List of antibiotics for children, as well as recommendations and advice for parents. Analysis for bacterial infection. Antibiotics. What is this

Oh, I wouldn’t risk giving antibiotics... Especially such strong ones. Maybe we can just get by with antimicrobial agents?

Your temperature is normal even for a healthy child

Olesya, before giving your baby injections, I will advise you to go to a very to a good doctor pediatrician Netkacheva Irina Vitalievna. We were also prescribed these injections, I went to Netkacheva and she prescribed everything else without injections. Within 3 days my baby stopped getting sick.

Irina Vitalievna Netkacheva receives treatment at the Venus medical center, Ainabulak-1, building 9. Her appointment costs 2,000 thousand. I liked her very much.

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List of broad-spectrum antibiotics for children

Antibiotics are a group of strong natural or synthetic drugs that can suppress the growth of certain microorganisms or provoke their death. The use of such substances cannot be avoided in cases of serious illnesses in children of a bacterial nature: sinusitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis, whooping cough, pneumonia, meningitis, etc.

When to give

Not everyone can be treated with antibiotics infectious diseases. Thus, the causative agent of diphtheria, fungal diseases, tetanus and botulism in children are toxins. The cause of sinusitis and inflammatory diseases bronchial mucosa – viruses. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, ears and throat, accompanied by feverish conditions, are most often caused by the action of bacteria. Antibiotics affect only the simplest microorganisms and are useless for viral diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, chickenpox, herpes, rubella, measles.

Thus, if a child has just started to have a runny nose, a sore throat, or a fever, antibiotics should not be used immediately. In addition, after a course of one of the drugs of a certain series, the body gradually develops resistance (resistance) of pathogens to this medicine and poor sensitivity to the entire range. Therefore, the prescription of antibiotics for ARVI in children is justified only if bacterial flora has joined the infection, and this usually happens no earlier than on the 3-4th day of the disease.

Titles

However, doctors do not always have this opportunity, since the results of smears can be expected only 3-7 days after the test, and the child’s condition is already critical at the moment; in this case, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

Penicillin group

This is the main category of antibiotics prescribed to children for respiratory diseases. Penicillins interfere with the synthesis of basic substances that are part of the cell membranes of pathogenic bacteria, thereby causing their death.

Amoxicillin - prescribed for bacterial diseases upper respiratory tract, ENT organs (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis, etc.), genitourinary system (cystitis), gastric system (peritonitis, enterocolitis), infectious infections of the skin and soft tissues. Can be prescribed to children over 2 years of age.
Flemoxin Solutab is a new generation analogue of amoxicillin that can be prescribed to children from 1 year of age. Used to suppress pathogenic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci), treat pneumonia, etc.

Cephalosporin group

Semi-synthetic antibiotics that are more resistant to enzymes that produce pathogenic microorganisms. Their mechanism of action is to suppress the growth of bacteria and their ability to reproduce. Prescribed when antibiotics from the previous group are ineffective over the previous 2-3 months.

Cefuroxime is an antibiotic with a broad bactericidal effect on strains of microorganisms insensitive to penicillins. Prescribed for ENT diseases, infections of the upper respiratory tract, genitourinary system, gastric tract etc. Can be used orally, intravenously and intramuscularly from birth.

Macrolide group

Sumamed is a new generation antibiotic, prescribed to children in suspension for tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, bronchitis, otitis media, infectious dermatoses, etc.
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum drug for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, skin and genitourinary system.

How to take it correctly

To prevent taking antibiotics from harming the child’s developing body, parents should know a few basic rules for taking these drugs:

The course of antibiotic treatment is a minimum of 5 days, a maximum of 14 (in severe cases). Even if the child feels much better even on the 3rd day of treatment, under no circumstances should you stop treatment for at least another 48 hours. If drugs are taken incorrectly (unauthorized dose reduction, non-compliance with the dosage regimen or an incomplete course of treatment), only the weakest microorganisms die, although a temporary improvement in health is noted. The remaining bacteria mutate, adapt to the previously taken medicine and no longer respond to it. You have to look for a replacement, increase the dose, or try a completely different antibiotic.
The antibiotic should be taken at the same time every day. If you need to take the medicine 2 times a day, then this should be done exactly every 12 hours.
If the drug is given to young children in the form of a suspension or drops, then the contents of the bottle are thoroughly stirred until the liquid becomes homogeneous and all the sediment has dissolved.
Almost all antibiotics should be taken with food or immediately after it, with a glass of water. big amount water (not tea, compote, milk, juice or mineral water).
For supporting normal level intestinal microflora and to avoid the development of dysbiosis in a child, bifidobacteria or lactobacilli should be taken in parallel (prescribed by a doctor).
While taking antibiotics, it is advisable to keep the child on a diet: exclude fatty, fried, smoked foods, sour fruits. The use of antibiotics itself greatly inhibits liver function, and heavy meals significantly increase the load.

How often can you give

The less antibiotics are used to treat children, the better. Over time, pathogens develop resistance to any antibacterial drug, which can complicate the treatment of diseases for the rest of their lives. Another argument “against” is the large load on the child’s growing body.

Some tips for parents on taking antibiotics:

if the disease is not very serious, the use of antibacterial drugs should be avoided;
If the child has never been given antibiotics before, then therapy must begin from the very beginning. weak medicine, but the selection of the drug and its dosage must be carried out by a doctor;
after the end of treatment, the child needs to be given probiotics for some time for recovery normal microflora and absorbent preparations (Enterosgel or Polysorb) to remove toxins and decay products of pathogenic bacteria from the liver and body;
next time serious illness the doctor will prescribe a stronger drug for the child;

Why are they dangerous?

Children are not recommended to take antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group, which have negative impact on the hearing organs and renal system of the child. These include Kanamycin and Gentamicin.
Children under 8 years of age are prohibited from being prescribed antibiotics of the tetracycline group (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline). The latter can contribute to the thinning of tooth enamel, as well as slower growth of the bone skeleton.
Taking chloramphenicol can lead to the development of aplastic anemia in children.
Fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) also belong to the category of antibiotics prohibited for children; they disrupt the normal development of joint cartilage.

All of the listed groups of antibiotics are prescribed to children only in exceptional cases when the disease cannot be treated with other drugs, and the benefits of taking an antibiotic outweigh the possible risks.

For infants

For infants, antibiotics are prescribed only in extremely severe cases. They are usually administered orally (considered the most gentle method) in the form of suspensions or drops. The finished mixture has limited period shelf life, therefore in pharmacies it is sold in the form of a bottle with powder for diluting the suspension. After treatment is completed, the drug is no longer suitable for long-term storage. If there are reasons why a child cannot take medications by mouth, injections are prescribed.

Drugs approved for use in infants:

Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Asketil, Ceftriaxone, Sumamed - from the first days of life;
Ikzim, Zinnat, Pancef, Hemomycin - from 6 months;
Flemoxin – from 1 year;
Amoxicillin – from 2 years;
Klacid - from 3 years old.

How to boost immunity after treatment

Commonly used probiotic preparations:

Linex - restores the natural intestinal flora, eliminates diarrhea in a child after taking antibiotics. Can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Bifiform – promotes the colonization of bacteria that produce milk and acetic acid which prevents reproduction pathogens. Approved for use in neonates.
Bifidumbacterin – restores flora, improves work gastrointestinal tract, has immunomodulatory properties. Can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Laktiv-ratiopharm – contains bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, has a positive effect on the microflora and the entire body of the child. Prescribed for children from 2 years of age.
Hilak - normalizes the pH balance of the stomach, suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Prescribed to children from birth.

Along with taking antibiotics for children with reduced immunity the use of drugs that increase the body's resistance to infectious and non-infectious infections and tissue regeneration is indicated.

Main groups of immunomodulators:

Interferon – prevents infections from affecting the body, increases protective forces. Prescribed to children from 1 year.
Immunoglobulin - contains many antibodies that successfully resist pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Can be prescribed to children from the first days of life.
Anaferon is a homeopathic immunomodulator that increases the level of antibodies in the body. Approved for use from 6 months.
Aflubin – complex homeopathic medicine, which has immunostimulating, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory properties. Prescribed to children from birth.

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Which antibiotic is best to give to children?

Prescribing antibiotics to children is a difficult choice not only for mom or dad, but sometimes even for the pediatrician or family doctor. Sometimes doctors due to frequent illnesses crumbs and frequent use antibacterial drugs, you have to rack your brains to answer the question of which antibiotic is best to prescribe to a child. Unlike an adult, a little person can only be prescribed certain groups of antibiotics. What kind of antibiotics these are and at what age can they be given to children, we will tell you in our article.

What broad-spectrum antibiotics can be given to children?

Penicillin series. Amoxicillin can be taken immediately after birth - from 0 years.

Protected penicillins: Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, can be given to children from 2 years of age;

Cephalosporins can be taken mainly from 6 months (this applies to first, second and third generation cephalosporins), ceftriaxone in the form of injections is prescribed from birth.

Macrolides - Azithromycin - can be taken from 6 months.

Which antibiotic is best for children?

There is no correct answer to this question. And the question, to be honest, is not entirely correct, since the choice of antibiotic depends on many factors:

what pathogen caused the disease, whether the antibiotic is sensitive to it or not;
severity of the disease;
the age of the child (some antibiotics can be given to children immediately after birth, some from 6 months, and some from 6 years);
when was the last time you took an antibiotic and what kind;
individual intolerance and allergic reactions.

