All about DPT vaccination for babies. to do or not? possible reactions of the child’s body and ways to deal with them: swelling at the vaccination site, fever, runny nose, allergies. DPT vaccination for children: schedule, preparation, contraindications, consequences When can it be given?

The DTP vaccination is currently the most common among all the numerous childhood vaccines throughout the modern world. Every year it saves several million lives of children living around the world, effectively protecting them from diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough.

The choice to do it or not is a question that should not bother any parents; it must be done without fail. In order not to doubt this process, it is worth finding out in more detail what kind of vaccine this is, as well as when it is given to the child. Below you can find out how the vaccine is given, when is the optimal time for it, whether there are certain complications and contraindications, and so on.

DPT vaccine – facts and figures

When answering the question of when a child is given this vaccination, it can be noted that these are usually babies from 2 to 3 months. This will help effectively protect them from three different dangerous diseases, which include tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. In more scientific terms, an abbreviation of this type can be deciphered as a special adsorbed high-quality pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

The therapeutic drug is administered strictly intramuscularly using injections. When the drug is injected into the muscles, the drug is immediately absorbed into the blood plasma and remains in the muscles for quite a long time. this is useful for the child, since the process stimulates in a certain way the body of the baby and then of an adult for the long-term production of the necessary antibodies to all the diseases listed above.

If we think objectively, it is worth noting that among the large number of vaccinations, DTP is one of the most difficult. In other words, it is much more difficult for a child to tolerate it than other similar vaccines. This condition is not caused by the entire vaccine as a whole, but only by one of its components, which is against whooping cough.

At what age is the vaccine given?

Speaking about the age at which this vaccine is usually given, it can be noted that it is carried out strictly at intervals, throughout one’s entire life, but only if various medical indicators do not have any effect on the vaccination schedule.

There is a certain schedule of vaccines that are given to a child and it looks like this:

1 at approximately 2-3 months;
2 at about 4-5 months of age;
3 strictly at 6 months;

Important! These three doses, which are given to an ordinary child, represent the usual primary treatment course. You need to know that the interval between these vaccines is usually 30 days. This is the established minimum.

Such 4 DPT vaccinations are a complete high-quality vaccination given to a child, which allows the body to be maximally protected from such serious diseases as whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Revaccination is also mandatory. These are vaccinations that effectively maintain the proper level of immune activity. Usually the vaccine is given to the child with an acellular or special acellular component already present in it, aimed at treating whooping cough. It has a slightly different name, ADS. The child is given it at about 7 years old, and then at 14 and then every 10 years, that is, at 24 years old, 34 years old, 44 years old and so on.

Despite the fact that there are certain recommendations from the WHO, approximately three quarters of the entire population do not receive these vaccinations. People don't even realize how much they need these vaccines. Such vaccinations are powerful, that is, quite important arguments for revaccination, since the vaccine is able to most effectively protect a person from tetanus, which is a fatal disease even today. For many who like to travel, this vaccination is simply necessary, since tetanus can become infected there quite quickly.

Important! According to numerous experts, if at some point the vaccination schedule was disrupted, there is no point in administering vaccines from the very beginning. It is necessary to renew strictly from the year in which some failure occurred. The most important thing here is to quickly get into the required vaccine schedule.

DPT – a wide variety of vaccines

There are a number of different certified drugs that relate to DPT vaccines. Quite often situations occur when children receive a couple of injections from one manufacturer; all other vaccines may be from other manufacturers.

You should not be afraid of this factor, since all modern vaccinations, without exception, are strictly certified. Specialists make vaccinations, each of which is interchangeable. In other words, there is no point in sticking to any one specific manufacturer.

Little can be said about the overall quality level of vaccines. First of all, it is important to note that one of them is an affordable, classic vaccine that is widespread in poor countries. It is here that there is a component that is used for whooping cough, which causes numerous ailments, especially in children under one year old. Such vaccinations should not be given to children and adults who suffer from various allergic reactions.

There is another type of this vaccination, which is given to children under one year old and other ages, which is called AADS. This is a high-quality and expensive effective analogue of the conventional DTP vaccine. The whooping cough component is more split and purified. Children under one year of age are given this particular treatment, since it does not cause any negative reaction or ailments.

Important! It should be understood that all adverse reactions are only temporary disorders that cannot be regarded as a threat to health. They cannot be compared with the complications caused by the diseases listed above.

Where does the doctor give the injection?

Children, as well as adults, are vaccinated in any muscle, but professionals strongly recommend that small children under one year of age receive injections exclusively in the femoral part. This is based on the important factor that it should not be placed in the buttocks, since there is a lot of fatty tissue, many blood vessels, and the general muscle tissue is poorly developed.

If a specialist who treats and administers DTP to a child under one year old begins to aim at the buttock, it is worth making a remark to him that this should not be done. It can only be applied to the upper or middle part of the thigh. Only after 7 years of age, vaccination is done in the child’s shoulder area.

Various negative reactions

Many people need to know what consequences the DPT vaccine can bring and when not to do it. It is worth noting that in most cases everything goes relatively unnoticed; there are absolutely no changes in the baby’s behavior. Speaking about possible complications, it can be noted that there is a risk of encountering such issues as:

There is slight redness at the injection site, it also becomes denser due to slight swelling;
The baby may lose appetite, and such phenomena as diarrhea and unpleasant vomiting are also possible;
As a certain reaction, there is a possibility of a slight increase in temperature, so the baby becomes restless and a little capricious. Also, the baby may become lethargic and sleepy at the same time.

Usually, all negative manifestations arise and are present during the first day, then they disappear almost completely, and with relatively little medical intervention.

There are more serious signs, based on which you can start sounding the alarm and consult a specialist. These are such important points as an increase in temperature to approximately 39 degrees, severe pain at the injection site. If the baby cries constantly and quite loudly.

How to properly prepare for vaccination?

It has been noted more than once that a vaccine of this type is characterized by high rates of guaranteed negative processes, which other vaccines simply do not have. Despite this, parents simply cannot refuse such vaccines.

The most optimal strategy in this case is to adequately prepare the child’s body for vaccination. Immediately after this, if possible, it is worth preventing the appearance of various negative signs as much as possible. Modern experts offer a certain high-quality plan for various preventive manipulations:

About a couple of days before vaccination, it is worth giving your baby high-quality antihistamines that will prevent possible allergic reactions.
Directly on the day of vaccination, it is worth using all possible methods to prevent hyperthermia; it does not help the formation of optimal immune defense.
If your baby has been vaccinated, after this procedure you should immediately put a special candle with various effective drugs that reduce fever, and at a temperature that is relatively normal in all respects.
If the child is a little older, the medicine is given in the form of syrup, and the temperature level should be checked before bedtime.
The next day after receiving the vaccine, it is also worth monitoring the temperature.
There is no need to give your baby a large amount of food for a couple of days, but a large amount of water is a must. It is best to give your child clean water.
It is recommended to maintain an optimal temperature in the room, approximately 21 degrees.

Important! As for the dosage of the main remedies for fever, as well as possible allergic reactions, they must first be discussed with your doctor before the vaccination is given.

It is always worth remembering that without high-quality vaccination, a child runs the risk of getting quite serious diseases. If you use vaccinations, then despite temporary adverse reactions, everyone still wins. This is precisely what should be the main task of all loving parents. There is no need to be afraid of vaccinations, much less it is unreasonable to refuse them.

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Basic questions about the DPT vaccination: composition, where it is given, can it be refused or transferred. Is it possible to go for a walk or swim?

The diseases tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough pose a particular danger to the life of a child. Infections can cause severe complications leading to disability. Therefore, children under four years of age are required to receive a specialized DPT vaccination.

Composition of DPT

It is represented by a suspension of dead pertussis microbes, as well as purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Merthiolate (0.01%) acts as a preservative component.

One milliliter contains:

whooping cough cells – 20 billion;
toxoids – 30 flocculating units.

What is included in the vaccine (0.5 ml, which is the primary dose):

diphtheria toxoid – 30 units;
tetanus – 60 units;
pertussis vaccine – 4 units.

Visually, it is a suspended liquid of white or slightly yellow color. The presence of loose sediment is allowed.

Where is the vaccination given?

The injection site is the muscle. Traditionally, it is administered into the gluteal muscle, but a more accurate injection option is into the surface of the thigh.

This is explained by the structural features of the child’s body. The thigh muscle in infants in the area of the butt is hidden by a fairly thick layer of fat deposits (it all depends on the degree of fattening of the baby). And when injected into the buttock, there is a high probability that the vaccine will end up in the adipose tissue - the needles of the syringes used are not long enough to reach directly to the surface of the femoral muscle. The result is the formation of an abscess followed by suppuration. And we are not talking about any formation of immunity.

There is practically no fat on the surface of the thigh, and the drug will be administered according to all the rules. In children, vaccination is performed exclusively on the anterior outer surface of the femoral muscle. At an older age, it can be done in the area of the deltoid muscle - the upper third of the shoulder.

Is it possible to go for a walk after DPT vaccination?

The most common opinion is that it is better to avoid walking. The explanation is quite simple: administering the drug for a certain period reduces the child’s immune defense and the risk of infection is higher.

But today pediatricians have a different opinion. If there is no temperature reaction, the little one feels well, then walking is not contraindicated. The only recommendation is to temporarily give up playing on a common playground, choosing to walk along the alleys of a park or public garden.

After the procedure, it is advisable to reduce communication with strangers. The child is developing immunity to fairly serious diseases and additional contact with various microbes will be a heavy burden for the body.

When can you bathe your child after vaccination?

On the day of vaccination, your baby should not take a bath, since vaccination is often accompanied by a rise in temperature and general malaise. There is a small risk of the injection wound becoming infected. On the second day you can already bathe, but again, only if the baby feels well.

In most cases, a small painful lump forms at the injection site, accompanied by redness of the skin. This is a normal reaction. You can wet the injection site, but you do not need to rub it with a washcloth when bathing.

If the temperature persists for more than a day, then bathing should be replaced by wiping with wet wipes.

You need to wash your baby under running water in any case, even if there is a rise in temperature.

Is it possible to do massage after DPT vaccination?

On the vaccination day, the massage session must be canceled. Also, the procedure should be abandoned two days before the planned vaccination. But this is only if the massage is done in a children's clinic - there is a high probability of catching an infection, for example, the flu. Massage is also contraindicated for the next two days after the procedure.

Ideally, massage and vaccination should not coincide in time.

The massage course must be completed at least a week before the planned vaccination.
You can start after one or two weeks.

If it is not possible to interrupt the course, then during the procedure the injection site cannot be massaged.

Is it possible to donate blood after DPT vaccination?

Experts believe that vaccination cannot affect the reliability of the results. And yet, after administration of the drug, ESR and leukocyte levels may be increased.

If there are no additional symptoms of an infectious disease - runny nose, fever, cough - then the blood test must be repeated after seven to ten days.

Ideally, blood should be donated every other week.

What blood sugar level is considered normal for a child? Answer>>

Is it possible to smear the DTP vaccination site?

As a rule, a fairly voluminous compaction forms at the injection site. There is no need to worry about this, since this is a normal reaction of the body. The skin over the injection site also turns red. The use of any drugs that relieve pain or accelerate the resorption of the seal is strictly prohibited.

To relieve pain at the injection site, you can apply a warm flannel diaper to the surface of the seal. Alternatively, a leaf of fresh cabbage.

About side effects and complications after DTP

Can I get vaccinated later?

At the request of the mother or for medical reasons, it can be done at a later date.

Lack of immunity to whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus can be fatal. After a year, the toddler begins to actively contact the world and communicate with other children. Do not forget that it takes time for the baby to develop immune protection. And in order to protect the baby from diseases, the first three must be completed during the first year of his life.

The child should receive the last fourth - revitalization - injection eighteen months after the first dose. In this case, the baby will be reliably protected until school.

To develop immunity, it is not recommended to completely skip or delay the administration of the next vaccine for more than three months.

Is it possible to refuse?

Mom has the right to refuse.

Contraindications

Temporary contraindications are:

illness on the day of vaccination. In case of a mild form of ARVI, the injection can be given every ten days after recovery. In severe cases of the disease, you must wait a month.
during the period of exacerbation of chronic pathology. You can get the injection a month after the symptoms subside.

Permanent contraindications include:

allergic reaction to the component composition of the drug;
the appearance of convulsions and an increase in temperature above 40 ° C during the first injection;
immunodeficiency states;
progression of neurological pathologies.

If there are contraindications to the use of the DTP vaccine, it can be replaced with DTP toxoid.

Is it possible to do this with...?

There is no urgent need to get vaccinated if you have a cold symptom. On the contrary, it should not be done if the baby has any illness. Be sure to see a pediatrician and specialized doctors who should prescribe tests. Only after confirmation that the child is absolutely healthy can this be done.

During the period of exacerbation of an allergic reaction, any vaccination is prohibited.

It is better to postpone until complete recovery. It is better to make a decision after examination by a pediatrician, based on the results of blood tests.

In case of exacerbation of allergies, it is postponed until the pathological symptoms are eliminated.

Is it possible to get whooping cough after receiving the DPT vaccine?

