Pigment spots on the feet. Treatment in a medical organization. Natural dye - melanin

Many people experience increased skin pigmentation. Very often brown spots appear on the legs, which can become real problem for women. What are the causes of age spots? Brown? Are they dangerous? How to treat them? Let's try to answer these questions.

Main characteristics of the pathology

The color of human skin, eyes and hair directly depends on the amount of pigment contained in the cells of the dermis. The level of this pigment is determined by external (amount of ultraviolet) and internal factors(heredity, diseases).

Types of formations

A special pigment - melanin - gives the dermis a dark brownish tint. It is its excess in its cells that provokes the appearance of pigmented areas on the skin. This process is called hyperpigmentation. It manifests itself in the form of spots that can have different sizes, color intensity, as well as localization (most often they occur dark spots on the legs, face, back, stomach, hands). The following types of brown formations are distinguished:

Reasons for development

Similar spots on the skin of the legs occur due to various reasons. Most often, they do not pose a threat to human health and life. For example, freckles, birthmarks or moles are not dangerous. Also in women, in some cases, the presence of age spots can be caused by the following factors:

Such spots often go away on their own (after childbirth) or disappear after the irritant is eliminated. Therefore they pose no danger. But some spots can be a threat to humans, since they can transform into cancer or indicate the presence of pathology in the body. Therefore, it is so important to find out the reasons why the pigmented spot appeared. There are a lot of them. Possible causes of dark spots on the legs in men and women:

When should you be wary and seek advice from an experienced doctor? If a dark spot on the leg is accompanied by pain, yellowing of the whites of the eyes, change in urine color and other symptoms, as well as its rapid increase in size and change in shape, you must urgently seek qualified help.

Treatment options

How to treat dark age spots on the legs? There are many ways to do this. But first you need to determine the reason for their appearance. If hyperpigmentation is caused by one or another pathology, then, first of all, you should treat it. You should also eliminate irritants (for example, limit sun exposure, stop wearing tight shoes, or synthetic clothing). It is possible that after eliminating the irritant, the spots will disappear on their own.

But if this does not happen, there are several ways to get rid of pigmentation. For example, modern medicine offers:

Based on them, mixtures are prepared that are applied to damaged areas. Their regular use often gives positive result – dark spots brighten and sometimes disappear completely.

The use of any method of removing skin hyperpigmentation should be supervised by a physician, since incorrect treatment can harm the patient, become a threat to his health and even life. Brown pigment spots occur due to many reasons, depending on which their danger can be predicted. In any case, it is better not to self-medicate, so as not to cause irreparable harm to your health.

The legs, like the rest of the human body, are periodically dotted with various types of spots. Some of them are associated with blood vessels, others with pigmentation skin. Brown spots on lower limbs are considered pigmented and are observed quite often. The causes and treatment of these pathologies are not always the same thing, which requires mandatory consultation with a specialist.

What are pigment spots on the legs?

The pigment melanin is responsible for the appearance of brown spots, in particular, its excess or deficiency. When, due to some provoking factors, the production of such pigment inside melanocyte cells is disrupted, then similar cosmetic defects of a dark or light shade are formed on certain parts of the skin. This pathological process is called hyperpigmentation.

When red-brown spots are observed on the lower extremities, this indicates a violation in the integrity of the vessel. In such a situation, small capillaries may rupture, unable to hold the entire volume of blood.

This also causes the formation big spot red on the surface of the leg. This phenomenon is observed in overweight patients or in patients who, due to the characteristics labor activity forced to remain in a standing position for a long time.

Such formations, mainly, are not able to go away on their own and are not only a cosmetic defect, but can also cause the formation of a hematoma under the skin - an unsafe condition leading to a failure of normal blood circulation.

Kinds

Experts distinguish 3 types of pigmentation failures:

• Leucoderma. This condition is characterized by hypopigmentation, which can occur due to a decrease in the content or complete absence of melanin.
• Melasma. This condition is characterized by the presence of hyperpigmentation of the skin, which appears in the process of increased melanin production.
• Gray-blue dyspigmentation. This condition triggered by the presence of melanin in the skin, it is deposited in the color of the dermis.

It must be remembered that not all disorders are considered independent diseases. They may indicate progression within human body any pathological process that can cause various changes in the shade of the skin, hair and eyes.

In many situations, age spots on the legs can appear due to leukoderma.

Causes

The provoking factors for the appearance of disruptions in pigmentation are caused by a considerable number of general and local processes. Their main essence is that under the influence various circumstances, develops on the skin of the lower extremities a large number of melanocytes.