Amoxicillin - modern analogues

Children from 0 years of age are allowed to use penicillin antibiotics. The most common drugs from this group today are Amoxicillin. If your child has not previously taken any antibiotics or takes them very rarely, the last dose was more than 3 months ago, then amoxicillin will become a reliable assistant in the fight against bacterial infection. It can be taken for tonsillitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, even pneumonia. For skin and biliary tract infections. Amoxicillin is also included in the treatment protocol peptic ulcer or gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori.

Amoxicillin - analogues for children, list of drugs

Amoxil;
Flemoxin;
Amosin;
Ecobo;
Amoxil DT;
Amoxicillin Solutab - Kredofarm;
Amoxicillin Solutab - Norton;
Amoxicillin - Astrapharm;
Amoxicillin - Forte;
Ospamox;
Amofast;
V-Mox;
Graximol;
Iramox;
Hiconcil.

Amoxicillin for children dosage in tablets, suspension and syrup

The dose of amoxicillin for children is calculated very simply. For the youngest children - from birth to 2 years - the dose of amoxicillin is 20 mg/kg per day. It should be used in two doses per day. Calculation example: a child weighs 10 kg 10 x 20 = 200 mg per day. We divide this into two doses, it turns out that 100 mg 2 times a day. If we take a suspension of 125 mg/5 ml, then we need to give the child 4 ml of amoxicillin 2 times a day. Antibiotics from this group are in different forms(in tablets and capsules of 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg; in the form of suspensions of 125 mg/5 ml in 100 ml or 60 ml bottles; in the form of suspensions of 250 mg/5 ml in 60 ml or 100 ml). Children who are over 2 years old and weigh less than 40 kg, daily dose is mg/kg. It all depends on the child’s weight and the severity of the infection.

Protected penicillins - amoxicillin preparations with clavulanic acid

For children who have already taken the above antibiotics, and those who have developed resistance to penicillins, there are protected penicillins. The same amoxicillin, but in combination with clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid has antibacterial effect, but its main advantage is that it inhibits beta-lactamases, and helps penicillin work against penicillin-resistant infections. The antibacterial spectrum is the same as that of amoxicillin.

Here is a list of the most famous combinations of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid:

As you can see, the list of protected penicillins is quite extensive. This suggests that this combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is a very successful combination, which has a good therapeutic effect not only in children, but is also included in the treatment protocols for many diseases for adults. It must be taken by children who are already 2 years old. No studies have been conducted on younger children. And clavulanic acid itself has a certain toxic effect Therefore, for very young children under 2 years old, we choose pure amoxicillin, and for older children, protected penicillins with clavulanic acid are also available. The dosage is calculated in the same way as for pure amoxicillin (see Amoxicillin dosage in tablets for children above).

Is it possible to give azithromycin to children?

Another antibiotic that can be used in children is azithromycin. It belongs to the group of macrolides and is approved for use from 6 months. Original drug is Summed. Azithromroicin is active against bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, diseases of the ENT organs, skin infections, and infections of the genitourinary system. In general, it is also a representative of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Available in the form of tablets, capsules and suspension (syrup).

Azithromycin synonyms - drug analogues

Azidrop;
Azithro-Sandoz;
Azitral;
Azitrox;
Azithromycin Zentiva, - Forte, -OBL, - Red Star, - Health, etc.
Zitrolide;
AzitRus;
Zitrolide Forte;
Z-Factor;
Safocid;
Sweetrox;
Chemomycin;
Sumamed;
Ecomed;
Ziomycin;
Azimed;
Zitrox;
Ormax.

Azithromycin dosage for children

Available in capsules and tablets of 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg. For children, the relevant dose is 125 mg/mg in capsules and in suspensions of 100 mg/5 ml and 200 mg/5 ml. Children aged 6 months and older are prescribed at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight 1 time/day for days, depending on the nature and severity of the disease. An example of calculating the dose of azithromycin for a child. For example: a child is 2 years old, weighs 13 kg. Multiply the child's weight by the number of mg of azithromycin. 13 * 10 = 130 mg per day, in one dose. It turns out that we need to give the child 6.5 ml of azithromycin suspension (100 mg/5 ml).

Although azithromycin has good therapeutic effect However, based on my experience, I will say that I am skeptical about azithromycin. The reason for this attitude is the frequent side effects from the gastrointestinal tract in the form of bloating, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although these side effects disappear immediately after stopping the drug, for a small sick child this is already too much. This is my personal opinion, especially since there are more safe antibiotics broad-spectrum drugs such as penicillins and cephalosporins.

To avoid or reduce the side effects of azithromycin, it should be taken one hour before meals or two hours after meals.

Cephalosporins for children

Another group of antibiotics that can be taken by children is called cephalosporins. Among this group of antibacterial drugs, there are 5 generations, but children are allowed drugs of the first 3 generations, and some drugs of the 4th generation are allowed for health reasons. Cephalosporins can be taken by children from 6 months, they have bactericidal effect for bacterial infections of the ENT organs, upper and lower respiratory tract. The 3rd generation also has a pronounced antibacterial effect for infections of the genitourinary system. I dedicated a separate article to this group, in which I spoke in detail about all generations of cephalosporins for children. Cephalosporins for children| List of analogues, dosage calculation

Sincerely, Mikhail Alexandrovich Skalitsky

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Skalitsky Alexander Igorevich

Education: 1984 – graduated from the Kharkov State Medical Institute, General Medicine. 1992 –.

Skalitskaya Alena Alexandrovna

Education: 2012 graduated from Kharkov National medical University, medical practice. 2014 –.

Skalitsky Mikhail Alexandrovich

Education: 2012 graduated from Kharkov National Medical University, general medicine. 2014.

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Antibiotics for children - how to choose and treat so as not to harm

Oh, those antibiotics! What beautiful names they are released under, what mountains of gold they promise! Drank magic pill- and everything passed. What you really need to take antibiotics for and whether to give them to your baby - we decide together in this article.

Do not resort to antibiotics every time, otherwise the child’s immune system will forget how to fight infections on its own.

Antibiotic, what are you?

The discovery of antibiotics made effective treatment some serious diseases, such as anthrax. They have also become widely used in severe injuries, wounds and after operations to suppress purulent processes.

On this moment There are many types of these drugs, including so-called “broad-spectrum antibiotics,” which are often prescribed even when the diagnosis is not specified.

Types of antibiotics

There are a great variety of antibiotics, and they are classified according to several criteria - by the mechanism of action on the bacterium, by structure and by the type of effect on the cell (bactericidal and bacteriostatic). It is also important to separate antibiotics according to their effect on different types bacteria:

acting on cocci (staphylococci, meningococci, streptococci and others), as well as corynobacteria and clostridia - 1st generation cephalosporins, benzylpenicillin, macrolides, bicillins, lincomycin;
broad spectrum of action, especially pathogenic for gram-positive bacilli - 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines (not recommended for children under 8 years of age), chloramphenicol (not recommended for newborns), semisynthetic penicillins, aminoglycosides;
“specializing” in gram-negative bacilli - 3rd generation cephalosporins, polymyxins;
anti-tuberculosis - streptomycin, florimycin, rifampicin;
acting on fungi - nystatin, diflucan, levorin, ketoconazole.

For a baby to be healthy, vitamin D must be present in his body. It prevents the development of rickets and other serious diseases. In what quantities to give your baby this vitamin, read here

When are antibiotics needed?

Treatment with antibiotics in children is clearly necessary for the following diseases:

acute purulent sinusitis or exacerbation of its chronic form;
paratonsillitis;
acute tonsillitis caused by streptococcus;
otitis in infants up to six months;
epiglotite;
paratonsillitis;
pneumonia.

Pneumonia cannot be overcome without antibiotics!

It is also possible to prescribe antibiotic therapy in children with otitis media older than six months and in children with exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.

A high temperature without other symptoms is not a reason to treat with antibiotics. But there are two exceptions when the use of 2-3 generation cephalosporins for fever is indicated (only if examination in a hospital is not possible!):

Children under 3 years old - at a temperature above 39 degrees.
For babies under 3 months - at a temperature of more than 38 degrees.

What happens if antibiotics are not given in the cases described above? There is a high probability that with good immunity, the body will cope on its own, but the process will be longer, and the baby will spend more of the body’s internal resources. But you and I cannot say that our children definitely have good immunity- ecology, not always proper nutrition, heredity do their job - therefore, in order to avoid complications and other unpleasant consequences, give children antibiotics for a confirmed bacterial infection.

How can the nature of the infection be confirmed?

The most in a simple way Confirming the nature of the infection for a common cold or other respiratory disease will be a general blood test. Decoding the results of a general (clinical) blood test will help dot the i’s in the treatment of the baby. And how to decipher them yourself - read in our article “General blood test - deciphering mysterious signs.” If your doctor prescribes antibiotics without testing, ask for a referral general analysis or offer to do it at your own expense/remuneration. As Komarovsky says, when choosing between a pharmacy and a laboratory, you need to run to the laboratory.

All throat infections are treated with antibiotics.

The doctor may also prescribe special studies, for example, taking smears to determine the nature of the infection.

Rules of therapy for children

Take antibiotics only if the nature of the disease is confirmed to be microbial or fungal.
When choosing a medication, tell your doctor whether you have been treated with antibiotics - and which ones - in the last 3 months.
Choose medications in tablets or syrup, but not in injections.
Try not to use antipyretics, as they can “blur” the picture of antibiotic therapy.

