or liquid, it will immediately be pushed out of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of a reflex.

Due to the fact that the drugs that caused short-term intestinal paresis will be eliminated (will leave) from the bloodstream in a few days, normal passage will resume nerve impulses By nerve fibers the intestinal walls, and it will start working again. Normally, intestinal function resumes on its own, without external stimulation. In the vast majority of cases, this occurs 2-3 days after surgery. Timing may depend on:

volume of the operation (how widely organs and tissues were involved in it);
its duration;
degree of intestinal injury during surgery.

A signal that the intestines have resumed is the release of gases from the patient. This is very important point, indicating that the intestines have coped with the stress of surgery. It’s not for nothing that surgeons jokingly call passing gas the best postoperative music.

Postoperative changes in the central nervous system

Drugs administered to provide anesthesia are completely eliminated from the bloodstream after some time. However, during their stay in the body they manage to influence the structures of the central nervous system, affecting its tissues and inhibiting the passage of nerve impulses through neurons. As a result, a number of patients experience disorders of the central nervous system after surgery. The most common:

sleep disturbance (the patient has difficulty falling asleep, sleeps lightly, wakes up from exposure to the slightest irritant);
tearfulness;
depressed state;
irritability;
violations from the outside (forgetting persons, events in the past, small parts some facts).

Postoperative changes in the skin

After surgery, the patient is forced to remain in a supine position for some time. In those places where bone structures covered with skin with virtually no layer of soft tissue between them, the bone presses on the skin, causing disruption of its blood supply and innervation. As a result, necrosis occurs at the point of pressure skin- so called . In particular, they are formed in such areas of the body as:

Postoperative changes in the respiratory system

Often large abdominal operations are performed under endotracheal anesthesia. For this purpose, the patient is intubated - that is, in the upper Airways an endotracheal tube connected to the device is inserted artificial respiration. Even with careful insertion, the tube irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, making it sensitive to the infectious agent. Another negative aspect of mechanical ventilation ( artificial ventilation lungs) during surgery - some imperfection in dosing the gas mixture coming from ventilator into the respiratory tract, and also the fact that normally a person does not breathe such a mixture.

In addition to factors that negatively affect the respiratory system: after surgery, excursion (movements) chest not yet full-fledged, which leads to congestion in the lungs. All these factors together can provoke the occurrence of postoperative pain.

Postoperative changes in blood vessels

Patients who suffered from vascular and blood diseases are prone to formation and tearing in the postoperative period. This is facilitated by a change in blood rheology (its physical properties), which is observed in the postoperative period. A contributing factor is also that the patient is in a supine position for some time, and then begins to motor activity- sometimes abruptly, as a result of which an existing blood clot may break off. They are mainly susceptible to thrombotic changes in the postoperative period.

Postoperative changes in the genitourinary system

Often after abdominal surgery, the patient is unable to urinate. There are several reasons:

paresis muscle fibers the walls of the bladder due to the effect on them of drugs that were administered during surgery to ensure medicated sleep;
spasm of the bladder sphincter for the same reasons;
difficulty urinating due to the fact that this is done in an unusual and unsuitable position for this - lying down.

Diet after abdominal surgery

Until the intestines have started working, the patient cannot eat or drink. Thirst is relieved by applying a piece of cotton wool or a piece of gauze moistened with water to the lips. In the vast majority of cases, intestinal function resumes on its own. If the process is difficult, drugs that stimulate peristalsis (Prozerin) are administered. From the moment peristalsis resumes, the patient can take water and food - but you need to start with small portions. If gases have accumulated in the intestines, but cannot escape, a gas outlet tube is installed.

The first dish that is given to the patient after the resumption of peristalsis is a lean thin soup with a very small amount of boiled cereals that do not provoke gas formation (buckwheat, rice), and mashed potatoes. The first meal should be two to three tablespoons. After half an hour, if the body has not rejected the food, you can give two or three more spoons - and so on, up to 5-6 doses. small quantity food per day. The first meals are aimed not so much at satisfying hunger, but at “accustoming” the gastrointestinal tract to its traditional work.

You should not force the work of the gastrointestinal tract - let better patient will be hungry. Even when the intestines have started working, a hasty expansion of the diet and the load on the gastrointestinal tract can lead to the fact that the stomach and intestines cannot cope, this will cause, due to the concussion of the anterior abdominal wall, a negative impact on the postoperative wound . The diet is gradually expanded in the following sequence:

lean soups;
mashed potatoes;
creamy porridges;
soft-boiled egg;
soaked white bread crackers;
vegetables cooked and pureed until pureed;
steam cutlets;
unsweetened tea.

fat;
acute;
salty;
sour;
fried;
sweet;
fiber;
legumes;
coffee;
alcohol.