The whooping cough vaccine does not provide complete protection, but if infected, the disease is mild. There are no severe coughing attacks leading to the development of convulsions and, in the worst case, asphyxia.

INFORMATIVE:

mozhno-detjam.ru

DPT vaccination: what is it and where is it done?

In international documentation, DTP vaccination is called DTP. The abbreviation encodes the names of the three diseases from which it protects. The full name of the vaccine is adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. There are several varieties of this drug produced in different countries. The listed diseases are classified as particularly severe infectious pathologies that can lead to disability and death. That is why this vaccine is mandatory.

In Russia they produce a standard three-component DTP. If there are contraindications to the domestic vaccine, then you can use the Belgian drug Infanrix. The Infanrix vaccine contains the same number of components as DTP. As for side effects and complications, the foreign vaccine Infanrix can also cause negative reactions in the child’s body. Your treating pediatrician, whom you trust, will help you make a choice between imported Infanrix and domestic DPT.

In addition, there is a French-made Pentaxim vaccine. Pentaxim has one feature - it contains an additional element in the form of an inactivated polio virus. The creation of Pentaxim was due to the same timing of vaccination against polio and whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus. Using Pentaxim is no more dangerous than using regular DTP. Many experts even welcome the use of four-component Pentaxim.

To make the right choice between Pentaxim, DTP and Infanrix, consult with an experienced vaccination specialist. It is worth noting that DTP and Infanrix are interchangeable drugs, but you should ask your doctor in advance about the possibility of using one injection after the other.

Vaccination schedule

DTP vaccination is included in the National Vaccination Calendar from the Ministry of Health, so there is a clear schedule according to which immunization activities are carried out. The first dose is administered at 3 months of age, although Western experts recommend starting vaccination at 2 months. The next injection is given between 4 and 5 months, and the third dose is given at 6 months.

The first revaccination takes place at one and a half years. The second revaccination is done at 6-7 years. It is worth noting that after 4 years of age, children are no longer given standard DTP, but are replaced with ADS (without the pertussis component). The last revaccination planned for a child is carried out at 14 years of age. After this, experts recommend vaccination every 10 years at 24, 34, 44, 54 and 64 years, respectively.

It is worth noting that the interval between the first three doses of vaccination should be at least 1 month. If you skipped one of the vaccination stages, you do not need to start all over again. Just take your next injection as soon as you can. After this, the DTP vaccination schedule is shifted taking into account the resulting shift.

Preparing for vaccination

Regardless of whether you use Infanrix, DTP or Pentaxim, the preparation methods will be the same. First of all, make sure that your child is absolutely healthy. For a 100% guarantee, your own observations are not enough. Before vaccination, be sure to take your child to be examined by specialized specialists. Also try to limit his communication with strangers and, if possible, do not visit public places (transport, shops, entertainment centers). This is necessary in order to exclude the possibility of the child becoming infected with any virus.

There is no need to take vitamins or immunostimulants. Some experts recommend giving a child prone to allergies antihistamines 1-2 days before vaccination. The decision about the need for such drugs should be made by a doctor. Also pay attention to how much and what your baby eats. Before vaccination, it is better to slightly underfeed children and give preference to simple, familiar and easily digestible food. The last feeding should be no later than 1 hour before vaccination.

The child should be given water as usual. If upon arrival at the clinic you see that the child is sweating, do not rush to enter the office. If possible, change the baby's clothes, give him something to drink and give him a few minutes to catch his breath and return to normal. If you are seriously concerned about an allergic reaction, you can do an allergy vaccine test. To do this, you will need to buy one dose of DTP, Infanrix or Pentaxim for the test and, if the result is satisfactory, purchase another dose of the same batch of vaccine.

Video “ADX Vaccination”

What to do after

Almost all parents have many questions regarding the recovery period - how long a child should not be bathed, how to properly care for him, whether he needs to take additional medications, where he can go for a walk and where he cannot. When answering all such questions, the first thing you need to mention is peace of mind. The main thing is not to be nervous and clearly understand your actions in certain situations.

After vaccination with DTP (Infanrix, Pentaxim), the baby needs to be provided with several days of rest. We are not talking about bed rest, but the body needs to be provided with all the conditions for high-quality work with the vaccine. You need to go for a walk after vaccination, but you need to do it in the fresh air without contact with peers and adults. Don't overfeed your baby. If his appetite has decreased, do not force him to eat more.

You can bathe your child. The main thing is not to take long hot baths. It's better to limit yourself to a quick shower. There is no special need to treat the area where the injection is given. The main task of parents is to monitor changes and take the necessary measures in a timely manner. For example, there is no need to wait for the temperature to rise to critical levels. Paracetamol or ibuprofen are allowed to be given as a prophylaxis against feverish conditions.

Contraindications

There are not many contraindications to vaccination, but all of them must be taken into account and not neglected. Vaccination should absolutely not be given to children suffering from immunodeficiency, any acute diseases, or allergies to the components of the vaccine.

If a child has neurological symptoms and seizures along with a fever, he may be offered a vaccine without the pertussis component of the ADS. In this case, it is better not to do standard DTP.

There are also false contraindications, the truth of which has not been proven, for example, an allergy to DPT in relatives, convulsions in relatives, allergies in general in relatives, prematurity. To be as confident as possible in a positive outcome, provide medical staff with all possible information about the child’s health condition.

Complications

When talking about complications, it is necessary to separate the concepts of side effects and consequences. Mild adverse reactions after DTP are quite common, but you should not be afraid of them, since normally the symptoms disappear after a few days. Most often, children develop a fever on the day of vaccination. The fever can be reduced with paracetamol or ibuprofen. At the same time, there is no need to wait for special numbers; with the slightest increase, you can already give medications.

Also in the first days, local reactions in the form of redness and swelling at the injection site are acceptable. The child may be capricious or, on the contrary, apathetic without appetite. If such reactions gradually go away and do not look pathological, nothing needs to be done. If the baby cries continuously for more than 3 hours, the diameter of the redness exceeds 8 centimeters, and drowsiness does not go away, you should go to the hospital.

Complications of moderate severity include seizures. This symptom is most often caused by the pertussis component. If there are seizures, the child is also shown to the doctor. The most serious consequences are allergic reactions (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock). They manifest themselves in the first half hour after the injection. This condition is very life-threatening, so measures must be taken at lightning speed.

Also, sometimes neurological complications with impaired consciousness are found in children. It is worth noting that such consequences are very rare and are diagnosed in 1-3 cases and 100,000 vaccinations. It is impossible to 100% prevent such an outcome, but parents must also understand the dangers of the diseases themselves, which vaccination protects against, and make informed choices for their children.

Video “ADKS vaccination - Dr. Komarovsky’s school”

Why many parents are worried about whether their baby should get this vaccination, you will learn from the video by Dr. Komarovsky.

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When is the DTP vaccine given and its explanation

Epidemiological data indicate incomplete coverage of children with preventive vaccinations in Russia. According to statistics, about 25% of children suffer from frequent colds and allergies, which makes it difficult to administer vaccinations in a timely manner. The drug cannot be administered against a background of poor health. Long withdrawals are not rational. Doctors' fear of exacerbation of inflammatory diseases or colds is unfounded, since effective weakened drugs have been developed.

There are problems with medical examination of this contingent. Sensitization is not a contraindication, since there are attenuated DTP vaccines.

Allergic rhinitis;
Atopic dermatitis;
Bronchial asthma.

The rationality of introducing conventional DTP vaccination for these nosological forms is low, since they have a relapsing course. Conventional prevention requires stimuli - psycho-emotional stress, the influence of chemicals, viral and bacterial infections.

Children with chronic sensitization have an increased risk of complications from DTP.

Even weakened vaccines are administered to such children at the stage of remission of the pathological process. In patients with frequent exacerbations, it is recommended that the reaction be carried out against the background of antiallergic drug therapy. In patients with bronchial asthma, specific vaccination is carried out with DPT-M between attacks of asthma.

For mild asthma, antihistamines are prescribed 2 days before vaccination. The middle stage is characterized by inhalation of Intal a week before the procedure. Treatment continues for a month.

In people with severe bronchial asthma, vaccination against measles, diphtheria, tetanus is carried out simultaneously with anti-relapse treatment with theophyllines, intal, long-acting inhaled corticosteroids - flixotide, budesonide, becotide, symbicort, seretide.

Preventive antihistamine therapy with bronchodilators is indicated for children with systemic allergies:

Quincke's edema;
Anaphylactic shock;
Generalized urticaria.

In severe cases of bronchial asthma, it is rational to administer ADS-M or ADS-toxoid in a hospital setting.

DTP vaccination: when to do it

DTP (according to the international nomenclature “DTP”) is an adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. The combined composition is produced by the manufacturer under the name "Infanrix". Statistics show a small number of complications after vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. If desired, preventive vaccination in Russia can be carried out with combined formulations such as “Pentaxim-DTP - polio”. The basis of immunoprophylaxis is the study of the patient’s health status. The procedure cannot be performed if the immune system is weakened.

The presence of a pertussis component according to the international nomenclature contributes to the development of complications.

Types of vaccines in Russia:

ADS-M - administered to children after 6 years of age;
Imovax;
AD-M – against diphtheria.

Preventive vaccine therapy is a complex procedure that requires a thorough assessment of a person’s health status

DTP vaccination: when to do it

In Russia there is a vaccination schedule, a national calendar that determines when vaccinations are given:

The first is 2-3 months old;
Second, third – interval after 1-2 months;
The fourth – 1.5 years after the first vaccination.

When the first vaccination is carried out after 3 months, the pertussis component is administered at intervals of 1.5 months. Revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out at 7-14 years of age, and then every 10 years.

The timing of domestic revaccination is somewhat different. The drug is administered to children no older than 4 years. There are no restrictions on foreign analogues.

Explanation of DTP - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. Many parents know the drug. Thanks to the product, many lives have been saved. Patients ask pediatricians whether it is worth getting the DTP vaccine. Vaccine therapy is common in many countries. In practice it shows high efficiency. The experiment dragged on for decades.

“Should I get the DPT vaccine?” - the answer is obvious. You just need to see parents who believed that their child did not need to be vaccinated. After contracting whooping cough, the child developed convulsions. The use of antibiotics did not bring significant relief. The dire consequences of a rash decision claimed another life. Of course, the parents regretted the wrong decision, but it was too late. Such a case occurred in the medical practice of the author of the article.

Experience shows that the DPT vaccine, for almost a century after its creation, has become an effective remedy not only against diseases whose antigens are included in the vaccine. Statistics show that a vaccinated person goes to the clinic less due to the formation of specific immunity that can cope with dangerous infections.

Sad statistics led to the creation of the product. Until the 50s of the last century, about five thousand children suffered from diphtheria. Of these, about half of the children died. About 85% of people who get sick die from tetanus. After analyzing these indicators, you need to assess whether it is worth getting the DTP vaccine. The Ministry of Health strongly recommends not to refuse vaccine therapy, so it has been included in the national calendar. One injection is enough to protect against 3 dangerous infections at once!

Adults are vaccinated with ADS, since whooping cough does not pose a health risk. Revaccination is carried out to prevent a decrease in the number of active antibodies, the formation of which decreases over time.

If a vaccinated person gets sick without revaccination, the infection will be mild. Without prevention, a severe course will lead to death.

To form a sufficient number of immunoglobulins, compliance with the schedule of preventive vaccinations is required. Immunity to tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough is formed through specific vaccination.

DTP decoding of the national calendar:

First – 3 months;
The second – after 30-45 days;
Third – 6 months;
Fourth – 1.5 years

Other deadlines adopted by European countries were described above. In practice, pediatricians are rarely able to maintain optimal time intervals, so both options can be used.

If the deadlines are met, the child should receive 6 vaccinations. Revaccination – after 10 years.

Popular DTP vaccines in Russia

Tetanus adsorbed liquid vaccine produced by NPO Microgen, available in ampoules of 2 doses No. 10. The composition includes a suspension of killed bacteria, whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. Merthiolate is used for preservation. Toxoids are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Vaccination according to the scheme:

According to the national calendar - for the prevention of tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria (3, 4.5, 6 months).
Vaccinations are not given after the child reaches 4 years of age;
Injected intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle;
Use simultaneously with polio vaccination is allowed;
Revaccination – 18 months;
If the timing of administration of DTP by NPO Microgen is not observed, revaccination is carried out 12 months after the last injection;
If the child is over 4 years old and has not been vaccinated, it is rational to administer ADS toxoid;
After reaching 6 years of age without vaccination, immunization with ADS-M is carried out.

One vaccine contains about 30 international units of diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine - at least 4 IU, tetanus toxoid - at least 60 IU. The slightly yellowish or white liquid is transparent and contains a loose sediment that disappears when shaken.

After administration, the body produces specific antibodies against whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus, which should protect for 10 years (if the terms of the national calendar are fully met).

Contraindications:

History of seizures (febrile);
Nervous diseases.

DTP NPO "Microgen" is administered according to a special scheme in children after 3 years of age.

If there are complications after the 3rd vaccination, the first revaccination is carried out after 12-18 months. Subsequent courses are given at 7 and 14 years of age for children. It is advisable for adults to be vaccinated every 10 years.

