How to treat childhood poisoning. Artificially induce vomiting. What to do if signs of food poisoning appear in children

When a child complains of abdominal pain, any parent begins to worry. If all the signs point to poisoning, it is important to urgently help the little one. The pharmacological industry is replete with a huge range of drugs, so it’s not surprising what to offer a child in case of poisoning.

Make sure that the child really has poisoning, because the symptoms include encephalitis, meningitis, etc. The main signs of the disease are vomiting, loose stools, pallor, decreased number of urinations, apathy, and refusal to eat. Look in the medicine cabinet the following medications that will help your baby in case of poisoning:

“Mezim-Forte” or “Creon 10,000” will help cope with nausea;
For diarrhea, give “Primadofmlus”;
“Lactofiltrum” helps remove toxins from the body.

To get rid of the pathogenic environment in the intestines, give the child a solution of “Polysorb” in case of poisoning. Or activated carbon tablets to make them work faster - crush them. Do not use antidiarrheals because... by vomiting and loose stool the body is freed from infection. You should also not use a solution of potassium permanganate. Mucous gastrointestinal tract children are sensitive. A poorly mixed solution may contain particles of potassium permanganate, which can cause burns.

Fever speaks of the body's fight against a pathogenic infection. And yet, if the thermometer rises above 38°C, immediately bring it down. To do this, use Tsefekon rectal suppositories or rub the child’s body warm water. Monitor your temperature constantly as it can rise quickly. Be sure to give your child a lot to drink if he is poisoned, because... With vomit and feces, fluid and salts leave the body. This leads to dehydration, which has Negative consequences, even death. You should drink a lot, in small portions. Offer 20 ml of liquid to your baby every 15 minutes. It is recommended to drink if poisoned plain water, rosehip or rice decoction, water-salt solution"Regidron". If none of the suggested remedies turn up, prepare your own water-salt solution. Take 1 tsp. table salt and 1 tsp. baking soda. Add them to 1 liter warm water. Don't take it without a doctor's prescription medicines. As a rule, pediatricians prescribe to a child in case of poisoning antimicrobials, enterosorbents, as well as means for restoring intestinal microflora. Mainly:

“Smecta”;
“Enterofuril”;
"Linex";
"Motilium".

During the recovery period, the baby must follow a diet. If the child already serves himself independently, make sure that he does not find forbidden food in the refrigerator - baked goods, sweets, cabbage, beans. Limit your consumption of fermented milk products. Cook soups, cereals, light salads. If the child categorically refuses to eat, do not insist. Better suggest later.

Now you know what to give your child if he is poisoned. And in case of an unforeseen situation, you will be able to competently provide assistance.

Regardless of age, children can develop digestive disorders. They are not something exceptional and occur even when taking a common product. All because the immune system the child does not yet know how to cope with everything irritating factors. It is useful for parents to know how to treat poisoning in children at home.

Important! Those foods that an adult’s stomach treats completely calmly can cause severe poisoning. If signs of this condition appear, treatment measures should be taken immediately.

Symptoms

We can talk about treating poisoning at home in situations where it manifests itself in mild form. But, if the child is under five years old, then even with mild diarrhea you should consult a doctor. Often poisoning leads to dehydration of the child’s body, and this poses a serious danger.

In what situations is it necessary to consult a doctor:

diarrhea does not go away for two days;
stool is frequent and accompanied by vomiting. The vomit contains bile and blood;
against the background of diarrhea, the child becomes very dizzy, perspires, and is pale;
frequent and intermittent breathing, rapid heartbeat;
sharp and severe pain in the abdomen;
V stool there are impurities of blood and mucus;
the child is so weak that he cannot stand or sit independently;
muscle spasms of the limbs occur;
vision is impaired, spots appear before the eyes.

Important! Already half an hour after eating, the first signs of poisoning may appear. More often they occur within two hours. If symptoms appear later, then we're talking about not about food poisoning, but about bacterial or infectious poisoning.