Postoperative measures related to the work of the central nervous system

Changes in the central nervous system due to the use of anesthesia can disappear on their own in the period from 3 to 6 months after surgery. More long-term violations require consultation with a neurologist and neurological treatment (often outpatient, under the supervision of a doctor). Non-specialized events are:

maintaining a friendly, calm, optimistic atmosphere around the patient;
vitamin therapy;
non-standard methods – dolphin therapy, art therapy, hippotherapy ( beneficial influence communication with horses).

Prevention of bedsores after surgery

In the postoperative period, it is easier to prevent than to cure. Preventive measures should be carried out from the very first minute the patient is in a supine position. This:

rubbing risk areas with alcohol (it must be diluted with water so as not to cause burns);
circles for those places that are prone to bedsores (sacrum, elbow joints, heels), so that the risk areas seem to be in limbo - as a result of this bone fragments will not put pressure on areas of the skin;
massaging tissues in risk areas to improve their blood supply and innervation, and therefore trophism (local nutrition);
vitamin therapy.

If bedsores do occur, they are dealt with using:

drying agents (diamond green);
drugs that improve tissue trophism;
wound healing ointments, gels and creams (panthenol type);
(to prevent infection).

Postoperative prevention

The most important prevention stagnation in the lungs – early activity:

getting out of bed early if possible;
regular walks (short but frequent);
gymnastics.

If due to circumstances (large volume of surgery, slow healing of a postoperative wound, fear of a postoperative hernia) the patient is forced to remain in a supine position, measures are taken to prevent congestion in the respiratory organs:

Prevention of thrombus formation and blood clot separation

Before surgery, elderly patients or those who suffer from vascular diseases or changes in the blood coagulation system are carefully examined - they are given:

rheovasography;
determination of prothrombin index.

During surgery, as well as in the postoperative period, the legs of such patients are carefully bandaged. During bed rest lower limbs should be in an elevated position (at an angle of 20-30 degrees to the plane of the bed). Antithrombotic therapy is also used. Its course is prescribed before surgery and continues in the postoperative period.

Measures aimed at restoring normal urination

If in the postoperative period the patient cannot urinate, they resort to the good old reliable method of stimulating urination - the sound of water. To do this, simply open water tap in the room so that water comes out of it. Some patients, having heard about the method, begin to talk about the dense shamanism of doctors - in fact, these are not miracles, but just a reflex response of the bladder.

In cases where the method does not help, bladder catheterization is performed.

After surgery on the abdominal organs, the patient is in a supine position in the first days. The time frame in which he can get out of bed and start walking is strictly individual and depends on:

volume of operation;
its duration;
patient's age;
his general condition;
presence of concomitant diseases.

After uncomplicated and non-volume operations (hernia repair, appendectomy, etc.), patients can get up as early as 2-3 days after surgery. Volumetric surgical interventions (for a breakthrough ulcer, removal of an injured spleen, suturing of intestinal injuries, etc.) require a longer period of lying down for at least 5-6 days - first the patient may be allowed to sit in bed with his legs dangling, then stand and only then start taking the first steps.

To avoid occurrence postoperative hernias It is recommended to wear a bandage for patients:

with a weak anterior abdominal wall(in particular, with untrained muscles, sagging muscle corset);
obese;
aged;
those who have already been operated on for hernias;
women who have recently given birth.

Due attention should be paid to personal hygiene, water procedures, ventilation of the room. Weakened patients who have been allowed to get out of bed, but find it difficult to do so, are taken to Fresh air in strollers.

In the early postoperative period, in the area of the postoperative wound, intense pain. They are stopped (relieved) with painkillers. It is not recommended for the patient to endure pain - pain impulses overstimulate the central nervous system and deplete it, which can lead to a variety of neurological diseases in the future (especially in old age).

After surgery, the diet should be as gentle as possible for the digestive organs, and, at the same time, provide the weakened body with all the necessary nutrients. After surgery, a patient needs complete rest - the body requires strength for further recovery and normal functioning.

What should be the diet after surgery?

The diet after surgery depends, first of all, on which organs the surgery was performed on. Based on this, the patient’s entire future diet and diet is built.

However, there are general rules postoperative nutrition, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the body of operated patients (weakness of the gastrointestinal tract, increased need in proteins, vitamins and microelements). These recommendations are basic and are used for all diets after surgery:

Gentle food. Due to the fact that after operations the load on the digestive organs is undesirable (and, in many cases, impossible), meals should be liquid, semi-liquid, jelly-like or creamy, ground consistency, especially on the second or third day after surgery. Eating solid food is contraindicated;
The first day after surgery, it is recommended to drink only: mineral water without gas, ordinary boiled water;
As the patient recovers, the diet after surgery is expanded - thicker foods are introduced and some foods are added.

