How to develop an elbow after a fracture. Fracture of the elbow joint and recovery after removal of the cast. What does physical exercise and open area massage include?

It can happen to almost anyone, and often completely unexpectedly, trivially living conditions. The cause may be an unfortunate fall on the elbow or straight arm, a strong blow to the olecranon, as well as previous dislocation of the joint or injury to the forearm. It should be noted that the likelihood of a fracture increases markedly with congenital weakness elbow ligaments and tendons.

After a long-term fixation with a plaster, as a result of which the elbow is constantly in a motionless state, it is very difficult to move it at first, so you need to know how to develop an arm after a fracture in the elbow joint. To restore mobility, the doctor will certainly prescribe a set of rehabilitation measures, including mandatory daily physical exercise, easy to do at home.

In case of a closed fracture of the elbow joint without displacement, plaster should be applied for approximately 5-6 weeks, and in case of displacement - for much more long term: from 2 months to six months. After removing the plaster, the attending physician will explain how to develop the elbow joint after a fracture, prescribe a course of physiotherapy (electrophoresis, ozokerite, paraffin, mud therapy, ozokerite, etc.), it is possible to develop the affected arm using special equipment, and later massage. My patients use a proven remedy, thanks to which they can get rid of pain in 2 weeks without much effort.

How to develop an arm after a crack in the elbow joint?

The question often arises of how to develop a hand after a crack in it, so we list the necessary different stages exercise treatment. You should not think that you need to start development only after removing the plaster. On the contrary, to prevent complete atrophy of the muscles, it is recommended to do exercises even in the presence of a cast: on the second or third day after the fracture, you can make movements of the free shoulder joint and fingers. Here is an indicative list of exercises:

Clenching and then unclenching the fingers.
Extend your fingers to their maximum width.
Movement alternately with all fingers in a circular arrow.

It is also useful to practice modeling from plasticine.
To reduce swelling, the following exercise is recommended: the arm is retracted and placed on a pillow behind the head, due to which the muscles of both the forearm and shoulder are tense.

Immediately after the plaster removal procedure, you will have to do this at home several times a day, for about 10-15 minutes. special exercises, and in no case should they be stopped at the first improvement in the condition:

You need to start with simple flexion and extension of the arm at the elbow joint without additional load, however, at first this is a very painful procedure. To do this, it is better to place the shoulder of the sore arm on the table so that the edge of the table is at the armpit, and extend the arm. After this, sit down with your torso slightly tilted forward and bend and straighten both arms. You can also perform flexion and extension by raising your hands behind your head, clasping your hands, and so on.
After 2-3 weeks, when mobility has recovered a little, you need to perform the same exercises, but with a small load, for example, with a 1 kg weight. You need to repeat flexion-extension 50-100 times in one go.
Sit down, place your forearm on the table, take a children's rolling toy in your fingers and roll it.
At the same time, you need to develop your hand, strongly squeezing and unclenching your palm, preferably with a special ball in it.

All exercises should be performed in parallel and with a healthy hand. Doctors also recommend doing gymnastics in a bath with warm water, possibly with the addition of sea salt, twice a day for about 10 minutes, this is especially effective.

Since it is not easy to develop the elbow joint, keep in mind that neglecting to do the exercises can lead to quite serious consequences, including loss of mobility of the joint.

Please note that after a fracture you cannot carry heavy objects until the end of the rehabilitation period. It is not recommended to use warm compresses and ointments.

Video on the topic

The structure of the elbow is quite complex; it consists of three main bones:

Brachial;
Elbow;
Ray.

Also in the elbow joint there are also muscles, ligaments, nerve endings and blood vessels. The human elbow moves only in two directions - it bends and extends, but the mechanism of movement is quite complex.

During a fracture, damage to the neurovascular bundle occurs, which can lead to very significant consequences. Often, after such an injury, surgical measures are prescribed, especially if hemarthrosis occurs.

Classification

Usually the damage is localized in the area of the process ulna, since there are no muscles that would protect it. You may also encounter other types of fractures:

damage to the head or neck of the beam;
trauma of the coronoid process;
fracture of the humeral condyles.

In addition, the injury can be open or closed, and also located inside joint capsule or beyond. Bone fragments may move from their places or remain in an anatomical position.

Most often, you encounter a closed type of injury, during which the bones do not injure nearby soft tissues. In open trauma, the skin is damaged when bone fragments break through it.

Intra-articular;
Periarticular.

Intra-articular fractures are:

With displacement of bone fragments;
No displacement of bone fragments.

Traumatic fractures of the elbow joint are divided into:

When a person is injured, one bone may break (approximately 53% of cases) or several bones at once, most often 2-3. In addition, combined damage to the elbow is possible in the form of a fracture, dislocation or polytrauma, when the victim has multiple injuries.

By localization:

Fracture olecranon;
Supracondyle fracture humerus;
Intra-articular fracture of one of the bones.

Exist different kinds fracture of the process, depending on the mechanism and force of injury.

In relation to the joint, there are 2 types of fractures:

Classification of elbow joint fractures is carried out according to general parameters, and by signs characteristic of damage to intra-articular elements.

By contact with external environment:

Primary open;
Secondary open;
Closed.

Primary open fractures are characterized by damage to soft tissues caused by an external traumatic agent. In secondary open injuries, tissues are damaged by bone fragments. Closed fractures have no contact with the external environment.

By the presence of fragments:

Single fragmented;
Splintered;
Splinter-free.

In single-comminuted fractures, there is 1 bone fragment at the site of injury. Multifragmented injuries are characterized by the presence of many small bone elements.

Comminuted fractures can also include their crushed variety, when there is no clear fracture line. On an x-ray it can be seen great amount the smallest elements of bone.

The most complete and successful classification is considered to be developed by the Swiss surgeon Kocher in 1886:

Group A. Fractures of the lower end of the humerus:

Group B. Fractures of the upper end of the forearm:

coronoid process;
Olecranon;
Heads radius;
Radial necks.

Displaced fracture of the ulna

Displacement of bone fragments most often occurs with fractures of the olecranon. Significant displacement proximal part bone is accompanied by damage to the triceps tendon and dislocation of the head of the radial bone - Malgenya injury.

While maintaining the integrity of the tendon, the fragments are displaced slightly, which sometimes makes it possible to do without their surgical comparison.

Displaced elbow fractures lead to complete loss of function of the limb; it hangs freely along the body. Attempts to bend the arm provoke a sharp outbreak of pain. Passive flexion is maintained, but is also accompanied by pain.

Symptoms of an Elbow Fracture

Intra-articular fractures of the elbow lead to the following symptoms:

If the anatomical position of the fragments is preserved and there is no displacement, the function of the limb can be partially preserved. In this case, any flexion or extension movements in the elbow joint are extremely painful.

The position of the injured arm is often forced. In some cases, palpation can be used to feel the fracture line.