Infanrix for the prevention of whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria

The purified liquid inactivated vaccine Infanrix from GlaxoSmithKline contains 30 immunizing units of diphtheria toxoid, 40 IU of tetanus toxoid, 25 mcg of pertussis toxin. Excipients: hemagglutinin, pertactin.

When preparing the product, the toxoids of Clostridium tetani and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are inactivated and purified. The pertussis component is produced by growing a culture of Bordetella pertussis with extraction, purification and isolation of RT, FHA.

The timing of administration is slightly different from the national calendar and the previous DPT Microgen:

First injection at 3 months;
Second – 2 years;
Third – 6 years.

Designed for deep intramuscular injection. It is prescribed with caution to persons with thrombocytopenia, a blood clotting disorder. With intramuscular injections there is a risk of bleeding, so after the procedure you need to press the muscles tightly for about 2 minutes.

Infanrix should not be prescribed to people with hypersensitivity to any component of the drug. Infanrix is given to children with encephalopathy of unknown etiology for a week, 7 days after the previous vaccination. The content of the pertussis component determines rare complications.

Infanrix is not given to children with encephalopathy without clear reasons.

Side effects:

Loss of appetite;
Diarrhea;
Vomit;
Irritability;
Fever;
Edema;
Hyperemia;
Pain.

The vaccine is used simultaneously with other options intended for immunization of children. Used in one syringe together with vaccines for the prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type B. To preserve the properties, the drug should not be frozen.

DPT: deciphering the timing, features of vaccination

Each subsequent dose is given no earlier than 4 weeks after the previous injection. If a child gets sick during the next vaccination, you just need to treat the disease and then vaccinate. The timing can be delayed for a long time, but the course can be extended immediately after the disease is cured.

When is the first DTP vaccination given?

According to the national calendar, the first DTP vaccination should be given after the child reaches the age of 3 months. If the baby gets sick during this time period, vaccination is carried out after recovery.

Such terms are determined due to the loss of immune activity of antibodies, which are transferred to the baby along with mother's milk.

If the first vaccination has not been carried out, it can be done regardless of the child’s age.

Severe complications after vaccination occur in children with an enlarged thymus gland. It is better to do the first injection with Infanrix, as there are fewer complications with it. Domestic AFSD “Microgen” and imported “Tetrakok” often cause reactions.

The second DTP is done 30-40 days after the primary immunization. All types of vaccinations against whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus are interchangeable. If it is impossible to use the drug used for vaccination for the first time, you can use an analogue.

Usually, with the second injection, more pronounced reactions are observed, which is due to the presence in the body of antibodies against the administered antigens. Allergies during secondary vaccination are the norm rather than a pathology.

If there are complications after the first DTP, the second injection at 4.5 months is given with drugs of weakened reactogenicity - ADS (diphtheria, tetanus components).

The third DTP is done 30-40 days after the second. If the previous immunization was missed, then the vaccination is performed and it is considered the 3rd (the second is skipped).

Choosing the site of DTP administration

Intramuscular administration of the vaccine preparation in children is considered preferable. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults receive the immunization in the thigh. Subcutaneous injection is not rational due to the long absorption of the substance into the blood and low immunogenicity.

The child’s thigh muscles are not developed, so it is impossible to give an injection. Schoolchildren have the opportunity to inject the drug into the shoulder.

Complications after vaccination

To identify the pathogenetic mechanisms of the child’s body’s response to specific immunization, a number of studies have been carried out. In patients with respiratory syndrome and bronchial asthma, manifestations of bronchial obstruction were not determined; theoretically, they should exist.

Exacerbations of atopic dermatitis occur after injection of the vaccine in children suffering from bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and pollen allergies.

In children with allergic diseases after vaccination with ADS-M and DPT-M, mild reactions with skin rash and moderate infiltrative changes are observed in the post-vaccination period.

The antibody titers formed after vaccination with ADS-M and DTP-M in children with an allergic reaction are no different from the immunoglobulins of healthy children.

It is recommended that children with neurological disorders be administered ADS-M toxoid, which does not create a large burden on the immune system. The procedure is performed only for compensation of neurological syndromes and remission of allergic conditions. Assessment of the state of the brain is carried out on the basis of electroencephalography.

It is rational to immunize neurological patients with the DPT-M vaccine only after identifying contact with a patient with whooping cough or diphtheria. In vaccination centers, after a preliminary examination of the child by a psychoneurologist, the reactogenicity of the vaccine in relation to a particular patient is assessed.

Contraindications to DPT:

Acute inflammatory infections;
Allergy to the components of the vaccine;
Immunodeficiency conditions;
Neurological symptoms;
Fever.

For patients with perinatal encephalopathy, prematurity, and allergic diseases in relatives, prevention is carried out with vaccine preparations of weakened reactogenicity (Infanrix).

The danger of adsorbed pertussis-tetanus-diphtheria vaccine

The DTP vaccine is one of the most immunogenic among the options included in the national calendar. In addition to following the general rules, drug preparation should be carried out.

General rules for vaccination:

At the time of the procedure, the child must be healthy;
You can’t dress your baby warmly;
Vaccination is done on an empty stomach;
Before visiting the treatment room, it is advisable for the baby to go to the toilet.

Typically, the DTP vaccine is administered along with painkillers, antipyretics, and antiallergic drugs. Children's medications based on ibuprofen and paracetamol effectively relieve inflammatory reactions. Rarely accompanied by side effects.

Before visiting a children's clinic to vaccinate their child, parents must stock up on medications to reduce inflammation and pain.

Preparing for vaccination of children with an allergic predisposition:

The day before the procedure, if you have allergies, give your baby an antihistamine (Erius, Fenistil);
After coming home from the clinic, administer antipyretic suppositories to prevent a rise in temperature and eliminate swelling of the injection site;
Continue using antihistamines;
Reduce the temperature if it rises;
On day 3, stop taking the drug when the temperature normalizes. If the allergy does not stop and the high temperature curve persists, visit your pediatrician.

Be careful about vaccine injections in children with a tendency to allergies. We do not recommend going home immediately after vaccination. Walk for about an hour near the walls of a medical institution. If a child experiences post-vaccination reactions, doctors will provide emergency assistance.

Walking in the fresh air has a positive effect on the recovery of the body. If possible, walk home.

Before going to bed, put anti-inflammatory suppositories with paracetamol if during the day there were periods of temperature rise above the subferbrile level (38 degrees). Do not try to feed your baby abundantly, as his condition will only worsen.

Don't limit your fluid intake. Diluting the blood helps reduce the amount of toxins. Carbonated drinks should not be given. Limit yourself to juices, boiled water, milk.

Climatic conditions of the room: temperature more than 22 degrees Celsius, humidity 50-70%. If the baby is feeling well, you can walk outside. You just need to limit your circle of contacts.

For several weeks after preventive immunization for whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus, we do not recommend inviting guests. When foreign bacteria enter against the background of reduced immunity, infectious diseases are possible.

Strict adherence to the above principles will significantly reduce the risk of post-vaccination reactions.

The harsh realities of domestic vaccination

The quality of vaccination in domestic medical institutions is not organized well enough. Situations when, after vaccination, a child has to spend a lot of time in the corridors of a children's clinic are not uncommon. You should not be surprised by inflammation of the respiratory system or intestinal gastroenteritis after vaccination. The clinical picture is determined not so much by the consequences of DTP, but by the addition of an acute respiratory disease against the background of a temporary decrease in immunity.

Criteria for a severe post-vaccination condition of a child:

Swelling of the injection area is 8 centimeters or more;
Persistent temperature greater than 38.5 degrees;
Constant irritability and crying for more than 3 hours.

If such signs are detected, you should contact your pediatrician. Self-treatment is dangerous with lethal consequences. We must not forget about the likelihood of immediate allergic reactions - anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema.

Criteria for a normal reaction to vaccination:

Redness of the injection area;
Slight thickening of the skin;
Soreness;
"Lump" in the injection area.

The WHO approach to the treatment of post-vaccination fever is interesting. Classic pediatric standards require maintaining low-grade fever. If the numbers on the thermometer do not exceed 38, you should not lower your temperature. The recommendation is based on accelerating the metabolism of substances during mild fever, which speeds up the healing process.

WHO experts advise taking antipyretics for any deviation of the temperature curve from the norm. The approach is caused by a decrease in immunity, which cannot cope with pathogenic reactions on its own.

Treatment of post-vaccination reactions

To treat seals, medications are required to improve local blood supply. The most common drug for achieving these goals is aescusan. The medicine allows you to eliminate the “bump”, swelling, and increase local blood supply.

If the DTP injection site hurts, there is no need to force the child to endure it. Apply ice to the damaged area.

Cough after vaccine therapy is caused by exacerbation of chronic diseases. Against the background of decreased immunity, the opportunistic flora of the body may become more active. With a stable protective system, microorganisms do not have the opportunity to actively reproduce, so they live favorably in the human body. As soon as the immune system has weakened, the flora has the opportunity to reproduce.

European studies have shown that DTP vaccination is a provocative test that aggravates chronic diseases. Against this background, muscle cramps occur in predisposed children, and acute allergic reactions are formed.

The DTP vaccine should not be underestimated, much less avoided: before its invention in the 40s of the last century, infections with tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough were the main causes of child death! With the improvement of living conditions, advances in medicine, and the introduction of compulsory vaccination, the danger from these diseases is no longer so serious. However, the risk always remains and refusing vaccinations is extremely unwise and dangerous. Although DPT vaccinations are fraught with side effects and reactions, this is a small price to pay before the danger of contracting tetanus or diphtheria. The national vaccination schedule in the Russian Federation establishes four main periods of DTP vaccination: the first vaccination in infancy (3–6 months), revaccination at the age of one and a half years, revaccination of diphtheria and tetanus at 6 years and vaccinations in adulthood (at 14 years and once every 19 years subsequently, only diphtheria with tetanus). The timing of DTP vaccination is clearly shown in the table below.

First vaccination

Without a doubt, the most important stage in the formation of children's immune defense is the first months after birth. At the beginning of life, children are much more susceptible to infection by dangerous viruses and microorganisms, and the body itself is not able to withstand severe infectious blows. Therefore, the first DTP vaccination, as one of the primary ones, takes place already in the 3rd month of life. This stage consists of three vaccinations, one every 45 days - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. It is very advisable to follow the schedule as accurately as possible, but if necessary (illness of children, temporary contraindications, etc.), the dates of vaccinations can be postponed for a short period of time, the success of the formation of immunity does not suffer from this.

Three days before the very first vaccination, doctors recommend giving the baby antihistamines for children - this will reduce the risk of allergies and reduce the reaction in general. In addition, it is necessary to stock up on antipyretic drugs.

The first injection is given at the age of 3 months, because the immunity transferred to children with mother's antibodies begins to disappear by this time. This process may take place differently in different children, but the ideal period for the first vaccination in different countries is considered to be between 2 and 4 months. As in subsequent times, the drug is introduced into the body by intramuscular injection. The best place for injection is the inner thigh, where the muscles are well developed even in newborn children. At the time of vaccination, the child must be healthy and fully examined for contraindications. The first stage of DPT is important because it can reveal a hidden allergic reaction and give an idea of how the child’s body reacts to the components of the vaccine. It is important for parents to be especially vigilant in order to promptly notice any abnormal changes in the child’s condition.

The second vaccination of the DPT vaccine is given 45 days after the first. The procedure is no different from the previous injection, but children often tolerate the vaccination much worse. In children, the temperature rises greatly, convulsions, drowsiness, or, conversely, prolonged high-pitched crying may occur. This happens because after the first vaccination the child has time to develop antibodies to the vaccine toxoids and during the second vaccination the baby’s body tries to protect itself from the practically harmless components of the vaccine. That is, the child’s condition during this period is a consequence of the internal struggle of the immune system against toxoids. Despite the fact that the process is normal, it cannot be left to chance - the baby needs to be given an antipyretic and his condition carefully monitored. An increase in temperature above 39.5 °C, severe convulsions that continue for more than a day, prolonged redness of the body and other strange phenomena are a reason to immediately consult a doctor. Doctors do not recommend changing the drug during vaccination, however, if after the first vaccination the child experienced a severe reaction (temperature 38.5 °C or higher, severe convulsions), it makes sense to give the second and subsequent injections a more expensive and safe imported drug.

Some DTP vaccinations coincide in timing with other vaccinations - in this case, you can use combined imported vaccines, this will reduce the number of painful injections.

The last of the three DPT vaccinations serves to fully strengthen immunity and is given to children at 6 months. If it was impossible to vaccinate at the required time, the scheme allows for the vaccination to be postponed up to two months in advance. It is also done intramuscularly and is relatively painless for children. If there were no negative reactions after the first two vaccinations, it is advisable to inject the same drug. Otherwise, it is permissible to change the vaccine to imported Infanrix or another.