Food poisoning in a child - Dr. Komarovsky (video)

The famous doctor Komarovsky says that with symptoms food poisoning you need to consult a doctor:

at elevated temperatures;
signs of food poisoning do not go away within 24 hours;
the child is less than 3 years old and the whole family is poisoned.

If less than half an hour has passed after taking an unsuitable product, you need to induce vomiting; if that doesn’t work, then drink activated charcoal. Do not let the child eat, but at the same time drink more water. Give the child Regidron solution. For fever you can take Paracetamol, Nurofen, Panadol.

First aid

The child must be put to bed and given plenty of water with the addition of a small amount of lemon juice. You can also drink weak tea with honey or sugar, still water. A lot of fluid is needed to prevent dehydration.

Important! You need to try to keep the temperature of the drink close to body temperature. This way the liquid is absorbed faster into the gastrointestinal tract.

You should call a doctor if the poisoning is severe or the child is under five years old. While you wait for the doctor, you can take activated charcoal. One tablet is calculated per 10 kg of weight. The drugs Enterosgel, Smecta, Atoxil are more effective. At painful sensations You can massage your stomach above your navel.

Medicines for poisoning

The main tablets for poisoning are sorbents. It is necessary to give 1 tablet of activated carbon per 10 kg of the child’s weight. There can be no overdose from coal, but it causes constipation. Therefore, if you gave required amount coal, and the child vomited it, you can give them again.

Needs to be restored intestinal microflora and alleviate the patient's condition:

Linex, Canadian yogurt, Acipol and other drugs containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
Festal, Mezim promotes the breakdown of proteins and fats in the body.
Relieves spasms in case of No-shpa poisoning.

Important! Provide first aid by rinsing the stomach, but do not self-medicate, call an ambulance.

Decoctions for soldering

What herbal decoctions will help:

chamomile;
Dill seeds;
Oak bark;
infusion of marshmallow roots;

Important! To prepare any type of decoction, you need to pour a tablespoon of raw material into a glass of boiling water, let it brew and cool slightly. You can add a little honey to improve the taste.

Ginger tea

Add a glass of boiling water to a tablespoon of ginger powder (or grated root). Leave until the tea is warm, add a small spoon of honey. Drink a tablespoon every hour.

If you have digestive problems, there is no need to force your child to eat. A restorative diet makes an important contribution to how to treat poisoning in children at home.

Effective folk recipes

Cinnamon tincture

Cinnamon helps relieve spasms, being a natural sorbent. You need to pour boiling water over half a teaspoon of cinnamon powder and stir. Leave for a quarter of an hour, then strain. Take warm in small sips. During the day you need to drink one and a half liters of tincture.

Dill with honey

This decoction will quickly remove toxins and alleviate vomiting, even to the point of complete relief. Honey will help preserve potassium, which is actively removed from the body during diarrhea. You need to pour a teaspoon of dill seeds into 400 ml of boiling water. Leave for a few minutes, boil for two minutes, add a small spoon of honey. Drink warm in the amount of a liter per day.

Lemon juice

Squeeze the juice from three lemons, dilute with water, add sugar or honey to taste. Drink in one gulp to stop the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. But this method of treatment is not suitable for increased acidity stomach, gastrointestinal diseases.

What will help in preventing food poisoning in children:

Teach your child to wash their hands before any meal.
Do not give your child unprocessed food.
Children should not use raw eggs, soft-boiled or fried eggs.
View and check expiration dates of products.
Opened dairy products must not be stored for more than a day, even in the refrigerator.
Do not store fish and meat with other products. The refrigerator should have separate shelves for animal food.
Wash fruits with soap and running water.
Drink only bottled water.
Do not store food in the room: hide all leftover food in the refrigerator.
Even sweets must be fresh.

Other poisonings in children

Separately, it is worth mentioning the poisoning of children with naphthyzine due to the fact that parents quite often use it to treat runny noses in children.

