What should you do before vaccinating your child? How to prepare a child for vaccination? On the prevention of post-vaccination complications

Preparation for vaccination includes: medical events, as well as certain actions of the parents themselves, including the psychological preparation of the baby for vaccination.

Medical preparation of a child for vaccination

Immediately before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician. The doctor identifies contraindications to vaccination, examines him for the presence of the disease at the moment, and also prescribes tests to identify or confirm a particular disease.

Identification of contraindications. Preparation for vaccination is primarily necessary in order to identify contraindications for vaccination in time, which is what the pediatrician will do when examining the baby.

The introduction of any vaccine, like any other foreign substance (medicines, food, other substances, such as bee venom), can cause severe allergic reactions - an anaphylactic reaction, which, in the absence of emergency assistance leads to breathing problems and falls blood pressure, loss of consciousness and life-threatening condition. It develops a few minutes after vaccination, less often – after 3-4 hours. Fortunately, such reactions are extremely rare and isolated throughout the world.

Vaccinations for a child should be done in a specialized institution that has everything to provide qualified assistance in the event of anaphylactic shock (there is a treatment room, the necessary medications, and experienced medical staff). You must remain under a doctor's care for at least 30 minutes after vaccination.

Analyzes and examinations. At 3 months before the start of vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, which is carried out at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months according to the national vaccination calendar, the doctor issues a referral for general tests blood and urine, the results of which are necessary to decide on the possibility of starting vaccination. In the future (at 4, 5, 6 months) before DTP vaccination, the doctor decides on the need for these tests individually and prescribes them only if there are indications.

At 1 year of age, before the Mantoux test (testing method for tuberculosis) and vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, general blood and urine tests must be taken. It is also recommended to consult all specialized specialists (neurologist, orthopedist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist) for a more complete assessment of the child’s health status and his readiness for vaccination with a live vaccine. Immediately before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician.

Independently preparing a child for vaccinations

Before vaccination, you need to buy antipyretic drugs (your pediatrician will help you decide on the choice of such a drug), because after the vaccine is administered, the child may have a fever. It is advisable to choose products in candles, since the fragrances contained in syrups can cause an allergic reaction.

You should not give your baby new complementary foods, and a nursing mother should not expand her menu in the first three days after vaccination, as culinary innovations can cause an intolerance reaction in the baby.

It is also important psychological preparation child for vaccination. The following recommendations can be given to parents of children under one year of age:

• never allow an injection to be given to a sleeping child, so as not to frighten him;
• try to distract the baby before the injection so that he does not see the very moment of administering the medicine;
• It is advisable that during vaccination the child is in the arms of his mother or another loved one(feeling protected) and was in a good mood (not sleepy or hungry).

Never scare older children, even as a joke, with injections and vaccinations. If the child is interested in the injection, tell honestly that it will hurt a little (but not much), for example, “how a mosquito will bite,” or read a fairy tale to the child, show the cartoon “About the hippopotamus who was afraid of vaccinations.” Take your baby's favorite toy with you to the clinic. At home, you can play doctor with toys so that your baby can give them injections himself.

After the child's vaccination

Parents should be aware of possible expected reactions to the vaccine. These include:

• increased body temperature;
• child's anxiety (due to fever or pain);
• slight swelling or redness at the injection site that appears within the first 48 hours after vaccination,
• irritability;
• drowsiness, sleep disturbance;
• lack of appetite;
• loose stools and vomiting.

All these reactions do not occur so often in children after vaccination; usually children tolerate vaccinations well, and severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock, are extremely rare. But still, the baby’s condition must be monitored very carefully.

Measure your child's temperature 2 times a day, morning and evening, during the first 48 hours after vaccination if you think it has increased. If the temperature rises above 38.5°C, it is necessary to give the baby an antipyretic drug (check the dosage in advance with your pediatrician or use the instructions included with the medicine). After the first dose of an antipyretic, call a pediatrician to examine your baby, since the cause of the increase in temperature may not be vaccination, but, for example, an infectious disease. It should be noted that when vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps are administered (they are usually administered simultaneously), the baby’s temperature may increase from the 4th to the 14th day after vaccination. Also during this period, a rash may appear on the body, runny nose, coughing, slight enlargement of the salivary glands and lymph nodes. Appearance similar symptoms indicates that the child has a mild form of one of the diseases against which he was vaccinated. But parents need to remember that such children, if infected with a wild (not vaccine) virus, would develop a severe form of the disease. I would like to emphasize that a baby in such a situation cannot infect others with measles, rubella or mumps, since the vaccine type of virus is not released through the respiratory tract and the baby cannot be a source of infection, which distinguishes them from wild viruses. However, in all these cases, you also need to consult a doctor to determine whether these phenomena are related to vaccination or whether there is an independent disease.