Such an accumulation leads to darkening of a certain part of the dermis, which looks like a spot from the outside. As a result, the process of spot formation stops here, and the pigmentation disorder will remain unchanged for a long period of time, or its growth or lightening is noted.

TO common reasons factors that provoke the occurrence of such a cosmetic defect include the following:

• Renal and liver diseases, endocrine diseases. These pathological processes cause the production of substances that activate the formation of melanin to begin inside the human body. This affects the occurrence of pigment disorders on the skin of various parts of the body, including the legs.
• Hormonal disorders and pathological processes, regardless of gender, affect pigmentation failure.
• Influence solar rays. During this, photoaging processes begin in the skin, the manifestation of which will be the formation of hyperpigmented areas on the legs.

TO local factors that cause such a cosmetic defect on the lower extremities include:

• Violation of local blood flow, provoked by wearing tight shoes, clothes. This kind of microcirculation disorders is caused by vascular (endoarteritis, varicose veins) and heart diseases, sedentary life.
• Stopny hyperhidrosis(increased sweating of the feet) is often the cause of persistent pigment spots on the skin.
• Permanent small injuries and skin abrasions of the lower extremities.
• The influence of certain chemicals(while working in hazardous conditions).

These are the main factors causing disruptions in the pigmentation of the skin of the legs. In females, this condition is additionally caused by the use of cosmetic preparations for the care of the lower extremities, shaving and trauma to the dermis during depilation.

Symptoms

Dark spots on the legs have different intensities color, shape and location. In one situation, the affected area appears in the shape of a small dot and is located on the foot. In another, dark spots may appear on the lower leg.

Defects on the skin of the lower extremities, which are colored blue, indicate the formation of chronic venous insufficiency. IN similar situation observe the appearance of an unaesthetic wide mesh on the legs.

Diagnostics

Therapy for age spots begins with diagnosing the general condition. When a pigment spot has formed on the skin of the lower extremities, the necessary diagnostics should initially be carried out and the root cause of the appearance of such a cosmetic defect should be established, and then the treatment itself should begin.

Certain age spots must be distinguished from skin diseases, pityriasis rosea and other pathologies. To do this, a scraping is taken from the top layer of the affected area and its contents are examined under magnification.

In some cases, a general blood test, an allergic reaction test and a consultation with specialized doctors are prescribed.

Treatment

When hyperpigmentation is caused by any pathological process, then first of all it is necessary to engage in its therapy. It is necessary to remove all irritating factors (for example, limiting exposure to ultraviolet irradiation, refusal to wear tight shoes or synthetic clothing).

Probably, when the irritant is eliminated, the spots will disappear on their own. However, when this does not happen, pigmentation can be eliminated using the following methods.

Drug treatment

The technique consists of using medications, intended for internal use or lubricating the affected areas of the skin with special ointments or solutions that help lighten the spots.

Similar medications include active ingredients, whose action is aimed at:

• slowing down production by melanocytes pigments(hydroquinone);
• reduction in quantity melanin in skin cells (retin).

With constant use, the therapy will be extremely effective. In addition, they are assigned in the form additional treatment vitamin complexes for internal use in large dosages and subgroup B vitamins as injections.

To prevent pigmentation on the lower extremities from becoming a cause for concern, you should not sunbathe for a long time in the sun. If the spots have increased in size, changed shape, or appeared painful sensations, you must consult a doctor without delay.

Dermatological techniques

The most effective cosmetic techniques:

• Cryotherapy. Effective method elimination of pigmentation on the lower extremities. Apply pointwise to the affected parts of the skin. a liquid nitrogen using a spray or applicator, these areas are “frozen” and begin to peel off within 7 days.
• Medical removal laser. The rays reach the required depth. The manipulation is minimally invasive (the patient does not feel pain) and is considered one of the most effective. There are no scars left at the end. It is optimal to do 3-6 sessions.
• Peeling. Exfoliation of the skin using substances with high concentration in order to reduce the intensity of staining of age spots on the lower extremities. The manipulation is traumatic and provokes redness, but then the skin cells will recover.
• Phototherapy. Influence using special light lamps of a certain wavelength. The time of manipulation in a specific situation is determined by the doctor.

The use of any method for removing increased pigmentation of the skin must be agreed with a specialist, since improper therapy can harm the patient and threaten his health.

Consults and treats patients with skin diseases (different kinds dermatitis, fungal infections skin and nail plates, hair problems, various allergic rashes, viral diseases). Graduated from the First Moscow State University medical University them. I. M. Sechenov.

How differently people treat their bodies. For example, some kind of pigmentation of the skin on the legs was discovered, the causes of which are unknown. What to do?

