Ultraviolet radiation is dangerous for humans. Are ultraviolet lamps for nails dangerous to health? What is a quartz lamp used for?

The sun gives life to our planet and provides a sea of ​​ultraviolet radiation for the beauty and health of humanity. It has been noted that people living in countries where there is more natural light, due to location and climate, are happier compared, for example, to northern countries, where there can be bad weather and cloudiness for many months of the year.

Quite recently, by historical standards, man began to conduct great amount time indoors, resulting in a lack of solar heat and a lack of ultraviolet rays. City dwellers rarely spend time in the fresh air, but progress does not stand still and responds to emerging difficulties with simple technical solutions.

An ultraviolet lamp is a device that emits radiation in a range invisible to the eye, between the X-ray and violet spectrum.

Ultraviolet lamp: benefits and harms

Radiation from a lamp or exposure to the sun is a necessary condition health of both humans and animals and plants, few creatures inhabiting our planet can do without this component completely.

A UV lamp, replacing natural light, promotes the production of vitamin D, the deficiency of which is known to lead to diseases such as rickets. However, vitamin D is known for another important property - it promotes the absorption of calcium by the body, and calcium, in turn, is one of the most basic elements for the functioning and growth of many human tissues and is even a protector against cancer.

Ultraviolet radiation helps get rid of pathogenic organisms, in abundance around us all, ranging from common cold pathogens to more serious “comrades”, like Koch’s bacillus. Koch's bacillus is the causative agent of tuberculosis, the breeding ground for which are places of detention, where not only ventilation is poorly organized, but where even a ray of light does not penetrate.

The beneficial effects of UV can be observed on the skin - a bactericidal and drying effect, which helps to cope with many problems faster and more effectively. skin problems. Typical examples are acne, fungi and dermatitis.

As already mentioned, ultraviolet rays lift your spirits, prevent depression, and charge you with optimism.

Don't expect immediate results. The beneficial effect is cumulative and weeks and months may pass before the first positive changes are noticeable to the eye.

Harm from ultraviolet lamps

Everything is good in moderation. If you do not abuse the use of such a lamp and follow the instructions, then there will be no problems. If the device is used ineptly, quite serious consequences can occur: burns (eyes and skin), exacerbation of heart disease. Growth can be triggered cancer cells epidermis - skin cancer. Note that prolonged sunbathing also has these side effects, therefore, the lamp itself is not harmful, the harm appears only in conjunction with the human factor.

How to use an ultraviolet lamp?

Mainly, carefully read the instructions and strictly follow its recommendations, especially carefully observing the parameters for safe use.

How to choose an ultraviolet lamp?

If the question is asked which lamp to buy, ultraviolet or quartz (as a type: home solarium), then it should be taken into account that the latter can only be used after a doctor’s permission. The choice should be based on what you need useful action, for example, for a preventive function, you should find a device emitting 280 - 410 nm.

The rest of the choice depends on quality indicators, the capabilities of the purchaser and the trust of the manufacturer’s brand.

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On Earth, the intensity of its impact, which we call ultraviolet radiation, depends on many factors. These include: the time of year, the geographical location of the area above sea level, the thickness of the ozone layer, cloudiness, as well as the level of concentration of industrial and natural impurities in the air masses.

Ultra-violet rays

Sunlight reaches us in two ranges. The human eye can only distinguish one of them. Ultraviolet rays are found in the spectrum invisible to humans. What are they? These are nothing more than electromagnetic waves. Length ultraviolet radiation is in the range from 7 to 14 nm. Such waves carry enormous flows of thermal energy to our planet, which is why they are often called thermal waves.

Ultraviolet radiation is usually understood as a broad spectrum consisting of electromagnetic waves with a range conventionally divided into high and low beams. The first of them are considered vacuum. They are completely absorbed by the upper layers of the atmosphere. Under Earth conditions, their generation is possible only in vacuum chambers.

As for near ultraviolet rays, they are divided into three subgroups, classified according to ranges into:

Long, ranging from 400 to 315 nanometers;

Medium – from 315 to 280 nanometers;

Short - from 280 to 100 nanometers.

Measuring instruments

How does a person detect ultraviolet radiation? Today, there are many special devices designed not only for professional, but also for household use. With their help, the intensity and frequency, as well as the magnitude of the received dose of UV rays are measured. The results allow us to evaluate them possible harm for the body.

Ultraviolet sources

The main “supplier” of UV rays on our planet is, of course, the Sun. However, today man has also invented artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation, which are special lamp devices. Among them:

High-pressure mercury-quartz lamp capable of operating in the general range from 100 to 400 nm;

A luminescent vital lamp that generates waves with a length of 280 to 380 nm, the maximum peak of its emission is between 310 and 320 nm;

Ozone-free and ozone bactericidal lamps that produce ultraviolet rays, 80% of which are 185 nm in length.