Revaccination first

A single vaccine shot at one and a half years of age (18 months). The most common question parents ask before re-vaccination is: why is it needed? The DPT vaccine provides children with immunity from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria for more than 5 years, as many parents know. However, far fewer parents go into the intricacies of immunology, not suspecting that the first acquired immunity from whooping cough and tetanus disappears in 15–20% of cases within a year after vaccination. The body ceases to consider the infection a real threat in the future and gradually stops producing antibodies. To prevent this, children should receive another additional vaccination, which will give a 100% immune response for the required period. Many parents, without knowing this, refuse such a quick re-vaccination with DTP, especially if the baby had serious reactions the first time. Important: if the child nevertheless ends up in the 20% of children who have lost immunity after the first DTP injections, he will be defenseless against the three most dangerous infectious diseases up to 6 years of age. It is impossible to establish this for sure without a serious immunological study, so it is easier to simply do an extra vaccination.

In accordance with the national vaccination calendar, the anti-pertussis component is not administered to children over four years of age.

Second and subsequent revaccinations

Further vaccinations are separated by significantly longer time intervals and have an important difference - the pertussis component is excluded from vaccination. For children over 4 years of age, domestic medicine completely excludes whole-cell whooping cough vaccinations (immunity is not developed; the vaccine will simply infect the child with whooping cough). Russia does not produce acellular pertussis vaccinations, so vaccination against it ends in the Russian Federation after 4 years. This is also justified by the fact that older children are much less susceptible to the disease, tolerate it more easily, and the mortality rate with proper care is zero. The drug DPT (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus) is not used in further vaccination because it contains a pertussis component. Up to 6 years of age, the drug ADS (adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine) is used to instill immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in children, and after that - ADS-M (an identical drug with a much lower content of active substances).

The second revaccination (this time only against tetanus and diphtheria) takes place at 6 years of age. The child is given only one vaccination intramuscularly, the reaction from which should be minimal compared to all previous ones. If you still want to protect your child from whooping cough, it is permissible to use an imported drug (Pentaxim, Tetraxim, Infanrix and others). There is little need - the disease from the age of 6 years is more easily tolerated than influenza, and after one case of the disease, the child will receive natural lifelong immunity.

The last revaccination for children is done at the age of 14 with the drug ADS-M, with a low content of active toxoids. The drug has been changed so as not to put unnecessary stress on the body; to maintain immunity in adulthood, several times smaller doses of the active components are sufficient. ADS-M does not generate immunity in the body, but is only a “reminder” for the body to maintain it.

Revaccination for adults is done every 10 years, starting from the age of 24, with the drug ADS-M. Most people neglect it, since the risk of infection and the danger for an adult is much less than for children. But nevertheless, the risk remains quite high; infection with these infections can seriously undermine one’s health and even make a person disabled. Prevention of tetanus with diphtheria is especially recommended for people at risk: working with children, animals, and medical personnel.

Brief reminder

Vaccination of whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria takes place in two stages: two vaccinations in the period of 2-6 months, at 1.5 years and 6 years;
Tetanus-diphtheria vaccinations are given separately at 6 and 14 years of age, as well as every subsequent 10 years of life;
The vaccination schedule may be changed as necessary, with the approval of the doctor. The number of vaccinations does not change;
All drugs certified in Russia, including imported ones, are interchangeable;
The person being vaccinated must be healthy and have no contraindications to vaccination;
An open, especially contaminated wound is a reason for urgent vaccination if it has not been done for more than 5 years;
It is recommended to give children an antihistamine at any stage, be sure to reduce the fever after vaccination;
All vaccinations, including extraordinary ones, must be reflected in the vaccination card.

The DTP vaccination scheme is much more transparent after careful examination than many parents think. Carefully follow the doctor’s instructions and vaccination rules so that DTP does not leave behind anything but peace of mind for the health of your children!

How many days does the temperature last after DPT and polio vaccination? Which reaction to DPT vaccination is normal and which is a complication?

DPT vaccine – facts and figures

At what age is the vaccine given?

There is a certain schedule of vaccines that are given to a child and it looks like this:

1 at approximately 2-3 months;
2 at about 4-5 months of age;
3 strictly at 6 months;

Important! These three doses, which are given to an ordinary child, represent the usual primary treatment course. You need to know that the interval between these vaccines is usually 30 days. This is the established minimum.

4 at one and a half years.

Such 4 DPT vaccinations are a complete high-quality vaccination given to a child, which allows the body to be maximally protected from such serious diseases as whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Important! According to numerous experts, if at some point the vaccination schedule was disrupted, there is no point in administering vaccines from the very beginning. It is necessary to renew strictly from the year in which some failure occurred. The most important thing here is to quickly get into the required vaccine schedule.

DPT – a wide variety of vaccines

Important! It should be understood that all adverse reactions are only temporary disorders that cannot be regarded as a threat to health. They cannot be compared with the complications caused by the diseases listed above.

Where does the doctor give the injection?

Various negative reactions

There is slight redness at the injection site, it also becomes denser due to slight swelling;
The baby may lose appetite, and such phenomena as diarrhea and unpleasant vomiting are also possible;
As a certain reaction, there is a possibility of a slight increase in temperature, so the baby becomes restless and a little capricious. Also, the baby may become lethargic and sleepy at the same time.

Usually, all negative manifestations arise and are present during the first day, then they disappear almost completely, and with relatively little medical intervention.

How to properly prepare for vaccination?

About a couple of days before vaccination, it is worth giving your baby high-quality antihistamines that will prevent possible allergic reactions.
Directly on the day of vaccination, it is worth using all possible methods to prevent hyperthermia; it does not help the formation of optimal immune defense.
If your baby has been vaccinated, after this procedure you should immediately put a special candle with various effective drugs that reduce fever, and at a temperature that is relatively normal in all respects.
If the child is a little older, the medicine is given in the form of syrup, and the temperature level should be checked before bedtime.
The next day after receiving the vaccine, it is also worth monitoring the temperature.
There is no need to give your baby a large amount of food for a couple of days, but a large amount of water is a must. It is best to give your child clean water.
It is recommended to maintain an optimal temperature in the room, approximately 21 degrees.

Important! As for the dosage of the main remedies for fever, as well as possible allergic reactions, they must first be discussed with your doctor before the vaccination is given.

Compaction after DTP vaccination
The injection site turned red after DTP vaccination - what to do?

vaccinations, as an effective means of combating dangerous infectious diseases. One of the very first vaccinations that a child is given is

DPT, which represents

vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. All three infectious diseases are serious and potentially dangerous to humans, since, even with the use of the most modern and highly effective antibacterial drugs, the percentage of deaths is very high. In addition, severe forms of infections can lead to developmental disorders and disability of a person from childhood.

Explanation of DTP vaccination and types of vaccines used

The DTP vaccine is classified internationally as DTP. The abbreviation simply stands for adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. This drug is a combination drug and is used to combat, respectively, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Today there is a choice of these vaccines - the domestic drug DPT or Infanrix. There are also combination vaccines that contain not only DTP, for example:

Pentaxim – DPT + against polio + hemophilus influenzae infection;
Bubo – M – diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B;
Tetrakok – DPT + against polio;
Tritanrix-HB – DTP + against hepatitis B.

The DTP vaccine is the basis for immunoprophylaxis of tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. However, the pertussis component can cause strong reactions, or revaccination only against diphtheria and tetanus is required - then the appropriate vaccines are used, which in Russia include the following:

ADS (according to the international nomenclature DT) is a vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria. Today, our country uses domestic ADS and imported D.T.Vax;
ADS-m (dT) is a vaccine intended against tetanus and diphtheria, which is administered to children after 6 years of age and to adults. In Russia, domestic ADS-m and imported Imovax D.T.Adult are used;
AC (international nomenclature T) – tetanus vaccine;
AD-m (d) – vaccine against diphtheria.

These types of vaccines are used to vaccinate children and adults against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.
Should I get the DPT vaccine?

Today, DTP vaccination is given to children in all developed countries, thanks to which many thousands of children's lives have been saved. In the last five years, some developing countries have phased out the pertussis component, resulting in

infection

and the mortality rate from it has increased significantly. As a result of this experiment, governments decided to return to vaccination against whooping cough.

Of course, the question “should I get the DPT vaccine?” can be set in different ways. Some people believe that vaccinations are not necessary in principle, others believe that this particular vaccine is very dangerous and causes serious consequences in the form of neurological pathologies in the child, and others want to know whether it is possible to get vaccination for the baby.

If a person decides not to get vaccinated at all, then naturally he does not need DPT. If you think that the DTP vaccine is harmful and contains a lot of components that put too much stress on the child’s body, then this is not so. The human body is able to easily tolerate several vaccine components aimed against various infections. What is important here is not their quantity, but compatibility. Therefore, the DPT vaccine, developed in the 40s of the 20th century, became a kind of revolutionary achievement when it was possible to place a vaccine against three infections in one bottle. And from this point of view, such a combined drug means a reduction in the number of trips to the clinic, and only one injection instead of three.

It is certainly necessary to get the DTP vaccine, but you need to carefully examine the child and get permission for vaccination - then the risk of complications is minimal. According to a report from the World Health Organization, the most common reasons for the development of complications with DTP vaccination are ignoring medical contraindications, incorrect administration and spoiled drug. All these reasons can be eliminated, and you can safely get an important vaccination.

Parents who doubt the advisability of immunization can be reminded of the statistics from Russia before the start of vaccination (before the 1950s). Approximately 20% of children suffered from diphtheria, half of them died. Tetanus is an even more dangerous infection, with childhood mortality accounting for almost 85% of cases. In the world today, approximately 250,000 people die from tetanus every year in countries where they do not vaccinate. And absolutely all children suffered from whooping cough before the start of mass immunization. However, you should know that the DTP vaccine is the most difficult to tolerate of all those included in the national calendar. Therefore, vaccination, of course, is not a gift from God, but it is necessary.

DTP vaccination for adults

The last immunization of children with the DTP vaccine is done at the age of 14 years, then adults must be revaccinated every 10 years, that is, the next vaccination must be done at 24 years. Adults are given the diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccine because whooping cough is no longer a danger to them. Revaccination is necessary in order to maintain a level of antibodies in the human body that is sufficient to ensure immunity to infections. If an adult does not undergo revaccination, they will still have antibodies in their body, but their quantity is not sufficient to provide immunity, so there is a risk of getting sick. If a vaccinated person who has not been revaccinated after 10 years gets sick, the infection will develop in a milder form compared to those who have not been vaccinated at all.

How many DPT vaccinations are there and when are they given?

To form a sufficient number of antibodies that provide immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria, the child is given 4 doses of DPT vaccine - the first at the age of 3 months, the second after 30-45 days (that is, at 4-5 months), the third at six months ( at 6 months). The fourth dose of DTP vaccine is given at 1.5 years of age. These four doses are necessary for the formation

immunity

And all subsequent DPT vaccinations will be carried out only to maintain the required concentration of antibodies, and they are called revaccinations.

Then children are revaccinated at 6 - 7 years old, and at 14. Thus, each child receives 6 DTP vaccinations. After the last immunization at 14 years of age, revaccination must be carried out every 10 years, that is, at 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, etc.

Vaccination schedule

In the absence of contraindications and approval for vaccinations, the administration of the DTP vaccine to children and adults is carried out according to the following schedule:

1. 3 months.

2. 4 – 5 months.

3. 6 months.

4. 1.5 years (18 months).

5. 6 – 7 years old.

6. 14 years old.

7. 24 years.

8. 34 years.

9. 44 years old.

10. 54 years old.

11. 64 years old.

12. 74 years old.

Interval between vaccinations

The first three doses of DTP vaccine (at 3, 4.5 and 6 months) should be administered with an interval of 30 to 45 days between them. Administration of subsequent doses is not allowed earlier than after an interval of 4 weeks. That is, at least 4 weeks must pass between the previous and next DTP vaccinations.

If the time has come for the next DTP vaccination, and the child gets sick, or there are some other reasons why vaccination cannot be carried out, then it is postponed. You can postpone vaccination for a fairly long period of time, if necessary. But the vaccination should be given as soon as it can be done (for example, the child will recover, etc.).

If one or two doses of DTP were given, and the next vaccination had to be postponed, then when returning to vaccination there is no need to start it again - you should simply continue the interrupted chain. In other words, if there is one DPT vaccine, then two more doses must be delivered at intervals of 30–45 days, and one a year after the last one. If there are two DTP vaccinations, then simply give the last one, the third one, and a year later, the fourth one. Then vaccinations are given according to schedule, that is, at 6–7 years old, and at 14.

First DTP at 3 months

According to the vaccination calendar, the first DTP is given to a child at the age of 3 months. This is due to the fact that maternal antibodies received from her by the child through the umbilical cord persist only 60 days after birth. That is why it was decided to start immunization from 3 months, and some countries do this from 2 months. If for some reason DTP was not given at 3 months, then the first vaccination can be done at any age up to 4 years. Children over 4 years of age who have not previously been vaccinated with DPT are vaccinated only against tetanus and diphtheria - that is, with DPT preparations.

To minimize the risk of reactions, it is important that the child is healthy when the vaccine is administered. A great danger is the presence of thymomegaly (enlargement of the thymus gland), in which DPT can cause severe reactions and complications.

The first DTP vaccination can be done with any vaccine. You can use domestic or imported ones - Tetrakok and Infanrix. DTP and Tetrakok cause post-vaccination reactions (not complications!) in approximately 1/3 of children, while Infanrix, on the contrary, is very easily tolerated. Therefore, if possible, it is better to install Infanrix.