Even a high fever cannot be brought down with an antipyretic if the child is given antibiotics at the same time.

We both heal and cripple

Even the most low-toxic and “safe” antibiotics from the point of view of pharmaceutical companies cause harm to humans. The thing is that these compounds, when they enter the body, do not understand “who is the enemy and who is the friend”, they destroy the cells of all bacilli - both enemies (pathogenic) and local residents (that is, our microflora, primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and some other mucous membranes). The very balance of microflora praised by advertisers is disrupted, which leads to poor digestion, gas, problems with stool and other delights. Also, the use of antibiotics can cause thrush, more often in girls.

Antibiotics can cause problems in the digestive system.

Another consequence of the unjustified use of antibiotics is the increase in bacterial resistance to them. That is, bacteria “get used” to antibiotics, developing certain defense mechanisms. Why is bacilli resistance dangerous for a baby? Habituated bacteria are not afraid of even strong, good antibiotics, which significantly complicates treatment. Hence the concept of “healed immunity,” when a child does not respond to recovery even to intensive therapy.

If antibiotics cannot be avoided: how to reduce harm

Sometimes antibiotic therapy is necessary, and new mothers tear out their hair and curse themselves and their third-generation ancestors. But antibiotics are not as dangerous as they are often portrayed in the media or on benches at the entrance. You just need to support the baby’s gastrointestinal microflora in a timely manner with all available means:

breastfeed as much as possible: mother's milk contains milk flora growth factor;
support the digestive glands with drugs such as Creon 10000, Hilak Forte;
populate the child’s gastrointestinal tract with beneficial microflora using medications (Bifidumbacterin) or food (Bifidok, Acidophilin), if the baby is not breastfed.

Restoring intestinal microflora is impossible without fermented milk products. In this article we will talk about introducing kefir into a child’s diet, and we will also tell you how to prepare this drink at home.

Children grow quickly and over time, the grown body must receive vitamins and nutrients from the outside that are lacking in breast milk. For full development, babies need vitamin C, which is found in large quantities in apples. This page www.o-my-baby.ru/razvitie/pitanie/yablochnoe-pyure.htm contains detailed information about the basic rules of the first complementary feeding with applesauce.

List of antibiotics for children

The most popular antibiotics for children should be known to any competent mother:

Amoxicillin is a group of penicillins, the spectrum of action is quite wide. They are used for pneumonia, otitis media, sore throat, pharyngitis and sinusitis, also cystitis or urethritis. Granules are convenient for preparing a suspension/syrup; they are diluted with boiled water. For children under 2 years old - a quarter of a teaspoon, for children under 5 years old - half a teaspoon. Price on average 150 rubles.

This drug is suitable for very young children.

Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) - powder for suspension, thanks to the acid, the spectrum of action is wider. Indications are the same as for amoxicillin. Prohibited for babies under 3 months. May cause an allergic reaction. Price from 150 to 250 rubles depending on the dosage. Augmentin's analogue is Amoxiclav.

Feedback from mom Eva, 1 year:

“We were prescribed Augmentin for bronchitis, a teaspoon 2 times a day. I read the instructions and turned gray: for Eva’s weight you need TWICE LESS. In general, we drank according to the instructions for a week. The temperature returned to normal as soon as they started drinking it.”

Zinacef is a 2nd generation cephalosporin, wide range effects, indications: otitis media, pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis. For injection only. Children are prescribed mg per 1 kg of weight per day. Diluted with water for injection. Costs from 130 rubles.
Zinnat is a 2nd generation cephalosporin, granules are convenient for preparing a suspension. Indications: diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, ENT organs, infections genitourinary area. Not recommended for children under 3 months. Dosage: 10 mg per 1 kg of baby’s weight, given twice a day. Cost from 200 rubles.

Zinnat should not be given to children under 3 years old!

Sumamed - the active substance azithromycin, belongs to the azalides, has a wide spectrum of action on bacteria. Indications: sinusitis, otitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. Contraindicated for babies under 6 months of age. Shake the bottle before use, and after swallowing, give it a drink of water to swallow all the granules. Dosage 10 mg per kg of child’s weight, given once a day, course of treatment - 3 days. The price of the drug is on average 230 rubles.

Rita, Gelendzhik says:

“The whole family came down with ARVI, the child was 7 months old. The doctor prescribed Sumamed. I thought and thought, I dug up the entire Internet, destroyed my girlfriends - I didn’t give it to my son. My nose was washed, I was breastfed, I slept all day. I believe that the doctor ordered us to get rid of it.”

Suprax is an active antibiotic cefixime, a 3rd generation cephalosporin. Treatment of infections of the ENT organs, bronchitis, otitis, infections of the genitourinary system. Prohibited for children under six months old. From 6 months to a year - from 2 to 4 ml per 1 kg of weight, over 2 years - 5 ml. Divide the dosage into 2-3 doses. Dilute the granules with boiled water at room temperature. The medicine costs about 500 rubles.
Flemoxin Solutab - active ingredient amoxicillin, intestinal antibiotic. Indicated for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular bacterial intestinal infections. Children 1-3 years old: 250 mg of medication twice a day or 125 mg three times. For children under one year of age, the dose is 30 mg per 1 kg per day, divided into 2-3 times. The price is about 250 rubles.
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation cephalosporin, available in injections for intramuscular and intravenous administration, contraindicated in premature infants and newborns with jaundice. Newborns up to 2 weeks - 20-50 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight per day, older - from 20 to 75 per kilogram. The course is at least 4 days, depending on the pathogen. The injections are very painful. The cost is around 19 rubles per ampoule.

Infections are not the only causative agents of the inflammatory process that develops in the respiratory system and affects the bronchi. In addition to them, bronchitis in children can be stimulated by non-infectious irritants or swelling of the organ mucosa. Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat this pathology, but this is not always a justified measure.

In what cases are antibiotics indicated for children?

Bronchitis in children is often diagnosed and, as a rule, for its treatment the doctor prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is not always necessary. The action of such drugs is aimed at eliminating pathogenic bacteria, and the disease, in addition, can occur as a result of infection with viral infections or the child’s allergic reactions to any irritants. In these cases, antibiotics are not only useless, but can also aggravate the patient's condition.

Doctors may prescribe antibiotics to children without conducting blood tests and thereby not making sure that the child’s body is not sensitive to medications. At the same time, antibacterial treatment can cause the manifestation of allergies and dysbacteriosis, and form the immunity of microorganisms to the active ingredients of the drug. It is advisable to use an antibiotic for bronchitis in children only if the pathology is bacterial in nature. Indications for use antibacterial therapy:

high fever (from 38 °C) in a child lasts longer than 3 days;
there is grunting breathing;
there are changes in the blood test (bacteria are detected);
there is abundant sputum of a purulent consistency;
there is shortness of breath;
leukocytosis;
noticeable retraction of the compliant zones of the chest;
intoxication.

How to choose antibiotics for bronchitis

Modern medicine has many types of antibiotics, each group of which has certain characteristics and an individual effect on pathogenic bacteria. Some types of drugs have the most gentle effect on the body of children, and therefore have virtually no side effects. Stronger drugs act faster, but negatively affect the general condition of the organs and systems of even an adult, so their use is not recommended for children.

If antibiotics are needed to treat a child, you should choose a drug that can suppress the infection but will not cause side effects. Parents should not select medications on their own. A pediatrician gives a prescription for an antibiotic. Doctor if necessary surgical treatment may prescribe an antibacterial drug even without the results of bacterial culture (the procedure takes more than 2 days), based on clinical picture diseases and blood tests of the baby.

The doctor chooses an antibiotic from one of three existing groups(fluoroquinolones, aminopenicillins, macrolides), taking into account the patient’s age, what medications the child has already taken, and the presence of allergic reactions. For children, oral medications are prescribed - in the form of capsules, tablets or suspensions, since they do not physically and psychologically injure the baby, compared to injections. However, oral antibiotics are no less effective than intramuscular injections.

How to give an antibiotic

The doctor prescribes antibiotics in the right dosage, based on how old the patient is, the general clinical picture and other important aspects. It is very important not to exceed the specified amount of the drug for bronchitis, so as not to cause complications in the baby. In addition, before using the medication, you should definitely read the instructions in order to understand what side effects may occur and notice them in time during therapy. Other important points during treatment:

Reception frequency. To cure bronchitis in a baby, it is necessary to give him the drug at the same time, without skipping doses. Without regular use, the antibiotic will not be effective. So, if the doctor has prescribed the medication to be taken 2 times a day, it should be taken at intervals of 12 hours; if used three times, the interval should be 8 hours. Some types of medications are taken once a day, which means they should be given to children at the same time every day.
Duration of treatment. As a rule, antibacterial therapy for bronchitis is carried out for 5-7 days, however, some drugs such as Sumamed are given to a child for no longer than 3 days. You cannot prolong treatment on your own or, conversely, interrupt it.
Taking medication and food. It is very important to follow the instructions when choosing the time to give the drug to your baby. Some remedies are best taken with meals, others should be given to the patient before meals.
Side effects. Parents who are treating their baby’s bronchitis at home should closely monitor the patient’s well-being. If any side effects described in the instructions occur, you should stop taking the medication and tell your doctor about it. To alleviate the patient's condition, an enterosorbent and an antihistamine can be used.
Having allergies. To treat bronchitis, antibiotics for coughs are given to children in combination with an antihistamine.
Ineffectiveness of the medication. If after 2 days after the start of antibacterial therapy positive effect is not observed, this should be reported to the doctor. The pediatrician will select a more effective remedy.
Nutrition during treatment of bronchitis. Since medications place a serious burden on the liver, it is better to give the child light food, excluding salty, smoked, fatty and spicy foods. It is worth supplementing the patient’s diet with liquid cereals, vegetables, juices, and lean soups.
What should I take the pills with? It is better to use plain still water for this, but compotes are also suitable. dairy products and teas.
How to avoid dysbiosis? Antibiotics for bronchitis in children have a negative effect on the intestinal microflora, as a result of which children may experience problems with stool. To prevent this, parents should give their baby probiotics, and they should be taken after recovery (within 1-2 weeks). The doctor will tell you which remedy is best to choose.