Benefits of UV Rays

Similar to natural ultraviolet radiation coming from the Sun, light produced by special devices affects the cells of plants and living organisms, changing their chemical structure. Today, researchers know of only a few species of bacteria that can exist without these rays. The rest of the organisms, if they find themselves in conditions where there is no ultraviolet radiation, will certainly die.

UV rays can have a significant impact on ongoing metabolic processes. They increase the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin, which has a positive effect on the functioning of the central nervous system, as well as endocrine system. Under the influence of ultraviolet light, the production of vitamin D is activated. And this main component, which promotes the absorption of calcium and prevents the development of osteoporosis and rickets.

Harm from UV rays

Harsh ultraviolet radiation, which is destructive for living organisms, is not allowed to reach the Earth by the ozone layers located in the stratosphere. However, rays in the middle range reaching the surface of our planet can cause:

Ultraviolet erythema - severe skin burn;

Cataract – clouding of the lens of the eye, which leads to blindness;

Melanoma is skin cancer.

In addition, ultraviolet rays can have a mutagenic effect and cause disruptions in the functioning of the immune system, which causes the occurrence of oncological pathologies.

Skin lesions

Ultra-violet rays sometimes they call:

1. Acute skin injuries. Their occurrence is facilitated by high doses of solar radiation containing mid-range rays. They act on the skin for a short time, causing erythema and acute photodermatosis.
2. Delayed skin damage. It occurs after prolonged exposure to long-wave UV rays. These are chronic photodermatitis, solar geroderma, skin photoaging, the occurrence of neoplasms, ultraviolet mutagenesis, basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma skin. Herpes is also on this list.

Both acute and delayed injuries are sometimes caused by excessive hobbies artificial sunbathing, as well as when visiting those solariums that use uncertified equipment or where UV lamp calibration measures are not carried out.

Skin protection

The human body, with a limited amount of any sunbathing, is able to cope with ultraviolet radiation on its own. The fact is that over 20% of such rays can be blocked by healthy epidermis. Today, UV protection to avoid the occurrence of malignant tumors, will require:

Limiting time spent in the sun, which is especially important during summer afternoons;

Wearing light, but at the same time closed clothing;

Selection of effective sunscreens.

Using the bactericidal properties of ultraviolet light

UV rays can kill fungus, as well as other microbes that are found on objects, wall surfaces, floors, ceilings and in the air. These bactericidal properties of ultraviolet radiation are widely used in medicine, and they are used accordingly. Special lamps that produce UV rays ensure the sterility of surgical and manipulation rooms. However, ultraviolet bactericidal radiation is used by doctors not only to combat various nosocomial infections, but also as one of the methods for eliminating many diseases.

Phototherapy

The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine is one of the methods of getting rid of various diseases. During this treatment, a dosed effect of UV rays is applied to the patient’s body. At the same time, the use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine for these purposes becomes possible thanks to the use of special phototherapy lamps.

A similar procedure is carried out to eliminate diseases of the skin, joints, respiratory organs, peripheral nervous system, and female genital organs. Ultraviolet light is prescribed to speed up the healing process of wounds and to prevent rickets.

The use of ultraviolet radiation is especially effective in the treatment of psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, some types of dermatitis, prurigo, porphyria, and pruritis. It is worth noting that this procedure does not require anesthesia and does not cause any discomfort in the patient.

The use of an ultraviolet-producing lamp allows you to obtain good result in the treatment of patients who have undergone severe purulent operations. In this case, it also helps patients bactericidal property these waves.

The use of UV rays in cosmetology

Infrared waves are also actively used in the field of maintaining human beauty and health. Thus, the use of ultraviolet bactericidal radiation is necessary to ensure the sterility of various rooms and devices. For example, this could be the prevention of infection of manicure instruments.

The use of ultraviolet radiation in cosmetology is, of course, a solarium. In it, with the help of special lamps, clients can get a tan. It perfectly protects the skin from possible subsequent sunburns. That is why cosmetologists recommend undergoing several sessions in a solarium before traveling to hot countries or the sea.

Special UV lamps are also necessary in cosmetology. Thanks to them, rapid polymerization of the special gel used for manicure occurs.

Determination of electronic structures of objects

Ultraviolet radiation also finds its use in physical research. With its help, reflection, absorption and emission spectra in the UV region are determined. This makes it possible to clarify the electronic structure of ions, atoms, molecules and solids.