Second DPT

The second DTP vaccination is done 30 - 45 days after the first, that is, at 4.5 months. It is best to vaccinate your child with the same drug as the first time. However, if for some reason it is impossible to deliver the same vaccine as the first time, then you can replace it with any other one. Remember that according to the requirements of the World Health Organization, all types of DTP are interchangeable.

The reaction to the second DPT can be much stronger than to the first. You shouldn’t be afraid of this, but be mentally prepared. This reaction of the child’s body is not a sign of pathology. The fact is that, as a result of the first vaccination, the body has already encountered the components of microbes, to which it has produced a certain amount of antibodies, and the second “date” with the same microorganisms causes a stronger response. In most children, the strongest reaction is observed precisely to the second DPT.

If the child missed the second DPT for any reason, then it should be given as soon as possible, as soon as possible. In this case, it will be considered the second, and not the first, since, even if the vaccination schedule is delayed and violated, there is no need to cross out everything done and start over.

If the child had a strong reaction to the first DPT vaccination, then it is better to give the second one with another vaccine with less reactogenicity - Infanrix, or administer only DPT. The main component of the DTP vaccine that causes reactions is the cells of the pertussis microbe, and diphtheria and tetanus toxins are easily tolerated. That is why, if there is a strong reaction to DPT, it is recommended to administer only DPT containing antitetanus and antidiphtheria components.

Third DPT

The third DTP vaccine is administered 30 to 45 days after the second. If the vaccine is not given at this time, then vaccination is carried out as soon as possible. In this case, the vaccination is considered to be the third one.

Some children react most strongly to the third rather than the second DTP vaccine. A strong reaction is not a pathology, as is the case with the second vaccination. If the previous two DTP injections were delivered with one vaccine, and for some reason it is impossible to obtain it for the third, but another drug is available, then it is better to get vaccinated rather than postpone it.

Where is the vaccination given?

The DTP vaccine preparation must be administered intramuscularly, since this is the method that ensures the release of the drug components at the required speed, which allows the formation of immunity. Injection under the skin can lead to a very long release of the drug, which will make the injection simply useless. That is why it is recommended to inject DTP into the child’s thigh, since the muscles on the leg are well developed even in the smallest. For older children or adults, DPT can be injected into the shoulder if the muscle layer there is well developed.

The DTP vaccine should not be injected into the buttock, as there is a high risk of getting into a blood vessel or sciatic nerve. In addition, there is a fairly large layer of subcutaneous fatty tissue on the buttocks, and the needle may not reach the muscles, then the drug will be administered incorrectly, and the drug will not have the desired effect. In other words, DPT vaccination should not be done in the buttock. In addition, international studies have shown that the best production of antibodies by the body occurs when the vaccine is injected into the thigh. Based on all of the above data, the World Health Organization recommends administering the DTP vaccine specifically to the thigh.

Contraindications Today there are general contraindications to DPT, such as:1. Any pathology in the acute period.

2. Allergic reaction to vaccine components.

3. Immunodeficiency.

In this case, the child cannot be vaccinated in principle.

If there are neurological symptoms or seizures due to fever, children can be vaccinated with a vaccine that does not contain a pertussis component, that is, ADS. Children with leukemia, as well as pregnant and lactating women, are not vaccinated until recovery. Children receive a temporary medical exemption from vaccination due to an exacerbation of diathesis, for whom vaccination is carried out after achieving remission of the disease and normalization of the condition.

False contraindications for DPT vaccination are as follows:

perinatal encephalopathy;
prematurity;
allergies in relatives;
convulsions in relatives;
severe reactions to the administration of DTP in relatives.

This means that if these factors are present, vaccinations can be carried out, but it is necessary to examine the child, obtain permission from a neurologist and use purified vaccines with minimal reactogenicity (for example, Infanrix).

Administration of the ADS vaccine is contraindicated only in people who have had an allergic or neurological reaction to this drug in the past.

Before DTP vaccination - preparation methods

The DPT vaccine has the highest reactogenicity among all vaccines included in the national calendar. That is why, in addition to following the general rules, it is necessary to carry out drug preparation and support for DTP vaccination. General rules include:

the child must be completely healthy at the time of vaccination;
the child must be hungry;
the baby has to poop;
The child should not be dressed too hot.

The DTP vaccine must be administered against the background of the use of antipyretic, analgesic and antiallergic drugs. Children's antipyretics based on paracetamol and ibuprofen also have a moderate analgesic effect, which eliminates discomfort in the injection area. Keep analgin on hand that you can give to your child if there is severe pain.

Buy antipyretics in advance and keep them at home, on hand. It is best to have different forms of release, such as candles and syrups. If you give your child an antipyretic with paracetamol, but there is no effect, then try a drug with a different active ingredient (for example, ibuprofen).

Antiallergic drugs will also help reduce the severity of post-vaccination reactions, which is especially important for children with this tendency.

In a generalized version, the following procedure for using medications as preparation for DTP vaccination is adopted:

1 – 2 days before vaccination, if you have diathesis or any allergies, give antihistamines in the usual dose (for example, Fenistil, Erius, etc.).
On the day of vaccination After arriving home, immediately administer an antipyretic in suppositories to prevent a rise in temperature and swelling at the injection site, and also to calm the baby’s crying. Give antiallergic drugs at the same time. Measure your temperature throughout the day - if it rises, feel free to bring it down. Be sure to give an antipyretic before bed, and check for fever during the night. If the temperature rises, bring it down.
First day after vaccination check the temperature - if it is elevated, give an antipyretic. Regardless of the temperature, give your child an antiallergic drug.
Second day after vaccination– continue to give antiallergic and, if necessary, antipyretic. If the child’s temperature is not high, then you can not give an antipyretic.
Third day after vaccination– the temperature should return to normal, stop taking the antiallergic drug.

The dosage of medications and the most optimal medications for your child must be selected together with the attending physician, taking into account all the individual qualities of the baby. It is better to do this in advance and stock up on the necessary medications.
After DTP vaccination - what to do?

Immediately after receiving the DPT vaccine, it is best to go outside and walk near the clinic for half an hour in order to be within reach of a medical facility if a severe allergic reaction begins to develop.

Then you can go home. If the child is active, feels well, and there is no fever, you can take a walk in the fresh air, but not in a large company of children. You can even walk home from the clinic if possible.

Upon arrival home, immediately give your child an antipyretic, do not wait for the temperature to rise. It is necessary to check your child's temperature throughout the day. If it appears, then knock it down, since scientists and doctors do not believe that hyperthermia helps the development of immunity - on the contrary, it only causes inconvenience and discomfort to the child. Before going to bed, you need to put candles with antipyretic, regardless of the presence of hyperthermia.

Try not to feed your baby too much as this will make his condition worse. The opposite situation is with drinking: give liquid without restriction - the more, the better. Do not feed your child any new or exotic foods - only old and proven foods. Also, you should not give your child juices, especially concentrated ones - it’s better to just warm water, weak tea, chamomile infusion, etc. Maintain the air temperature in the child’s room no higher than 22oC, and the humidity within 50 - 70%.

If the child feels well, do not keep him at home, try to go for walks more. However, limit the number of contacts with people, do not be on playgrounds, do not visit or invite people over.

Reaction to the vaccine - side effects

Post-vaccination reactions or side effects occur quite often, in almost 30% of children, but these manifestations are not pathology or symptoms of a serious illness. Regarding the DTP vaccine, the most common side effects occur after the third and fourth administration of the drug. It is necessary to distinguish between complications and side effects, since the former are a pathology, and the latter are not. The main difference between side effects and complications is that they pass without a trace, leaving no health problems.

The DTP vaccine may cause local and systemic side effects. Local symptoms include the following:1. Redness, swelling, induration and tenderness at the injection site.

2. Impaired walking due to pain at the injection site - the child, as a rule, cries, “protects” his leg, does not allow him to touch the sore spot, etc.

Common symptoms of side effects of the DPT vaccine include the following:

temperature increase;
anxiety;
moodiness;
lethargy, prolonged sleep during the day or night;
vomit;
diarrhea;
appetite disorder.

All side effects of the DTP vaccine appear within the first 24 hours after administration of the drug. If a child develops an appetite disorder, diarrhea, fever or snot two to three days after vaccination, then these phenomena are not caused by the vaccine, but by some kind of infection, which simply coincided with the medical procedure in terms of the time of infection. Unfortunately, the vaccination process in our country is not very well organized, so it is a fairly typical situation when a healthy child, after being in the corridors of the clinic, inevitably “catch” an acute respiratory infection or diarrhea, which is in no way related to the vaccine. Therefore, if a child develops any symptoms a few days after vaccination, it is necessary to consult a doctor and find out the cause of the baby’s health disorder.

Sometimes the side effects can be severe, but since they are reversible and do not harm the baby's health, they should not be mistaken for complications. If your child develops a severe reaction to DTP, be sure to notify your doctor and include all the information in your medical records. A reaction to DTP is considered severe when the following symptoms develop:

1. Persistent crying for more than 3 hours in a row.

2. Temperature above 39.0

3. Swelling of more than 8 cm at the injection site.

In this case, the baby’s crying is due to severe pain, which can be reduced by giving ibuprofen and analgin.

In principle, the relief of symptoms of side effects of any severity is carried out with the same drugs, so the procedure for adults is the same as for ordinary reactions to DPT. If the child’s condition does not improve as a result of the measures taken, you should consult a doctor. And severe side effects of DTP can be prevented by proper drug preparation for vaccination, which can significantly reduce the risk of these negative phenomena.

Cough, fever, lump, redness, lump and pain after
DTP vaccinations

Temperature after DTP. This phenomenon is considered a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a vaccine. However, fever does not help the formation of immunity against infections, so when it appears, give your child an antipyretic. Some doctors recommend not lowering the temperature if it is not higher than 38.0

C, since in this situation there is no risk of the child developing seizures. However, the World Health Organization recommends that any fever caused by the vaccine should be controlled.

Seal and bump after DTP. A lump at the injection site may form and resolve within 2 weeks after vaccination. This reaction is normal, since there is a process of local inflammation at the injection site, which decreases as the vaccine is absorbed. To reduce compaction and speed up resorption, you can lubricate the injection site with Troxevasin ointment.

A bump after DPT can form when the vaccine gets into the subcutaneous fatty tissue rather than into the muscle. There are much fewer vessels in the fatty layer, the rate of absorption of the vaccine is also sharply reduced, and as a result, a lump that does not go away for a long time is formed. You can try Troxevasin or Aescusan ointments to increase blood circulation and speed up the absorption of the drug, which will lead to the resorption of the lump. A lump can also form if the vaccine was administered without aseptic technique? and dirt got into the injection site. In this case, the lump is an inflammatory process; pus forms inside it, which must be released and the wound treated.

Redness after DPT. This is also normal, since a mild inflammatory reaction develops at the injection site, which is always characterized by the formation of redness. If the child is no longer bothered, do not take any action. As the drug dissolves, the inflammation will go away on its own, and the redness will also go away.

It hurts after DTP. Pain at the injection site is also due to an inflammatory reaction, which can be more or less pronounced, depending on the individual characteristics of the child. You should not force your baby to endure pain, give him analgin, apply ice to the injection site. If the pain does not go away for a long time, consult a doctor.

Cough after DPT. Some children may develop a cough within 24 hours in response to the DPT vaccine if they have chronic respiratory diseases. This is due to the body’s reaction to the pertussis component. However, this condition does not require special treatment and goes away on its own within a few days. If a cough develops a day or several days after vaccination, then a typical situation occurs when a healthy child “caught” some kind of infection in the clinic.

Complications

Vaccine complications include severe health problems that require treatment and may have adverse consequences. So, DTP vaccination can cause the following complications:

severe allergies (anaphylactic shock, urticaria, Quincke's edema, etc.);
convulsions against a background of normal temperature;
encephalitis;
encephalopathy (neurological symptoms);

To date, the incidence of these complications is extremely low - from 1 to 3 cases per 100,000 vaccinated children.

Currently, the connection between the development of encephalopathies and DTP vaccination is not considered scientifically proven, since it was not possible to identify any specific properties of vaccines that can cause such phenomena. Experiments on animals also did not reveal a connection between DPT vaccination and the formation of neurological disorders. Scientists and vaccinologists believe that DPT is a kind of provocation, during which an increase in temperature simply leads to the obvious manifestation of hitherto hidden disorders.

The development of short-term encephalopathy in children after DTP vaccination is caused by the pertussis component, which has a strong irritant effect on the membranes of the brain. However, the presence of convulsions against a background of normal temperature, twitching, nodding or disturbances of consciousness is a contraindication to further administration of the DTP vaccine.

Reviews about DTP vaccination

We can conditionally divide reviews of the DPT vaccine into emotional and those dictated by reason. A position where emotions predominate, reality is perceived exclusively from the sensory side, and is not analyzed, provokes a person to leave a negative review about the DTP vaccine. Since the child reacts to it, does not feel very well, has to worry and be nervous, then a person with emotional perception decides that this is very bad, and rather than freak out like that, it is better to refuse vaccinations - and everything will be fine. At this moment, he is not even afraid of the infection itself, since whether the child will get sick or not is still unknown, and he will have to experience vaccine reactions now.