Symptoms of naphthysine poisoning

The first symptoms of an overdose are:

weakness, lethargy, loss of strength, moodiness;
headaches, pain and abdominal cramps;
nausea, vomiting, temperature below 36.6;
weak heartbeat, low blood pressure;
loss of appetite constant desire sleep;
the pupils become slightly smaller;
pallor, change skin(wet, cold skin).

All symptoms should be carefully monitored and first aid provided.

Naphthyzine poisoning - treatment

The first degree of poisoning does not require ambulance. In case of the second or third degree, it is necessary to call a medical team urgently. At the first signs of poisoning, you must:

make sure that the child does not lose consciousness;
give more water(boiled);
monitor breathing and heart rate;
cover the child with a warm blanket;
control your pulse.

In case of poisoning, an antidote is administered intravenously. This is an antidote, the effect of which depends on the exact identification of the substance (which became the cause) and how quickly help is provided. Only a doctor has the right to give it. But for Naphthyzin poisoning there is no antidote; the child is treated symptomatically. Call an ambulance. The wrong dose of the drug is fatal to the child. Calculate the dose depending on body weight.

Consequences of poisoning

An overdose of Naphthyzine leads to serious consequences if the symptoms that appear are not responded to in time. Cases of severe damage to the central nervous system, coma. Frequent cases side effects- this is poisoning. Do not leave the drug in a place accessible to children. Do not exceed the dose, the drug is addictive.

Gasoline poisoning in children

First of all, the child needs oxygen. Take him outside or open all the windows and doors indoors. Injections of Cititon, Cordiamin, and 5% glucose solution are given. It is necessary to do gastric lavage. It is recommended to take laxatives and give an enema.

Phenazepam poisoning

Phenazepam is contraindicated for use in children under 18 years of age. Of phenazepam poisoning, 20% of cases were recorded. The consequences of taking it lead to deafness, hallucinations, lethargy, spatial disorientation, and coma. If a child has been poisoned by phenazepam, it is necessary to give a liter of water to drink and induce vomiting, monitor breathing, blood pressure, and control the position of the tongue (to prevent retraction).

These are the main options and first methods of treating poisoning in a child at home. For small children, even case of lung poisoning, you should definitely call a doctor. Regardless of age, you need to be able to provide competent first aid to your child.

Poisoning in children is an acute infectious or toxic lesion that occurs as a result of eating low-quality foods that contain pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The first signs of poisoning: diarrhea, vomiting, fever, intoxication and dehydration.

Thanks to timely diagnosis You can find out a presumptive epidemiological history: you need to identify the pathogen in the blood, feces, vomit and samples of foods that the child has eaten over the past 24 hours.

To consolidate the effect of gastric lavage, you need to give the victim “Smecta” or activated charcoal. If after taking these drugs the child develops diarrhea, then it will be necessary to give warm drink and rehydration aids.

If your temperature suddenly rises, give an antipyretic. Don’t even think about giving antibiotics; it’s better to wait for the doctor and find out his opinion.

What to do if poisoning is detected in a 2-year-old child?

It is very difficult for those parents who discovered poisoning in their two-year-old child. At this age, the child cannot yet independently talk about what is bothering him, so several signs that the mother should pay attention to can indicate poisoning of a 2-year-old child:

drowsiness;
uncontrollable vomiting;
streaks of blood in the vomit;
dyspnea;
decreased amount of urine;
increased or decreased temperature;
dark color of urine.

All these signs should indicate to parents that their children are poisoned; the symptoms for each person, of course, will be different, but if you suddenly notice at least one of these signs, consult a doctor immediately. The age up to three years is the most difficult, and the course of the disease is very severe, because protective functions The body is not yet formed, and it cannot fight toxins on its own; it definitely needs help.

What to give a child if poisoned? Here main question, which worries many parents.

The first thing you need to do is an enema with cool water and sorbent. For one year old baby you need 70 ml of water, for a child 2 years old - 150, and so for each added year increase by 100 ml. Be sure to give activated carbon, calculated at 500 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Drink a lot of boiled water and give Oralit, Regidron or Humana Electrolyte solutions.