Antibiotics for children with bronchitis: which ones to choose?

Bronchitis is one of the most common and serious respiratory tract diseases in children. Doctors often prescribe antibiotics for treatment. But this is not always justified. In most cases, bronchitis is caused viral infection or an allergic reaction. Antibiotics are needed to fight bacteria or other microorganisms. Unjustified prescription of such drugs can cause complications and harm the child’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to use antibiotics for children with bronchitis only after necessary tests and determining the cause of the disease.

When is it necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs?

Antibiotics for children with bronchitis are prescribed in the presence of a bacterial infection. Such drugs do not act on viruses and only worsen the child’s condition, as they reduce immunity. And the causative agent of the disease can only be determined by analyzing sputum, which is not always done. Therefore, there are other signs that indicate the presence of bacteria in the child’s body:

Under no circumstances should you self-administer antibiotics for bronchitis to children 4 years of age and younger. Only a doctor can decide whether a child needs such medications.

How to use antibiotics

The main rule for using such drugs is that they must be taken under strict medical supervision. Only a specialist can choose the right medicine and determine its dosage and duration of administration. And parents must follow all his instructions. In most cases, antibiotics for bronchitis for children 7 years of age and older are prescribed in the form of tablets or capsules. But now such preparations also exist in the form of suspensions or syrup, which is more convenient for small children.

How to properly use antibiotics for children with bronchitis?

What antibiotics are prescribed for children with bronchitis?

According to the rules, you can choose antibiotics for the treatment of bronchitis only after identifying the causative agent. But most often, broad-spectrum drugs are prescribed. According to the experience of doctors, bronchitis pathogens are most sensitive to three types of antibiotics:

penicillins - “Amoxicillin”, “Amoxiclav”, “Flemoxin Solutab”;
cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Zinnat;
macrolides - Macropen, Sumamed, Hemomycin.

The choice of drug depends on the age of the child, his state of health and the characteristics of the course of the disease.

How to use antibiotics for bronchitis in children 3 years and younger

At this age, bronchial inflammation is very dangerous due to the anatomy and physiology of the child. Much more often, complications of bronchitis occur in children. The small bronchi become clogged with mucus, and it is very difficult for it to come out, which can cause the development of pneumonia. Therefore, in many cases, treatment of this disease occurs in a hospital.

If there is a need to take antibacterial drugs, then at this age many of them are contraindicated. In addition, antibiotics for bronchitis for children 1 year and younger are most often used in the form of injections. This way the medicine works faster. And medical supervision when treating children with antibiotics is necessary because these drugs often cause serious side effects. In young children, in addition to diarrhea and vomiting, there may be convulsions, fainting and changes in the blood picture.

Antibiotics of the penicillin group

These antibacterial drugs are active against most bronchitis pathogens. But they have many side effects, most often causing allergic reactions or dysbacteriosis. Therefore, they need to be taken together with vitamins C and B, as well as probiotics to preserve intestinal microflora. It should be borne in mind that drugs of the penicillin group are active against staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci, but are ineffective against chlamydia and mycoplasmas, which can also cause bronchitis.

From this group, the following antibiotics are most often prescribed for bronchitis for children 10 years of age and younger: Amoxicillin, Flemoxin Solutab, Sulbactam, Ospamox. Preparations containing amoxicillin with clavulanic acid have a pronounced antibacterial effect: Amoxiclav, Augmentin.

Cephalosporins

Antibiotics from the cephalosporin group also effectively kill bacteria: Zinnat, Cefadox, Loprax, Suprax. They are used less frequently, mainly if the patient is intolerant to penicillins. They are also used in complex therapy complicated bronchitis. Most often, children are prescribed several medications.

"Zinnat" is available in the form of granules for preparing a suspension. Used for children from 3 months.
"Suprax" is a 3rd generation cephalosporin. The drug is prohibited for babies under six months. The suspension should be given to the child 2-3 times a day.
Ceftriaxone is a very effective drug that helps cope with inflammation in 3-4 days. But this antibiotic is available in an injection solution.

Macrolides

This group of drugs is prescribed in Lately most often, since penicillins and cephalosporins cause disruption of the intestinal microflora and other side effects. Macrolides do not have a toxic effect on the kidneys and intestines. In addition, they are active against a large number of microorganisms and penetrate deep into cells. Therefore they are considered more effective. The following antibiotics are most often prescribed for bronchitis for children 5 years of age and older:

Which antibiotic to choose

The safest and most effective are drugs containing amoxicillin. But there are bacteria that have mutated and become insensitive to the effects of these drugs. Therefore, you need to choose medications from this group that contain clavulanate or sulbactam. It should be written on the package: “Amoxicillin + clavulanate.” The most effective in this regard are modern drugs.

"Amoxiclav" is a suspension that is used for children from 3 months. Depending on the child’s weight, it should be given 2 times a day. The drug is highly effective against bronchitis pathogens.
"Flemoxin Solutab" is a drug based on amoxicillin, indicated for children from 1 month. Effectively relieves inflammation.
Augmentin is often prescribed for bronchitis. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid effectively kills bacteria. Children are prescribed the drug in the form of a suspension.

Features of antibiotic treatment

The main thing that parents should know is that you cannot give antibiotics to your child without a doctor’s prescription. In addition, during this treatment several rules must be followed:

if after 3 days there is no improvement or the child becomes worse, the drug should be discontinued, but this should be done by a doctor;
it is very important to follow the dosage prescribed by the doctor and not miss taking medications;
antibiotics disrupt the intestinal microflora, so probiotics are prescribed simultaneously with them: “Linex”, “Normobakt”, “Bifiform”;
With this treatment, it is important to constantly monitor the child’s reaction and, if side effects occur, stop taking the drug and inform the pediatrician.

Antibiotics for children are prescribed by a specialist for severe bacterial infections. You cannot choose your own medicine. These drugs are very serious drugs that often cause side effects.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in infants

When are antibiotics prescribed?

The danger of damage to the bronchi in infants is that the baby is not yet able to cough up the accumulated mucus. As a result, he begins to choke due to the resulting obstruction. Protracted current pathology leads to the development of bronchiolitis or pneumonia, which causes serious respiratory distress and is life-threatening for the infant.

If you only experience a severe cough and no fever or chills, you can remove the symptoms with the help of natural mucolytics. These are Ambroxol, Hydelix, Suprima. Since sputum culture is a long-term diagnostic procedure, the prescription of antibiotics for bronchitis is based on the clinical picture. There are a number of symptoms that confirm the bacterial nature of the disease or its connection to a viral infection:

Constant shortness of breath, not only after active movement of the baby, but also at rest
Increased leukocytosis level
Intoxication of the body
Fever for three days or more
Decreased appetite and weakness
If sputum is coughed up, it contains purulent clots.

Viruses as an independent source of disease in infants are quite rare. More often they form complexes with bacteria and fungi during bronchitis. In the first days of life, the baby’s body produces specific antibodies that protect against infections. If a mother suffered from bronchitis before or during pregnancy, she passes these elements on to the unborn child. The contradiction lies in the fact that those children who have accelerated antibody production are more often affected. But this paradox is associated with an even more important protective function - the prevention of pneumonia.

List of antibiotics and their properties

Ideally, medications should be prescribed after test results are received. But it is not always possible to expect them long time Therefore, the selection of funds is carried out empirically. When treating bronchitis in infants, it is customary to distinguish four groups of antibiotics:

Penicillin series

These drugs have a bactericidal effect by affecting the protein elements that bind penicillin. They function as enzymes that form peptidoglycan polymers to build cell walls pathogen. Blocking their synthesis leads to the death of the pathogen.

To prevent resistance, antibiotics have been developed that inhibit betalactamase production. By increasing the synthesis of clavulonic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam substances, they have a more active effect on bacteria.

From this group, aminopenicillins with an extended spectrum of influence are suitable for infants. They exhibit their properties against Eschirechia, Enterobacter, Shigella, and Salmonella. In case of bronchitis, pneumococcus, streptococcus and moracella are most often cultured. But for atypical types of disease, when the culprits are chlamydia, mycoplasma and legionella, the formulations are ineffective.

Betalactam antibiotics are considered the most studied category of drugs that are used to treat both the upper and lower respiratory tract. The diversity of species is explained by the desire to create a product with high pharmacological qualities and resistance to the constantly evolving resistance of microorganisms. The group of aminopenicillins for infants includes the following medications:

Amoxicillin

It is a semi-synthetic drug with high bioavailability when taken orally. Its main active substance is clavulonic acid, which inhibits betalakamases. It is absorbed by almost 95%, regardless of food intake and retains its properties in an acidic environment. For children of the first year of life, it is prescribed in the form of a powder for the preparation of suspensions and a solution for injection.