If a person perceives reality critically, approaches the assessment of the child’s condition from a position of reason, taking control of emotions, then he leaves a positive review of the DTP vaccine. This is dictated by the fact that the vaccine, of course, causes reactions, but the child will be protected from severe infections. It is better to prepare for the vaccine, survive the reactions and be calm. In this case, parents believe that the benefits of immunization are incomparably greater than its hypothetical harm.

Imported, paid DTP vaccine

In our country, the Infanrix and Tetracok vaccines are offered as paid DPT vaccinations. Both of these vaccines are imported and differ markedly from the usual domestic DTP. The fact is that Tetrakok and Infanrix allow you to form more effective immunity to infections. This means that after DPT the child’s risk of getting diphtheria, whooping cough or tetanus is higher than after the Tetracoc and Infanrix vaccines. However, even in case of illness, the infection will be mild. To be fair, it should be pointed out that such a phenomenon is quite rare.

In terms of the effectiveness of forming immunity, Infanrix and Tetrakok are the same, but there are differences in other respects. Tetracok is very reactogenic and causes side effects even more often than regular DPT. And Infanrix contains an acellular (acellular) pertussis component, which causes a very low incidence of reactions to the vaccine. However, there is a significant drawback - the cost of the drug ranges from 1000 to 2000 rubles.

If you are considering getting vaccinated with an imported vaccine, think about what properties are most important to you. If you want to save your child from reactions to vaccinations, choose Infanrix, and if the baby tolerates vaccinations well and reactogenicity is not too important, you can take the cheaper Tetracok.

DTP vaccination: questions and answers - video

ATTENTION! The information posted on our website is for reference or popular information and is provided to a wide range of readers for discussion. Prescription of medications should be carried out only by a qualified specialist, based on the medical history and diagnostic results.

The DTP vaccine was invented in the 40s of the last century. This was a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of immunization, as it was possible to combine three vaccines in one vial. After the introduction of the DPT vaccine into practice, the number of childhood deaths from tetanus/whooping cough decreased sharply. At the moment, DTP vaccination is given to children in all developed countries of the world.

Why vaccinate a child?

The Internet is filled with outrage against immunization of children and adults. Less than a hundred years later, many people forgot about the elimination of the deadly plague and smallpox viruses, which claimed hundreds of thousands of victims every year, through immunization. Before refusing vaccinations, you should realize one truth: natural immunity does not save you from many types of viruses.

To protect yourself from dangerous diseases, the body must have developed immunity to them. This is precisely the issue that immunization of the population solves. Without artificial immunity to the tetanus and pertussis viruses, mumps and rubella, the body will not have enough protective forces to fight the disease.

Parents are scared of combined multi-component vaccines. It seems to them that it is very difficult for children to tolerate a polyvalent vaccine, after the administration of which the child can become very ill. These fears are unfounded. It is not the number of vaccines that is important, but their compatibility with each other.

Important! Combined vaccines reduce the number of trips to the clinic and free the baby from unnecessary psychological trauma.

Immunization schedule

How many times do they give the DPT vaccine and where is the injection given to the child? The vaccination schedule involves 4 injections of the vaccine up to two years. Then two revaccinations are given, the last of which is given at 14 years of age. In the future, revaccination is recommended every 10 years, especially for young women planning pregnancy.

The vaccination is done into the muscle mass, since it is this place in the body that ensures the necessary rate of absorption of the suspension after administration and the correct formation of the immune response.

After DPT is administered under the skin, absorption into body tissue occurs too slowly, which casts doubt on the effectiveness of immunization. Where do babies get the vaccine? For young children, an injection is given into the developed muscles of the thigh. For adults and older children, the vaccine is injected into the shoulder muscles if they are sufficiently developed.

Why is the vaccine not injected into the gluteal muscles? The gluteal muscles are located under a dense layer of subcutaneous fat, so the likelihood of the vaccine being administered into the muscle is low. When the DPT vaccine enters the subcutaneous layer, absorption of the suspension will proceed very slowly due to the lack of blood vessels. Another reason for prohibiting the introduction of the vaccine into the buttock is the sciatic nerve, where the needle may accidentally enter.

Preparing a child for an injection

Vaccination is always stressful for a baby. To ensure that the injection site does not hurt after the administration of the DPT vaccine, vaccination should be carried out against the background of antipyretic and painkillers. The child is also given antihistamines three days before the vaccine is administered to reduce the risk of allergic reactions. Antihistamines are also given after the administration of DPT.

Mom should purchase suppositories and syrups with paracetamol in advance. Suppositories are administered for mild hyperthermia, syrup is given when the temperature rises above 37.5C. Accordingly, you should first discuss the use of drugs with your pediatrician. Antipyretic drugs also have pain relief properties:

Paracetamol;
Ibuprofen.

Advice. You can also give your baby other analgesics as agreed with the doctor. All this will help the baby get rid of the unnecessary suffering that the DTP vaccine causes.

After the clinic

What to do after coming from the clinic? If the baby feels well, doctors still advise placing an antipyretic suppository. You should not wait for the temperature to rise, because it does not contribute to the development of an immune response. So do the following:

Give your baby an antipyretic without waiting for a fever to appear.
Monitor the baby’s condition all day and measure the temperature.
Do not feed rich food, otherwise it will be difficult for the body to simultaneously digest food and cope with the DPT vaccine.
Do not give your baby unfamiliar food (new complementary foods).
Let's drink more fluids.
The room should not be hot: keep the temperature at 20-22C.
Do not visit for three days.

It is important to limit the contacts of a child who has been vaccinated with strangers and unfamiliar people. If the little one feels well, you can walk with him on the playground - but alone. You can also bathe your baby if it is very hot outside. Just don't irritate the injection site with a washcloth.

Questions related to vaccinating a child against infectious diseases concern all parents. One of the first vaccinations that a baby receives at a very early age is the DPT vaccine. This is why the greatest number of questions arise: what kind of reaction might there be to the DPT vaccine, how to prepare a child for the vaccine, and how to react to certain changes in the baby’s health after vaccination. It is also the most discussed vaccine, since most children react to DPT with an increase in temperature and sometimes other symptoms.

Let us consider in detail everything related to the drug itself, the rules for its use and possible reactions to the DPT vaccine in children.

What diseases are DPT used for?

What is the DPT vaccine for? The vaccine contains components against three dangerous infections of bacterial origin - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, the abbreviation of the name stands for - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

Whooping cough is a rapidly spreading infection that is dangerous mainly for children. It is very difficult in infants. It is complicated by damage to the respiratory system and occurs with pneumonia, severe cough, and convulsions. In the first half of the 20th century, whooping cough accounted for a significant portion of the causes of child mortality.
Diphtheria. A bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Fibrinous effusion and films form in the larynx and trachea, which can lead to suffocation and death.
Tetanus is a soil infection; a person becomes infected when bacteria enter wounds in the skin. It manifests itself as a violation of muscle innervation and convulsions. Without specific treatment, the risk of death is high.

The first vaccines began to be administered to children in the 1940s. Today, several drugs are approved for use in the Russian Federation, but the main one, which is included in the vaccination calendar, is the vaccine produced in Russia by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This manufacturer of DTP uses a pertussis component, which consists of inactivated pertussis microbes. The DPT vaccine has a foreign-made analogue - Infanrix, as well as similar combination vaccines containing antigens of other infections.

The DTP vaccine contains:

pertussis component - killed whooping cough bacteria in a concentration of 20 billion microbial bodies per 1 ml;
tetanus toxoid - 30 units;
diphtheria toxoid - 10 units;
Merthiolate is used as a preservative.

The pertussis component of the vaccine is the most reactogenic, since it contains whole cells of whooping cough bacilli (Bordetella pertussis). It causes the development of immunity to the bacteria that causes the disease.

Tetanus and diphtheria have a special course. To protect against these diseases, it is necessary that the body has protection not so much from microbes as from the toxins that they produce. Therefore, the vaccine does not contain the pathogens themselves, but their toxins.

Vaccination schedule

When is DTP done? According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the DTP vaccination schedule is as follows.

The DPT vaccine is given to children three times at the ages of 3, 4½ and 6 months.
The interval between injections should be 30–45 days. If for some reason the first vaccination was missed, then they start from the current moment, observing intervals of one and a half months.
Children over four years of age are given a vaccine without a pertussis component.

The maximum interval between vaccinations is 45 days, but if for some reason the administration of the drug was missed, then the second and third vaccinations are done whenever possible - there is no need to do extra vaccinations.

DPT revaccination is carried out at the following times: after a year at the age of one and a half years. If the first administration of the DPT vaccine was made later than three months, then revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third injection.

Adults are given the DPT vaccine only if they have not previously been vaccinated as children. A course of three injections is given at intervals of one and a half months.

At 7 and 14 years of age, children are revaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria using the ADS-M vaccine or its analogues. Such revaccinations are necessary to maintain the amount of antibodies and the stability of immunity at the proper level.

Adults receive booster vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria every ten years.

Description of instructions for use

The DTP vaccine is a white or yellowish suspension, packaged in ampoules. Ampoules are packed in cardboard boxes of 10 pieces.

According to the instructions for use of DPT, the drug is intended to create immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria in children. All children under four years of age must receive four doses of the vaccine. Children who have had whooping cough and have natural immunity to it are given a vaccine without a pertussis component (ADS, ADS-M).

Where is DTP vaccination given? It is placed intramuscularly in the thigh (quadriceps muscle), and in older children the injection is made in the shoulder. Intravenous administration of the DTP vaccine is not allowed.

The DTP vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations from the national calendar, giving injections into different parts of the body. The only exception is the BCG vaccination; it is given separately, observing a certain interval.

Contraindications for DTP

What contraindications does the DPT vaccine have and when should you not get vaccinated? Contraindications are quite numerous.

Any diseases accompanied by a rise in temperature, including respiratory diseases.
Is it possible to get the DPT vaccine if you have a runny nose and no fever? Focus on the general condition of the child. If the snot is accompanied by other symptoms - watery eyes, a rash, or a slight cough - then vaccination is postponed. If there are no other signs, the baby has a constant runny nose, and general health and appetite are good, then vaccination can be carried out.
The child has previously had seizures or convulsions not associated with a rise in temperature.
Intolerance to vaccine components, including the preservative “Merthiolate” (or other mercury-containing compounds).
A strong reaction to the previous injection of the vaccine - swelling and extensive hyperemia at the injection site, temperature above 40 ° C, systemic allergy to the DTP vaccine, neurological complications.
Immune diseases or taking immunosuppressants.

People often ask, is it possible to do DTP during teething? Yes, this does not threaten the baby in any way and does not affect the development of immunity in any way. An exception is if the baby's teething is accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this case, the vaccination is postponed until it normalizes.

How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination

Since the DPT vaccine causes a large number of post-vaccination reactions and complications, this vaccination requires careful attention on the part of parents and doctors. Here's how to prepare your child for the DPT vaccine.

By the time of vaccination, the child must be examined by all necessary specialists and not have a medical exemption from them.
The child must be healthy and have good blood test results. Do I need to get tested before getting DTP vaccination? Yes, it's necessary. The doctor must also conduct a full examination of the baby and listen to all the mother’s complaints.
If the baby has a predisposition to allergies - diathesis, rashes - a doctor's consultation is necessary. Most often, in this case, the vaccination is done against the background of the preventive administration of antihistamines (doctors often prescribe Fenistil before the DPT vaccination). The drug and dosage are selected by the doctor; you cannot prescribe medications to the baby yourself.

Preparation for DPT vaccination of parents immediately before vaccination includes the following.

The day before or on the day of vaccination, the baby should poop. If there has been no bowel movement, you should give a mild laxative, such as Duphalac.
The vaccine is given on an empty stomach. If vaccination is late, then do not feed the baby an hour before vaccination, but give diet food in the morning. Avoid new complementary foods and foods that are unfamiliar to your baby.
Do not dress your baby too warmly. If upon arrival at the clinic the child is still sweating, then undress him and sit for 15–20 minutes in the corridor, letting the baby “cool down”.
Take water with you, which can be given without restrictions. Before and immediately after vaccination, you can give your baby something to drink.

Should I give my child Suprastin before the DTP vaccination? No such drugs should be given without a doctor's prescription. Although taking them does not affect the development of immunity, according to WHO recommendations, children should not be given antihistamines before preparing for vaccinations.

Care after vaccination

How to care for your baby after DTP vaccination? These are the questions that most often concern parents.

Is it necessary to give antipyretics after DTP vaccination? Yes, doctors recommend doing this for preventive purposes, without waiting for the temperature to rise. They can be used in the form of syrup, tablets or suppositories. It is best to give your baby a candle with ibuprofen at night.
Is it possible to go for a walk after DPT vaccination? There are no restrictions on being outdoors. After visiting the vaccination office, sit in the hallway for a short time (15-20 minutes) in case you experience a severe allergic reaction. Then you can take a short walk. Walks are canceled only if a fever or other general reaction to the vaccine occurs.
When can you bathe your child after DTP vaccination? It is better to refrain from swimming on the day of vaccination. In the first days, try not to wet the injection site, but it’s okay if water gets on the wound - do not rub it with a washcloth or wash it with soap.
Is it possible to do massage after DPT vaccination? There are no direct contraindications, but usually massage therapists recommend abstaining for 2-3 days. You can either shift the course of the massage or postpone the vaccination for several days until the massage is over.