Sometimes people pay offensively little attention to some formations on the skin of their feet. This is especially true for a person who wears trousers every day. You may not immediately notice that you have developed some kind of mark. When was it formed? Yesterday? Or maybe a week ago? Who knows, it will go away on its own!

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Hello my friends! Svetlana Morozova is with you. The other extreme is excessive attention to the slightest spot, when people immediately rush to cover it up (with foundation, for example, if it is in a visible place) or burn it with iodine, brilliant green, or wipe it with all sorts of means. As a result, they only worsen the condition and achieve small speck increases in size, begins to itch and hurt.

No one argues that you need to treat your body adequately, and therefore if some kind of spot has formed on your leg, it is still advisable to know the reasons for this.

Natural dye - melanin

There are two types of spots on the legs:

1. vascular
2. pigment

Vascular usually red or of blue color, and occur either due to rupture of the vessel or due to their sustained expansion.

Pigmentation is formed due to the abundant synthesis of melanin pigment. It is this pigment that determines our hair color, eye color and skin tone. But when its synthesis by melanocytes (the cells that produce it) is disrupted, it accumulates in the form of dark areas in various tissues.

The spots are not only dark, but also, on the contrary, very light, as if discolored. White spots are called vitiligo. They are painless, but due to the lack of pigment they easily get sunburned. They are caused by a complete absence of melanin. The reasons for them have not been precisely studied, but it is definitely a metabolic disorder, in particular in diabetes. The tendency to vitiligo is sometimes inherited.

What Causes Pigmentation

The reasons for seemingly harmless spots are very diverse:

1. Phlebeurysm. Blood stagnates in the lower extremities, various substances it begins to permeate the surrounding tissues. If brown or red spots appear on the legs, coupled with swelling of the legs, which intensifies towards the end of the day, this is a reason to suspect that varicose veins veins You need to see a doctor urgently, otherwise you can wait for non-healing trophic ulcers!
2. Diseases, increased fragility blood vessels(with a lack of rutin, for example), vasculitis (inflammation and destruction of the vascular wall), congestion in the lower part of the body also cause unsightly marks.
3. Diabetes. Due to poor tissue nutrition, red spots appear on the legs; over time, they undergo changes and become pigmented and brown. The mechanism of their occurrence is not precisely known.
4. Metabolic disease. A lack of A, C, PP can cause brown spots, while a lack of B vitamins, on the contrary, can cause light spots.
5. . Overweight, and sometimes tens of kilograms, increase the load on the legs and their vessels, congestion occurs, substances are effused into the surrounding tissues, and spots form in these places.
6. Pregnancy is, in fact, a combination of reasons 4 and 5: metabolic disorders caused by hormonal changes in the body expectant mother and excess weight, which overloads the vessels of the lower extremities.
7. Injuries. Pigment marks leave behind burns. They can also occur at the site of abrasions. Cuts from shaving your legs or injuries from poor-quality depilation can also trigger improper melanin synthesis. Tight clothes (tight trousers, especially if you sit in them for a long time and motionless, for example at work) impede normal blood circulation in the legs and compress the blood vessels, which again leads to congestion.
8. Long-term chronic diseases , thyroid gland, adrenal glands, kidneys can also cause infiltration of various pigments on the skin of the hands and feet, even on the face and around the eyes.

Other causes of skin pigmentation on the legs:

1. Allergy to cosmetics. When using low-quality lotions or depilatory products, a persistent allergic reaction may occur.
2. Excessive sweating in some areas almost always leads to pigmentation of the heavily sweated areas. This also includes foot hyperhidrosis - profuse sweating feet
3. Reaction to ultraviolet, x-ray and infrared radiation. With an abundance of ultraviolet radiation, so-called photoaging develops. It is expressed, first of all, by the uneven distribution of melanin in the skin.
4. Age-related changes. We have all seen grandmothers whose arms and legs are completely covered with “freckles,” which they never had in their youth. Starting at age 50, skin cells gradually lose their ability to interrupt pigment production. This does not happen to everyone in the same way; there is a hereditary predisposition.

What to do?

What to do if dark spots suddenly appear on your legs? First of all, consult a doctor. Perhaps this is just a signal.

The main thing is to treat the underlying disease

It is better to start with a therapist, who will determine which doctor you should go to next. This may be an endocrinologist, dermatologist, phlebologist or other specialists.
According to statistics, pigment “blots” occur more often in women than in men. This is understandable, because women are much more likely to experience factors that cause pigmentary disorders - from pregnancy to hair removal and wearing tight trousers.