The drug is approved from 4 weeks of age, as it can cause hearing impairment in newborns. Up to six months of age, the drug is administered intramuscularly at the rate of 0.1 g/kg body weight, divided into 4-6 doses. From six months you can give a suspension. The medicine is contraindicated for asthma, leukemia, severe liver and kidney pathologies, and intolerance to components. May cause allergies. The course of treatment is from 5 days.

Flemoxin

Antibiotic from the aminopenicillin group. The main active ingredient is betalactam amoxicillin. Shows bactericidal properties against gram-positive and negative pathogens. It is rapidly absorbed, creating maximum concentrations 120 minutes after administration. Accumulates in mucous membranes and sputum, acid-resistant. It is excreted through the kidneys in an hour, in premature babies - in 3-4 hours.

The tablets have a citrus or fruit flavor. For use, they are dissolved in water: in 20 ml to obtain syrup and in 100 ml when preparing a suspension. The dosage is 0.125 g three times a day for 5-7 days. In case of severe or chronic infections, children are given medicine at the rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, divided into three times. The drug is contraindicated in case of intolerance to the components; it very rarely causes adverse reactions in the form of skin allergies and dyspeptic disorders.

Macrolides

Antibiotics with a macrocyclic lactone circle. They act against pathogens that develop inside cells and gram-positive strains. The main effect is achieved by stopping the production of protein components in the ribosomal compounds of the membrane walls of bacteria. Besides active substances have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. According to their chemical formula, they are divided into azalides and ketolides, depending on their atomic structure.

The funds are among the most safe species with minimal toxic effects. They are well tolerated by patients, and adverse reactions are extremely rare. Another feature is the lack of cross-resistance with beta-lactam formulations. There are three groups of medications - natural, prodrugs and semi-synthetic. For bronchitis in infants, the following drugs are prescribed:

Sumamed

Representative of a new generation of the azalide group. The mechanism of action is based on suppressing the production of protein compounds that make up the walls of the pathogen. By inhibiting the synthesis of peptide translocases and their transport, the active substance slows down the growth and development of pathogens. In high concentrations it can have a bactericidal effect, that is, a detrimental effect on strains.

The main active element, azithromycin, is well absorbed and redistributed throughout all tissues and fluids of the body. Maximum concentrations are detected in plasma 2-3 hours after the first use and remain in therapeutic doses for a week. Eating slightly reduces absorption, so it is recommended to give to infants 60 minutes before or two hours after meals.

Infants are prescribed the drug in the form of a suspension for oral administration. 12 ml of water is added to a 17 g bottle. The solution can be stored for 5 days. The dosage is 125 mg once daily.

Macropen

An antibiotic from the macrolide group, which stops the production of protein elements in bacterial cells. Affects intracellular strains due to the main active component– midecamecin. After oral administration, it is quickly absorbed and reaches its optimal volume after 2 hours, which persists for 6 hours. Accumulates in respiratory organs, mucous membranes and skin. When metabolized, it creates two active substances with antimicrobial properties.

The drug is contraindicated in severe liver failure and intolerance to components. The dosage is 20-40 mg/kg body weight. For children, the product is available in granules. The suspension is prepared from 100 ml of water added to the medicine bottle. The resulting solution has an orange tint and a pleasant banana taste.

Fluoroquinolones

Drugs based on chloroquine and nalidixic acid. Compositions are classified according to the chemical formula, according to the presence of fluorine atoms. The main target of active substances are topoisomerase enzymes, the inhibition of which leads to slower growth at low concentrations and death of pathogens at high concentrations. As a result, the pathogen is sensitive to phagocytosis. The agents can act on both growing and dormant microorganisms.

Fluoroquinolones are well distributed throughout tissues, bioavailability is 100%. Due to the duration of elimination, medications are prescribed for treatment once a day. Specific pharmacokinetics allows the use of drugs for any location of the disease and severity of the process. They belong to the category of low-toxic compounds; the development of adverse reactions that require discontinuation of therapy is observed in only 1-2% of patients. The most commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotics are:

Ofloxacin

The drug is active primarily against gram-negative bacteria. It is prescribed in cases where the pathogen develops resistance to other antibiotics. It is quickly absorbed and well distributed throughout tissues and mucous membranes. Reaches its maximum volume half an hour after administration and maintains its therapeutic effect throughout the day, even after a single use.

Since the drug is considered toxic, it is prescribed to infants only according to indications, in case of severe development of bronchitis and complications. The dosage is 7.5 mg/kg body weight in two doses with an interval of 12 hours. Method of use: intravenous. The course of treatment is from 3 to 14 days, only in critical conditions can be extended. Contraindicated for illnesses nervous system and brain injuries. May cause a number of adverse reactions.

Ciprofloxacin

A medicine from the same group that can inhibit topoisomerase enzymes. It breaks chains in DNA molecules, reads information and changes chromosomal topology. As a result protective systems The pathogen is destroyed, causing it to stop growing and die. In relation to cells that divide, a quickly produced effect occurs after 2 hours, with slow reproduction - after two days. The drug prevents the synthesis of exotoxins, while microbial resistance develops quite slowly.

Since the medicine belongs to the arthrotoxic category, it is prescribed only according to indications and in severe conditions. The intravenous daily dose is no more than 7 mg/kg of the infant’s body weight. The duration of treatment for complicated and atypical bronchitis is 10-14 days.

Cephalosporins

There are 4 generations of drugs in this series, intended for both oral and parenteral use. They are suitable for two-stage therapy, which involves a gradual transition from one form of administration to another in the shortest possible time, taking into account the assessment of the clinical condition of the small patient. For bronchitis, drugs of groups 2, 3 and 4 are most actively used. They are resistant to betalactamases and most gram-positive pathogens.

The drugs are based on aminocephalosporic acid, which damages the peptidoglycan layer of cell membranes of microorganisms in the reproduction phase, which leads to their death. The antibacterial effect occurs 3 hours after administration and lasts from 2 to 24 hours. The following formulations are used to treat bronchitis:

Suprax

The medication is used in pediatric practice for therapy infectious diseases respiratory system. It is mainly prescribed for mild and moderate conditions to patients on an outpatient basis. It helps with exacerbation of bronchitis, their chronic course and signs of obstruction. Bioavailability is about 50%; when taking a suspension, peak concentration is observed after 3 hours and lasts 4-6 hours.

The optimal dosage for infants starting from 6 months is 2.5-4 ml every 12 hours for 10-14 days. Contraindications: pseudomembranous colitis, increased susceptibility to the components. May cause adverse reactions such as skin allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.

Cefodox

The powder for preparing the syrup contains cefpodoxime as an active ingredient. It has an acetylating effect on transpeptidase elements that make up the walls of microorganisms. As a result, bacteria lose their ability to reproduce and die. The drug is active against most types of pathogens, but strains that cause atypical bronchitis show resistance to it.

The drug is not metabolized and is excreted through the kidneys. It is contraindicated for lactase deficiency and is recommended for children over 5 months. Daily dose is 10 mg/kg body weight, divided into two doses. To prepare the suspension, add water to the bottle with powder up to the mark.

Antibiotics and microflora

Even the least toxic drug can have a negative effect on the intestines. This is due to the fact that the active substances affect not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also affect bifidobacteria, which populate the mucous membrane. In most cases, upon completion of treatment, the microflora normalizes on its own, restoring balance. You just need to feed the baby more often.

But in some patients a disorder occurs that leads to dysbiosis, especially when long-term treatment. To help the baby, it is recommended to give him sorbents and probiotics. These are Bifidumbacterin, Biosporin, Acylact, Bifiliz.

JMedic.ru

Bronchitis is pathological process, which involves the bronchi of small and medium caliber, characterized by the appearance of cough, sputum and shortness of breath. Also quite common in children is a complication such as suffocation (lack of air due to intense bronchospasm and swelling of the bronchial walls).
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children play an important role in treatment, as they quickly act on the cause of the disease, eliminate it and prevent the development of complications. In order to begin treating bronchitis with antibiotics, specific indications are needed, which include:

body temperature above 38.0 0 C;
manifestation of bacterial intoxication of the body (lack of appetite, apathy, moodiness, weight loss, sleep disturbance);
intense barking cough;
wet cough with thick yellow-green sputum.

Classification of antibiotics prescribed to children for the treatment of bronchitis

Beta-lactams are antibiotics, a group of which is united by the presence in the structure medicinal substance lactam ring, which destroys bacterial cells:

Synthetic penicillins:

Amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is a group of protected penicillins. Some bacterial cells have evolved to be resistant to lactams by producing lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down the antibiotic. Clavulanic acid blocks this enzyme, which prevents the destruction of the drug substance.

Cephalosporins:

2nd generation cephalosporins (Cefuroxime).
3rd generation cephalosporins (Cefpodoxime).

Macrolides: Azithromycin.

Respiratory fluoroquinolones, which belong to the reserve and are used only as injections for extremely severe bronchitis.

Antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed to children, taking into account the causative agent of the infection, which can be identified by symptoms of respiratory tract damage, by general intoxication organism and by inoculating sputum on a nutrient medium and studying the microorganisms that appeared on them.

Antibacterial therapy

What drugs can and should be prescribed to children:

Synthetic penicillins

They have a pronounced antibacterial effect (lead to the death of bacteria) against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells.

Amoxicillin - the child’s body tolerates this well medicine, but susceptible individuals may experience allergic reactions in the form of itching or irritation on the skin.