Observe the site where the vaccine is administered. If swelling and redness appear at the injection site, if this causes anxiety and pain in the baby, you can apply a cool cloth or cotton pad moistened with water for 3-5 minutes, but usually even large swelling does not cause painful sensations in children and disappear on their own within 7–10 days.

If swelling appears at the injection site, show your child to the doctor in any case. Seek immediate advice if there is significant pain, marked redness and swelling at the vaccine injection site.

Separately, it should be said about the reaction at the injection site after administration of BCG. Usually, after 4–6 weeks, in children vaccinated during the neonatal period, a swelling with a diameter of up to 10 mm with a small crust in the middle appears at the injection site; in some cases, the formation resembles an abscess. It goes away without any treatment within 2–4 months, and sometimes longer. After this, a scar is formed, usually with a diameter of 3 to 10 mm.

Vomiting and loose stools are rare after a child’s vaccination; they occur once and do not require special treatment. But if your child has repeated vomiting or frequent loose stools, call your pediatrician: this may be a manifestation intestinal infection, and not a reaction to the administered vaccine.

Try to pay more attention to your baby after vaccination; affection and care on your part during this period will help the baby to bear all the troubles more easily.

One of the myths is the recommendation not to bathe a child on the day of vaccination and not to walk with him. In fact, it is only important not to miss the rise in body temperature in the baby. Fresh air and a shower in the evening under your careful supervision, if it pleases your baby, will help cope with general malaise after vaccination, even if it has arisen. It is advisable to avoid a hot bath in the first two days after vaccination: if at this moment the baby’s temperature begins to rise associated with the vaccination, and you did not notice it, hot bath may cause increased fever.

Emergency situations

Post-vaccination reactions are extremely rare, but they do occur. Call ambulance after vaccination it is necessary in the following cases:

1. The child has a temperature of more than 39°C, which does not decrease with the use of antipyretic drugs.
2. The baby looks pale or lethargic.
3. The child has been crying for more than 3 hours and you cannot calm him down.
4. The baby's crying seems strange to you, different from usual, the baby cries in a high-pitched voice.
5. The baby trembles, shudders, or has convulsions.
6. The child became noticeably more passive and inhibited.

When should a child's routine vaccination be postponed?

Routine vaccination is postponed until completion acute manifestations diseases (most often ARVI and influenza) and during exacerbation of chronic diseases. For acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), acute intestinal diseases Vaccinations are carried out after the baby’s temperature and condition have normalized. In order not to miss the onset of ARVI in a child, on the day of vaccination, the pediatrician should examine the baby immediately before vaccination. If someone is sick at home viral infection, and the child has been in contact with it, it is also better to postpone vaccination for a period determined by the pediatrician.

If the baby has a chronic disease, then the vaccination is done outside the period of exacerbation of the disease; its timing is determined by the doctor. This also applies to allergic diseases, for example, atopic dermatitis (it manifests itself as skin rashes on open areas body - face, hands - and itching), bronchial asthma (manifested by attacks of suffocation due to spasm of the bronchi and swelling of their mucous membrane). Vaccination is carried out during the subsidence period allergic manifestations, antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs can be prescribed for 2–3 days before the intended vaccination and for 3–5 days after it. The child must be prescribed hypoallergenic diet, which should be discussed in detail by an allergist or pediatrician; During this period, it is not recommended to introduce new types of food.

List of medical contraindications for preventive vaccinations (order No. 375 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation)

Elena Zhabinskaya

Hello, dear readers, Lena Zhabinskaya is with you.

It is well known that vaccination is the most reliable way to prevent the development of infectious diseases in children. But since this is still an intervention in the body, the reaction may be different, there are risks always and everywhere. The important thing is to simply do something to minimize them. In other words, put everything aside, sit down and read about how to prepare your child for vaccination.

Preparing for vaccination: what is it and why?

For a small organism with an immature immune system, any vaccination, including the very first one against hepatitis B, willy-nilly becomes a small test. Only his parents can help him endure it stoically, or rather, a selection of rules that they must adhere to in caring for him. In practice, they come down to frequent walks, sleep patterns, bathing, feeding, hardening, the ability to properly dress the baby in any situation, maintain optimal temperature and humidity in the room in which he spends the most time.

Before vaccination, you just need to visit a doctor to make sure that the child is absolutely healthy and to make sure that nothing provokes the development of serious consequences.

General rules for successful vaccination

Preparing a little allergy sufferer

Having an allergy is not a reason to refuse vaccination, especially when we're talking about about vaccinations such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), or DTP, because for such a child real viruses are many times more dangerous and more difficult to tolerate than for an ordinary child healthy child. It's just a need to pay attention Special attention on the nuances of administering drugs to such children.

1. vaccination only during remission. In other words, in order to avoid serious negative consequences, at least 21 days must pass from the last manifestation of an allergic reaction;
2. taking antihistamines. They are prescribed 3 days before vaccination. There are a dime a dozen of them on the modern market, however, if you have a choice, it is better to give preference to the drug Fenistil. It is allowed for children from 2 months of age, and additionally has a calming effect. In turn, if possible, it is better to avoid the usual Suprastin or Tavegil, since they dry out the mucous membranes and only aggravate the situation. In addition, there is an opinion that they should not be given at a temperature, while after some vaccinations, for example, DPT, it is a variant of the norm.