The appearance of spots should make us wonder: what are we doing wrong? This is a reason to:

• Normalize your diet, consume enough vitamins and minerals.
• Stick to active image life, engage in healing.
• Get rid of excess weight.
• Do not use low-quality cosmetics that can cause allergies.
• Do not overuse sunbathing.
• Quit bad habits.

If, after consulting with a doctor, it turns out that the age spots that have appeared do not pose a particular danger, you can try to whiten them with folk remedies:

• make lotions from fresh cucumbers;
• lemon;
• watermelon pulp;
• strawberries;
• viburnum.

At the same time, you need to ensure that such procedures do not cause skin irritation or peeling.

While removing stains, you should not bask in the sun, as it can nullify all your efforts.

We have looked at the reasons for skin pigmentation on the legs are clear. That's all. Bye everyone!

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Spots on the legs can indicate the presence of any health problems in a person. Diseases in this case may not always affect the legs, for example, diseases internal organs often reflected on the skin.

Red spots that resemble hives and are located on a person’s legs most likely indicate an allergy. Perhaps the reason is the new cosmetic product, medicine or food product. It happens on fabric dyes or their composition. The cause must be found; special tests for allergens can be done in the hospital.

Dangerous spots on the legs

It is much more dangerous if dark spots appear on the legs. They may appear at the site of moles, in which case we may be talking about degeneration into melanoma. Sound the alarm if moles begin to darken and pain appears in the places where they are located. In any case, moles need to be kept under control.

No less dangerous are red spots that suddenly appear on the legs. These symptoms may indicate vasculitis - inflammation of the blood vessels. If you see red spots, you need to immediately go to the hospital and go through everything necessary examinations which the doctor will prescribe. You should not let the disease take its course; it will not go away on its own. An advanced disease is much more difficult to cure, especially since serious complications may occur.

Gray-brown pigment spots that appear on the legs are symptoms of diseases of the excretory or digestive systems. They also signal a problem with metabolism, a lack of vitamins and microelements. Treatment with means like baths and lotions is inappropriate here. If you get rid of the symptoms, you can miss the development of a rather serious disease.

The rarest, but no less dangerous, are yellow-pink flaky spots. These may be symptoms of pityriasis rosea. It is impossible to cure such a disease on your own, but it is very easy to worsen the situation. Healed at home pityriasis rosea It can easily develop into eczema. If pink scaly spots appear on your legs, go to a dermatologist immediately. By completing the course of treatment on time, you will fully recover.

If you often have bruises on your legs or spots that you mistake for them, you may have a disease circulatory system. Due to blood clotting disorders, lack of vitamins, and taking certain medications, blood vessels can become fragile. That is, frequent bruises are a reason to go to the doctor.

Blue spots appear on the legs due to heart or liver problems, poor diet, varicose veins veins All this weakens the walls of the blood vessels and the blood protruding from them is visible under the skin. Pay more attention to your feet, do not miss the slightest changes in the skin.

If roseola is not inflamed, it is almost impossible to detect, it is slightly paler than the surface of the body, does not peel off and does not merge with other spots. A similar form of spots is typical for patients with pityriasis versicolor, secondary syphilis, leprosy, and erythrasma.

Large vascular spots can be located on any part of the legs; they often merge with each other, their shape is irregular, and they are well defined. Such spots are called erythema. This spot is sure to be very itchy, the skin at the site of the lesion is inflamed and red. Erythema forms in patients with dermatitis, toxicerma, and eczema.

Hemorrhagic vascular spots can appear due to inflammation or without it, but they usually appear when hemorrhage occurs in the upper layers of the skin. If inflammation is present, vascular permeability increases. If there is no inflammation, vascular injury is the result of a bruise or contact with toxic substances.

Hemorrhagic spots can be of different sizes. Small spots with a diameter of up to one centimeter are called petechiae, slightly larger ones in the form of lines are linear purpuric spots, and large and round ones are called ecchymoses, while the largest ones are called hematomas. Syndromes in which hemorrhagic spots appear on the body are called purpura. Such conditions are typical for people suffering from hypovitaminosis, toxicoderma, vasculitis, as well as some infectious diseases.

If spots appear due to an increase in the lumen of blood vessels and when examining their vessels, the vessels are clearly visible, they are called telangiectasia. Such spots appear when the walls of blood vessels are paralyzed. The reason for their appearance can be either overheating or hypothermia of the skin, or physiological processes in organism ( typical for young people in puberty).

If the level of pigment in the dermis decreases or increases, dark or pale spots appear. If the pigmentation is increased, the spots will be beige to dark chocolate. Such spots are called chloasma, lentigo or freckles.

Freckles are small spots that appear on the body, including on the legs, when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This is a hereditary trait.