Ospamox is a children's form of release - granules for preparing a suspension for oral administration. There are several dosages of the drug - 125 mg of the active substance in 5 ml of solution in a 60 ml bottle and 250 mg in 5 ml of solution in a 60 mg bottle.

To prepare a suspension for your child, you need to dilute the contents of the bottle to the mark with boiled water and shake well.

Effective antibiotics for bronchitis in children

Bronchitis is an inflammatory pathology that affects the bronchi. In childhood, the disease develops for a number of reasons - viruses, bacteria, allergens, mixed infection. Antibiotics for bronchitis in children are prescribed only by a doctor after a thorough examination and identification the real reason inflammation.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children are prescribed only by a doctor after a thorough examination and identification of the true cause of the inflammation.

Indications for use

Antibiotics are not always prescribed for the treatment of bronchitis. Often the inflammatory process in the bronchi develops due to the introduction of viruses. In this case, there is no point in using antibacterial drugs.

Prescribing antibiotics for bronchitis is justified in the following cases:

Inflammation occurs in acute form and lasts longer than 2 weeks.
The pathology occurs in an obstructive form with signs of bacterial damage.
The disease is recurrent or chronic.

In acute

Acute bronchitis in a child often occurs as a complication against the background of seasonal ARVI. If acute inflammation bronchi within 10-14 days cannot be treated with inhalations, expectorants and antitussives; antibacterial agents are prescribed.

Indications for antibiotics for acute bronchitis:

The child constantly has a temperature above 37.5°C.
When coughing, yellow or green slime with an unpleasant odor.
The cough lasts more than 2 weeks and is accompanied by chest pain.
The child exhibits symptoms of intoxication - weakness, sweating, diarrhea, lack of appetite.

With obstructive

Obstructive bronchitis is accompanied by bronchospasm and paroxysmal cough. Indications for use antibacterial agents with inflammation of the bronchi, obstruction occurs:

Febrile temperature (above 38°C) for more than 3 days.
Discharge of purulent sputum when coughing.
Changes in blood tests ( increase in ESR, leukocytosis).
Moist rales on auscultation of the lungs.
Obvious wheezing when breathing with intercostal retraction.
Signs of general intoxication.

Obstructive bronchitis is accompanied by bronchospasm and paroxysmal cough.

Groups of antibiotics for bronchitis in children

To treat bronchitis, the doctor selects antibiotics from the main groups, based on the severity of inflammation, the presence of complications and age. Infants are prescribed antibiotics in the form of syrup and suspension, children over 2 years of age are prescribed medications in tablets or capsules. Injections and intravenous infusions are used for advanced disease.

Aminopenicillins

Antibiotics of the aminopenicillin series are common in the fight against childhood bronchitis. Aminopenicillins have a wide spectrum of action and the ability to quickly suppress pathogenic flora.

The most effective medicines from the group of aminopenicillins:

Flemoclav Solutab - tablets.
Augmentin - powder for suspension, tablets.
Amoxil - tablets, powder.
Ampiox - capsules, powder and lyophilisate for intramuscular injection.

But antibiotics from the aminopenicillin group often cause an allergic reaction and intestinal dysbiosis.

Cephalosporins

Antibacterial drugs from the group of cephalosporins have a wide range of effects on microbes and low toxicity for the child’s body. And 3rd generation cephalosporins practically do not cause side effects.

List effective antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins:

Claforan, Cefazolin and Ceftriaxone are medicines in powder form for the preparation of a solution for injections or intravenous infusions.
Suprax - capsules, suspension.
Zinnat - tablets, granules for preparing a suspension.

Macrolides

Macrolide antibiotics can be used to treat severe forms childhood bronchitis. High efficiency is caused by a combined effect on bacteria - bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Macrolides are well tolerated and do not cause allergic reactions.

With the help of the macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin, severe forms of childhood bronchitis can be cured.

Titles best antibiotics from the group of macrolides:

Clarithromycin - capsules and tablets for oral administration, powder for dilution (intramuscular injections).
Klacid - powder, tablets.
Azithromycin - tablets, capsules.
Sumamed - capsules, suspension.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones have an ultra-wide spectrum of action and are able to destroy all groups of microbes that cause bronchitis. But in pediatrics they are used with caution, prescribed in extreme cases. severe course bronchitis, when the disease threatens the child’s life. Before the age of 12-14 years, taking fluoroquinolones is not recommended due to the negative effect on bone tissue.

List of effective antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone group (in the form of tablets and solution for injection):

Fluoroquinolone Ciprofloxacin is able to destroy all groups of microbes that cause bronchitis.

Antibiotics for infants

In the treatment of bronchitis in children under one year of age, antibiotics from the group of macrolides and aminopenicillins are used. If the inflammation is severe, cephalosporin injections are used. The doctor selects the dosage individually based on the child’s weight.

Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone, Sumamed, Flemoxin Solutab - from the first days of life.
Ampicillin - from 1 month.
Ikzim, Zinnat, Pantsef - from 6 months.

Complications

Childhood bronchitis without treatment leads to the development of complications. The most dangerous is pneumonia. Inflammation in the bronchi with obstruction is accompanied by a violation respiratory function, and in the absence of medical care, death is possible.

Childhood bronchitis without treatment leads to the development of complications. The most dangerous is pneumonia.

Long-term or chronic bronchitis causes deformation of the mucous membrane in the bronchi, which can provoke asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Dr. Komarovsky claims that childhood bronchitis is viral in nature and only in 1% of cases is it bacterial.

It is possible to confirm the nature of the disease using a blood test and sputum culture.

To speed up recovery, the doctor advises:

Maintain optimal humidity in the room - about 60% (using a humidifier, ventilation, wet cleaning).
Give your child warm liquids more often.
Do drainage massage for better removal of mucus from the bronchi.
Do not get carried away with inhalations (otherwise you can provoke bronchospasm).
Avoid excessive consumption antiviral drugs- bronchitis in children can be treated without additional stimulation of the immune system.

When to give

Not all infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics. Thus, the causative agent of diphtheria, fungal diseases, tetanus and botulism in children are toxins. Sinusitis and inflammatory diseases of the bronchial mucosa are caused by viruses. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, ears and throat, accompanied by feverish conditions, are most often caused by the action of bacteria. Antibiotics affect only the simplest microorganisms and are useless for viral diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, chickenpox, herpes, rubella, measles.

Thus, if a child has just started to have a runny nose, a sore throat, or a fever, antibiotics should not be used immediately. In addition, after a course of one of the drugs of a certain series, the body gradually develops resistance (resistance) of pathogens to this drug and weak sensitivity to the entire series. Therefore, the prescription of antibiotics for ARVI in children is justified only if bacterial flora has joined the infection, and this usually happens no earlier than on the 3-4th day of the disease.

Titles

Each group of antibiotics has its own mechanisms of action on microorganisms and affects a specific group of bacteria. Therefore, before prescribing drugs, it is necessary to take smears (bacterial culture tests) from the throat and nose to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to certain groups of antibiotics.

Penicillin group

Amoxicillin is prescribed for bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory tract, ENT organs (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis, etc.), genitourinary system (cystitis), gastric (peritonitis, enterocolitis), infectious infections of the skin and soft tissues. Can be prescribed to children over 2 years of age.
Flemoxin Solutab is a new generation analogue of amoxicillin that can be prescribed to children from 1 year of age. Used to suppress pathogenic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci), treat pneumonia, etc.
Augmentin is a broad-spectrum drug prescribed to children from the first days of life (in the form of drops). It has bacteriolytic (destructive) properties against aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative strains. According to the instructions, it is contraindicated in patients with severe impairment of liver and kidney function.
Amoxiclav – combination antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis, acute abscesses, otitis, bronchitis, infections of the genitourinary system, skin, bones, joints, for prevention after surgical interventions. It is prescribed to children from the first days of life in the form of a suspension.

Cephalosporin group

Semi-synthetic antibiotics that are more resistant to enzymes produced by pathogenic microorganisms. Their mechanism of action is to suppress the growth of bacteria and their ability to reproduce. Prescribed when antibiotics from the previous group are ineffective over the previous 2-3 months.

Cefuroxime is an antibiotic with a broad bactericidal effect on strains of microorganisms insensitive to penicillins. Prescribed for ENT diseases, infections of the upper respiratory tract, genitourinary system, gastric tract, etc. Can be used orally, intravenously and intramuscularly from birth.
Axetil - indicated for sinusitis, sore throat, otitis, stomatitis, pneumonia, urinary tract, skin, etc. The dosage of the antibiotic is prescribed individually, based on the severity of the disease and the characteristics of the patient’s body. Prescribed from birth.
Zinacef is prescribed from infancy in dosages appropriate to body weight for bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngitis and other diseases. When using the medicine, it is necessary to constantly monitor the activity of the liver and kidneys; it can cause dysbacteriosis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Zinnat is an antibiotic with broad bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, children are prescribed in suspension from birth.
Ikzim – antimicrobial agent third generation. Used to suppress infectious processes in acute and chronic pathologies pulmonary system, ENT organs, urinary tract, intestines. Approved for use by children from 6 months.
Suprax is an antibiotic for children over 6 months of age. Prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat, nose, ears, respiratory system, etc. Constantly requires monitoring the functions of the kidneys and liver.
Ceftriaxone - prescribed for the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, respiratory tract, skin, genitourinary system, for abscesses, for prevention after surgical interventions. It is administered intramuscularly or intravenously to children from birth.