What to do after vaccination.

In general, live life to the fullest, follow the recommendations for preparing for vaccinations, and you won’t be afraid of any reactions or complications!

Reviews: 18

Questions related to vaccinating a child against infectious diseases concern all parents. One of the first vaccinations that a baby receives at a very early age is the DPT vaccine. This is why the greatest number of questions arise: what kind of reaction might there be to the DPT vaccine, how to prepare a child for the vaccine, and how to react to certain changes in the baby’s health after vaccination. It is also the most discussed vaccine, since most children react to DPT with an increase in temperature and sometimes other symptoms.

Let us consider in detail everything related to the drug itself, the rules for its use and possible reactions to the DTP vaccine in children.

What diseases are DPT used for?

What is the DPT vaccine for? The vaccine contains components from three dangerous infections bacterial origin- whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, the abbreviation of the name stands for - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

1. Whooping cough is a rapidly spreading infection that is dangerous mainly for children. It is very difficult in infants. Complicated by defeat respiratory system and occurs with pneumonia, severe cough, and convulsions. In the first half of the 20th century, whooping cough accounted for a significant portion of the causes of child mortality.
2. Diphtheria. Bacterial disease, causing severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Fibrinous effusion and films form in the larynx and trachea, which can lead to suffocation and death.
3. Tetanus is a soil infection; a person becomes infected when bacteria enter wounds in the skin. It manifests itself as a violation of muscle innervation and convulsions. Without specific treatment, the risk of death is high.

The first vaccines began to be administered to children in the 1940s. Today, several drugs are approved for use in the Russian Federation, but the main one, which is included in the vaccination calendar, is the vaccine Russian production FSUE NPO "Microgen" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This manufacturer of DTP uses a pertussis component, which consists of inactivated pertussis microbes. The DTP vaccine has a foreign-made analogue - Infanrix, as well as similar combination vaccines containing antigens and other infections.

The DTP vaccine contains:

• pertussis component - killed whooping cough bacteria in a concentration of 20 billion microbial bodies per 1 ml;
• tetanus toxoid- 30 units;
• diphtheria toxoid - 10 units;
• Merthiolate is used as a preservative.

The pertussis component of the vaccine is the most reactogenic, since it contains whole cells of whooping cough bacilli (Bordetella pertussis). It causes the development of immunity to the bacteria that causes the disease.

Tetanus and diphtheria have a special course. To protect against these diseases, it is necessary that the body has protection not so much from microbes as from the toxins that they produce. Therefore, the vaccine does not contain the pathogens themselves, but their toxins.

Vaccination schedule

When is DTP done? According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the DTP vaccination schedule is as follows.

1. The DPT vaccine is given to children three times at the ages of 3, 4½ and 6 months.
2. The interval between injections should be 30–45 days. If for some reason the first vaccination was missed, then they start from the current moment, observing intervals of one and a half months.
3. Children over four years of age are given a vaccine without a pertussis component.

The maximum interval between vaccinations is 45 days, but if for some reason the administration of the drug was missed, then the second and third vaccinations are done whenever possible - there is no need to do extra vaccinations.

Revaccination with DTP carried out in following dates: in a year at the age of one and a half years. If the first administration of the DPT vaccine was made later than three months, then revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third injection.

Graft DPT for adults is given only if they have not previously been vaccinated in childhood. A course of three injections is given at intervals of one and a half months.

At 7 and 14 years of age, children are revaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria using the ADS-M vaccine or its analogues. Such revaccinations are necessary to maintain the amount of antibodies and the stability of immunity at the proper level.

Adults receive booster vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria every ten years.

Description of instructions for use

The DTP vaccine is a suspension of white or yellowish color, packaged in ampoules. Ampoules are packed in cardboard boxes of 10 pieces.

According to the instructions for use of DPT, the drug is intended to create immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria in children. All children under four years of age must receive four doses of the vaccine. Children who have had whooping cough and have natural immunity to it are given a vaccine without a pertussis component (ADS, ADS-M).

Where is DTP vaccination given? It is placed intramuscularly in the thigh (quadriceps muscle), and in older children the injection is made in the shoulder. Intravenous administration of the DTP vaccine is not allowed.

The DTP vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations from national calendar by making injections into different areas bodies. The only exception is BCG vaccination, it is placed separately, observing a certain interval.

Contraindications for DTP

What contraindications does the DPT vaccine have and when should you not get vaccinated? Contraindications are quite numerous.

People often ask, is it possible to do DTP during teething? Yes, this does not threaten the baby in any way and does not affect the development of immunity in any way. An exception is if the baby's teething is accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this case, the vaccination is postponed until it normalizes.