Lentigo- these are spots that are on the body already at birth. The shape and size of these spots are varied; lentigo is often combined with increased keratinization of the skin.

Chloasma are large dark spots that most often affect the face, but can also form on the legs. Their appearance is associated with an increase in melanin production, characteristic of diseases of the thyroid gland, liver, and adrenal glands.

Areas of skin that are completely devoid of pigment are called leucoderma or vitiligo.
Small spots without pigment are called leucoderma. True Form leukoderma appears in patients with abdominal or typhus, as well as secondary syphilis.
In addition, similar spots can appear when pink and pityriasis versicolor, psoriasis and eczema in those places where there were previously plaques.

Why do they appear?

Red spots often appear after use detergent or cream. The allergy will immediately go away after the contact of the skin and the allergen stops. Red spots may indicate the development of a rather unpleasant disease called vasculitis. Therefore, they should be addressed Special attention. The condition of the legs indicates the condition of the vessels and veins of the whole body. That is why, after consulting a dermatologist, you may well need to consult a phlebologist or vascular surgeon.

The emergence of dark brown spots may be a consequence of a lack of vitamins PP, C or A. If lighter areas of the skin appear, the body probably does not have enough B vitamins.

Pink spots on the legs covered with scales are most likely pityriasis rosea. For this disease, only general treatment body. Any treatment of the affected areas can worsen the disease. Therefore, if spots appear, you should consult a doctor.

Red spots

• dermatitis,
• allergy,
• eczema,

The most common causes are dermatitis, allergies to household chemicals, pet hair or clothing fibers.

Also very common cause is mycosis. This fungal disease which is diagnosed in a laboratory. If a fungus is suspected, an analysis is prescribed, on the basis of which therapy will be prescribed. Antifungal medications act very quickly and if the diagnosis is made correctly, the result of treatment will be noticeable within a few days.

Some types of spots, for example those caused by the development of hemangioma, can only be removed surgically. Hemangioma can appear in an adult, or it can be congenital. Is not malignant tumor, which does not pose a danger to life and health.

One of the first signs of beginning varicose veins can also be red spots on the legs. They are usually combined with heaviness or pain in the lower extremities. If observed similar symptoms, you should visit a phlebologist. Varicose veins are dangerous because if done incorrectly and untreated, it can develop into thrombophlebitis, and the legs will become covered with trophic ulcers. If you identify varicose veins at the very beginning of the process, you can slow down the development of the disease in time. If there is a possibility of varicose veins, ultrasound examination is used for diagnosis.

White spots

The causes of vitiligo are unknown; doctors believe that the disease develops due to metabolic disorders.

Provoking factors may include:

• diseases of the gonads,
• adrenal gland diseases,
• thyroid diseases,
• severe emotional shocks.

The spot itches

Itchy spots can appear with mycoses, dermatitis, varicose veins and many other diseases. If the appearance of itching and spots cannot be explained by any objective reasons, if they do not go away for a long time, or even grow, you should definitely undergo an examination.

However, sometimes the cause of itchy spots is very simple and not ominous - it could be excessive dry skin or allergies. You can cope with this problem yourself by eliminating the source of the allergy and moisturizing the skin with cosmetic lotions or milk.
You can try chamomile or string baths. However, sometimes such self-medication only leads to a deterioration in well-being.

Spots on arms and legs

Spots on a child

For a baby, the spots may not cause any discomfort, but they may itch or burn. Very often, newborn babies develop toxic erythema. Another unpleasant disease for babies is pemphigus, in which spots are observed on the stomach and thighs. Pemphigus-related disease - Ritter's disease. It has a more severe course. But the primary foci of this disease should be looked for not on the legs, but on the baby’s face.

Allergies are the most common cause of red spots on a child's body and limbs. The skin may not only turn red, but also peel. Typically, severe allergies in children are caused by food products, but it is likely that the allergens are fabrics, dyes used in toys or bedding.

If a child eats only mother's milk, the mother should completely exclude all foods from the diet for a while. probable allergens (citrus fruits, seafood and fish, eggs, chocolate, milk, red berries and fruits, and much more).

Blue spots

• a blood disorder affecting the platelet count is the most serious reason, which can cause bruising on the legs. It is necessary to detect it, for this you should take a general blood test and a coagulogram,
• the vessels are close to the surface of the skin,
• lack of certain vitamins ( vitamin C, rutin),
• diseases of the liver, heart or blood vessels,
• stress,
• unbalanced diet.

Stains after hair removal

To prevent this from happening, you must first make sure that the hair does not grow ingrown. To do this, scrubs are used, which need to be thoroughly scrubbed at least once a week. They should be washed with a massage sponge and rubbed sparingly. This procedure immediately “kills two birds with one stone”: excess layers of skin are removed and blood flow in the extremities improves. You can try using special means to reduce ingrown hairs.