The UV spectra of stars, the Sun and other planets carry information about the physical processes that occur in the hot regions of the space objects under study.

Water purification

Where else are UV rays used? Ultraviolet bactericidal radiation is used for disinfection drinking water. And if chlorine was previously used for this purpose, today its negative effect on the body has been studied quite well. So, the vapors of this substance can cause poisoning. The entry of chlorine into the body provokes the occurrence of cancer. That is why they are increasingly used to disinfect water in private homes. ultraviolet lamps.

UV rays are also used in swimming pools. Ultraviolet emitters are used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries to eliminate bacteria. These areas also need clean water.

Air disinfection

Where else do people use UV rays? The use of ultraviolet radiation for air disinfection is also becoming increasingly common in Lately. Recirculators and emitters are installed in crowded places, such as supermarkets, airports and train stations. The use of ultraviolet radiation, which affects microorganisms, allows disinfection of their habitat to the highest degree, up to 99.9%.

Household use

Quartz lamps that create UV rays have been disinfecting and purifying the air in clinics and hospitals for many years. However, recently, ultraviolet radiation is increasingly being used in everyday life. It is highly effective in eliminating organic contaminants such as mildew, viruses, yeast and bacteria. These microorganisms spread especially quickly in those rooms where people, for various reasons, tightly close windows and doors for a long time.

Using a bactericidal irradiator in living conditions becomes appropriate for small living areas and big family, in which there are small children and pets. A UV lamp will allow you to periodically disinfect rooms, minimizing the risk of the occurrence and further transmission of diseases.

Similar devices are also used by tuberculosis patients. After all, such patients do not always undergo treatment in a hospital. While at home, they need to disinfect their home, including using ultraviolet radiation.

Application in forensics

Scientists have developed a technology that allows them to detect minimal doses of explosives. For this purpose, a device is used that produces ultraviolet radiation. Such a device is capable of detecting the presence of dangerous elements in the air and water, on fabric, as well as on the skin of a crime suspect.

Ultraviolet and infrared radiation is also used for macro photography of objects with invisible and barely visible traces of a crime. This allows forensic scientists to study documents and traces of a shot, texts that have undergone changes as a result of being covered in blood, ink, etc.

Other uses of UV rays

Ultraviolet radiation is used:

In show business to create lighting effects and lighting;

In currency detectors;

In printing;

In livestock and agriculture;

For catching insects;

In restoration;

For chromatographic analysis.

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Harm and benefits of ultraviolet radiation

The benefit of ultraviolet rays is that they have an immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, restorative effect, and can relieve many diseases.

Most known benefit from ultraviolet radiation – supplying the body with vitamin D. It is necessary for the formation bone tissue. Flaw of this vitamin in adults it threatens the occurrence of osteoporosis, in children - rickets. Vitamin D, obtained from ultraviolet radiation, does not accumulate in the body, which means its overdose is excluded, which cannot be said about an artificially created drug.

In addition, vitamin D can perform many other beneficial functions. It prevents the development of breast, prostate and rectal cancer. The presence of this vitamin in blood cells stops the growth of malignant tumors and promotes their self-destruction. This is why people living in sunny areas are much less likely to suffer from such ailments.

Ultraviolet rays have a positive effect on immune system person. Under their influence, the amount of antibodies in the blood increases, which increases the body's resistance to viruses and infections.

Small doses of ultraviolet light can protect the skin from subsequent intense exposure to sunlight. Thus, visiting a solarium is useful for those who plan to vacation in hot areas or work outdoors. Melanin formed in the skin is able to absorb large doses of radiation without destroying nearby cells.

But, in addition to its benefits, ultraviolet radiation is fraught with considerable danger. Everyone knows sunburn is the result of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays. Frequent sunburn increases the risk of skin cancer.

With excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, eye damage can occur, such as a burn to the eyelid, cornea, and retina. Such injuries are quite dangerous; they can lead to both temporary loss of vision and complete blindness.

Frequent and long stay under straight lines sun rays provides premature aging skin, and this is a completely reliable fact. Therefore, people relaxing in nature or sunbathing in a solarium must use cosmetics that protect their skin from ultraviolet rays.

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The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the human body: benefits and harms

The influence of sun light on a person is difficult to overestimate - under its influence, the most important physiological and biochemical processes are launched in the body. The solar spectrum is divided into infrared and visible parts, as well as the most biologically active ultraviolet part, which has big influence to all living organisms on our planet. Ultraviolet radiation is a short-wave part of the solar spectrum that is not perceived by the human eye and has an electromagnetic nature and photochemical activity.