Macrolide group

Most strong antibiotics, having high activity against the bulk of pathogenic bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in children. They are considered the least toxic, safe, and fairly well tolerated by young patients. They have predominantly bacteriostatic properties, accumulate well in soft tissues, and have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and mucoregulatory effects.

Sumamed is a new generation antibiotic, prescribed to children in suspension for tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, bronchitis, otitis media, infectious dermatoses, etc.
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum drug for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, skin and genitourinary system.
Hemomycin is a drug with a pronounced bacteriostatic effect on groups of staphylococci, streptococci, gynococci, and meningococci. Prescribed to infants from 6 months.
Klacid - used to suppress infectious processes of the upper and lower respiratory tract, as well as the skin. According to the instructions, it is prescribed to children over 3 years of age.

How to take it correctly

To prevent taking antibiotics from harming the child’s developing body, parents should know a few basic rules for taking these drugs:

The course of antibiotic treatment is a minimum of 5 days, a maximum of 14 (in severe cases). Even if the child feels much better even on the 3rd day of treatment, under no circumstances should you stop treatment for at least another 48 hours. If drugs are taken incorrectly (unauthorized dose reduction, non-compliance with the dosage regimen or an incomplete course of treatment), only the weakest microorganisms die, although a temporary improvement in health is noted. The remaining bacteria mutate, adapt to the previously taken medicine and no longer respond to it. You have to look for a replacement, increase the dose, or try a completely different antibiotic.
The antibiotic should be taken at the same time every day. If you need to take the medicine 2 times a day, then this should be done exactly every 12 hours.
If the drug is given to young children in the form of a suspension or drops, then the contents of the bottle are thoroughly stirred until the liquid becomes homogeneous and all the sediment has dissolved.
Almost all antibiotics should be taken during or immediately after meals, with plenty of water (not tea, compote, milk, juice or mineral water).
To maintain a normal level of intestinal microflora and avoid the development of dysbiosis in a child, bifidobacteria or lactobacilli should be taken in parallel (prescribed by a doctor).
While taking antibiotics, it is advisable to keep the child on a diet: exclude fatty, fried, smoked foods, and sour fruits. The use of antibiotics itself greatly inhibits liver function, and heavy meals significantly increase the load.

Any antibacterial drugs are prescribed only by a doctor. The dosage is calculated based on the severity of the disease, the characteristics of the body and general condition child.

If there is no improvement within 48-72 hours after starting antibiotics, you should immediately consult a doctor to adjust treatment. The same actions should be taken by parents if an allergic reaction is detected in the child or other side effects occur.
It is always necessary to write down when, what medications, in what course were taken previously, and whether there were any allergic reactions or other side effects in children.

How often can you give

Some tips for parents on taking antibiotics:

if the disease is not very serious, the use of antibacterial drugs should be avoided;
if the child has never been given antibiotics, then therapy should be started with the weakest medicine, but the selection of the drug and its dosage must be carried out by the doctor;
after completion of treatment, the child needs to be given probiotics for some time to restore normal microflora and absorbent drugs (Enterosgel or Polysorb) to remove toxins and decay products of pathogenic bacteria from the liver and body;
for the next serious illness, the doctor will prescribe a stronger drug for the child;

Recently, many antibacterial drugs have appeared local purpose(for example, Bioparox throat spray, Isofra nasal drops, Polydex, Sofradex ear drops, Garazon, Fluimucil-antibiotic IT for inhalation, etc.) less noticeably affecting the child’s body.

Why are they dangerous?

Children are not recommended to take aminoglycoside antibiotics, which have a negative effect on the child’s hearing organs and renal system. These include Kanamycin and Gentamicin.
Children under 8 years of age are prohibited from being prescribed antibiotics of the tetracycline group (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline). The latter can contribute to the thinning of tooth enamel, as well as slower growth of the bone skeleton.
Taking chloramphenicol can lead to the development of aplastic anemia in children.
Fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) also belong to the category of antibiotics prohibited for children; they disrupt the normal development of joint cartilage.

All of the listed groups of antibiotics are prescribed to children only in exceptional cases, when the disease cannot be treated with other drugs, and the benefits of taking an antibiotic outweigh the possible risks.

Almost all antibiotics have a negative effect on the liver, are quite toxic, cause allergic reactions and other side effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract).

For infants

For infants, antibiotics are prescribed only in extremely severe cases. They are usually administered orally (considered the most gentle method) in the form of suspensions or drops. The finished mixture has a limited shelf life, so it is sold in pharmacies in the form of a bottle with powder for diluting the suspension. After treatment is completed, the drug is no longer suitable for long-term storage. If there are reasons why a child cannot take medications by mouth, injections are prescribed.

Drugs approved for use in infants:

Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Asketil, Ceftriaxone, Sumamed - from the first days of life;
Ikzim, Zinnat, Pancef, Hemomycin - from 6 months;
Flemoxin – from 1 year;
Amoxicillin – from 2 years;
Klacid - from 3 years old.

How to boost immunity after treatment

Taking antibiotics, as a rule, contributes to the development of intestinal dysbiosis in children, since they also come under attack beneficial bacteria, living in digestive tract. Therefore it is necessary simultaneous administration drugs that restore intestinal microflora. Probiotics are live cultures of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli that enrich and normalize the flora of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby increasing the body's immunity.

Commonly used probiotic preparations:

Linex - restores the natural intestinal flora, eliminates diarrhea in a child after taking antibiotics. Can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Bifiform - promotes the colonization of bacteria that produce lactic and acetic acid, which prevents the proliferation of pathogens. Approved for use in neonates.
Bifidumbacterin - restores flora, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and has immunomodulatory properties. Can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Laktiv-ratiopharm – contains bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, has a positive effect on the microflora and the entire body of the child. Prescribed for children from 2 years of age.
Hilak - normalizes the pH balance of the stomach, suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Prescribed to children from birth.

Along with taking antibiotics, children with reduced immunity are advised to use drugs that increase the body's resistance to infectious and non-infectious infections, and tissue regeneration.

Main groups of immunomodulators:

Interferon – prevents infections from affecting the body, increases defenses. Prescribed to children from 1 year.
Immunoglobulin - contains many antibodies that successfully resist pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Can be prescribed to children from the first days of life.
Anaferon is a homeopathic immunomodulator that increases the level of antibodies in the body. Approved for use from 6 months.
Aflubin is a complex homeopathic medicine that has immunostimulating, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Prescribed to children from birth.

Prescribing antibiotics to children is a difficult choice not only for mom or dad, but sometimes even for a pediatrician or family doctor. Sometimes doctors, due to the frequent illnesses of the baby and the frequent use of antibacterial drugs, have to rack their brains to answer the question of which antibiotic is best to prescribe to the child. Unlike an adult, a little person can only be prescribed certain groups of antibiotics. What kind of antibiotics these are and at what age can they be given to children, we will tell you in our article.

What broad-spectrum antibiotics can be given to children?

Penicillin series. Amoxicillin can be taken immediately after birth - from 0 years.
- Protected penicillins: Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, can be given to children from 2 years;
Cephalosporins can be taken preferentially from 6 months(this applies to first, second and third generation cephalosporins), ceftriaxone in the form of injections is prescribed from birth.
Macrolides - Azithromycin - can be taken from 6 months.

Which antibiotic is best for children?

There is no correct answer to this question. And the question, to be honest, is not entirely correct, since the choice of antibiotic depends on many factors:

what pathogen caused the disease, whether the antibiotic is sensitive to it or not;
severity of the disease;
the age of the child (some antibiotics can be given to children immediately after birth, some from 6 months, and some from 6 years);
when was the last time you took an antibiotic and what kind;
individual intolerance and allergic reactions.

Amoxicillin - modern analogues

Children from 0 years of age are allowed to use penicillin antibiotics. The most common drugs from this group today are Amoxicillin. If your child has not previously taken any antibiotics or takes them very rarely, the last dose was more than 3 months ago, then amoxicillin will become a reliable assistant in the fight against bacterial infection. It can be taken for tonsillitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, even pneumonia. For skin and biliary tract infections. Amoxicillin is also included in the treatment protocol for peptic ulcers or gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori.

Amoxicillin - analogues for children, list of drugs

Amoxil;
Flemoxin;
Amosin;
Ecobo;
Amoxil DT;
Amoxicillin Solutab - Kredofarm;
Amoxicillin Solutab - Norton;
Amoxicillin - Astrapharm;
Amoxicillin - Forte;
Ospamox;
Amofast;
V-Mox;
Graximol;
Iramox;
Hiconcil.

Amoxicillin for children dosage in tablets, suspension and syrup

The dose of amoxicillin for children is calculated very simply. For the youngest children - from birth to 2 years - the dose of amoxicillin is 20 mg/kg per day. It should be used in two doses per day. Calculation example: a child weighs 10 kg 10 x 20 = 200 mg per day. We divide this into two doses, it turns out that 100 mg 2 times a day. If we take a suspension of 125 mg/5 ml, then we need to give the child 4 ml of amoxicillin 2 times a day. Antibiotics from this group are available in different forms (in tablets and capsules of 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg; in the form of suspensions of 125 mg/5 ml, 100 ml or 60 ml bottle; in the form of suspensions of 250 mg/5 ml, 60 ml or 100 ml). For children over 2 years of age and weighing less than 40 kg, the daily dose is 25-90 mg/kg. It all depends on the child’s weight and the severity of the infection.