How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination

Since the DTP vaccine causes big number post-vaccination reactions and complications, this vaccination requires careful attention on the part of parents and doctors. Here's how to prepare your child for the DPT vaccine.

1. By the time of vaccination, the child must be examined by all necessary specialists and not have a medical exemption from them.
2. The child must be healthy and have good blood test results. Do I need to get tested before getting DPT vaccination? Yes, it's necessary. The doctor must also conduct full inspection baby and listen to all the mother’s complaints.
3. If the baby has a predisposition to allergies - diathesis, rashes - a doctor's consultation is necessary. Most often, in this case, the vaccination is done against the background of the preventive administration of antihistamines (doctors often prescribe Fenistil before the DPT vaccination). The drug and dosage are selected by the doctor; you cannot prescribe medications to the baby yourself.

Preparation for DPT vaccination of parents immediately before vaccination includes the following.

Should I give my child Suprastin before the DTP vaccination? No such drugs should be given without a doctor's prescription. Although their intake does not affect the development of immunity, according to WHO recommendations, children should not be given antihistamines before preparing for vaccinations.

Care after vaccination

How to care for your baby after DTP vaccination? These are the questions that most often concern parents.

1. Is it necessary to give antipyretics after DTP vaccination? Yes, doctors recommend doing this in for preventive purposes without waiting for the temperature to rise. They can be used in the form of syrup, tablets or suppositories. It is best to give your baby a candle with ibuprofen at night.
2. Is it possible to go for a walk after DPT vaccination? There are no restrictions on being outdoors. After visiting vaccination room sit in the hallway for a while (15–20 minutes) in case you have a severe allergic reaction. Then you can take a short walk. Walks are canceled only if a fever or other general reaction to the vaccine occurs.
3. When can you bathe your child after DTP vaccination? It is better to refrain from swimming on the day of vaccination. In the first days, try not to wet the injection site, but it’s okay if water gets on the wound - do not rub it with a washcloth or wash it with soap.
4. Is it possible to do massage after DPT vaccination? There are no direct contraindications, but usually massage therapists recommend abstaining for 2-3 days. You can either shift the course of the massage or postpone the vaccination for several days until the massage is over.

On the day of vaccination and three days after it, you need to carefully monitor the baby’s health and, if necessary, measure body temperature.

Possible reactions to the DTP vaccine

According to various sources, from 30 to 50% of children, one way or another, react to the DPT vaccine. What reactions are considered normal and how to help your child cope with them? Most of all symptoms occur in the first 24 hours after the injection, but the reaction can occur within within three days. It should be noted that if symptoms appear later than three days after vaccination (fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections), then this is no longer a reaction to the DTP vaccine, but an independent infection, which, unfortunately, is easy to catch after visiting our clinics.

There are local and general reactions to DTP vaccination. Local include changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site.

1. A slight redness will form at the injection site after DTP vaccination. What to do? If a speck small size, then there is no need to worry. This reaction is typical to the introduction of a foreign agent. In a day or a little more, the redness will disappear.
2. Also normal reaction compaction is considered after DTP vaccination. What to do in this case? To speed up resorption, lubricate the swelling with Troxevasin gel. The lump and lump should resolve within 10–14 days. A lump at the injection site can also form if part of the vaccine was mistakenly injected into the subcutaneous tissue. In this case, the resorption of the vaccine will occur more slowly, but this will not affect the baby’s health and the formation of immunity.
3. The baby often feels pain at the injection site. It is expressed strongly or weakly, depending on individual sensitivity. Sometimes for this reason, after a DTP vaccination, a child limps, as it protects his sore leg. Applying ice to the injection site will help ease the baby's condition. If the pain does not go away for a long time, then consult a doctor.

TO general reactions relate systemic manifestations, including allergic nature.

Other reactions to the DTP vaccine include decreased appetite, restless behavior, nervousness, moodiness, and drowsiness.

Temperature and allergic reactions develop more often in response to the second administration of the DTP vaccine, when the body is already familiar with its antigens. Therefore, how the second DTP is tolerated can be used to judge how the child will tolerate subsequent vaccinations. For severe reactions or allergies DPT replaced with lighter analogues or completely eliminated the introduction of the pertussis component.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

In rare cases, a child develops a severe reaction to the DTP vaccine. This situation requires immediate medical attention. Take your baby to the hospital or call a pediatrician if the following signs appear:

• persistent crying lasting more than three hours;
• swelling at the injection site measuring more than 8 cm in diameter;
• temperature above 39 °C, which is not reduced by antipyretics.

You should also consult a doctor if you experience symptoms characteristic of complications of DPT.

Complications of the DPT vaccine

Typical reactions to the DTP vaccine disappear without a trace within a few days. But complications and side effects differ in that they require treatment and can cause serious harm to the child’s health. Why is DPT vaccination dangerous in this regard?