Due to its properties, ultraviolet light is successfully used in various areas human life. UV radiation is widely used in medicine because it can change the chemical structure of cells and tissues, having different effects on humans.

Ultraviolet wavelength range

The main source of UV radiation is the sun. The share of ultraviolet radiation in the total flux sunlight fickle. It depends on:

• time of day;
• season;
• solar activity;
• geographical latitude;
• state of the atmosphere.

Despite the fact that the celestial body is far from us and its activity is not always the same, a sufficient amount of ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth's surface. But this is only its small long-wavelength part. Short waves are absorbed by the atmosphere at a distance of about 50 km from the surface of our planet.

The ultraviolet range of the spectrum, which reaches the earth's surface, is conventionally divided by wavelength into:

• far (400 – 315 nm) – UV – A rays;
• medium (315 – 280 nm) – UV – B rays;
• near (280 – 100 nm) – UV – C rays.

The effect of each UV range on human body varies: the shorter the wavelength, the deeper it penetrates through the skin. This law determines the positive or negative effects of ultraviolet radiation on the human body.

Near-range UV radiation has the most adverse effect on health and poses a threat of serious illnesses.

UV-C rays should be scattered in the ozone layer, but due to poor ecology they reach the surface of the earth. Ultraviolet rays of the A and B ranges are less dangerous; with strict dosage, far- and mid-range radiation has a beneficial effect on the human body.

Artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation

The most significant sources of UV waves affecting the human body are:

• bactericidal lamps - sources of UV - C waves, used to disinfect water, air or other objects external environment;
• industrial welding arc – sources of all waves in the range of the solar spectrum;
• erythemal fluorescent lamps - sources of UV waves in the A and B ranges, used for therapeutic purposes and in solariums;
• industrial lamps are powerful sources of ultraviolet waves used in manufacturing processes to cure paints, inks, or cure polymers.

The characteristics of any UV lamp are its radiation power, wavelength range, type of glass, and service life. These parameters determine how useful or harmful the lamp will be to humans.

Before irradiation with ultraviolet waves from artificial sources for the treatment or prevention of diseases, you should consult with a specialist to select the necessary and sufficient erythema dose, which is individual for each person, taking into account his skin type, age, and existing diseases.

It should be understood that ultraviolet is electromagnetic radiation, which not only has a positive effect on the human body.

A germicidal ultraviolet lamp used for tanning will cause significant harm rather than benefit to the body. Only a professional who is well versed in all the nuances of such devices should use artificial sources of UV radiation.

Positive effects of UV radiation on the human body

Ultraviolet radiation is widely used in the field of modern medicine. And this is not surprising, because UV rays produce analgesic, sedative, antirachitic and antispastic effects. Under their influence occurs:

• formation of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of calcium, development and strengthening of bone tissue;
• decreased excitability nerve endings;
• increased metabolism, as it causes activation of enzymes;
• dilation of blood vessels and improvement of blood circulation;
• stimulating the production of endorphins - “hormones of happiness”;
• increasing the speed of regenerative processes.

The beneficial effect of ultraviolet waves on the human body is also expressed in a change in its immunobiological reactivity - the body’s ability to express protective functions against pathogens of various diseases. Strictly dosed ultraviolet irradiation stimulates the production of antibodies, thereby increasing the human body's resistance to infections.

Exposure of the skin to UV rays causes a reaction called erythema (redness). Vasodilation occurs, expressed by hyperemia and swelling. The breakdown products formed in the skin (histamine and vitamin D) enter the blood, which causes general changes in the body when irradiated with UV waves.

The degree of development of erythema depends on:

• ultraviolet dose values;
• range of ultraviolet rays;
• individual sensitivity.

With excessive UV irradiation, the affected area of ​​the skin is very painful and swollen, a burn occurs with the appearance of a blister and further convergence of the epithelium.

But skin burns are far from the most serious consequences of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation on humans. Unwise use of UV rays causes pathological changes in organism.

Negative effects of UV radiation on humans

Despite its important role in medicine, the harm of ultraviolet radiation on health outweighs the benefits. Most people are not able to accurately control the therapeutic dose of ultraviolet radiation and resort to protection methods in a timely manner, so an overdose often occurs, which causes the following phenomena:

• headaches appear;
• body temperature rises;
• fast fatiguability, apathy;
• memory impairment;
• cardiopalmus;
• decreased appetite and nausea.

Excessive tanning affects the skin, eyes and immune (defense) system. The tangible and visible consequences of excessive UV irradiation (burns of the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, dermatitis and allergic reactions) disappear within a few days. Ultraviolet radiation accumulates over a long period of time and causes very serious diseases.