Symptoms of elbow fractures

The main symptom of an elbow fracture is intense pain, and this condition can be caused by injury to bones, cartilage, damage to blood vessels, as well as tissue and nerves.

When a fracture occurs, a specific crunch is heard, and then a change in the shape (deformation) of the elbow joint and limitation of flexion-extension movement in the arm are observed, and in some cases complete immobilization may occur.

With such an injury, the victim intuitively extends the injured arm along the body.

Gap blood vessels in the injured area causes bruising, and swelling of the soft tissues leads to the development of swelling.

In a displaced fracture, passive extension of the forearm is observed, while active extension is accompanied by severe pain. A fracture without displacement only leads to limited mobility in the joint.

Diagnostic methods

After an initial examination by a traumatologist, the patient is sent for additional examination, this may be:

Radiography;
Computed tomography (CT);
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);

Traditionally, radiography is used to diagnose a fracture; the image is taken in 2 projections.

For simple fractures, this study is sufficient.

Computed tomography is more precise research, which allows you to visualize in detail all bone fragments, their location, and the condition of the joint.

The study is indicated in cases of complex displaced fractures.

Magnetic resonance imaging. This research method is not associated with radiation exposure, therefore it is recommended for children, pregnant and lactating women. In addition, it allows, in addition to bone, to examine the condition of soft tissues: ligaments, muscles, joint capsule.

Diagnosis of elbow fractures is made based on the results of examination of the victim. However, to confirm the diagnosis in mandatory One of the types of x-ray examination is used:

As a rule, ordinary radiography is sufficient for a final diagnosis.

Expensive examination methods are used only for complex fractures, when the doctor needs to obtain a three-dimensional image of the damaged area and determine the degree of damage to the surrounding soft tissue.

Treatment

Therapy and further rehabilitation are prescribed by the doctor based on the type of damage and the location of the fault line. A fracture of the elbow joint occurs in a variety of everyday situations or during sports activities.

A person may fall on their elbow or be hit on the arm with a heavy object during a fight. One way or another, the victim needs qualified treatment, so he needs to be given first aid and taken to the nearest hospital.

After the patient is admitted to the hospital, he must go through a series of diagnostic procedures, after which the doctor puts accurate diagnosis. In addition to basic rehabilitation therapy, the victim is also prescribed painkillers, since this injury is typical strong manifestation pain syndrome.

Sometimes such damage can be so serious that immediate surgical treatment is prescribed. If the injury is not too severe, the bones heal quickly and the patient returns to usual life.

To ensure that the recovery period takes as little time as possible, the victim is prescribed exercises to develop the elbow joint.

When a person receives such an injury, the arm does not extend for a long time, because it is fixed with a plaster cast or a special splint.

Due to immobilization, muscle and tendon tissue lose their functionality. Helps speed up recovery upper limb a special set of exercises and other procedures:.

physiotherapy;
massages;
various physiotherapeutic procedures.

Full recovery requires some time, because an elbow fracture is a serious injury. Working out the elbow joint after a fracture is not a pleasant process, because during exercises a person often experiences pain.

But in order for the arm to straighten again and fully perform its functions, it is necessary to adhere to the doctor’s recommendations and do everything he recommends.

Medical tactics directly depends on the degree of violation of the ratio internal structures elbow joint.

Basic principles of treatment for an elbow fracture:

Accurate reposition of bone fragments and fragments;
Strong fixation;
Early feature(active movements in the elbow joint).

Immediately after the fracture, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of the injured upper limb (immobilization). Ladder bus is applied to the arm from the upper third of the shoulder and reaches the heads of the metacarpal bones.

The injured arm is in a position of flexion at the elbow joint of 90-100 degrees. After this, the victim must be hospitalized in the trauma department of the hospital.

For intra-articular fractures without displacement of bone fragments, the victim is given a plaster cast for 2-3 weeks. It starts from the heads of the metacarpal bones and reaches the upper third of the humerus.

The injured elbow joint should be fixed at an angle of 90 - 100 degrees, and the patient's forearm should be in the middle position. To avoid the subsequent development of myositis ossificans, it is necessary to refrain from massage in the elbow area.

If a victim has a fracture of the lower part of the humerus, bone fragments have been displaced, then the doctor must compare them - reposition them.

With intra-articular fractures this has a very great importance, since displaced bone fragments can lead to deformation of the elbow and limitation of motor functions in the elbow joint.

One of the features of the treatment of intra-articular fractures is that it is necessary to stop therapeutic immobilization of the broken elbow joint as soon as possible.

If the doctor was unable to compare the bone fragments conservatively, then surgical treatment is indicated for the patient. During the operation, the traumatologist can accurately compare all the bone fragments and fix them with bolts and screws.

If a victim has a crushed or comminuted fracture as a result of an injury, then the bone fragments must be fixed using extrafocal hardware osteosynthesis.

Surgical treatment for a fracture of the olecranon is indicated if the diastasis between the bone fragments is more than two or three centimeters, and it manifests itself when the elbow is bent at an angle of up to 100 degrees.

In case of a fracture in the area of the head and neck of the radius without displacement of bone fragments, the patient is given an external plaster splint for 7-10 days. After removing the plaster, the patient is prescribed dosed movements in the elbow joint, as well as various physiotherapy procedures (paraffin baths, Sollux).

The load on the elbow should be moderate, only with the permission of the attending physician. Typically within 3-4 weeks physiological function the elbow joint is almost completely restored.

If the victim has a crushed fracture of the head and neck of the radius or a fracture with significant displacement of bone fragments that impairs the rotational mobility of the elbow joint, then the doctor must perform a resection of the head of the radius.

In case of a fracture in the area of the coronoid process of the ulna, the victim is given a circular plaster cast from the upper third of the shoulder to the heads of the metacarpal bones for three weeks.

After the immobilizing bandage is removed, the patient must undergo a course of rehabilitation treatment. In the event that a fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna does not heal for a long time and bone fragment is located in the elbow joint, then surgical treatment is indicated for the patient.

IN severe cases The patient has the head of the bone removed and an endoprosthesis is installed.

Patients' ability to work is usually restored within 5-8 weeks after injury.

If you suspect a fracture of the olecranon, when it is not possible to immediately see a doctor, the victim must be given first aid. The arm, bent at the elbow joint at an angle of 90-110°, must be suspended from the body and fixed.

If you don’t have a bandage at hand, you can use a scarf, a scarf, or a piece of cloth. You should also be given a pain reliever or sedative.

The choice of treatment for a fracture is based on the results of the examination and clarification of the diagnosis. For ordinary fractures without displacement of fragments, conservative treatment on an outpatient basis.

Complex fractures: fragmentation, displacement - are subject to surgical treatment in a trauma department.

Conservative treatment

If the displacement of the fragments is insignificant and there is a possibility of their fusion, simply immobilization is indicated.