Diagnosis of poisoning

A pediatrician or a pediatric infectious disease specialist can diagnose poisoning in children. The diagnosis is facilitated by epidemiological history, typical picture indicates a group infection of people who have eaten the same product.

Special diagnostic tests will help to quickly isolate the pathogen from the culture of feces, vomit and gastric lavage. In cases where there is even the slightest suspicion of a generalized form, a blood culture is done.

If in children's institution If a massive toxicological infection is detected, then all employees of the institution are examined. Express methods are of auxiliary value.

Treatment of poisoning in children

We have already written above in the article what to give to a child in case of poisoning as soon as the first symptoms appear. But you also need to figure out how to treat this disease, because first aid will help alleviate the condition, but will not completely cure it.

Treatment of poisoning in a child begins with desoldering. Drinks should be given every 10 minutes; these can be glucose-saline solutions, compote, tea or 5% glucose solution.

If the baby has diarrhea, then you need to give Smecta, Polyphepan or Microsorb. If there is mucus, greens or blood in the stool, then in such cases an antibiotic is prescribed, but only this should be done by a doctor.

Mushroom poisoning

Very often, in many children, the cause of poisoning is mushrooms. In this case, every parent who knows what their child ate will be able to recognize the cause of poisoning.

If your child is breastfeeding, then you need to pause between feedings and start soldering boiled water. Once the condition improves, you can return to your normal feeding regimen. If your baby easy form, then you can provide help at home. Symptoms of this form: lethargy, pain in the abdomen and head.

But if botulism is detected, immediately go to the infectious diseases hospital, because untimely assistance can lead to fatal outcome. Only in medical institution will be able to administer anti-botulinum serum, which neutralizes the toxin.

Poisonous plants: poisoning

Very often, children, because of their ignorance, eat unknown grass or berries, and after this the child is poisoned. Vomiting is the first thing you need to induce in your child in order to remove as much toxin as possible from the body.

If you cannot induce vomiting, then try giving your child potassium permanganate. Try by any means to reduce the amount of toxin in the body. After this, go to the hospital or call a doctor at home so that he can prescribe treatment and diet.

Diet for poisoning

If suddenly, due to circumstances beyond our control, food poisoning occurs in a child, treatment - This is the main thing to do in the first minutes. But after that you also need to spare a few days children's body and keep him on a diet. After the symptoms have subsided a little, you will need to feed the baby. You shouldn’t overload it, because the body is weakened, all organs are also affected by the effects of toxins, so start feeding with light food.

So, in case of poisoning, what can a child be given to eat so that the weakened body can gain new strength. It is very good to prepare fresh chicken or vegetable broth, although any liquid food will do: porridge, vegetable and fruit dishes. Soufflés made from fish and meat will also be useful. If the child is very small, then he can be given his usual food. In order for recovery to proceed faster, and for the liver, damaged by toxins, to recover better, you need to give your child fermented milk products.

Since fermentation in the intestines will not go away immediately, it is better to give the child less carbohydrates in the first few days. And be sure to ask your doctor what foods he can eat and what he should avoid, since the diet directly depends on the severity of the poisoning and the consequences it caused.

Prevention of poisoning

Most poisonings in both children and adults occur in mild or medium degree severity and usually ends full recovery. Its consequences may be various kinds irregularities in work internal organs. So, with food poisoning, dysbiosis manifests itself in the intestines, and if poisoning occurs after a child has eaten poisonous mushrooms, then the outcome may be kidney and liver failure.

If the form of poisoning is severe, then multiple organ failure may even develop, which will require intensive care.

Prevention of poisoning depends only on the attentiveness of parents, who should only buy quality products in verified places. The child should only drink boiled water, wash fruits and vegetables before eating, as well as your hands before lunch.