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin

A beautiful, even tan is the dream of every person, especially the fairer sex. But it should be understood that skin cells darken under the influence of the coloring pigment released in them - melanin in order to protect against further ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, tanning is a protective reaction of our skin to damage to its cells by ultraviolet rays. But it does not protect the skin from the more serious effects of UV radiation:

1. Photosensitivity – increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Even a small dose of it causes strong burning sensation, itching and sunburn skin. This is often associated with the use medications or use cosmetics or some food products.
2. Photoaging. UV rays of spectrum A penetrate into the deep layers of the skin, damaging the structure connective tissue, which leads to collagen destruction, loss of elasticity, and early wrinkles.
3. Melanoma is skin cancer. The disease develops after frequent and prolonged exposure to the sun. Under the influence of an excessive dose of ultraviolet radiation, malignant formations appear on the skin or old moles degenerate into cancerous tumor.
4. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma are non-melanoma skin cancers that do not lead to fatal outcome, but requires removal of the affected areas surgically. It has been noticed that the disease occurs much more often in people who work in the open sun for a long time.

Any dermatitis or phenomena of skin sensitization under the influence of ultraviolet radiation are provoking factors for the development of skin cancer.

Effect of UV waves on the eyes

Ultraviolet rays, depending on the depth of penetration, can also negatively affect the condition of a person’s eyes:

1. Photoophthalmia and electroophthalmia. Expressed in redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the eyes, lacrimation, photophobia. Occurs when safety rules are not followed when working with welding equipment or in people who are in bright sunlight in a snow-covered area (snow blindness).
2. Growth of the conjunctiva of the eye (pterygium).
3. Cataract (clouding of the lens of the eye) is a disease that occurs in varying degrees in the vast majority of people towards old age. Its development is associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the eyes, which accumulates throughout life.

Excess UV rays can lead to various forms cancer diseases eye and eyelid.

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the immune system

If dosed use of UV radiation helps to increase protective forces body, then excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation suppresses the immune system. This was proven in scientific research US scientists on the herpes virus. Ultraviolet radiation changes the activity of cells responsible for immunity in the body; they cannot restrain the proliferation of viruses or bacteria, cancer cells.

Basic safety precautions and protection against exposure to ultraviolet radiation

To avoid the negative effects of UV rays on the skin, eyes and health, every person needs protection from ultraviolet radiation. If you are forced to spend a long time in the sun or in a workplace exposed to high doses of ultraviolet rays, you must find out whether the UV radiation index is normal. In enterprises, a device called a radiometer is used for this.

When calculating the index at meteorological stations, the following are taken into account:

• ultraviolet wavelength;
• ozone layer concentration;
• solar activity and other indicators.

The UV index is an indicator of the potential risk to the human body as a result of the influence of ultraviolet radiation on it. The index value is assessed on a scale from 1 to 11+. The norm for the UV index is considered to be no more than 2 units.

At high index values ​​(6 – 11+), the risk increases adverse effects on human eyes and skin, so protective measures must be taken.

1. Use Sunglasses(special masks for welders).
2. In the open sun, you should definitely wear a hat (at very high index– wide-brimmed hat).
3. Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs.
4. Apply sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 30 to areas of the body not covered by clothing.
5. Avoid being in an open space not protected from direct sunlight from noon to 4 p.m.

Following simple safety rules will reduce the harmfulness of UV radiation for humans and avoid the occurrence of diseases associated with the adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation on the body.

For whom ultraviolet irradiation is contraindicated?

The following categories of people should be careful with exposure to ultraviolet radiation:

• with very light and sensitive skin and albinos;
• children and teenagers;
• those who have a lot birthmarks or nevi;
• suffering from systemic or gynecological diseases;
• those who have had skin cancer among their close relatives;
• taking certain medications for a long time (consult a doctor).

UV radiation is contraindicated for such people even in small doses; the degree of protection from sunlight should be maximum.

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the human body and its health cannot be clearly called positive or negative. There are too many factors to consider when it affects a person in different conditions external environment and radiation from various sources. The main thing is to remember the rule: any exposure to ultraviolet radiation on a person should be minimal before consultation with a specialist and strictly dosed according to the doctor’s recommendations after examination and examination.

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The benefits and harms of ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet rays can greatly harm human health. However, their moderate exposure may even bring some benefit.

It's no secret that large quantities of ultraviolet rays can cause irreparable harm to the human body. However, for this, their effect must be long-lasting and intense. If you stay under them correctly, on the contrary, you can get benefits. We'll look at both.