Usually a plaster splint is placed along the extensor (back) surface of the arm, starting from upper sections shoulder and ending at the wrist. In this case, the arm is bent at the elbow joint at an angle of 80-90° with the forearm and hand turned palm up.

Additionally, the limb is suspended from the neck using a scarf or bandage. A continuous circular bandage is not applied to avoid compression and swelling of the tissue. In modern practice in similar cases orthosis splints are used.

The duration of hand immobilization is from 3 to 4 weeks. During this period, a few days after the injury, when the swelling goes down, physiotherapeutic procedures and exercise therapy for free joints (shoulder, fingers) are prescribed.

After fusion and formation of a strong callus the bandage is removed and rehabilitation treatment is prescribed.

Surgery

Surgeries for a fracture of the olecranon with or without displacement can be performed urgently, that is, in the first days after the injury, and at a later date if the patient came with an incorrectly healed fracture suffered earlier.

Target surgical treatment– adequate comparison of bone fragments and their fixation in the correct, physiological position.

There are many methods surgical treatment fracture of the olecranon, their choice depends on the characteristics of the injury and its duration. Most often in traumatological practice for fractures of the olecranon process they are used. following operations:

After osteosynthesis surgery, a cast is also applied for 3-6 weeks, depending on the volume of intervention, then restorative treatment is prescribed.

Healing of the fracture and professionally performed osteosynthesis of the olecranon process is only half the battle when the elbow is damaged. It is necessary to restore limb function after prolonged immobilization.

Rehabilitation after an olecranon fracture begins within a few days after the injury or surgery, when the arm is fixed with a splint. Careful movements in the shoulder joint, movements of the fingers, and volitional contractions of the muscles of the forearm under the bandage are prescribed.

This improves blood circulation and prevents muscle atrophy.

After removing the splint, a full course of rehabilitation is prescribed, which includes:

A fracture of the olecranon leaves no consequences when the main course of treatment is supplemented with full rehabilitation up to full recovery hand functions.

You can read about nutrition during fracture healing and during the recovery period here.

Non-displaced elbow fractures are treated conservatively. In this case, a deep plaster splint is applied to the back of the limb, starting from the upper third of the shoulder and ending in the area of the wrist joint.

The same is done for small displacements, if reposition was achieved by straightening the joint. The splint is applied for up to 4 weeks.

In this case, temporary removal of the immobilizing bandage for carrying out exercise therapy allowed at the end of the 2nd week of treatment. After classes, the splint is returned to its place.

For displaced elbow peleloma, surgery is necessary. Osteosynthesis for comminuted fractures and significant displacement of fragments is carried out using the “tightening loop” method. In this case, channels are made in the fragments, through which the doctor pulls a special wire.

The resulting loop has an eight-shaped shape. The wire is pulled to outer surface bones, firmly fixing the fragments in the required position.

Osteosynthesis using a “tightening loop” is good because it does not require long-term immobilization of the limb.

Postoperative suture covered with an aseptic bandage, and the hand is suspended on a “kerchief”. Active movements in the elbow joint are allowed already on the 3rd day after the intervention.

Full range of motion is restored on average within a month. It is necessary to remove the fixing structures after 3-4 months, after complete fusion of the bone.

For fractures of the elbow joint, the following drug therapy is used:

Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs

The use of painkillers is especially important in the first days after injury. Patients are prescribed drugs such as analgin, ketorol, ketorolac, ibuprufen, baralgin.

They help reduce pain intensity, swelling and inflammation. For very severe pain, narcotic analgesics can be used.

Antibacterial agents indicated in 100% of cases of open fractures and fractures whose treatment required surgery. Closed fractures without displacement, which are treated conservatively, require antibiotics only in cases of severe inflammation.

Antitetanus serum

In case of open fractures and the wound is contaminated with soil, a tetanus vaccination is mandatory for all victims.

Open injuries, and surgery require the patient to be prescribed hemostatic agents (aminocaproic acid, vikasol, etamsylate). This reduces the risk postoperative complications, prevents the re-development of hemarthrosis, prevents the increase in hematoma at the site of bone damage.

Calcium preparations, multivitamin complexes, vitamin D₃

All these drugs allow you to speed up healing, improve the quality of bone connection, and restore limb function as quickly as possible.

Physiotherapy for fractures of the elbow joint is prescribed at the end of the 2nd week of treatment. In this case, the affected area is exposed to low-frequency and pulsed magnetic fields.

Magnetotherapy helps accelerate the regeneration of cartilage and bone tissue, improves blood microcirculation, prevents thrombosis, reduces swelling and reduces intensity inflammatory process.

It is important to remember that prescribing magnetic therapy too early increases the risk of postoperative bleeding or bleeding into the joint from vessels damaged at the time of injury.

In addition, physiotherapy is not used in the presence of a pacemaker, malignant neoplasms, acute cardiovascular pathology and pregnancy.

After removing the plaster cast, the patient is prescribed ozokerite applications, warming, electropheresis with calcium preparations, salt baths, mud therapy.

Plaster for elbow fracture

Depending on the type of fracture, treatment may vary. For a diagnosed non-displaced fracture, conservative treatment is used.

In this case, a posterior plaster splint is applied, and the arm remains bent at the elbow joint at an angle of 90°. The same treatment is prescribed for a slightly displaced fracture.

If a fracture with severe displacement is diagnosed, then surgical intervention cannot be avoided.

Surgery for a fracture of the elbow joint consists of three stages:

Reposition of the olecranon;
Osteosynthesis of the olecranon – metal pins, bone pins, and screws can be used for this purpose;
Stitching of the olecranon process is performed at an angle of 100° -110°.

The second stage of treatment consists of performing certain exercises that are aimed at preventing the development of contractures. The next day after the fracture, you must begin to move your arm, but without flexion movements in the damaged joint.

Finger exercises should be carried out, since the muscles that move them begin in the elbow joint. In addition, to prevent swelling, it is necessary to periodically raise the injured arm above your head while lying down.

The second stage of treatment involves removing part of the plaster cast.

First aid for a fractured ulna

First aid for a broken elbow consists of completely immobilizing the injured arm. In the absence of a specialized medical splint, the latter can be made from improvised materials: planks, fishing rods, flexible metal rods.

When applying a splint, the limb should be carefully bent at an angle of 90˚, with the palm turned towards the victim’s face. If an attempt to give the arm the required position is accompanied by a sharp increase in pain, bending should be abandoned and the arm should be fixed in the position it assumed after the injury.

Before applying the splint to the body, wrap it with bandages, soft cloth, gauze. It is not advisable to use unprotected metal or wooden elements, as they can cause additional damage.

The splint is applied in such a way that it immobilizes not only the elbow, but also the wrist and shoulder joints.