DTP analogues

Domestic vaccine DTP is given to children free of charge according to the vaccination schedule. If parents wish, paid foreign vaccines can be used instead. Their common advantage is that they do not contain mercury compounds as preservatives.

One of the analogues of DTP is the Tetrakok vaccine. It further includes inactivated polio virus. However, judging by the reviews, the drug has reactogenicity similar to DPT.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccination, use imported analogues DPT, made on the basis of acellular pertussis component.
These include:

• Infanrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline;
• "Infanrix IPV" (poliomyelitis added);
• Infanrix Hexa (plus polio, hepatitis B and Hib);
• "Pentaxim" produced by Sanofi Aventis Pasteur, France - against five diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, polio and Hib infection).

In conclusion, we can say that the DTP vaccine is one of the most serious vaccinations, often causing post-vaccination reactions. The child must be prepared for vaccination in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, and, if necessary, obtain advice from specialists. DPT vaccination is given only to healthy children, after which the baby is closely monitored for three days. If the temperature rises, antipyretics are given, and if symptoms develop strong reaction go to the doctor.

You can rate the article:

Actually, this vaccination has been canceled in many countries! But in Russia they do it, it’s very dangerous vaccination I wouldn't do it to my children!!!

Don’t do this, only then don’t complain if your child gets sick and the doctors can’t do anything! You made the decision not to vaccinate your child!
I am amazed at modern mothers, do you want a return to epidemics of such serious diseases? When did entire cities die out? Polio was supposed to be eradicated by the year 2000, but because of these “anti-vaxxer moms,” the danger of this disease still exists!

154+

Razil, polio has not been registered in the Russian Federation since 1998. But this is so, as information. To believe that epidemics of infectious diseases occur due to refusal to vaccinate is extremely stupid. Read at least a little information and scientific (!) literature on this topic. Of course, reading, studying, analyzing, and extracting information bit by bit among propaganda cries and pseudo-statistics is much more difficult than aggressively attacking those who have a different opinion on this issue. I dare not even think that I will make you think about this topic even for a moment. Well, I’ll ask at least one question: Do you really think that it is possible to exterminate all infectious diseases and get a “sterile” world?! Epidemics must be prevented, and there are many other ways besides the questionably effective and dangerous vaccination.

My son miraculously survived after DPT.
The consequences last a lifetime!
Encephalopathic reaction, a terrible thing! We fought for three days for the life of my child!

We received our first vaccination in a month. After it, we lost our appetite, although not one of the doctors said that this was a reaction to DTP. The child ate 20 grams per feeding. Then we were prescribed Elkar and the appetite gradually returned, the baby began to eat and gain weight, after 2 months without appetite, the child gained 180 grams. At 4.5 we were given a second vaccination, the reaction was the same, the child refused to eat. Our pediatrician said it wasn't because of the vaccine. It turns out that he is simply a LITTLE eater. We are almost 6 months old, it’s time for the 3rd vaccination, I don’t even know what to do. And when I told the doctors about the analogue, they told me not to invent it and not waste money.

This is the first time I’ve heard that DPT vaccinations are given every month.

We got the second DPT vaccine at 6 months, and after 18 days I started wiping pus from the injection site. What to do?

Asthma started after vaccination at 4 years old
👏👏👏

In the first grade they got vaccinated, in the place where the injection was given (buttock) everything was swollen, red, and then a rash began. Now we are in 3rd grade and there is a rash on our butt and thighs that can’t be treated with anything, including hormonal ointments, the result is zero... What to do?

DPT vaccines are among the most reactogenic (i.e., capable of causing adverse reactions) drugs. This is explained both by the high content of antigens and their properties - the most reactogenic components of DTP vaccines are pertussis and, to a lesser extent, diphtheria. For this reason, before vaccination with the DTP vaccine, medicinal preparation of the child is recommended.

Without exception, all (whole cell) DPT vaccines should be administered against the background of antipyretics (antipyretics). This allows, on the one hand, to prevent a possible uncontrolled increase in temperature, on the other hand, to eliminate the risk of febrile (temperature) seizures in young children that occur against a background of high fever, regardless of what caused it.

In addition, all antipyretic drugs have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The latter is especially important in preventing pain at the injection site, which can be quite severe, and on the other hand, to protect the child from severe swelling at the injection site.

If a child has allergic disorders (most often this is atopic dermatitis, i.e. diathesis), the use of antiallergic drugs is also recommended.

Neither antipyretics nor antihistamines affect the development of immunity, i.e. effectiveness of vaccination.