Let's start with the fact that nowadays we have the opportunity to experience the effects of ultraviolet radiation not only on the street - many girls go to the solarium for a dose of these rays. Naturally, the purpose of their campaign is the pursuit of beauty - getting a tan, and even radiation. Only, after all, tanning is achieved through radiation, and since it occurs very intensely in a solarium, the harm can be considerable if used incorrectly.

Let's consider what danger ultraviolet radiation poses:

• it leads to depletion of the protective layer of the skin and, thus, to the development of benign (moles, warts, papillomas) and malignant (melanoma, sarcoma) formations - malignant ones can lead to cancer;
• visual acuity deteriorates as the retina is damaged;
• prolonged exposure to rays helps to reduce the immunity of the entire body - in addition to a general loss of strength, irritability appears.

And if with benign formations While something on the skin can be dealt with - for example, removing a mole, malignant ones can cause much greater and irreparable harm to the body. People who already have some kind of education, as well as those with light skin that is prone to burns, are especially susceptible to their occurrence.

Therefore, prolonged exposure to the sun or solarium should be avoided. Also, do not forget that being in direct sunlight requires protecting your scalp - be sure to wear a hat or Panama hat. And, of course, the skin must be protected as much as possible - use good means aimed at protecting against the penetration of ultraviolet rays.

Undoubtedly, ultraviolet light also has its advantages. They can only express themselves under the condition of a short, strictly limited stay under them. Let's list positive sides:

• skin disinfection occurs;
• Vitamin D is intensively produced, which is involved in the formation of calcium, necessary for bone tissue, and has a positive effect on our mood;
• blood vessels are strengthened;
• the functioning of the nervous system is normalized.

Thus, we can conclude that the benefits of ultraviolet radiation can only manifest themselves if certain rules being under it and strict time restrictions. If you overdo it a little, the effect immediately becomes only negative.

The sun is a powerful source of heat and light. Without this heavenly body it is impossible to imagine life on Earth. The sun's rays emit ultraviolet rays that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Ultraviolet has many positive and negative properties for the human body. What does ultraviolet radiation mean, the properties of which are considered beneficial to all living beings on earth?

The sun is capable of emitting 2 groups of rays (see): some are clearly visible to the human eye, others are not visible at all. Infrared and ultraviolet radiation are considered invisible. Infrared light called the flow of an electromagnetic wave, the length of which ranges from 7 to 14 nm. These rays emit a powerful charge of thermal energy, for which they are called thermal (see). So what is ultraviolet radiation? UV rays form a group of electromagnetic waves, their range is divided into near and far. The far beam is called a vacuum beam and is completely dissolved in the upper layer of the atmosphere.

Ultraviolet sources

Only near UV rays reach the ground; they are divided into 3 groups:

1. Long UV-A, their length is 400-315 nm.
2. Medium UV-B, having a length of 315-280 nm.
3. Short UV-C, length approximately 280-100 nm.

Which scientist discovered ultraviolet radiation to the world? For the first time, an Indian philosopher who lived in the 13th century spoke about rays. He wrote in his teaching about a violet light that could not be seen to an ordinary person. When infrared radiation was discovered, German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter conducted experiments with silver chloride in 1801 and discovered that the substance decomposes quite quickly using radiation invisible to the eye.

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Nowadays, various instruments are used that help measure the frequency, magnitude, and intensity of ultraviolet radiation. Thanks to these special devices, used for domestic and professional purposes, it is possible to identify the harm of rays to the human body. The main sources of ultraviolet radiation are considered to be:

• bactericidal lamps (ozone and non-ozone types). The beam length of such a lamp is 185 nm (see);
• mercury-quartz, the emission range of which ranges from 100 to 400 nm;
• vital, having a luminescent type. The wavelength of such a lamp is 280-380 nm.

The sun's rays can influence all life on the planet, changing the structure of the cell of a living creature. Artificial ultraviolet light, just like the sun, can affect cells. However, in nature there are varieties of microorganisms on which the action of waves does not cause any changes; these living beings can easily exist without ultraviolet radiation. For others, life without UV radiation is impossible. But is ultraviolet radiation considered harmful to humans?

Effect on the human body

How does ultraviolet radiation affect the human body? Especially harmful look UV radiation is considered short-wave radiation, since it has a detrimental effect on the protein molecule of a living organism. The ozone layers of the atmosphere do not allow these rays to reach the surface of the earth, as they trap and absorb short-wave ultraviolet radiation. Basically, only long (UV-A) and medium (UV-B) waves reach the earth.