On the day of vaccination and three days after it, you need to carefully monitor the baby’s health and, if necessary, measure body temperature.

Possible reactions to the DTP vaccine

According to various sources, from 30 to 50% of children, one way or another, react to the DPT vaccine. What reactions are considered normal and how to help your child cope with them? Most of all symptoms occur in the first 24 hours after the injection, but a reaction can occur within three days. It should be noted that if symptoms appear later than three days after vaccination (fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections), then this is no longer a reaction to the DTP vaccine, but an independent infection, which, unfortunately, is easy to catch after visiting our clinics.

There are local and general reactions to DTP vaccination. Local include changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site.

A slight redness will form at the injection site after DPT vaccination. What to do? If the speck is small, then there is no need to worry. This reaction is typical to the introduction of a foreign agent. In a day or a little more, the redness will disappear.
Also, compaction after DTP vaccination is considered a normal reaction. What to do in this case? To speed up resorption, lubricate the swelling with Troxevasin gel. The lump and lump should resolve within 10–14 days. A lump at the injection site can also form if part of the vaccine was mistakenly injected into the subcutaneous tissue. In this case, the resorption of the vaccine will occur more slowly, but this will not affect the baby’s health and the formation of immunity.
The baby often feels pain at the injection site. It is expressed strongly or weakly, depending on individual sensitivity. Sometimes for this reason, after a DTP vaccination, a child limps, as it protects his sore leg. Applying ice to the injection site will help ease the baby's condition. If the pain does not go away for a long time, then consult a doctor.

General reactions include systemic manifestations, including those of an allergic nature.

A common reaction is when the temperature rises after DTP vaccination. What to do, lower the temperature or not? All doctors give clear recommendations - fever after vaccination should be brought down with the help of antipyretics. In this case, it has no benefit to the body, and it has a negative effect on the child’s well-being. If the temperature cannot be corrected with antipyretic drugs, consult a doctor.
The child is given antipyretics based on paracetamol and ibuprofen. Children should not be given aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). They give tablets, syrups or place rectal suppositories. The first dose of the medicine can be given at night for preventive purposes. Further, antipyretics are given only if the temperature is elevated. Observe the interval between giving the medicine and do not exceed the dosage indicated in the instructions. If you have already used any drug before, then use it, do not buy a new drug.
How long does the temperature last after DTP vaccination? The elevated temperature usually lasts 1–2 days. It may rise on the day of vaccination or the day after it. An increase in temperature at a later date is not typical for DTP and is usually associated with other reasons.
The rash after DTP vaccination is a temporary immune reaction and does not entail any consequences. With subsequent administration of the vaccine, such a reaction does not occur.
After DTP vaccination, diarrhea occurs - a slight short-term stool disorder. It is caused more by the stress that the baby has experienced than by the components of the vaccine.
Vomiting after DTP vaccination is also uncharacteristic and is provoked by fever or nervousness of the child. One-time vomiting does not require medical intervention, just give the child plenty of fluids.
The cough develops as a reaction to the whooping cough component and appears within 24 hours. It does not require drug therapy and goes away quickly.

Other reactions to the DTP vaccine include decreased appetite, restless behavior, nervousness, moodiness, and drowsiness.

Fever and allergic reactions develop more often in response to the second administration of the DTP vaccine, when the body is already familiar with its antigens. Therefore, how the second DTP is tolerated can be used to judge how the child will tolerate subsequent vaccinations. In case of severe reactions or allergies, DTP is replaced with lighter analogues or the introduction of the pertussis component is completely eliminated.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

In rare cases, a child develops a severe reaction to the DTP vaccine. This situation requires immediate medical attention. Take your baby to the hospital or call a pediatrician if the following signs appear:

persistent crying lasting more than three hours;
swelling at the injection site measuring more than 8 cm in diameter;
temperature above 39 °C, which is not reduced by antipyretics.

You should also consult a doctor if you experience symptoms characteristic of complications of DPT.

Complications of the DTP vaccine

Typical reactions to the DTP vaccine disappear without a trace within a few days. But complications and side effects differ in that they require treatment and can cause serious harm to the child’s health. Why is DPT vaccination dangerous in this regard?

If the drug was administered in violation of the rules of asepsis, then “dirt” - various microorganisms that will cause inflammation and suppuration in the subcutaneous tissue - may get into the wound. An abscess forms after DPT. A red, painful swelling forms on the skin, sometimes hot to the touch. In this case, surgical intervention is required - the abscess is cut, the wound is cleaned of pus and dead tissue and treated openly with antiseptic solutions, ointments and powders.
Among the side effects in children following DTP vaccination, the greatest concern is the neurological reaction characteristic of the pertussis component of the vaccine. The result is encephalopathy (impaired brain activity), shock, convulsions, twitching, and disturbances of consciousness. The direct connection of such disorders with the pertussis component has not been proven, however, such reactions are observed in one vaccine consumer out of 100 thousand. Encephalopathy, manifested by mental retardation, can also occur after suffering a severe reaction to DPT (very high fever, convulsions, shock).
Another dangerous complication is extremely rare and is called hypotension and unresponsiveness (HHE) syndrome. It develops in children under two years of age within two days after the vaccine is administered. First, a fever begins, then the child becomes lethargic and falls into a drowsy state. Breathing becomes shallow, skin becomes pale. The reaction can last for 6 hours, but almost all children return to normal, although the signs look threatening.
Systemic allergic reactions, urticaria, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock are not typical for DTP, but can occur in a small percentage of cases.

DTP analogues

The domestic DTP vaccine is given to children free of charge according to the vaccination schedule. If parents wish, paid foreign vaccines can be used instead. Their common advantage is that they do not contain mercury compounds as preservatives.

One of the analogues of DTP is the Tetrakok vaccine. It further includes inactivated polio virus. However, judging by the reviews, the drug has reactogenicity similar to DPT.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccination, imported analogues of DPT, made on the basis of an acellular pertussis component, are used.
These include:

Infanrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline;
"Infanrix IPV" (poliomyelitis added);
Infanrix Hexa (plus polio, hepatitis B and Hib);
"Pentaxim" produced by Sanofi Aventis Pasteur, France - against five diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, polio and Hib infection).

In conclusion, we can say that the DTP vaccine is one of the most serious vaccinations, often causing post-vaccination reactions. The child must be prepared for vaccination in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, and, if necessary, obtain advice from specialists. DPT vaccination is given only to healthy children, after which the baby is closely monitored for three days. If the temperature rises, antipyretics are given, and if signs of a severe reaction develop, consult a doctor.

The DPT vaccine is first given to a newborn baby when he or she reaches three months of age. The vaccine contains three active components that produce protective antibodies against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Parents always have a lot of questions about vaccinations.

Explanation of DTP vaccination and types of vaccines used

How does the abbreviation DTP stand for? This is an adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. The listed diseases for which vaccination is carried out cause significant harm to the health, especially of a small child.

Whooping cough is an infectious disease that affects the respiratory system. The patient is bothered by a severe cough, difficulty breathing, lungs become inflamed, convulsions and a rise in temperature are observed.

Diphtheria is a bacterial infection. The upper respiratory tract is affected. The larynx and trachea become inflamed, swollen, and the condition can lead to suffocation.

Tetanus is an infectious disease that can be contracted through soil or from the saliva of an animal or person. Bacteria, entering an open wound, begin their destructive effect. Damage to the nervous system occurs. The result is paralysis of the respiratory system and cardiac arrest.

Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus is included in the list of mandatory preventive vaccinations that are given to all citizens who voluntarily agree to be vaccinated.

The active ingredients of the vaccine are killed whooping cough bacteria and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. In the last two cases, the danger is not the bacteria themselves, but the toxins that are released during their life. Therefore, the vaccine includes toxoids.

Should I get vaccinated?

Before the vaccine is administered, parents must be given a form to sign an agreement. In case of refusal, only the parent is responsible for the health of the child. You need to know that even in modern society, the mortality rate from diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus is high.

If your baby is vaccinated, the risk of infection is minimal. In the event that infection could not be avoided, the immune system will fight the disease from the very first minute. The disease will pass easily, and recovery will come quickly, without complications.

The whooping cough vaccine is given in combination with active ingredients against diphtheria and tetanus. It is this that most often causes adverse reactions in a child. But, having been vaccinated according to all the rules, the body will be reliably protected for many years.

Before vaccination, you must undergo tests and visit your local pediatrician. In case of any deviations, the vaccination can be postponed for several days or even weeks.

The first vaccinations for newborns are given precisely at the moment when teeth begin to emerge. Caring mothers are interested in the question of whether it is possible to get vaccinated during teething. The pediatrician does not allow vaccinations during this period. The body is weakened, the baby is often capricious, does not eat well, so an extra load on the immune system can cause an undesirable reaction.

How many DPT vaccinations are there and when are they given?

If the scheme proposed by the Ministry of Health is followed, 4 vaccinations are given up to four years. The administration of drugs begins before the age of one, with an interval of at least a month. The first injection is carried out at 3 months, the second vaccination is carried out at 4.5 months, the second vaccination coincides with six months of age and the last one is given at 1 year and 6 months.

In some countries, vaccinations begin as early as two months. It is believed that it is at this age that antibodies received from the mother lose their ability to protect the body from diseases.

Subsequently, ADS-M vaccination is carried out. It does not have a pertussis component, since immunity against this disease after vaccination lasts about 9 years. Revaccination with ADS-M is carried out at 6–7 years and at 14 years. After this, it is enough for an adult to be vaccinated every 10 years.

If the child is weakened or belongs to a risk group, the pediatrician decides individually how many times to vaccinate. If there is a strong reaction to the previous administration of DTP, doctors decide to exclude the whooping cough vaccine from the complex.

Interval between vaccinations

In order for the DTP vaccine to take effect, it must be administered within the time intervals indicated in the calendar. The first three vaccinations are given every 30–40 days. The fourth vaccination is carried out after 12 months. The fifth is carried out after 5 years, and the sixth is carried out another 8–9 years later.

If the vaccination schedule was not disrupted in childhood, then immunity protection from diseases lasts for 10–11 years. Therefore, it is enough for adults to revaccinate once every 10 years.

DTP vaccination for adults

An adult who has received a full course of DPT vaccinations as a child or adult needs to be revaccinated with the DPT-M vaccine every 10 years. This will keep your immunity at a high level.

Vaccination against whooping cough is not given to adults, as lifelong, lasting immunity is acquired from the disease. If you become infected with whooping cough, it progresses like a simple cold.

If an adult was not vaccinated in childhood against the three diseases in question, then he should receive a series of three DPT vaccines. If you have been injured, there is a purulent wound on your body that does not heal for a long time, or you have been bitten by an animal, then the tetanus vaccination is not carried out as planned.

Vaccination schedule

The DTP vaccination regimen involves three doses of the vaccine every 30–40 days. If there are any contraindications, vaccination is allowed to be postponed from the dates indicated in the schedule. When vaccinating children over 4 years of age, it is assumed that the component against whooping cough is excluded.

Recommended periods are: 3 months, 4.5 months, 6 months and 1.5 years. Five years later, revaccination is carried out twice at 6.5 and 14 years. Then adult citizens are recommended to repeat the vaccination every 10 years.

First DTP

If there are no health problems, good test results and there are no medical reports from doctors, then at three months of age the first administration of the DPT vaccine is given. However, one introduction is not enough. Lasting immunity against diseases is formed only after four vaccinations.

Why is DPT vaccination dangerous? The vaccine is dangerous due to its local and general complications:

In the area where the injection was given, induration, redness and swelling with a diameter of more than 8–9 cm may appear.
There is a high rise in body temperature.
The occurrence of seizures cannot be ruled out (it is important to exclude damage to the central nervous system).
In rare cases, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, and urticaria may develop.

The child looks restless, cries for a long time, has a poor appetite, sleeps poorly, regurgitates frequently, and loose bowel movements.

Second DPT

The second vaccine is given in the middle of the fourth month of life. If the child’s immune system reacted with any reactions after the first vaccination, then there is a high probability that they will be repeated after each procedure.

At the site of administration of the drug against infections, a slight thickening (no more than 1 cm) may be observed, normally no more than 2-3 days. As the vaccine is absorbed into the bloodstream, the lump will dissolve. There may be allergic manifestations in the form of swelling and redness.

Third DPT

The components of the third DPT vaccine are administered when the child reaches 6 months. You also need to carefully prepare for it and then follow some recommendations.

Can a vaccinated child get whooping cough? The immune system actively begins to fight the disease after a full course of vaccination. By the time the third vaccination begins, not enough antibodies have been produced to fight the infection.

The pertussis component of the vaccine itself cannot provoke the disease, since the DPT vaccine contains only particles of killed bacteria.

Where is the vaccination given?