If there are no materials for making a splint, the arm can be suspended in a free position on a bandage of the “scarf” type. In this case, the victim must support the limb with his healthy hand to avoid excessive mobility.

In case of open fractures of the ulna, the wound along the edges must be treated with any antiseptic and bandage sterile bandage. Apply cotton wool to open wounds undesirable, as this will subsequently complicate the primary surgical treatment.

Physiotherapy for elbow fracture

Physiotherapy procedures are aimed at creating conditions for bone restoration after a fracture. Warming is more often prescribed; for this purpose, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis and UHF are used.

Such procedures speed up the rehabilitation process and help a person quickly return to their previous lifestyle. Intra-articular fractures are serious problem, since in the future there is a danger of restriction of movements, arthrosis of the joints may develop.

Although rehabilitation takes a lot of time, it is important to carry it out to the extent prescribed by the doctor, this increases the chances of a faster recovery.

The healing process is also correct menu. Food can speed up the healing process; for this it is important to monitor your diet. Vitamins C and E help strengthen ligaments. Collagen is also necessary - this is a special protein that has the ability to “glue” and serve as the basis for human connective tissue. Collagen-rich foods:

poultry meat;
fish;
seafood, including seaweed;
cereals (buckwheat and oatmeal);
fruits (persimmons and peaches).

The former motor function the elbow joint is very difficult to return. And therefore, in order to fully and quickly restore its performance, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed simultaneously with therapeutic training and massage sessions.

To treat the elbow joint, ozokerite baths, mud therapy, magnetic therapy, paraffin, electrophoresis and UHF are used.

With a responsible approach to your treatment and following all the recommendations of doctors, it is quite possible to develop the elbow joint and completely return it to its original mobility.

When the arm is in a cast for a long time, blood circulation in the elbow joint is impaired. Without a sufficient supply of oxygenated blood, the blood supply to the tendons and muscles suffers, and their partial atrophy occurs.

In order to prevent all these pathophysiological phenomena, after removing the immobilizing bandage, the patient is prescribed therapeutic exercises, exercises in water and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Average term rehabilitation depends on the type and severity of the fracture. On average, it takes 1.5-2 months to restore lost joint functions.

Development of elbow joint functions using physical therapy is carried out in three main stages.

First stage

Even during the period of immobilization, the patient not only needs to undergo general developmental breathing exercises, but also the initial stages of physical therapy. As a rule, the first exercises are done the next day after applying the plaster cast. It is necessary to start with those parts of the arm that are free from the plaster cast: the shoulder joint and the joints of the fingers.
There are special exercises that are aimed at combating swelling of the limb and improving blood circulation in it:
Hands must be placed on a pillow behind the head or to the sides (in the abduction position). In this case, the patient should send impulses to the plastered elbow joints and not strain the muscles of the forearm and shoulder too much.
Immediately after the patient's plaster cast is removed, you can carefully perform slow flexion and extension exercises at the elbow joint.

Second phase

It includes exercises that are aimed at developing the functions of the elbow joint.

The starting position of the patient is sitting. The patient's hand is placed on the table (in this case, the correct position would be when the edge of the table is in the armpit area). Slow flexion and extension are performed at the elbow joint.
The starting position of the patient is sitting. The patient's forearm is placed on a high table. You need to take a children's rolling toy in your hands and, with the shoulder fixed, the patient gradually “rolls” the forearm area with the help of the toy.
The patient's starting position is sitting or standing. The patient should pick up a small ball or gymnastic stick and perform various simple exercises with them to develop the elbow joint. When performing these exercises, the patient should not experience pain.
The patient's starting position is standing with the torso slightly tilted forward or in a sitting position. Slowly flex and extend the elbow joint simultaneously with the healthy arm. To perform this exercise, you need to raise your hands up, clasp your fingers and lower them behind your head.

These exercises are performed by the patient in a bath with warm water. Average duration such charging: 10-15 minutes every day.

Third stage

If a patient has various restrictions of movement in the elbow joint after an injury, then he is prescribed physiotherapeutic procedures.

Physiotherapy preference is given to paraffin applications, currents, mud therapy and ozokerite baths. After a course of physical therapy has been completed, the rehabilitation doctor prescribes exercise therapy for the patient.

Exercises performed by the patient in water at a comfortable temperature (for example, in a swimming pool) are very effective.

The patient needs to perform flexion and extension at the elbow joint, supination and pronation.

Characteristic feature performing exercises in the pool is the fact that when the patient is in warm water, the hand gradually relaxes, all exercises and movements are done much easier and without pain, however, even in this case, it is necessary to observe the measure and not overwork the injured hand.

In any rehabilitation period, the average number of repetitions of exercises is 5 times. Exercises throughout the entire rehabilitation period must be performed several times a day.

With this type of physical therapy, the patient must ensure that the arm does not get too tired. If the patient feels even slight pain in the elbow area or his arm quickly gets tired while performing the exercise, then it is necessary to give the arm a little rest.

Very many patients with various injuries in the area of the elbow joint, I am interested in the question: “Is it possible to perform a massage in the elbow area?”

In the first period of rehabilitation, massage is contraindicated. You can massage the upper limb above or below the injury to the elbow joint, as well as massage in the back area.

After the volume of lost movements in the joint has been restored, the patient is allowed to undergo a very gentle medical massage.

The main goal of this method of rehabilitation therapy is to restore the range of lost movements and improve local blood supply. With massage, traces of periarticular hemorrhages gradually resolve.

Massage in this case helps the patient prevent atrophy of muscle fibers and strengthen the ligamentous apparatus of the elbow joint.

During the rehabilitation period, the patient is contraindicated in various passive movements.

Carrying various weights is prohibited; muscle overwork should be avoided. In this case, you should not do static supports and hangs, as well as exercises that cause pain.

Proper nutrition

Equally important for the restoration of the joint is proper nutrition, that is, food that promotes the regeneration and strengthening of the osteoarticular apparatus.

The nutrition of a patient in a hospital is monitored by specialists. However, even after discharge you must adhere to a certain menu. Before discharge, the patient is told in detail about the principles of proper nutrition:

Mucopolysaccharides will help restore the functionality of the joint. They are found in such dishes and products as:
- Dishes prepared on the basis of cartilage and bones (jelly, jellied meat, meat soups and broths);
- By-products;
- Kissel;
- Jelly.

People leading active image Those who regularly engage in sports often suffer from such a common injury as a broken hand. The elbow is also injured quite often - this is a very painful injury, after which complications and dysfunction of the limb often arise.

The prerequisites for fractures and other injuries of the elbow joint are weakening of the ligaments and tendons surrounding it. The most severe complication, if the elbow is injured, the arm is completely immobile, while after a fracture of other joints, mobility remains, although limited.

In addition, a fracture of the elbow joint is not always a damage to bone tissue; sometimes immobility occurs due to a tendon rupture.

What is elbow joint development?