Long ones can penetrate into the deep layers of the skin and cause some negative consequences. Medium waves penetrate the epidermis only a few millimeters, but due to this they are the most useful for the treatment of many diseases. It is this average ultraviolet irradiation that has a beneficial effect on the organs and systems of the human body (treats diseases of the skin, eyes, stabilizes the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems).

It is important to correctly use artificial ultraviolet sources, for example, bactericidal lamps, instead of being beneficial, will cause great harm to the human body if used to tan the skin. In another case, when it is necessary to treat a certain area of ​​something from harmful microorganisms, they will come in handy. The use of artificial ultraviolet devices should only be performed by professionals who are able to competently understand all the intricacies of the operation of UV radiation devices.

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What is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the human body? Rays have been successfully used in modern medicine, as they can have calming, antispastic and analgesic properties. UV irradiation affects:

• production of vitamin D, which is simply necessary for the human body. It allows you to properly absorb calcium, form and strengthen the skeleton;
• improvement metabolic processes in organism;
• stimulation and production of endorphins or happiness hormones;
• the ability to reduce the excitability of nerve endings;
• blood circulation and dilation of blood vessels;
• restorative function of the whole organism.

Important! With the correct dosage of ultraviolet waves, the body is able to produce protective antibodies that prevent the penetration and reproduction of pathogens of various infections.

Negative effects of radiation

In addition to its beneficial properties, ultraviolet radiation can cause negative effects on the human body. The most common type of such consequences is erythema. With excessive exposure to rays, the skin becomes hyperemic, the blood vessels dilate, and the affected area of ​​the skin swells. Next, a burn of the epidermis layer may occur with the formation of a bubble. Once the blister bursts, the top layer of skin peels off, leaving a very sensitive area underneath.

After excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, a person may experience the following symptoms:

• apathy;
• loss of consciousness;
• increased body temperature;
• nausea, lack of appetite;
• increased heart rate.

Attention! The severity of symptoms directly depends on the dose of ultraviolet radiation, the frequency of radiation, and the individual sensitivity of the body.

Ultraviolet radiation has an effect on the skin when it is highly susceptible to rays. Any, even insignificant dose of radiation can cause burns, redness or an allergic reaction to the skin. Persistent excessive tanning turns into early aging skin. The epidermis quickly loses the necessary moisture and elasticity.

Prolonged exposure to UV radiation threatens the development of melanoma. This is a cancerous growth that can appear from moles. Also, those individuals who spend a lot of time in the sun may develop carcinoma (squamous or basal cell). This carcinoma does not cause fatal outcome, but it will have to be removed surgically.

Ultraviolet radiation has a negative effect on the organs of vision. People who work with welding machines and do not follow safety precautions can get inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, photophobia, and lacrimation.

The same fate awaits those who winter time spends a lot of time outside during the year. Due to the fact that snow is able to reflect ultraviolet rays, a disease called “snow blindness” develops. Besides negative influence on the eyes, there is a risk of acquiring conjunctival growth and the development of cataracts (the lens of the eye becomes cloudy).

How to protect yourself from ultraviolet radiation

Compliance with certain rules will allow you to use UV irradiation wisely, without causing harm to the human body. Eye protection is essential sunglasses from ultraviolet radiation, only glass must be of high quality and reflect UV, in otherwise the effect will be the opposite. Skin covering must be protected with clothing.

Ultraviolet lamps used in decoration

In addition to the usual wall painting, we also carry out work with fluorescent paints. Such paints glow under ultraviolet lamps (black light lamps), which allows you to create a rather unusual atmosphere. Our customers are often interested in the health safety of these lamps.
Let's try to understand this issue.

Ultraviolet radiation (ultraviolet rays, UV radiation) is electromagnetic radiation occupying the spectral range between visible and x-ray radiation. UV wavelengths range from 10 to 400 nm.
There are several types of UV radiation, differing in their effects on humans:

• Ultraviolet A, long wave - 400-315 nm
• Ultraviolet B, mid-wave - 315-280 nm
• Ultraviolet C, short wave - 280-100 nm

The shorter the wavelength, the more energy the radiation has and the deeper it penetrates through the tissues of the body - so type C radiation is the most dangerous for us, and type A radiation is less dangerous.

The natural source of ultraviolet radiation is our Sun. It emits in all ranges, but thanks to the atmosphere of our planet, and in particular the ozone layer, only type A radiation reaches us and small part type B radiation. It is solar ultraviolet radiation that causes tanning on our body and promotes the production of vitamin D by the skin.