Diet after surgery for the first 3 days

What should be the diet in the first few days after surgery? Let us dwell on this issue in more detail, since nutrition in the first postoperative period is the most difficult.

After the operation, the patient's diet for the first 2-3 days consists only of liquid or pureed foods. The optimal food temperature is no higher than 45°C. The patient is given food 7-8 times a day.

There are clear therapeutic instructions for eating dishes: what is possible and what is not allowed during a diet after surgery is indicated quite precisely in them.

What you can do on a diet after surgery (the first few days):

Diluted low-fat meat broths;
Mucous decoctions with the addition of cream;
Rice water with butter;
Rosehip decoction with honey or sugar;
Strained fruit compotes;
Diluted juices 1:3, a third of a glass per meal;
Liquid jelly;
On the third day, you can introduce one soft-boiled egg into your diet after surgery.

What not to do when dieting after surgery:

The diet after surgery excludes carbonated drinks, whole milk, sour cream, grape juice, vegetable juices, rough and solid food.

Example of a diet menu after surgery for the first 3 days

Warm tea with sugar – 100ml, thin berry jelly – 100g;

Every two hours:

Strained apple compote – 150-200ml;
Low-fat meat broth – 200g;
Rosehip decoction – 150ml, jelly – 120g;
Warm tea with sugar and lemon – 150-200ml;
Slimy cereal decoction with cream – 150-180ml, fruit jelly– 150g;
Rosehip decoction – 180-200ml;
Strained compote – 180ml.

After an initial gentle diet after surgery, a transitional restorative diet is prescribed, aimed at a gradual transition to a full-fledged diet.

What is possible and what is not allowed in the diet after surgery on days 4.5 and 6

After the first three postoperative days, liquid or pureed porridge from buckwheat, rice or oatmeal. It is allowed to eat cereal mucous soups and meat broths with the addition of semolina, and steam omelettes. You can expand your diet with steamed meat or fish soufflé, sweet mousses and milk cream.

Avoid eating foods that are too dense and dry, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables (due to high content fiber, which stimulates stomach contractions).

In the following days and until the end recovery period steamed cottage cheese dishes are added to the diet menu after surgery, baked apples, vegetable and fruit purees, fermented milk liquid products(kefir, fermented baked milk).

Diet after appendicitis

The recovery period after surgery to remove appendicitis is about two weeks. All this time, you should adhere to a special diet, which in the first days will help the body recover and gain strength, and in the subsequent days will allow you to eat well without putting stress on the weakened gastrointestinal tract.

In the first 12 hours after surgery, eating is prohibited, but there is usually no appetite during this time. Further, for 3-4 days, the diet after appendicitis recommends eating the following dishes:

Low-fat broths;
Rosehip decoction with sugar;
Black tea with sugar;
Rice water;
Jelly, diluted 1:2 fruit juices, jelly.

The diet after appendicitis requires avoiding whole milk and any solid food for the first 3 days.

On the 4th day of the diet after surgery to remove the appendix, fresh soft fruits (bananas, peaches, grapes, persimmons) and vegetables (tomato, cucumber) are introduced into the diet. To replenish a weakened body with protein, prepare steamed dishes from cottage cheese (soufflés, casseroles), boiled meat and fish. Useful to include in diet after appendicitis dairy products(kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt), boiled or vegetable stew(zucchini, cabbage, eggplant), butter, low-fat cream.

Products that are contraindicated in the diet after appendicitis:

Carbonated mineral and sweet water;
Rich meat broths;
Dough products, white bread;
Canned and smoked foods;
Hot spices and seasonings;
Cakes, cookies, sweets.

The diet after surgery is based on the principle fractional meals– you need to eat often, in small portions. You cannot wash down your food with water or tea; you need to wait an hour and a half so that the food begins to be absorbed and does not stick together into a lump from the incoming liquid.

Important points of diet after surgery

During surgery on the esophagus or other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, eating food by mouth is prohibited for the first 2-3 days - feeding is done through a tube. Further, the diet after surgery follows the usual scenario.

A common problem after surgery is difficulty in natural bowel movements. Constipation can be caused by post-operative adhesions or scars, weak activity stomach after an abundance of pureed dishes, general weakness of the body.

In this case, you should include in the diet menu after surgery foods that enhance intestinal motility (unless a doctor prohibits it): kefir, softened prunes, grated raw carrots and an apple.

Recovery after abdominal surgery

A person feels especially difficult after abdominal surgery, for example, hernia reduction, intestinal or gastric resection, or hysterectomy. Any operation is accompanied by a violation of tissue integrity and interference with work internal organs. The body can react to this in different ways. Period postoperative recovery can last no more than a month, the person quickly returns to his usual lifestyle.