The treatment program, as well as rehabilitation after it, directly depends on the type of fracture of the elbow joint. Fractures occur mainly when falling on a limb or strong impact with a blunt object. The patient suffers greatly from pain due to injuries to the elbow joint and cannot move his arm.

After applying a splint and taking a painkiller, if you have such an injury to the elbow joint, you should immediately go to the emergency room. To accurately determine the severity of the fracture, the doctor will order an x-ray. After receiving the results, the doctor will make a diagnosis and determine what treatment and rehabilitation is needed.

Sometimes, if the elbow injury is particularly severe, surgery is required. After surgery, a plaster splint is applied to the joint, which cannot be removed for the next 6-10 weeks.

During this period it is carried out drug treatment, and after the plaster is removed, you will need to develop the joint by performing exercises prescribed by the doctor.

Why is it necessary to develop the elbow joint after the plaster is removed? The limb was completely immobilized for several weeks - this time is enough for the muscle and connective tissues to weaken and begin to atrophy. Their functionality needs to be restored.

To do this you need to do:

Exercises from physical therapy;
Massage;
Physiotherapy.

Recovery will take some time - you cannot immediately start doing intense exercises and overloading the injured joint.

Pain and discomfort may occur during the process, but this is not a reason to stop exercising. You just need to adjust the loads a little.

Exercises and massage during the rehabilitation period

Physical therapy is an opportunity naturally restore the function of the joint and limb, it is necessary after such a serious injury as a fracture of the elbow joint. If the exercises are not performed or performed in bad faith, the mobility of the joint may never return to its full extent.

Many patients believe that exercises should begin when the cast is removed. This is wrong. Low-impact exercises are prescribed immediately and should be started on the second day after the plaster splint is applied. Those joints that retain mobility and are free from a plaster cast are used.

If your elbow is injured, healthy shoulder and wrist joints are quite capable of performing simple exercises without weights. Special exercises are also given for the fingers - their mobility also affects the development of the injured elbow.

Very often the limb with such injuries is swollen, which makes it difficult to perform exercises. In this case, it is recommended to lie on your back and move the affected limb behind your back, after which you can continue to perform the exercises available in this position.

As the tissues recover, the doctor prescribes exercises that place stress directly on the elbow joint.

It is important to remember that you cannot bend or straighten your arm at the elbow joint at first.

Before classes, the plaster cast is removed for a while, as well as after completing the exercises, it will need to be put on again.

Restorative gymnastics is performed as follows:

The patient sits on a chair at the table, and the injured limb is lowered onto the table.
When engaging the shoulder joint, the patient should try to lift the elbow off the table surface.
Next, the hands are joined into a lock and the patient should try to lift them up and behind the head.

Performing these exercises is not so easy, although they may seem simple. You need to make an effort, show endurance and willpower, but it is completely justified - the functionality of the limb will be restored much faster.

After removing the plaster, the development of the joint consists of performing exercises to flex and extend the arm at the elbow joint; loads are also given gradually.

The massage is performed when the limb is freed from the cast. This is a very effective recovery method; massage stimulates blood circulation and thereby prevents muscle tissue wasting.

You can perform massage earlier, when the limb is still immobilized with a plaster cast. In this case, the shoulder girdle is massaged and top part chest– such actions also support blood circulation and promote recovery nerve endings associated with the spinal cord.

Moment full recovery and return to full life will bring closer balanced diet patient. Vitamins C and E have a very beneficial effect on joint ligaments.

You can’t do without collagen - this substance is the basis of connective tissues in the human body and is responsible for their firmness and elasticity.

Collagen in large quantities contain the following products:

Poultry and sea fish;
Any seafood;
Some fruits - persimmons, peaches;
Cereals – buckwheat and oatmeal.

Vitamin C strengthens the immune system, and this is very important for such complex injuries as a fracture, however, others will also be required. All the body’s resources are devoted to restoring bone tissue, which is why it becomes especially susceptible to infections and viruses, which will complicate and prolong treatment.

Vitamin C can be obtained from cabbage, sweet peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, citrus fruits, rose hips and black currants.

In fact, the human body is unique; its tissues are capable of regenerating on their own, naturally. But it is within the power of a person to help this process and significantly speed it up.

Today we offer an article on the topic: “Exercises to develop the elbow joint after a fracture.” We tried to describe everything clearly and in detail. If you have any questions, ask at the end of the article.

In order to prevent all these pathophysiological phenomena, after removing the immobilizing bandage, the patient is prescribed therapeutic exercises, exercises in water and physiotherapeutic treatment.

The average rehabilitation period depends on the type and severity of the fracture. On average, it takes 1.5-2 months to restore lost joint functions.

The development of the functions of the elbow joint with the help of physical therapy is carried out in three main stages.

First stage

Even during the period of immobilization, the patient needs not only to carry out general developmental breathing exercises, but also the initial stages of physical therapy. As a rule, the first exercises are done the next day after applying the plaster cast. It is necessary to start with those parts of the arm that are free from the plaster cast: the shoulder joint and the joints of the fingers.
There are special exercises that are aimed at combating swelling of the limb and improving blood circulation in it:
Hands must be placed on a pillow behind the head or to the sides (in the abduction position). In this case, the patient should send impulses to the plastered elbow joints and not strain the muscles of the forearm and shoulder too much.
Immediately after the patient's plaster cast is removed, you can carefully perform slow flexion and extension exercises at the elbow joint.

Second phase

It includes exercises that are aimed at developing the functions of the elbow joint.

The starting position of the patient is sitting. The patient's hand is placed on the table (in this case, the correct position would be when the edge of the table is in the armpit area). Slow flexion and extension are performed at the elbow joint.
The starting position of the patient is sitting. The patient's forearm is placed on a high table. You need to take a children's rolling toy in your hands and, with the shoulder fixed, the patient gradually “rolls” the forearm area with the help of the toy.
The patient's starting position is sitting or standing. The patient should pick up a small ball or gymnastic stick and perform various simple exercises with them to develop the elbow joint. When performing these exercises, the patient should not experience pain.
The patient's starting position is standing with the torso slightly tilted forward or in a sitting position. Slowly flex and extend the elbow joint simultaneously with the healthy arm. To perform this exercise, you need to raise your hands up, clasp your fingers and lower them behind your head.

These exercises are performed by the patient in a bath with warm water. The average duration of such charging: 10-15 minutes every day.

Third stage

If a patient has various restrictions of movement in the elbow joint after an injury, then he is prescribed physiotherapeutic procedures.

Among physical treatments, preference is given to paraffin baths, currents, mud therapy and ozokerite baths. After a course of physical therapy has been completed, the rehabilitation doctor prescribes exercise therapy for the patient.

Exercises performed by the patient in water at a comfortable temperature (for example, in a swimming pool) are very effective.

The patient needs to perform flexion and extension at the elbow joint, supination and pronation.