The general principles of using the listed drugs in preparation for vaccination are as follows:
– when purchasing medications, pay attention to this form release was suitable for the child’s age, ask the pharmacist if this medicine is suitable for the age of your child,
– when choosing forms of release of antipyretic drugs, you should make a choice in favor of rectal suppositories, since flavorings in syrups can provoke allergic reactions,
– do not wait for the temperature to rise after vaccination, administer antipyretics in advance, since the temperature may rise too quickly to be controlled later,
- Aspirin should never be used in children ( acetylsalicylic acid), if the maximum permissible dosage antipyretic is exceeded, but the effect is not achieved, then switch to a drug with another active substance(for example, from paracetamol to ibuprofen), if the child had no reactions to the previous vaccination, this does not mean that preparing the child for vaccination should be neglected - adverse reactions are more common after repeated vaccine administrations,
– in any in doubtful cases consult your doctor. Do not hesitate to call an ambulance - they may not come if the situation is not critical, but they will definitely provide advice over the phone. If the vaccination was given in paid center vaccination, do not hesitate to take the doctor’s contact information, in case of adverse reactions - in best centers Vaccination doctors leave contact information themselves, or call back themselves to find out about the child’s condition.

Approximate scheme* of preparing a child for vaccination with DTP vaccines:
Day -2, -1. if the child has diathesis or other allergic disorders, give antihistamines in a maintenance dosage
Day 0. Immediately after returning home, administer a suppository containing an antipyretic. This will prevent some reactions that develop in the first hours after vaccination (prolonged crying, swelling at the injection site, etc.). If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. A candle at night is a must. If the baby wakes up at night for feedings, check the temperature and if it rises, introduce another suppository. Continue taking antihistamine.
Day 1. If the temperature is elevated in the morning, introduce the first suppository. If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. You may need to introduce another suppository at night. Continue taking your antihistamine.
Day 2. Antipyretics are administered only when there is a fever. If its increase is insignificant, you can refuse antipyretics. Continue taking your antihistamine.
Day 3. The appearance on the 3rd day (and later) of an increase in body temperature and reactions at the vaccination site is not typical for inactivated vaccines. If the temperature does rise, you should look for another reason (teething, acute respiratory infections, etc.).

* – This diagram is provided as a recommendation and reflects general approaches, which may not take into account the specific health conditions of your child. Exact dosages, dosage regimens, list and names of specific drugs can and should be recommended only by the attending pediatrician who directly examined your child.

Vaccination - the only way protection against a number of diseases that cannot be cured by other means or the treatment itself may cause complications (for example, measles, diphtheria, etc.). Congenital immunity to infectious diseases, from which they exist vaccinations- No. If the child’s mother once had them, then for the first 3-6 months of life the full-term baby can be protected by maternal antibodies that reached him through the placenta during pregnancy and through breast milk. In premature babies and children artificial feeding there is no such protection. Since the possibility of getting sick due to contact with other people is great, it is very important to vaccinate children from a very early age.

How to prepare your baby for vaccination and try to minimize the risk of complications?

Let us immediately note that healthy children no special preparation required vaccination, you just need to first measure your body temperature (it should be normal, usually 36.6 degrees C; in children under 1 year normal temperature maybe 37.1--37.2 degrees due to the peculiarities of heat exchange, it is increased, it is not in vain that children who already walk and run are recommended to be dressed a little colder than adults), bring the child to a specialist and answer his questions. Some doctors resort to the practice of prescribing all children before vaccination, so to speak prophylactically, to take antiallergic drugs, for example TAVEGIL, CLARITIN, ZYRTEK. In reality, there is no such “universal” need. Not all children are predisposed to allergies and, accordingly, not all need such medications. Rather, this is due to the doctor’s desire to be on the safe side once again or due to the fact that identifying children at risk for allergies is a more labor-intensive process. But if the child is prone to allergic reactions, then prophylactic use antiallergic drugs are justified. For example, such a situation, a child of the first year of life, who has not previously shown allergies, is vaccinated against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP). First graft(on the first year DTP done three times) passed without any problems, but after the second vaccinations the child was introduced to a new diet, and the baby developed for the first time allergic rash This means that before the third vaccination, the child should be given a prophylactic antiallergic drug so that the rash does not recur. To prevent post-vaccination complications, the doctor must, first of all, assess the child’s health status before vaccination. Identify contraindications to it - temporary and permanent (for example, a severe allergic reaction to the previous administration of a similar vaccine), and decide whether it is necessary to prescribe any preliminary additional examinations and medications. Before vaccination, the doctor (paramedic) examines the child, measures the temperature (it should be normal - 36.6 degrees C), asks the parents in detail about the child’s life, diseases he has suffered, etc. Parents, in turn, must inform the doctor about all the features and health problems of their baby.

What you need to tell your doctor:

1. Did your temperature rise in the days leading up to vaccination? Were there any other signs of illness, such as coughing, sneezing, runny nose, that might indicate the onset of illness?
2. Does the child have any chronic diseases and does he constantly receive medications, if so, which ones?
3. Have you previously had seizures, severe allergic reactions to food, medications, etc.?
4. It is necessary to tell how the child endured previous vaccinations whether his temperature increased, whether his health worsened, etc.
5. Not recommended vaccinations immediately after returning from a long trip, especially if the climate has changed dramatically, as this creates conditions for diseases.
6. It is necessary to say whether the child has received blood-based medications or had a blood transfusion in the last three months. This affects the timing of subsequent vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps; they increase because Blood products contain ready-made antibodies - specific protective blood proteins against these infections, which “prevent” the child from actively developing immunity himself.