Try to introduce your beloved child to everyone poisonous mushrooms and berries, herbs, so that he knows them. Explain that under no circumstances should you follow the lead of friends who want to persuade or argue to force you to eat poisonous berries.

It is best to prevent poisoning in a child than to later treat its consequences, which can lead to very serious complications. If it has already happened that the child has been poisoned, then it is important to sound the alarm and call a doctor, and not hope for chance. Any delay in treatment may lead to severe consequences, even to death.

A child who is poisoned at home should be treated in consultation with a pediatrician or gastroenterologist. Intoxication of the body with food leads to complications. Parents who show signs of pathology in their children should provide prompt assistance. Diagnosis of the causes of the disorder requires special knowledge from adults. It is better to visit the hospital if poisoned.

The summer period is characterized by risks for food poisoning in children. This is due to the use various products. Vegetables during this period are rich in pesticides. Food spoils quickly in the heat. If the body is intoxicated, it is recommended to drink water and use rehydration solutions (Humana, Regidron, etc.). Compote from drying or mineral water will do.

Biscuits are allowed among food. Prepare porridge from rice and buckwheat in the morning. You can bake apples in the oven. An alternative option is mashed potatoes and vegetable soups. To ensure your health safety, adhere to the following rules:

Don't get dehydrated. The child loses a large number of fluids for vomiting and diarrhea;
use sorbents. Chemical substance accumulates toxins and removes them from the body. The dosage of activated carbon is 1 g per 1 kg of body weight;
At high temperatures, use antipyretics. Applies to Ibuprofen and Paracetamol.

First aid for food poisoning in children of all ages

If parents detect symptoms of poisoning in children, systemic treatment. An urgent measure for disorders, an enema is used. The healing liquid includes cool water and high-quality sorbent. "Smecta" is suitable for patients different groups of people. The scope of use is as follows:

at 12 months – 70 ml;
2 years – 120-150 ml;
36 months – 200 ml;
4-5 years – 250-300 ml.

Alternative option- Activated carbon. Crushed tablets are taken with plenty of water. Children under 1 year are allowed to take 1 tablet, at 24 months - 3 g, 3-6 years - 4 units, over 6 years - up to 11 units.

The process of gastric lavage is carried out using potassium permanganate. The procedure is allowed for children under 6 years of age. The solution is prepared in warm water. After cooling, the liquid is drunk, causing vomiting. It is better to eat food 5 hours after cleansing. Following a diet is a must.

First aid algorithm:

call a medical team to your home;
put the child in bed on his side (over 3 years old), place the baby on his chest;
stop feeding for a while;
after attacks, rinse your baby’s mouth;
do not put emotional pressure on your child;
make a water-salt solution. The patient should be given 2 tsp. liquids every 10 minutes.
note in your notebook the frequency of urges, consistency and additional stress of the child;
toxic structures are removed with drugs.

How to stop vomiting

For each group of children there is a specific recovery method. Babies under 1 year old should not overeat. After feeding, place the baby in vertical position for 30 minutes. Gastric lavage is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.

After 12 months, children suffer from vomiting due to stomach flu. The disease manifests itself as dry mouth and high temperature. The stomach is washed weak solution potassium permanganate. To neutralize intoxication, use Enterosgel and Smecta. To reduce fever, buy rectal suppositories and intramuscular injections.

Vomiting caused by poisoning should be stopped promptly at home. Prerequisites for visiting a doctor:

Prolonged fever.
The presence of green vomit.
Manifestation of loose stools.
Cramp + nausea.

An effective remedy for eliminating vomiting is a decoction of valerian roots. The roots of the plants are poured with boiling water. The liquid is simmered over low heat for about 15 minutes. The elixir is drunk every 12 hours, 2 tsp. An alternative option is ginger drink. 1/6 of the packet is diluted in 250 ml of warm water. The solution is given every 8 hours, 1 tsp.