A characteristic feature of carrying out exercises in the pool is the fact that when the patient is in warm water, the hand gradually relaxes, all exercises and movements become much easier and without pain, however, even in this case, it is necessary to observe the measure and not overwork the injured hand.

In any rehabilitation period, the average number of repetitions of exercises is 5 times. Exercises throughout the entire rehabilitation period must be performed several times a day. With this type of physical therapy, the patient must ensure that the arm does not get too tired. If the patient feels even slight pain in the elbow area or his arm quickly gets tired while performing the exercise, then it is necessary to give the arm a little rest.

Many patients with various injuries in the elbow joint are interested in the question: “Is it possible to perform massage in the elbow area?”

In the first period of rehabilitation, massage is contraindicated. You can massage the upper limb above or below the injury to the elbow joint, as well as massage in the back area. After the volume of lost movements in the joint has been restored, the patient is allowed to undergo a very gentle medical massage.

The main goal of this method of rehabilitation therapy is to restore the range of lost movements and improve local blood supply. With massage, traces of periarticular hemorrhages gradually resolve. Massage in this case helps the patient prevent atrophy of muscle fibers and strengthen the ligamentous apparatus of the elbow joint.

During the rehabilitation period, various passive movements are contraindicated for the patient.

Carrying various weights is prohibited; muscle overwork should be avoided. In this case, you should not do static supports and hangs, as well as exercises that cause pain.

If incorrect physical activity The patient may experience the following complications:

Swelling in the area of the injured elbow joint;
Pain in the elbow joint, which may radiate to the forearm;
Deposition of calcium salts in the muscles of the upper limb (calcification);
Reflex contraction of the arm muscles;
Growth of bone deformities in the area of the elbow joint (“mustache”, “spurs”).

When should classes start?
How to develop the elbow joint after a fracture
A set of exercise therapy exercises for developing the elbow: video

Rehabilitation after an elbow fracture is essential for this serious injury. While the limb remains constrained by plaster, all tendons and joints partially atrophy, which is why doctors always recommend exercise therapy for the elbow joint to their patients after a fracture. Recovery time can vary from two weeks to three months.

Contents [Show]

When should classes start?

You can start physical therapy after a fracture of the elbow joint almost immediately after applying a cast - a few days after that. It is necessary to perform simple exercises for the fingers, but first you need to consult a doctor. Sometimes, after a fracture, specialists prohibit any movement of the injured limb or its hand. If there are no such contraindications, start practicing daily:

Clench and unclench your fingers into a fist.
Spread your fingers.
Alternately perform circular movements with each finger.
Buy regular plasticine and knead it, maintaining motor skills.

Basics of exercise therapy for developing the elbow after removing the cast

Physical exercise after an elbow fracture is required immediately after removing the plaster cast, as the joint will lose its former flexibility. If you cannot straighten your arm at the elbow after a fracture and you decide to do gymnastics, follow certain rules:

Perform any movement using a special bandage for restriction motor activity. You can read more about how to choose an elbow joint brace on our website.
Exercise regularly and avoid discomfort or soreness.
Exercises to develop an elbow after a fracture always exclude weight-bearing exercises, be it hanging from a bar or lifting weights.
It is recommended to actively bend and straighten the arm at the elbow no earlier than a month after the removal of the cast.

What exercises will help develop your elbow after a fracture?

As a rule, the exercise therapy complex when developing the elbow joint is divided into several periods. The first is started on the second day after removal of the plaster. Do breathing exercises (sitting on a chair, do deep breaths and exhalations), and also begin to make movements with your fingers according to the method described at the beginning of the article, if you have not done them. These exercises will prevent swelling and discomfort in the elbow joint, and also normalize blood circulation.

For the second rehabilitation period, you will need a set of exercises for exercise therapy for a fracture of the elbow joint, which the doctor can select.

To warm up, place your hand on a soft pillow in front of you and begin to tense and relax all the muscles of the upper limb.
Do alternating flexions and extensions of your arm with your elbow lying on a pillow, and then you can proceed to the next exercise therapy exercise after an elbow fracture.
Lie on the floor or bed, raise your arm up and smoothly bend it at the elbow, and then straighten it. Continue to gently perform this movement, developing the joint. If the elbow does not fully extend after a fracture, perform it in partial amplitude.
Without changing position, bend your limb at the elbow and begin to perform circular movements with your hand, rotating it in one direction to the limit, and in the other.
Lie down on a flat surface with your arms along your body, and then perform the following movement: bend your limbs at the elbow joint, and then straighten them, lifting them up above you.

During the third rehabilitation period, continue to do the exercises described above and see a doctor, who will prescribe physical therapy if necessary. Now you know exactly how to develop an elbow after a fracture, returning your arm to its original mobility with full amplitude.

How does development occur after a fracture of the elbow joint? This question is of interest to many patients. Human life is fraught with many dangers. Thus, an unsuccessful fall can cause a fracture of the arm: both regular and open with displacement.

Why do you need to develop a joint?

Of course, almost all people have fractures, and in most cases the arms suffer, but few people know how to properly develop the elbow joint after a fracture and why it is needed.

The fact is that after a fracture, the arm is cast, and for quite a long time it remains motionless and does not perform any actions that could tone the muscles. Because of this, atrophy of the muscles and tendons begins: they become thinner and less resilient, in addition, the size of the tendons decreases, they shorten, which is very harmful, because it is the length of the tendons that ensures normal functioning of the joint and protection from sprains and other damage.

Based on all of the above, it is clear that the longer the arm is in a cast, the more flexion function is lost in it. To restore it, you need to develop the elbow joint, which should begin as soon as possible after removing the plaster.

How does joint development occur?

All joints and tendons under the cast have partially atrophied. But there is no need to actively start doing exercises with weights and many repetitions: such an action will simply damage the joints and tendons.

To begin with, the doctor prescribes the patient therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy, or performing various exercises in water. Such rehabilitation is carried out, depending on the severity of the fracture, from 3 weeks to 2 months, but thanks to this, all possible mobility in the elbow joint is restored.

Joint development is the main part of physical therapy; it is divided into three time periods.

The first period begins on the second day after removal of the plaster. At this time, special breathing exercises are performed and movements of the joints of the shoulders and fingers are performed. Such exercises are aimed at combating possible swelling, unpleasant sensations in the joint area, to improve blood circulation.

The exercise is as follows: the hand is placed on a special pillow located behind the head, after which the patient must tense and relax the muscles of the forearm and shoulder. Then you need to perform the second exercise: the arm is simply bent and unbent, but slowly and very carefully so as not to harm the joint.

The second period of rehabilitation is aimed at restoring full mobility of the elbow joint. To do this, perform the following exercise: the patient sits down and positions his shoulder injured hand on the table so that the edge of the tabletop is near the armpit and the arm is extended; after which you need to begin to slowly bend and straighten your arm at the joint, the range of movements should be as wide as possible. Can't do sudden movements, and then developing the joint will not be difficult.