There are several places where DPT vaccinations are given. The suspension must be injected deep into the muscle. The best place is considered to be where the skin is thin, the fat layer is small and there is enough muscle tissue. For young children, the vaccine is usually injected into the thigh, and for older patients, into the shoulder.

If you vaccinate in the gluteal region, the drug will be more difficult and slower to be absorbed into the bloodstream. The patient may experience pain and discomfort. Swelling and inflammation occur more often.

Contraindications

The DPT vaccine is often accompanied by post-vaccination reactions. Therefore, you need to carefully prepare for it.

To identify contraindications in a timely manner, the pediatrician first examines the child’s skin, examines the oral mucosa, and listens to chest breathing. Ideally, prior testing is required to be eligible for vaccination. Only after assessing the child’s health condition, the pediatrician gives permission for vaccination.

If contraindications are not taken into account, vaccination can lead to disturbances in the development of the child:

Acute course of chronic diseases.
Poorly tolerated previous vaccination.
Presence of convulsive syndrome.
Pathologies of the nervous system.
Diabetes.
Autoimmune diseases.

Before vaccination, parents should carefully monitor the child's behavior and condition. If he ate poorly, slept poorly, or other warning symptoms appeared, it is better to reschedule the vaccination for another time. It is not advisable to vaccinate during teething.

How to prepare?

To prevent serious consequences after vaccination, you need to prepare for the procedure in advance:

Before the first vaccination is administered, the child must already be examined by all specialists; a complete picture of his health is compiled. In case of any violations, a medical withdrawal may be obtained.
Before administering a drug that protects against whooping cough, the child must be examined by a neurologist.
All analysis indicators must comply with the standards.
If the baby is prone to allergies, it is recommended to use antiallergic drugs 3-4 days before vaccination.
It is advisable to vaccinate 40–50 minutes after eating.

A psychologist's advice to parents will help them prepare for vaccination, and you can also get recommendations from him if your child is bullied in kindergarten or school.

How to behave after?

To make vaccination easier, parents should consider a number of recommendations:

After vaccination, it is recommended to sit in the clinic for another 20–25 minutes.
Regardless of the rise in temperature, doctors advise giving an antipyretic drug.
It is advisable to avoid walking for two days.
You should not bathe your child, especially if he is not feeling well.

How many days can you go swimming after DPT vaccination? As soon as all adverse reactions disappear, you can wash. Usually you have to wait a couple of days.

Reaction to the vaccine, side effects

Almost half of vaccinated children show some kind of reaction to the vaccine on the first day. Signs that appear after the third day are in no way related to the vaccine:

Redness and slight swelling may appear in the injection area. Painful sensations may appear, due to which sometimes it is painful for the child to stand on his leg and he limp.
Body temperature rises. If during a cold it helps to cope with microbes, then after the vaccine there is no benefit from it. Therefore, it is recommended to give the child an antipyretic.
Stool upset may occur.
The body may react to the anti-pertussis component with a cough that does not require treatment.
The child becomes capricious, drowsy, appetite decreases and sleep deteriorates.

Adverse reactions are more pronounced after the second vaccination, the immune system is already familiar with foreign bodies and wants to protect the body from them even more. In case of a severe allergic reaction or other acute manifestations, the pertussis component may be removed from the vaccine. It is he who provokes an acute reaction from the immune system.

You should immediately consult a specialist if the following side effects develop in children:

high-pitched crying that does not stop for a long time;
swelling and redness exceed 9 cm;
body temperature above 39 degrees, which is not reduced by medications.

Vaccination against whooping cough more often than other active ingredients of DPT leads to complications. A reaction from the nervous system, which causes disruption of brain function, is considered dangerous. Body temperature rises, convulsions are observed, and consciousness is impaired.

Vaccination of the population today is the most effective method of combating infections. One of the first preventive injections a baby receives is the measles, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. DTP vaccination helps build immunity to these extremely dangerous diseases, which often lead to death when infected.

The latest discoveries in the field of medicine and the development of potent drugs are not able to reduce the number of deaths from these infections. And for those who have coped with the disease, the risk of complications that threaten disability increases.

Decoding the abbreviation and type of drug

DPT stands for adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. This combination drug is presented by both foreign and Russian manufacturers.

In addition to the DTP and Infanrix vaccines, vaccines have been developed that combine substances to protect against other infections.

In addition to DTP, Pentaxim contains a component for infantile paralysis and hemophilic disease;
Bubo-M and Tritanrix - NV is supplemented with protection against hepatitis B;
Tetracok is designed to protect against measles, diphtheria, tetanus and polio.

The pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine is the main one in the immunoprophylaxis of these diseases. But the anti-pertussis component can cause a strong reaction. Sometimes revaccination is required only for tetanus and diphtheria. In these cases, another vaccine is used - ADS. In our country, the following drugs are used:

ADS-m – tetanus, diphtheria, for vaccination of children over 6 years of age and adults;
AS – tetanus;
BP-m – diphtheria.

Do I need to get vaccinated?

Children all over the world are vaccinated with the DPT vaccine. Some European countries have recently begun to decide to vaccinate with drugs without the pertussis component. The result of this experiment was an increase in the number of infected and fatal cases from this disease.

Is it worth getting vaccinated? There are quite a lot of opinions regarding this topic, and a lot depends on how the question is posed. Some are interested in whether vaccination is allowed within a certain period of time, some are ardent opponents of vaccinations, others are simply concerned about possible complications.

If parents decide not to vaccinate their child, no one will administer DPT. If mothers are afraid, believing that the child’s body will not tolerate the adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, then this is far from the case. The child's body copes well with it.

Refuse DTP without honey. no diversions are necessary. A preliminary visit to the pediatrician and his permission for vaccination reduce the risk of complications to a minimum. Most often, complications after DTP occur in those children whose parents neglected medical contraindications. Also, unpleasant consequences can occur due to incorrect administration of the vaccine or a spoiled drug.

How many times is the vaccine given?

The purpose of vaccination is to form in a child’s body a sufficient amount of antibodies that can resist pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus infections. To do this, you will need to use the drug four times. The vaccine is administered:

three month old baby;
4-4.5 month old baby;
six-month-old baby
one and a half year old child.

This regimen of drug administration will form the child’s immunity. Booster vaccinations carried out later maintain the required amount of antitoxins. They are usually carried out at the ages of 7 and 14 years. Those. The first DPT is given to an infant, and the last one is given to a sixth child, who is already a teenager.

Intervals between vaccinations

DTP vaccination in infants takes place in three stages. Before the age of one year, the baby receives three doses of the vaccine. It is important that the interval between vaccinations is at least 1-1.5 months. Sometimes it is necessary to postpone the vaccination due to the baby’s illness or for some other reason. If necessary, the date of administration of DTP can be delayed for quite a long time, but DTP vaccination should be given as soon as such an opportunity arises.

When is DTP contraindicated?

Vaccination is a serious medical procedure that has a number of contraindications.

Vaccination will have to be postponed if congenital diseases are in the acute stage.

The vaccine is not given if the child has an allergic reaction to the diphtheria, pertussis or tetanus component of the vaccine.

If a child has a weak immune system, vaccinating him is also prohibited. The body may simply not cope with any infectious agents.

Children with leukemia are not vaccinated until they have fully recovered, as well as pregnant women during breastfeeding.

Vaccination is not prohibited if the baby has a high temperature. An important condition for this is the absence of convulsive conditions and neuralgia. The vaccine in this case should contain only tetanus and diphtheria components.

In addition to direct contraindications, there are also false ones. This means that if a small patient or his relatives have certain diseases, vaccination is permitted only after a detailed examination of him. A gentle vaccine should be used if:

perinatal encephalopathy;
consequences of premature birth;
allergic reaction in loved ones to DTP components;
convulsive attacks in relatives.

First acquaintance with the vaccine

When a newborn reaches three months of age, he is first vaccinated against measles, diphtheria and tetanus. This age was not chosen by chance. Antibodies received by the fetus during pregnancy will only last for 2 months. If honey is available. objections to manipulation or parents' reluctance to undergo it, vaccination is allowed until the age of four. Children who have not received a full injection before the age of 4 are vaccinated with drugs without whooping cough.

The body can react to drugs very violently. To minimize unpleasant consequences, only healthy children are allowed to be vaccinated. If there is even the slightest discomfort, vaccination should be postponed. It is especially dangerous when the vaccine is given to children with thymomegaly (disorders of the thymus gland). In this situation, it is not so much the reaction that is scary, but the serious consequences and possible complications.

Any vaccine, Russian or foreign, is suitable for initial use. A reaction to vaccines from Russian manufacturers occurs in 30% of cases, while a foreign analogue is tolerated by a child without any problems.

Second vaccination

DTP is given to infants again after one to one and a half months. For vaccination, it is preferable to choose the same drug as the previous time, but if it is not available, any other vaccine will do. The World Health Organization has enshrined in its requirements permission to do this, since all DTP vaccines developed to date are considered interchangeable.

The fact that the baby tolerated the first vaccination easily does not mean that the reaction to DTP given again will be just as easy. There is no need to be afraid of this; you need to prepare in advance for possible consequences. The fact is that after the first injection, the baby’s body began to produce antibodies, which now meet infections fully armed and actively fight pathogens. The second vaccination usually causes a stronger reaction in infants.

When the baby’s reaction to the first injection was severe, it is advisable to give the next injection with a different drug. Sometimes a decision is made to use the ADS vaccine.

Third injection

It is allowed to vaccinate a child only when a sufficient amount of time has passed since the previous vaccination. The body of some children does not give a pronounced response to the first and repeated vaccinations, but this does not mean that they will tolerate the third one just as easily.

How to prepare for vaccination?

The DTP vaccine is capable of causing the most violent reactions in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare properly for vaccination. You need to start preparing your baby in advance, for this you will need:

strict daily routine;
walks;
refusal to visit friends and acquaintances.

A visit to the pediatrician should only take place when the child:

went big so as not to cause constipation;
hungry so that the intestines are not overloaded and, again, do not provoke constipation.

The baby's clothes should be made of natural fabrics, loose and comfortable, so as not to injure the injection site.

In addition, additional medicinal support for the body will be required. To prevent the effects of vaccination from affecting their well-being, the child should be given antihistamines 3 days before vaccination. And on the day when you need to inject DTP, use antipyretics.

A modern children's antipyretic drug necessarily contains paracetamol or ibuprofen. These substances are good pain relievers and help relieve the child of pain and discomfort at the injection site.

If the consequences of vaccination are severe pain, you can additionally use other analgesics. An antipyretic drug must be in my mother's medicine cabinet. It is good if there are several antipyretics: with paracetamol and ibuprofen, as well as in the form of various forms (suppositories, syrups).

Sometimes a drug with paracetamol is not suitable for a child and the fever does not stop, then another drug containing ibuprofen will be useful.

Antihistamines also help children cope with the effects of vaccinations. It can be used as an antiallergic agent for children. How to prepare the baby and how to give medications? The preparation plan for vaccination is quite simple.

Fenistil should be given 3 days before vaccination. Dr. Komarovsky strongly recommends visiting a pediatrician in advance if the child is susceptible to allergies; he may make changes to the dosage or number of doses of the drug.

Injection site

DPT refers to intramuscular drugs. Only the introduction of the vaccine into the muscle ensures its distribution at the required speed and the gradual formation of immunity. If administered subcutaneously, the vaccine will not be effective, since the drug will be absorbed very slowly. Where is DTP injected for infants?

For infants, the vaccines are injected into the thigh muscle. The choice of location is explained by the development of the muscles of the legs that are acceptable for the injection. Giving babies an injection in the gluteal muscle is very dangerous. The risk of hitting blood vessels or nerves is too great. The subcutaneous tissue does not allow this to be done either. Its amount in this place is too large, so the injection may not even reach the muscle and will become useless.

Natural reaction to DTP

After diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccination, the body reacts as follows.

The injection site becomes red and swollen, and a painful lump may form. Sometimes the area of redness reaches 10 cm in diameter. Her condition must be constantly monitored to prevent sepsis from developing. Dr. Komarovsky advises to soothe severe pain with analgesics, and also use compresses and ointments to soothe the pain.

High fever may appear within 3 days after vaccination. This is how the body tolerates the formation of antibodies. Speaking of vaccinations, Komarovsky recommends knocking them down immediately so that the temperature does not interfere with the formation of immunity.

Side effects such as cough and runny nose after DTP are also quite acceptable. Mild rhinitis is caused by the anti-pertussis component, and the snot will go away over time.

The intestines also do not always react positively to the vaccine; the vaccine sometimes causes constipation in an infant.

Serious consequences of the vaccine

Some children develop complications after vaccination. It is worth monitoring the baby more closely if he has increased excitability, or if he cries incessantly for 3 hours. Perhaps complications caused a malfunction of the central nervous system.

If the rise in temperature is not significant, and the baby is not, this is also evidence that complications have affected the central nervous system. Sometimes there is a constant appearance of convulsive syndrome when the temperature rises. Complications after central nervous system vaccination may occur differently. At the same time, not only the baby’s arms and legs shake, but you can also observe a head tremor.

Complications may include allergic reactions. The mild form causes the formation of a rash. In severe cases, diathesis or atopic dermatitis may develop.