To prevent red spots from appearing on your legs after epilation, you need to thoroughly sterilize the surface of your legs and the epilator before the procedure.

Spots and diabetes

Diabetic xanthoma- These are yellow spots that appear on the inner surfaces of the knees, as well as the neck, chest and face. The cause of these spots is increased cholesterol levels in the blood.

Diabetic bubble- These are blisters that appear on the feet, as well as the toes and hands. They appear suddenly, without any preliminary symptoms. Observed this symptom quite rare. The spots go away on their own in a month to a month and a half. Their size may vary.

Darier's granuloma annulare- This is a symptom more characteristic of men. Round, swollen pinkish spots appear on the legs, arms and body ( may be brighter), which increase in size, merge with each other and form patterns. The spots are raised along the edges. The spots appear periodically and do not go away for a long time. The impetus for their appearance may be the intake of sulfonamides and allergies.

Vitiligo is also common in diabetic patients.

Vascular spots can be removed with laser

The main cause of vascular spots is heredity. And the impetus for their development is liver disease, problems with blood clotting, and poor venous outflow. In many women, telangiectasias appear during pregnancy, while in others their number increases significantly during this period. In older people, the venous outflow of blood worsens, which is why vascular spots also appear.

There are also external phenomena that contribute to the appearance of vascular spots. These are injuries, ultraviolet abuse, frostbite, taking hormones or steroid drugs, irradiation or deep peeling.

35 - 40% of the planet's inhabitants have vascular spots, but more often they appear in the fair sex. This is due to the hormones estrogens, which reduce the tone of the vascular wall, helping to increase their lumen.

It is almost impossible to get rid of vascular spots on the legs with the help of medications. A few years ago this was done only with the help of electrocoagulation. But this method causes such unwanted side effects as an increase in skin pigmentation.

Today the most effective and safe method is a medical laser. The duration of the procedure is from five to fifteen minutes, it is completely harmless and comfortable for the patient. On average, it takes four to five sessions to remove stains, sometimes less.

How to remove age spots?

To remove old age spots from the skin of the legs, you should use masks made from hydrogen peroxide and badyagi. You should take dry badyagu ( it is sold at the pharmacy), as well as three percent hydrogen peroxide. Mix these two substances to the consistency of thick sour cream. Take a shower and then treat the stained areas. You should keep it for a quarter of an hour, after which your feet should be washed thoroughly. During the procedure, the sensations will not be pleasant. It can sting quite hard. This recipe should not be used by people with allergies.

Even after the mixture has already been removed, discomfort won't go away for a while. The skin will turn red. If you make a mask every day for a week, the skin at the application sites will dry out and peel off like after a sunburn. To alleviate the condition of the skin, you can treat it cosmetic oil or milk. During this period, sunbathing is strictly prohibited! Since the skin is still very tender and can burn.

Those who do not want to suffer like this should contact a cosmetologist. Pigment spots on the legs are burned out using a laser. In addition, diamond peeling is used. After stain removal, recovery takes up to 14 days. The procedure should not be postponed to the hot season. One procedure is enough to remove stains.

Which doctor should I contact for spots on my legs?

So, if the spots on the legs are of different sizes, red, pink, white, brown or yellowish color, may be very itchy, wet, have swelling and scaly skin, and there are no generalized signs of infection (fever, headache, lethargy, cough, runny nose, etc.) and pain in the depths of the tissues in the area of ​​the spots, then this indicates a skin pathology (lichen, leprosy, eczema, dermatitis, fungal skin infection, toxicoderma, psoriasis, pemphigus, etc.). In such a situation, you should contact dermatologist-venereologist (make an appointment).

If the spots on the skin are small, turning into any other formations (vesicles, crusts, pustules, etc.), and at the same time there are general symptoms infectious disease(temperature, headache, lethargy, general malaise, etc.), then you should contact infectious disease doctor (make an appointment) or therapist (make an appointment), since such a clinical picture may indicate a childhood infection (for example, measles, rubella, etc.).

If the spots on the skin of the legs are of various sizes, very swollen, itchy, possibly having the appearance of blisters, appear suddenly against the background of complete health, undergo changes over time (increase in size, turn into blisters, nodules, etc.) and are absent any other symptoms, this indicates allergic reaction, and in this case you need to contact Allergist (make an appointment).

If the spots on the legs are small, not convex, do not merge with each other, do not itch and are very pale pink in color, so that they are very difficult to notice against the background of the normal color of the skin, or white, then this may indicate syphilis. In this case, you must contact venereologist (make an appointment).