The second exercise is called the shoulder roll. To do this, the patient takes a regular children's car with his sore hand, fixes his shoulder in one position, and then simply begins to roll the toy back and forth and from right to left.

The third exercise is playing with a ball. For example, you can try throwing a basketball into a hoop, but there should be no pain.

The fourth mandatory exercise: the torso bends forward, the arms are bent at the joints, then we pull them to the floor, then we press them to the chest, after which we straighten up and try to clasp our fingers behind our back.

In addition to these exercises, speedy recovery Warm baths, preferably taken twice a day, can have a very positive effect.

Third period. If before this time the joint has not been able to fully recover, then special physiotherapeutic agents are used to develop it, for example, treatment with a small electrical discharge. Warming up and saturating the joint nutrients will provide mud, paraffin, ozokerite and many others.

In addition, it begins active phase training in water: you need to perform supination and propination in the elbow joint, bend and straighten it.

Thanks to its properties, water relaxes the muscles of the hand, which means that movements occur more easily and do not overload the joint.

Each exercise should be performed only 5-7 times, but it is advisable to do this training twice a day. The main thing is that your hand does not get tired, and if this happens, then you need to take a break so that it is well rested, and only then perform it.

What is prohibited during the rehabilitation period?

Oddly enough, but very common mistake patients - massage the joint of the injured arm or back immediately after removing the cast. Many believe that this will speed up metabolism, which, in turn, will lead to faster recovery. But that's not true. The only thing that can happen is a displacement of the joint, the formation of a process on the bone, or rupture of muscle fibers.

However, massage is indeed indicated for patients, but only after the appointment of a doctor who examines the condition of the joint. In this case, the massage will speed up the gain of muscle tone and strength, eliminate blood stagnation, strengthen the bursal-ligamentous apparatus and much more, but there is no need to rush.

The second big mistake is passive use of the hand after removing the cast. In no case should you perform passive work with your sore hand until it is fully rehabilitated, for example: carrying or holding heavy objects, standing, leaning on it, hanging and performing any other actions that cause even the slightest pain.

First you need to completely develop the joint. All such actions do not pass without a trace. They accumulate and can cause severe pain joint, its swelling, deformation of the place where the bone has just fused, reflex muscle contractions, etc.

In the next two months, you shouldn’t forget about your fracture; you need to try to take care of your hand. If you have such a problem as a broken arm, then do not forget that the treatment will not end immediately after removing the cast - this is only half the way.

The second half is rehabilitation time. This is very important period, since it is here that it is decided whether you will be able to fully use your arm or with limitations caused by pain. Which option to choose will depend only on you: on how accurately and efficiently you performed the exercises during the rehabilitation period, how often you will work out your elbow, and how strictly you will follow the recommendations of your doctor.

Most of the exercises for developing the elbow joint after a fracture have been described above. Only a doctor can prescribe additional, more effective methods that will not harm your condition. The rehabilitation process can be reduced by half.

Fractures of the elbow joint can be displaced or non-displaced. The latter are fixed with a posterior plaster splint, while the arm is bent at an angle of 90 degrees at the elbow joint. For almost all displaced fractures (with the exception of the olecranon fracture), the fragments are manually compared and firmly fixed with screws, bone pins or metal knitting needles.

How to develop an elbow after a fracture; its rehabilitation period consists of several stages:

on the second day after applying the plaster, they begin to perform, along with breathing and general strengthening exercises, various movements in the joints free of plaster;

at the second stage of rehabilitation, the beginning of which will be determined by the doctor, the plaster splint is untied in the area from the forearm to the elbow, and to basic complex exercises add movements for extension and flexion of the elbow joint;

after removing the plaster cast, they begin to perform exercises to develop muscles, ligaments, and the elbow joint with an instructor according to a strictly individual program.

How to develop an elbow after a fracture using physical therapy.

After the final removal of the plaster cast, the following exercises must be performed to strengthen the elbow joint:

active movements that the patient performs independently;
passive movements that a massage therapist or physical therapy instructor helps to perform;
combined movements that the patient performs together with an instructor.

At the first stage, when the arm is completely immobilized, positional treatment is prescribed. In this case, the arm is placed on a pillow in an abducted position or behind the head to combat pain, swelling of the limb and improve lymph and blood circulation. This exercise also helps to improve the situation with sending impulses to fixed joints, relieve tension in the muscles of the forearm and shoulder, and restore motor skills in the elbow joint.

At the second stage of rehabilitation, when the splint is unbandaged on the forearm, the set of exercises includes actions to develop the elbow joint in the following starting positions:

a man sits, the shoulder of his sore arm lies on the table. In this case, the edge of the table is in armpit, and the forearm is fixed in vertical position. It is necessary to extend and flex the elbow so that the little finger runs parallel to the earlobe;

a man sits, his forearm lies on the table, in his fingers is a children's rolling toy. The patient “rolls” the forearm with the help of a toy, while fixing the shoulder;

standing or sitting, perform exercises on a block - extension and flexion at the elbow joint;

standing or sitting, perform various exercises with a volleyball or rubber ball, with a stick;

sitting in warm water (35-36 degrees) perform various exercises twice a day - morning and evening;

while sitting or standing with the torso tilted forward, straighten and bend the elbow joint, helping yourself with your healthy arm. Such exercises include extension and flexion of both arms in weight, extension and flexion of the arms, taking them “in the lock”, lifting them behind the head, on the head, etc.

It should be noted that in the second period of rehabilitation when treating an olecranon fracture, the flexion function cannot be forced in order to avoid a re-fracture. In the second stage of treatment and rehabilitation of a fracture of the coronoid process, you should not perform actions to flex the forearm, otherwise you can thus promote the healing of the process.

Development individual program combined movements is the main stage of rehabilitation. The length of the period of physical therapy depends on the degree of injury and the speed of recovery of the elbow joint.

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Among injuries to the bones of the upper limb, a fracture of the elbow joint is the most problematic.

It consists of several bones, with blood vessels and nerves located nearby.

All this causes a more pronounced pain syndrome, a higher likelihood of developing the consequences of injury, and also requires a longer period rehabilitation treatment.

You can find out how to develop your arm after a fracture of the elbow joint in the article.

Features of the anatomy of the elbow joint and the causes of fracture

The elbow joint has a complex and unique structure, it consists of 3 bones:

Elbow;

They form 3 joints:

Humeral-ulnar;
Brachioradial;
Ulnarradial.

All vessels and nerves leading to the forearm and hand pass near the joint, and large muscles (biceps, triceps, forearm muscles) are attached.

Damage to these structures during fractures leads to severe disorders hand functions. This “neighborhood” of bones contributes to the fact that often not 1, but 2 or all 3 bones are damaged.