This is facilitated by following all the recommendations of the attending physician. However, it also happens that surgical intervention leads to the development various complications. , pain syndrome and inflammation are the most common consequences. Their appearance may be caused by the addition of a bacterial infection during the wound healing period. Improper suture care prolongs recovery after surgery.

Any possible occurrence purulent discharge from the scar. This process is accompanied painful sensations, itching and redness of the skin of the affected area. When the hernia is repaired, reoccurrence may occur. The risk is reduced when making the right choice method of surgical intervention. When the wound suppurates, the postoperative period is prolonged. The patient will have to visit the clinic more often to change the bandage and treat the wound. The choice of type of anesthesia also influences a person’s condition after surgery. When setting local anesthesia the person feels much better, and after 2-3 days he can return home.

If surgery was performed under general anesthesia, the body’s condition begins to improve only after 24-48 hours. Hospital treatment lasts 7-10 days, after which the patient can return to normal conditions. During this period, he must avoid any stress, observe bed rest and eat right. Within a month after discharge, you must visit your doctor at least once a week. Performing any exercises in the early postoperative period is prohibited. However, postponing this question until long time also not worth it. It is moderate physical activity that helps strengthen muscle tissue.

After abdominal surgery, the doctor may recommend wearing a special bandage. This is not considered mandatory, but during physical activity it helps prevent the seam from coming apart. Mandatory proper nutrition. Special diet aimed at restoring intestinal functions, preventing the development of constipation or diarrhea. It is recommended to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions. The diet must include foods rich in proteins:

chicken meat;
low-fat cottage cheese;
fish;

You should avoid lifting heavy objects for a month. Moderate physical activity can be introduced into the daily routine no earlier than 2 months after surgery, from severe physical labor you need to give up for six months. However, it is not recommended to lie down all the time - it is necessary, if possible, to start moving as early as possible.

Recovery after laparoscopy

Rehabilitation after surgery in this case is shorter. Sometimes the patient can go home the same day. Temperature after surgery, abdominal pain and puncture areas are quite normal for the early recovery period. Analgesics are prescribed to relieve discomfort. In some cases, nausea, bloating, general weakness after operation. To eliminate these phenomena, drugs based on simethicone are prescribed. Usually, unpleasant signs disappear 2-3 days after surgery.

Since during laparoscopy the incisions have small sizes, they heal much earlier than scars after abdominal surgery. Complications are extremely rare. Stitches are removed after 10-14 days, sometimes earlier. In the first months, small bright pink scars are visible at the puncture site, which lighten over time. It is not recommended to eat food on the first day; it is allowed to eat pure drinking water. Nutrition after surgery begins with easily digestible foods: low-fat kefir, crackers, chicken broth, boiled meat and fish. In the first weeks after laparoscopy, it is recommended to refrain from physical activity. Returning to your normal lifestyle should be gradual.

Rehabilitation after endoprosthetics

The rehabilitation period after such an operation begins from the moment you emerge from anesthesia. Inpatient treatment lasts 2-5 days, further rehabilitation depends on many factors:

Serious consequences after endoprosthetics rarely develop. Accession bacterial infections observed in 2% of cases. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities occurs somewhat more often.

On the 1st day after surgery, the doctor gives instructions regarding precautions. Begin performing exercises that do not involve taking a sitting or standing position. You can start sitting up on the bed. You can sit on a chair only with assistance; walking is not recommended. Day 2 will be eventful. The patient must learn new exercises aimed at developing the joint. You can sit down and stand up only under the supervision of a doctor. You can walk with the help of crutches.

On the 3rd day the patient begins to perform the most simple exercises, begins to sit on the edge of the bed without assistance and move independently without the use of crutches. Physiotherapeutic procedures are an important part of rehabilitation after endoprosthetics. They are aimed at preventing the destruction of bone tissue and teaching the patient how to use the new joint. The physiotherapist should tell him what positions he needs to sit and lie in, and what loads the prosthesis can withstand. Massage after surgery allows you to restore blood supply and tissue nutrition.

After discharge, the rehabilitation process continues at home. During this time, the following rules must be observed:

the skin in the joint area should be dry and clean;
It is recommended to change dressings no later established by a doctor deadlines.

If the sutures have not been removed before discharge from the hospital, it is not recommended to take a bath. It should be limited warm shower. The healing process is monitored using x-rays. It is necessary to consult a doctor if the skin is red, discharge appears from the wound, or body temperature rises. Swelling in the area of the operated joint can persist for up to 6 months. If necessary, apply a heating pad with ice. There are no special dietary restrictions, but the patient must monitor his weight.