If large dark spots (chloasma) appear on the legs and other parts of the body, or, on the contrary, some areas of the skin become completely white (vitiligo, leucoderma) without pigment, then you should contact endocrinologist (make an appointment), since such spots may be a sign of malfunction various organs internal secretion(thyroid gland, adrenal glands, liver).

If a flat or raised bumpy or nodular formation appears on the leg, hot to the touch, colored various colors red - from pale pink to burgundy-bluish, and increasing in size over time, and sometimes bleeding - hemangioma is suspected. In this case, you must contact surgeon (make an appointment).

If red spots appear in combination with pain and heaviness in the legs, and possibly bulging veins, then we're talking about about varicose veins. In this case, you should contact phlebologist (make an appointment) or vascular surgeon (make an appointment).

If blue spots or bruises appear on your legs without significant apparent reason, then this indicates a pathology of the blood system (anemia, blood clotting disorder). In this case, you must contact Hematologist (make an appointment).

If there are multiple small burgundy or red spots on the legs - pinpoint hemorrhages, or the skin on the legs is covered with a sort of burgundy-purple mesh, and the person is also bothered by pain in the muscles and joints, rashes on other parts of the body, and others unclear symptoms from various authorities, then you should contact rheumatologist (make an appointment), since such a picture indicates a systemic disease connective tissue and blood vessels (vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, etc.).

If there are any on your legs spider veins or veins are very visible through the skin, as well as periodically or constantly feeling heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium, appetite is reduced, fatty food is poorly tolerated, suffers from flatulence and bloating, this may indicate liver disease. In this case, you should contact hepatologist (make an appointment) or gastroenterologist (make an appointment).

If spots on the legs appear in people suffering from diabetes mellitus, then you should contact an endocrinologist who will examine the formations and determine possible reason complications, after which, in turn, he will refer you to another specialist for consultation.

If suddenly a single, but rather large red spot appears on the leg, not increasing in size, painful in places, red at the edges and white or bluish in the center, combined with severe pain and cold feet, you should call immediately " Ambulance", since such a condition may be a sign of deep vein thrombosis, which requires urgent medical intervention to save lives.

What tests and examinations can a doctor prescribe for spots on the legs?

When spots of various sizes, red, pink, white, brown or yellowish in color appear on the legs, which may itch, become wet, have swelling and scaly skin, and there are no generalized signs of infection (fever, headache, lethargy, cough, runny nose, etc.) and pain deep in the tissues in the area of ​​the spots, then this indicates a skin pathology (lichen, leprosy, eczema, dermatitis, fungal infection skin, toxicoderma, psoriasis, pemphigus, etc.). In this case, the doctor prescribes and carries out the following tests and examinations:

• General blood test (sign up);
• General urine analysis ;
• Biochemical blood test (sign up);
• Blood test for syphilis (sign up);
• Blood test for the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood (sign up);
• Coagulogram (blood clotting) (sign up);
• Blood for the reaction of blast transformation of lymphocytes (RBTL);
• Feces on worm eggs;
• Dermoscopy (examination of spots using a magnifying glass with 20x magnification);
• Vitropression (pressure on a stain with a watch glass, staple or glass slide);
• A scraping or smear - an impression of the stains, followed by examination under a microscope;
• Bacteriological seeding of discharged stains onto the medium;
• Allergic skin tests (sign up);
• Scraping of stains and inspection of the resulting defect;
• Inspection of stains under Wood's lamp;
• Transillumination (inspection of spots in a darkened room under oblique rays of light);
• Detection of viruses in the contents of vesicles using the method PCR (sign up) or the Tzanck reaction;
• Blood culture for sterility.

When the spots on the legs are small, turning into some other formations (vesicles, crusts, pustules, etc.), and at the same time there are the same spots on other parts of the body and general symptoms of an infectious disease (fever, headache , lethargy, general malaise, etc.) – the doctor diagnoses any infection (measles, rubella, etc.) that occurs with damage to the skin and blood vessels. In this case, usually no additional special studies are prescribed, since diagnosis is carried out on the basis of characteristic symptoms. But to assess the general condition of the body, the doctor may prescribe a general blood and urine test, as well as biochemical analysis blood and blood clotting tests.