The cause of the fracture is trauma: direct, when falling on the hand and as a result of an impact, or indirect impact, when the bones of the forearm are fractured.

Types of fracture

Numerous fractures of the elbow joint are divided into several types:

In relation to the skin:

Closed – no damage to the skin;
Open – with a wound on the skin;

In relation to the joint cavity:

Intra-articular – with damage to the ligaments and capsule;
Extra-articular, not associated with the joint cavity.

According to the location of bone fragments:

Without displacement, when there is no need for reposition (comparison of fragments);
With displacement when reposition is necessary;
Splintered and crushed fractures, when osteosynthesis is necessary (operation of fixation of fragments).

According to the presence of complications:

Uncomplicated, without damage to muscles, nerve branches and blood vessels;
Complicated: with rupture of muscles, blood vessels, nerves or with their pinching between fragments.

Closed injuries are less dangerous; with open ones, an infection penetrates through the wound, which can cause inflammation of the bone. Almost all fractures in the elbow joint are intra-articular, with the exception of extra-articular fractures of the olecranon.

Clinical symptoms

When an arm is broken at the elbow, a triad of symptoms is characteristic:

Sharp pain;
Swelling and deformation of the elbow;
Limitation of movements.

The pain during a fracture is very severe and can radiate to the forearm, hand, in the shoulder, when trying to move it sharply intensifies. Deformation or change in the contours of the joint is typical for displaced fractures; the arm may be in an unnatural, forced position. Later, swelling of the tissue around the joint develops.

A sharp restriction of movements or their impossibility indicate displaced and intra-articular fractures. If there is no pronounced displacement, then active (volitional) movements are limited, and passive ones can be preserved, for example, in case of a fracture of the olecranon process or the condyles of the shoulder.

Do not try to determine active and passive movements in the joint, this can lead to increased displacement and swelling.

Diagnostic methods

After examining the victim, an x-ray of the elbow in 2 projections is usually immediately prescribed.

If a regular X-ray does not provide complete information or if the fracture is complex, an additional computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is prescribed.

It allows you to determine not only bone damage, but also the condition of blood vessels, nerves, ligaments, and muscles.

First aid rules

Immediately after receiving an elbow injury, the victim needs first aid. Its objectives are to reduce pain and prevent further displacement bone fragments and associated complications by applying immobilization.

To reduce pain, painkillers can be given and sedatives, as well as preparations from NSAID groups(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): ibuprofen, nolotil, diclofenac and analogues.

To reduce swelling, apply cold to the elbow area.

Immobilization is applied in the position that was formed after the injury. You should not try to straighten your arm or change its position. It is enough to secure it with a bandage, scarf, or piece of fabric, preferably to the body (if possible), and then take the victim to the hospital.

Treatment methods

Treatment of elbow fractures can be divided into 3 stages:

Reposition of fragments;
Limb immobilization;
Rehabilitation.

Reposition

Juxtaposition is necessary when there is no displacement or it is acceptable for bone fusion. In other cases, as a rule, open reduction of the fracture is performed with the application of osteosynthesis (connection of fragments), suturing of ligaments and other injured tissues.

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For osteosynthesis, various metal structures are used - knitting needles, staples, plates, screws, and in each case the most optimal option is selected.

Immobilization

While the fracture heals, a plaster cast is applied - from axillary area to the wrist. It can be in the form of a back splint, or a solid, circular one, depending on the nature of the fracture.

The fixation period can last from 3 weeks to 2 months.

The hand is fixed in the most comfortable position bending the elbow at an angle of 90-110°. After removing the bandage, restorative treatment is prescribed.

Rehabilitation after a fracture

Fracture healing alone is not enough to normal operation whole hand. The injury itself plus prolonged immobilization lead to tissue swelling, poor circulation and, as a consequence, muscle atrophy and degenerative disorders in the joint tissues.

To eliminate these phenomena, a course of restorative treatment is necessary. It begins already 2-3 days after the injury. Movements in joints free from plaster casts (shoulder, fingers) and physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed. All this is necessary to improve blood circulation and develop strong callus.

After removing the plaster cast, active development of the elbow joint begins, and massage begins. Rehabilitation gives good effect when it is carried out comprehensively. Its duration can range from 2 weeks to 2 months.

Also during recovery period Nutrition is important, read more.

Massage after an elbow fracture

Elbow joint massage – important procedure in rehabilitation treatment after a fracture. It is prescribed after removing immobilization and putting the skin in order.

It should not have bedsores from plaster, irritation, or dermatitis. The principles of massage are warming up and kneading the tissues of the hand, from the fingers to the shoulder joint.

The area of the joint itself cannot be massaged., this can lead to additional injury to its tissues and increased swelling.

It is useful to connect parallel massage of the shoulder girdle and collar area. Usually a course of 10 procedures is prescribed, with their repetition after 2-3 weeks.

Development of the elbow joint after a fracture

The role after a fracture of the elbow joint cannot be overestimated. Only with the help of movements, gradually increasing their volume, can the function of the joint, strength and tone of the muscles of the entire limb be restored.

The exercise therapy program for a fracture of the elbow joint is divided into 2 stages:

The first, initial stage, or preventive, when the arm is in a cast. Already from the 2nd day, movements of the hand, fingers, and also in the shoulder are shown - arm abduction, adduction, flexion. Start with a small amount of exercise, then gradually increase it;
Second, recovery stage– this is the development of the arm after removing the bandage until complete recovery.

In the first weeks, it is recommended to do exercises in a warm bath, preferably with a solution of sea salt or pine extract, this will relieve spasms and facilitate development. The following exercises are recommended for the elbow joint after a fracture:

Movements in the elbow joint - flexion, extension;
Clenching the hand into a fist;
Rotates the hand outward and inward;
Rolling out round objects with your palm.

Gymnastics for the elbow joint should be performed 4-5 times a day, repeated 6-10 times. Later they begin exercises with a ball, a gymnastic stick, and on a staircase wall. The exercise therapy instructor will tell you how to develop the elbow joint after a fracture, classes should be under his supervision..

The development of the arm cannot be carried out until severe fatigue, pain and muscle spasm; the load should be gradual.

Possible complications

Complications after a fracture of the elbow joint are divided into 2 groups:

Early;
Late.

Early complications occur in the first hours and days after injury: This is damage to nerves and blood vessels, wound infection, and pinching of soft tissues. They are eliminated surgically in the first days.

Late complications develop during the period of immobilization and later. These include: malunion of the fracture, nonunion and formation of a false joint, development of arthrosis, contracture (stiffness) of the joint. Their prevention largely depends on the quality of comparison and rehabilitation treatment, and the participation of the patient himself in it.

The success of treatment for a fracture of the elbow joint depends both on the quality of comparison and fixation of bones, and on the completeness of rehabilitation treatment with the active participation of the patient in it.