If, during the examination before vaccination, the doctor concludes that the child is practically healthy, a graft.

When and how are sick children vaccinated?

If a child has diseases that are currently not exacerbating and he needs to do vaccination, then preliminary examinations are added to the preventive measures carried out in healthy children. The question of the need to appoint various drugs 3-4 days before the event vaccinations and for the entire period after the process: 3-5 days after the introduction of non-live, chemical vaccines, etc., and 14 days when using live vaccines. In our previous publications, we pointed out the possibility of developing complications after vaccinations. Their prevention also includes a whole range of measures, which include adherence to vaccination techniques, administration in some cases before vaccinations and after medications that help to avoid complications, a certain regimen and nutrition for the child, patronage (special observation) after vaccination. Medical workers visit a vaccinated child at home or find out about his health status by phone, so as not to miss the situation of complications that develop after vaccinations.

What signs may indicate a child's neurological problems when examined before vaccination?

In young children - tension, bulging of the large fontanel in vertical position, expansion of the saphenous veins of the head, frequent regurgitation, excessive movements of the tongue, increased muscle tone of the arms and legs, tremor (minor trembling) of the chin and arms in a calm state, sleep disturbance, etc. The listed signs may indicate increased intracranial pressure. Excessively fast growth head, an increase in the size of the large fontanelle, instead of its contraction, and other signs may indicate hydrocephalic syndrome - excessive accumulation of brain fluid in the ventricles of the brain and other intracranial spaces. These and other diseases of the nervous system are identified and described by a neurologist during a routine examination of children under 3 months of age. To confirm or exclude pathology, carry out additional research, For example, ultrasonography brain - neurosonography, when the sensor of the device is installed on the large fontanelle and a picture of the structure of the brain is displayed on the screen. Many pediatricians and neurologists tend to be wary of vaccinating children with neurological problems for fear of aggravating the course of the pathology in the post-vaccination period. This is not correct, since the infection that is being treated graft, is much more dangerous for a child with damage to the nervous system. For example, whooping cough in such children, especially under the age of one year, can cause severe brain damage, seizures, etc. Unfortunately, sometimes people begin to think about damage to the nervous system after vaccinations, which provoked temporary deterioration in the operation of this system. Therefore, the main means of preventing post-vaccination complications from the nervous system is the timely detection of neurological pathology in a newborn, its treatment and vaccination against the background drug therapy or upon its completion. What medications are usually used in preparation for immunization of children with neurological problems? Children with increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalic syndrome, diuretics (including herbs), drugs that improve blood flow and metabolism in the brain tissue are prescribed. Courses of therapy are repeated 2-3 times a year, during the same periods the child can be immunized. If vaccination done after completion of treatment, it is advisable at the time of immunization to again administer a short course of previously used drugs (diuretics, sedatives, etc.). If your child has had seizures caused by fever, vaccinations can be carried out no earlier than 1 month after the attack. Before and after vaccinations Anticonvulsants and sometimes diuretics are prescribed. Children who have had convulsions caused by a temperature above 38.0 degrees C can then do everything vaccinations. If convulsions occurred against the background of a temperature of less than 38.0 degrees C, then the pertussis vaccine, which is part of the complex vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP), is not administered. Other vaccines can be used. All children who have previously had seizures or are predisposed to them, after vaccinations antipyretic drugs are also prescribed, since vaccines can cause high temperature and again provoke seizures. If a child has epilepsy, vaccination is also carried out no earlier than 1 month after the attack, without pertussis vaccine, against the background of anticonvulsant therapy. In severe forms of epilepsy, the question of vaccinations is decided individually with a neurologist. Children with non-progressive lesions of the nervous system (chromosomal, genetic diseases, congenital anomalies development, cerebral palsy, etc.), mental illness outside acute period, with mental retardation and have suffered inflammatory diseases nervous system have no contraindications to vaccinations. They are vaccinated using symptomatic (used to treat a specific disease) therapy or not prescribed medications at all.

Vaccinations and allergic diseases

A fairly common pathology in the first year of life and at an older age are allergic diseases: food allergies, bronchial asthma, etc. In this case, vaccinations are carried out no earlier than 1 month after the end of the exacerbation. The main principles for preventing complications after vaccination in this group of children are: diet (especially for children with food allergies), excluding the introduction of new products 5-7 days before and after vaccinations. They may have an allergic reaction to new food, which parents and doctors will mistakenly interpret as a reaction to the vaccine. Allergens to which the child is known to have allergic reactions are also excluded. For example, a child with an allergy to the pollen of a plant is not vaccinated when it blooms. Before and after vaccinations Antiallergic drugs, drugs containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli may be prescribed. They have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora, since when allergic diseases it is often violated. Children with bronchial asthma, constantly receiving inhalation drugs, including hormonal ones, this treatment is not canceled, but continues.