For children who have already taken the above antibiotics, and those who have developed resistance to penicillins, there are protected penicillins. The same amoxicillin, but in combination with clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid has an antibacterial effect, but its main benefit is that it inhibits beta-lactamases, which helps penicillin work against penicillin-resistant infections. The antibacterial spectrum is the same as that of amoxicillin.

Here is a list of the most famous combinations of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid:

Augmentin;
Amoxiclav;
Amoxil K;
Flemoclav;
Honeyclave;
Arlet;
Amovycombe;
Amoxivan;
Abiklav;
A-Klav-Pharmex;
Amox-Apo-Clav;
Coact;
Amoxiplus Farmunion;
Betaclave;
Camox-Klav;
Klavam;
Clavamitin;
Clavuxicin;
Klamox;
Novaklav;
Panclave;
Rapiklav;
Theraclave.

As you can see, the list of protected penicillins is quite extensive. This suggests that this combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is a very successful combination, which has a good therapeutic effect not only in children, but is also included in the treatment protocols for many diseases for adults. It must be taken by children who are already 2 years old. No studies have been conducted on younger children. And clavulanic acid itself has a certain toxic effect, so we choose pure amoxicillin for very young children under 2 years old, and protected penicillins with clavulanic acid are also available for older children. The dosage is calculated in the same way as for pure amoxicillin (see above).

Is it possible to give azithromycin to children?

Another antibiotic that can be used in children is azithromycin. It belongs to the group of macrolides and is approved for use from 6 months. The original drug is Summamed. Azithromroicin is active against bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, diseases of the ENT organs, skin infections, and infections of the genitourinary system. In general, it is also a representative of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Available in the form of tablets, capsules and suspension (syrup).

Azithromycin synonyms - drug analogues

Azidrop;
Azithro-Sandoz;
Azitral;
Azitrox;
Azithromycin Zentiva, - Forte, -OBL, - Red Star, - Health, etc.
Zitrolide;
AzitRus;
Zitrolide Forte;
Z-Factor;
Safocid;
Sweetrox;
Chemomycin;
Sumamed;
Ecomed;
Ziomycin;
Azimed;
Zitrox;
Ormax.

Available in capsules and tablets of 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg. For children, the relevant dose is 125 mg - 250 mg in capsules and suspensions of 100 mg/5 ml and 200 mg/5 ml. Children aged 6 months and older are prescribed at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight 1 time/day for 3 - 6 days, depending on the nature and severity of the disease. An example of calculating the dose of azithromycin for a child. For example: a child is 2 years old, weighs 13 kg. Multiply the child's weight by the number of mg of azithromycin. 13 * 10 = 130 mg per day, in one dose. It turns out that we need to give the child 6.5 ml of azithromycin suspension (100 mg/5 ml).

Although azithromycin has a good therapeutic effect, however, referring to my experience, I will say that I am skeptical about azithromycin. The reason for this attitude is the frequent side effects from the gastrointestinal tract in the form of bloating, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although these side effects disappear immediately after stopping the drug, for a small sick child this is already too much. This is my personal opinion, especially since there are safer broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins.

To avoid or reduce the side effects of azithromycin, it should be taken one hour before meals or two hours after meals.

Cephalosporins for children

Another group of antibiotics that can be taken by children is called cephalosporins. Among this group of antibacterial drugs, there are 5 generations, but children are allowed drugs of the first 3 generations, and some drugs of the 4th generation are allowed for health reasons. Cephalosporins can be taken by children from 6 months of age; they have a bactericidal effect against bacterial infections of the ENT organs, upper and lower respiratory tract. The 3rd generation also has a pronounced antibacterial effect against infections of the genitourinary system. I dedicated a separate article to this group, in which I spoke in detail about all generations of cephalosporins for children. Cephalosporins for children| List of analogues, dosage calculation

Sincerely, Mikhail Alexandrovich Skalitsky

In childhood, it is very difficult to avoid infections. Some of them require treatment. Parents are often frightened by the need to take antibiotics, because there are many myths among people about their endless harm to the body.

However, it should be remembered that the doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment only when the benefit significantly outweighs the harm. If used correctly and following all recommendations, side effects can be kept to a minimum.

Antibiotics for children: features of use

The doctor will carefully examine your throat, possibly take a swab and give a referral for further examination. If confirmed bacterial etiology disease, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic.

An antibiotic in suspension for a child’s cough is selected taking into account his age and diagnosis. Most often, children are prescribed the following drugs:

Azithromycin. It is considered a very effective drug, in some cases it is prescribed after a weaker antibiotic if there has been no progress. It is not recommended to be given to children under 6 months. Available in both suspension and capsules. Children under 6 years of age are given a suspension. Side effects are rare, but diarrhea and nausea are possible.
. Antibiotic from the Macrolide group. Analog of Azithromycin. Available in powder form for preparing a suspension. It tastes pleasant, smells like strawberries, but is not cloying. Children drink it with pleasure. It is prescribed for various ENT diseases, including severe cough caused by bronchitis, pneumonia. The drug is given to the child once a day, before or after meals. The bottle of powder is diluted completely with water, and then shaken before each use.
. The antibiotic is also from the Macrolide group. Very effective, has a wide spectrum of action. Capsules for diluting the suspension are orange in color and have a banana aroma when diluted. The dosage is prescribed depending on the child’s body weight. The dose is usually divided into two doses throughout the day.

For throat diseases

Sore throat in a child - treatment with antibiotics

There are a great many throat diseases. They can be of a different nature and have different etiologies.

In children, the most common infection is bacterial, which is accompanied by purulent plaque on the tonsils, viral,. The throat may hurt in each case, but treatment is selected individually. For bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and purulent tonsillitis, the doctor may prescribe.

Similar diseases in acute and chronic cases can lead to different (probability of complications in children preschool age increased). To avoid this, antibiotic treatment should be started immediately after the doctor's recommendation.

Most often, an antibiotic is prescribed in suspension for throat diseases in a child.

The most popular are Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Suprax. Let's take a closer look at their action:

Amoxicillin. This is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. For children under 6 years of age, granules for preparing a suspension are sold. It has a raspberry or strawberry flavor. The drug tends to enhance allergic reactions, so it is not prescribed to children with asthma and dermatitis. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, dysbacteriosis, and allergies in the form of a rash.
Amoxiclav. The drug contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which enhances its effect. It is often prescribed for pharyngitis. The suspension has no age restrictions. You can give it even to newborn children if necessary, but reducing the dosage. Usually the drug is given to the child 2 times a day, in severe cases 3 times.
Suprax. This new drug, a powerful antibiotic with a very wide spectrum of action. It is classified as a “reserve” and is prescribed when the previous drug is ineffective and the etiology of the disease is unknown. If you start treatment right away with this strong drug, bacteria will no longer respond to less powerful antibiotics. The suspension is diluted immediately in the bottle. Take it 1-2 times a day for at least a week. It is not recommended to give the drug to children under six months of age. The drug has a number of side effects, from an allergic reaction to dysbacteriosis and thrush.

Most often, mothers worry about their child up to one year old and try to protect them from infections and various medications. Therefore, the need to take antibiotics in infancy is a subject of fierce debate between mothers and pediatricians.

For small infants under one year of age, the range of antibiotics is narrowed. At this time the body is still weakened, the immune system has not fully formed, and there are enough problems with the intestines even without antibiotics.

Certainly, similar drugs affect the intestinal microflora, reduce immunity. However, in some cases, serious infections cannot be treated without antibiotics. The infection can be life-threatening for the child, and the mother, when refusing treatment, must be aware of this.

The doctor prescribes the drug in the form of a suspension and, as a rule, prescribes a probiotic at the same time.

But even in this case, dysbiosis can appear. You should not interrupt the course without a doctor’s recommendation, as this can only worsen the course of the disease. The infection may return, but with immunity to the antibiotic. The doctor will have to select a new drug and prescribe treatment again.

Most medications are contraindicated for infants under 6 months of age. There are several suspensions that are relatively safe for a child at this age. These are Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Sumamed. Small children should not be given antibiotics from the Tetracycline group. They affect the formation of tooth enamel. As a result, the child’s teeth initially grow weak.

Video - Antibiotics for children: prescription and proper use.

No need to interrupt breast-feeding if the child is taking antibiotics. Against, breast milk will strengthen his body and help cope with both infection and dysbacteriosis.

An infant can only be given an antibiotic in the form of a suspension, but not in the form of tablets or injections.Only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic to an infant. If you decide to treat a child with such drugs, you cannot interrupt the course of treatment or increase the dosage yourself. If the drug is ineffective, the doctor will change it to another, but the dosage must be age-appropriate.The mother must follow a schedule for taking the drug so that the level of the substance in the blood is maintained at a constant level, only then the child can recover faster.

Pros and cons of using antibiotics

Antibiotics for children - benefits and harms

"Healed immunity." This is what people call a decrease in immunity as a result of frequent use antibiotics. It occurs when unreasonably frequent treatment antibiotics when bacteria develop immunity. The child begins to get sick often, and treatment no longer helps.
Relapses of the disease. If you interrupt the course in the middle when the first improvements appear, it may come back again, since the improvements do not mean that all the bacteria have died.
Dysbacteriosis. Common problem during treatment even if all the rules are followed. If the doctor has prescribed probiotics, they should be given to the child to reduce the impact on the intestinal microflora.
Toxic effects on the body. back side- it too long-term use antibiotics. There is no need to continue giving them if there is no improvement. The bacteria are clearly insensitive to the drug, and further use will lead to poisoning and weakening of the body.