Application antiemetics for children it is allowed after visiting a doctor. Applies to Cerucal and Domperidone. After identifying the cause of vomiting, a specialist will prescribe antivirals. If abdominal pain develops, antispasmodics and antisecretory substances are suitable. Complications should be stopped in the hospital.

Review of safe drugs for poisoning

A children's first aid kit is different from an adult's. Medicines have low dosage, corresponding to an immature organism. Effective medicines Available in the form of suspensions, syrups and granules. Medicines should be stored out of the reach of children. The list of drugs for intoxication is given in the table.

Peculiarities medications for food poisoning in childhood

Name	Characteristics	Dosage
"Smecta"	The pharmacological action of the drug is similar to activated carbon. However, the effect is stronger. The duration of the recovery course is 4-8 days	The intake of the substance begins at the first sign of 2-3 sachets per day.
"Enterofuril"	An intestinal antibiotic in the form of capsules and suspensions eliminates pathogenic structures. The chemical compound eliminates salmonella and cholera. The treatment period is determined by the doctor (up to a week)	The dose intensity is 150 mg every 8 hours.
"Mezim-Forte"	Adult tablets are rich in enzymes that improve digestion. The medication is suitable for children from 12 months. Indigestion, nausea and intestinal infections disappear	The dosage for children aged 12-48 months is 1 tablet every 8 hours.
"Creon 10,000"	Medicine in capsule form. Analogous to Mezima. Contents may be mixed with liquid food	The optimal frequency is 1/3 capsule every 8 hours.
"Primadophilus"	The dietary supplement contains bifidobacteria and lacto-structures. The substance does not activate additional complications	Therapeutic regimen for children 1-5 years old (5 ml every 8 hours). Children aged 5-12 years receive 10 ml of the substance.
"Motilium"	Suspension for children relieves vomiting. Dr. Komarovsky recommends medication for severe belching	Children aged 12-60 months are allowed to take 5 ml of medication every 8 hours before meals. At 5-12 years of age, the volume increases to 10 ml.
"Lactofiltrum"	The tablets optimize the condition of the colon. Pathogenic bacteria and toxins are removed from the body. The drug is prescribed for food allergies. Do not take other medications 30 minutes before or after	12-36 months - 1/2 tablet every 8 hours. 3-7 years - 1 tablet 3 times a day. 8-12 years old – 2 tablets every 8 hours.

A popular means of replenishing fluid levels during severe vomiting is Regidron. The drug qualitatively helps young children who are faced with dehydration. The treatment method consists of diluting 1 sachet in 250 ml of warm water. With a baby weighing 20 kg, the volume of the “drink” is 1 liter. The chemical compound has no analogues.

Popular wisdom stores a large number of recipes that allow you to neutralize food poisoning. To maximize the healing effect, follow exactly the instructions for preparing decoctions and infusions. Elixirs remove toxins from the body and relieve stomach pain. Popular options for children:

cinnamon decoction. Half a teaspoon of crushed plant particles is poured into 250 ml of boiling water. The infusion is kept in a closed container for 15 minutes. After cooling, the drink can be drunk throughout the day. The cessation of vomiting will be gradual;
dill seeds (1 tsp) + 480 ml water. The liquid boils for several minutes. For taste, you can add 1 spoon of honey. Toxins will leave the body in 6-8 hours;
starch decoction. 1 tsp + 250 ml water. An alternative ingredient is food gelatin;
herbal teas. The main particles are ginger, nettle, mint infusion or lemon balm. The drink has antimicrobial properties. The optimal frequency of use is 250 ml every 4 hours;
infusion of chamomile flowers or oak bark.

The process of restoring the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract in children with the help of folk remedies gives results. Complex therapy at home is agreed with the attending physician. You minimize the risks of developing additional ailments in your baby.

Make sure your child washes their hands before eating. Prepare dishes from quality ingredients. Do not give children expired sweets and processed meats. Daily meals must be balanced in vitamins and microelements.