Vaccination of frequently ill children.

When immunizing children suffering from frequent respiratory diseases, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (ears, larynx, nose), repeated bronchitis, pneumonia, the most common problem is the development of respiratory and other infections in the post-vaccination period. Predispose to the occurrence frequent illnesses features of the child’s immune system. Not all children “mature” their immune responses at the same time, so some are more and others less susceptible to infections. Promotes diseases and stressful situation, for example, when a child does not feel comfortable in a child care facility and is in a state of chronic stress. To some extent, stress can also be attributed to vaccination. To prevent such diseases, before and after vaccination, they are prescribed restoratives(vitamins, herbal and homeopathic remedies) or antiviral drugs, made on the basis of human blood (INTERFERON) or synthetic interferon (VIFERON), etc., as well as drugs that can simulate immunity (RIBOMUNIL, POLYOXIDONIUM, etc.).

How to prepare for vaccination older preschoolers with chronic diseases?

In older children, after vaccinations already diagnosed chronic diseases of the endocrine system, connective tissue, blood and hematopoietic organs, kidneys, liver, heart, etc. The main principle of immunization of such children is to vaccinate no earlier than 1 month after the end of the exacerbation and to prevent exacerbations after vaccinations. Children with chronic illnesses undergo minimal laboratory testing (eg, urine tests for kidney disease). If the tests are normal, then the child is vaccinated against the background of anti-relapse therapy, which is prescribed 3-5 days before and 7-14 days after vaccinations. It is recommended to carry out control laboratory examinations 7, 14 and 30 days after vaccinations(urine, blood tests, etc.). Such an examination allows you to be confident in the adequacy of the drug therapy that the child received at the time of vaccinations. If the tests reveal changes characteristic of an exacerbation of a chronic disease, then subsequent vaccinations carried out after normalization of the condition against the background of more intensive treatment. This is the complex sequence of combinations required to vaccinate an obviously unhealthy baby. But you should still remember that infection, in terms of exacerbation of a chronic disease, is much more dangerous than the possibility of minimal, extremely rare, controlled exacerbations during vaccination. In addition, children with any chronic diseases are recommended to undergo additional vaccinations(in addition to planned) against hemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcal, pneumococcal infections, flu. After vaccinations, and in the following days, parents should pay attention to the child’s condition. It is recommended to measure your temperature for the first three days, especially after vaccinations against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus (DTP, Tetrakok). If the condition has not changed or worsened, i.e. the baby is cheerful, cheerful, he has a good appetite, restful sleep etc., then his lifestyle does not need to be changed. Continue as usual, feed, bathe the child, and walk with him. The only thing is to limit communication with sneezing, coughing people, and children so that the child does not have a chance of becoming infected. From the same point of view, it is not advisable to travel with a child immediately after vaccinations. If parents need to go somewhere with their baby, they should think about vaccinations in advance, 1-2 weeks before departure. During this time, antibodies to the administered vaccine will have time to develop and appear unwanted effects from vaccinations, if they are meant to be. On the road or in a foreign city it may be more difficult to provide medical care to kid.

What to do if after vaccinations Has the temperature risen or has the baby’s general condition worsened?

You should refrain from swimming and walking. Report a child's condition nurse, which provides patronage after vaccinations or a doctor. Give antipyretics in an age-appropriate dosage: for children who have previously had seizures - immediately at any elevated temperature (even if it is 37.1 degrees C), for others - at a temperature above 38.5 degrees C. Timely appeal Seeing a doctor will help you find out what the temperature is due to - a normal reaction to a vaccine, a random illness, or something else. A correct diagnosis is the key to the safety of further vaccination. Remember that redness and swelling may appear at the injection site for all vaccines, which should subside in 1-3 days. If the thickening or redness lasts longer than 4 days or its size is more than 5-8 cm, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Is it possible to do vaccination in a special center?

Any child, especially one suffering from any disease, can be vaccinated specialized centers immunoprophylaxis (branches of such centers may also exist in local clinics), under the supervision of immunologists. They will draw up an individual vaccination schedule, select the optimal type of vaccine for a particular baby, etc. Such measures will minimize the risk of developing post-vaccination complications and create effective protection the body from severe and dangerous infections.

An exception

It is known that children during acute illness or exacerbations of chronic, planned vaccinations are not carried out. Vaccination is postponed until recovery or completion of the exacerbation chronic process. However, if an emergency situation arises when it is necessary to vaccinate an unhealthy child, this can be done (vaccination for emergency indications). For example, a child is sick with ARVI, or his chronic disease has worsened, and at the same time he communicated with a patient with diphtheria or was bitten by a dog, etc. In such cases, contraindications to vaccination can be ignored in order to urgently vaccinate the child due to vital circumstances.