When spots on the legs have different size, are very itchy, swollen, also localized on other parts of the body, may have the appearance of blisters, appear suddenly against the background full health, change over time (increase in size, turn into blisters, nodules, etc.), and there are no other symptoms - the allergic nature of the skin lesion is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests:

• General blood analysis;
• Blood test for IgE concentration;
• Skin allergy tests by prick test or scarification;
• Analysis of hypersensitivity to various allergens by determining the concentration of specific IgE in the blood (on guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, rat, mouse, latex, orange, kiwi, mango, pineapple, banana, apple, peach, common ragweed, wormwood, white pigweed, plantain, Russian thistle, sweet spikelet, perennial rye, timothy, cultivated rye, woolly milkweed, house dust and against house dust mites);
• Reaction of basophil degranulation, blast transformation of lymphocytes, agglomeration of leukocytes (usually when toxicoderma is suspected).

When there are small, non-convex spots on the legs and, possibly, other parts of the body, not merging with each other, not itchy, colored either white or pale pink color, so that they are very difficult to notice against the background of normal skin coloring - the doctor suspects syphilis and prescribes a blood test for the presence of causative agents of this infection. In this case, the causative agent of syphilis ( treponema pallidum) is determined in the patient’s blood by several methods.

When there are large dark spots (chloasma) on the legs and other parts of the body, or, on the contrary, some areas of the skin become completely white (vitiligo, leucoderma) without pigment, this indicates a disruption in the functioning of the internal secretion organs (thyroid, adrenal glands) and liver . In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:
sign up) ;

When there is a flat or raised bumpy or nodular formation on the leg that is hot to the touch, colored in various colors of red - from pale pink to burgundy-bluish, and sometimes bleeding - a hemangioma is diagnosed. In this case, the doctor must prescribe a blood clotting test and platelet count to differentiate the disease from Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. To determine the depth of tumor germination and the degree of damage to the underlying structures, an ultrasound scan of the hemangioma is performed, and to assess the blood supply to the tumor, a angiography (sign up). However, for hemangioma, only a blood clotting test with platelet count can be prescribed, since these tests are quite sufficient to distinguish the tumor from a similar pathology, and the diagnosis itself is made based on examination. A Ultrasound (sign up) and angiography may not be prescribed.

When red spots appear on one or both legs in combination with heaviness and pain in the legs, and possibly bulging veins, a diagnosis of varicose veins is made. In principle, no tests or examinations may be prescribed, since the diagnosis is obvious based on external, visible symptoms. However, to assess blood flow in the affected vessels, the doctor may prescribe duplex angioscanning, Doppler ultrasound, or rheovasography (sign up). These examinations are necessary to assess the severity of varicose veins and predict complications.

When blue spots or bruises often form on the skin without a compelling and visible reason, a blood system disease (anemia, bleeding disorder) is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Complete blood count with platelet count and leukoformula (sign up);
• Analysis to determine platelet morphology;
• Blood test for coagulation (coagulogram);
• Puncture bone marrow(sign up) with the preparation of smears and counting of hematopoietic stem cells;
• Test for antibodies to platelets in the blood;
• Ultrasound of the spleen (sign up), liver and other organs;
• Tomography of the abdominal organs.

When multiple small burgundy or red spots appear on the legs - pinpoint hemorrhages, or the skin is covered with a sort of burgundy-violet mesh, pain in the muscles and joints, rashes on other parts of the body and various symptoms from any other organs, the doctor suspects a systemic disease of connective tissue and blood vessels (vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and prescribes the following tests:

• General blood analysis;
• Blood clotting test;
• Analysis for the number of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the blood;
• Blood chemistry;
• Rheumatoid factor in the blood (sign up);
• Determination of the amount of immunoglobulins in the blood;
• C-reactive protein;
• Antikeratin antibodies in the blood;
• Antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA-AT);
• Antibodies to histone proteins;
• Analysis for LE cells in the blood;
• Antibodies to phospholipids ( lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to cardiolipin (sign up), positive Wasserman reaction (sign up) with a confirmed absence of syphilis);
• Antibodies to coagulation factors VIII, IX and XII;
• Analysis on antinuclear factor(ANF) in the blood;
• Skin biopsy;
• Vascular ultrasound (sign up) and internal organs ( hearts (sign up), kidney (sign up), liver, etc.);
• Dopplerography of blood vessels (sign up);
• Duplex angioscanning of blood vessels;
• ECG (sign up).

When spider veins or translucent veins are visible on the legs, heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium are periodically or constantly felt, appetite is reduced, fatty foods are poorly tolerated, flatulence and bloating are tormented - liver disease is suspected, and the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis;
• The number of platelets in the blood;
• Blood test for hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses (sign up);
• Blood test for immunoglobulin levels;
• Blood clotting test (coagulogram);
• Biochemical blood test (total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, AST and ALT activity, alkaline phosphatase);
• Ultrasound of the liver;
• Tomography (computed or magnetic resonance imaging (sign up));
• Liver biopsy (to sign up).