When to see a doctor

Treatment at home for food poisoning in a child is allowed for mild and moderate forms of the pathology. The manifestation of the disease with vomiting indicates danger. If the disease has a one-time manifestation, there may be several causes of the disorder. Concerns overeating, stress or motion sickness. If the attack lasts more than 12 hours, the baby needs qualified help. Hospitalization will be required in a number of cases:

Availability severe pain in the stomach + intestines;
head injuries;
dehydration of the body;
frequent urination;
decreased mental activity;
formation of thick vomiting with blood.

Before the doctor arrives, place the sick child on his side. A person will not choke on vomit. If the causes of the pathology are not clear, do not give any medications. Save the biomaterial so that a specialist can evaluate the structure. Consistency and smell - criteria for selection optimal scheme treatment.

When poisoned, a child develops different symptoms caused by increased immune reactivity, instability internal systems. Signs of the disease appear acutely, which allows for early treatment.

At home, when deciding what to give a child in case of poisoning, parents use folk remedies. Such a mistake leads to serious consequences. Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness conservative treatment intoxication syndrome. Monotherapy for intoxication syndrome medicinal decoctions leads to complications.

Main signs of poisoning in children

Symptoms are determined by the amount of toxin and the state of the body's defense systems.

At mild degree signs of poisoning are lethargy, apathy, refusal to eat. With an average degree it is formed sharp picture intoxication:

Chills;
Vomit;
Loose stools;
Temperature increase;
Leftovers undigested food in stool with mucus and blood.

Manifestations appear gradually. Difficulties with differential diagnosis with many diseases and mild illnesses do not allow timely seeking medical help.

We recommend for weakness, apathy, intestinal disorders assess the condition of the stool. When identifying pathological changes required qualified diagnostics. With physiological consistency, absence of foreign impurities, physiological shade of urine, the diagnosis is food grade, chemical poisoning doubtful.

The risk of dehydration in a child provokes severe diarrhea, frequent vomiting. The condition leads to dangerous consequences.

Poisoning in a child: vomiting without diarrhea

Intestinal intoxications are divided into the following categories:

Household;
Skin;
Inhalation;
Percutaneous;
Cavitary (introduction of toxins into ear canal, vagina, rectum).

Household poisoning (food, water) is characterized by disruption of the gastrointestinal tract followed by gastroenteritis. Inflammation of the wall of the stomach and intestines leads to disruption of the digestion of food complexes. The formation of toxins due to the presence of toxic substances and spoiled food leads to increased intestinal irritation, which causes abdominal pain. Parents at similar situation They try to give the child a painkiller. Its effectiveness is short-lived. After termination therapeutic effect drug pain syndrome intensifies.

Attention! Analgin should not be given to children. The product is prohibited for use in European countries due to increased likelihood provoking irreversible changes in the brain and blood circulation.

Vomiting without diarrhea - signs of wall damage upper sections gastrointestinal tract. After poisoning a small amount aggressive chemical compounds, use industrial alcohol the epithelium of the esophagus and stomach dies. Reflex stimulation of receptors leads to a gag reflex.

Poisoning in a child is divided into 2 categories according to severity:

Acute;
Chronic.

The acute form is characterized by a rapid onset and the appearance of specific symptoms.

Chronic intoxication gradually progresses. Symptoms intensify as the concentration of the toxin increases. This type includes alcohol and drug poisoning.

Scientists have been able to isolate more than 500 poisons that have tropism for human tissue. Literary sources describe attempts to systematize toxins according to their effects on specific organs. This gradation is not widely used.

What to do

For any type of poisoning, a treatment algorithm is selected, consisting of the following procedures:

Prevention of subsequent absorption of poison;
Increased release of toxin from the body;
Purgation;
Antidote therapy;
Symptomatic treatment (restoration of liver and kidney function).

The high prevalence of household intoxications is aggravated by the severity of disease progression. Mild degree poisoning in a child can be treated at home under the supervision of a pediatrician. Treatment of moderate and severe intoxication syndrome is carried out on an inpatient basis.