Exist different types ultraviolet lamps:

• UV lamps (black light lamps) used in decoration, as well as lamps used in currency detectors, produce only type A radiation with a wavelength around 370 nm. This is a fairly safe light and being under such a lamp is less harmful to the skin and eyes than being under the sun in clear weather. And when there is a lack of sunlight, for example in winter, being under such a lamp is even useful, as it promotes the production of vitamin D and some hormones that improve mood. Although you shouldn’t abuse it either. Also, do not look at the lamp itself for a long time at close range.
• UV lamps used in solariums produce radiation of types A and B, close to solar ultraviolet radiation, and due to their power and quantity, stay in a solarium is limited to a few minutes with mandatory eye protection with special glasses.
• There are also quartz and bactericidal lamps used in medicine to disinfect premises. Germicidal lamps - radiation type B, quartz lamps - hard radiation type C. Under no circumstances should you be under such lamps, even for a short time.

Looking at a black light lamp we see only a faint purple glow, although for insects such lamps glow very brightly. This is explained by the fact that our eyes, unlike the eyes of insects, have a filter that does not allow UV type A radiation to reach the retina. This serves to protect the eyes, since without this filter our vision would deteriorate by the age of 20.

So let's summarize:
The black light UV lamps used in decoration are quite safe. You can safely spend several hours a day under such a lamp. In winter, with short sunny day turning on a UV lamp for 30-60 minutes a day (depending on the power of the lamp) is even good for health. Lamps come in both fluorescent and LED. The lamp power is selected at the rate of 1-2 watts per square meter.

The fashion of visiting a solarium arose not so long ago. A beautiful tan has become an indispensable attribute of success, which has led to the creation of devices that replace the effect of sunlight, namely ultraviolet rays, on the body. To this day, debate continues about whether solarium is harmful.

You can also sunbathe under the sun, especially since we receive our dose of ultraviolet rays every day. Of course, in countries that are closer to the poles it is less, but does the body really need ultraviolet radiation? Let's figure out whether it's worth sunbathing, and even more so, is it harmless to get a tan in a solarium, artificially?

How ultraviolet rays affect the body

Ultraviolet rays are different lengths and therefore they are divided into three groups: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Unlike infrared radiation, ultraviolet can change chemical processes.

UV-C is the most active in this regard. It is these rays, acting on oxygen, that destroy it into atoms, which leads to the formation of ozone, which actively absorbs them, therefore reaching the surface globe, they most often do not arrive. Of course, if you do not take into account the formation of ozone holes, which sharply increases the level of radiation.

UV-B is also largely absorbed by ozone, with only a small portion typically reaching the ground. But it is this spectrum that actively affects the body, and while UV-C coagulates the body’s proteins, UV-B can simulate metabolic processes and increase immunity if its doses are low. Irradiation in large quantities can lead to cell mutation. Ultraviolet rays of group B can affect the body both positively and negatively.

UV-A rays do not penetrate deep into the skin, but they oxidize the melanin pigment found in epithelial cells, which causes darkening or tanning. The color of a tan also depends on the amount of melanin in the surface layer - the less it is, the more difficult it is to tan. Therefore, some people cannot tan, their skin turns red, inflamed, and sometimes becomes covered with small age spots, which are formed in places with a high content of melanin.

By the way, the activity of the melanocytes that produce it increases under the influence of UV-B rays, and at the same time the development cancer melanomas have also been associated with them. So can a solarium, whose lamps create artificial ultraviolet rays, be safe? What is more harmful than the sun or a solarium?

What is a solarium

A solarium is a device with lamps that generate ultraviolet rays. According to manufacturers, special filters completely exclude UV-C rays, and UV-A and UV-B are in the optimal ratio. The only thing is that this ratio is individual for people of different skin types, and those who are chasing profit and installing lamps with a high content of UV-B rays do not think about the danger to the client.

Another problem is that the lamps have an expiration date; after working for 600–800 hours, they will not be able to provide a normal tan. Therefore, it is important that they are changed conscientiously and on time. And in the first 50–100 hours of their operation, they warned the client that the duration of stay in the solarium should be reduced, since the new lamps emit more efficiently and the rate of irradiation increases.

Now there are many different solariums, horizontal and vertical, with increased comfort (aromatherapy), but, most importantly, safety. What does a solarium give us, benefit or harm?

Benefits of ultraviolet rays

To find out whether there are benefits from visiting a solarium, you need to understand how ultraviolet rays affect a person.

Ultraviolet ray therapy is often used to prevent various diseases, increase immunity, and for diseases of the nervous system, skin, bones and joints. But all this manifests itself only when exposed to ultraviolet rays in a small dose, and it must be done under the supervision of a doctor. And if you exceed the dose, trying to get a tan faster, the effect can be disastrous.

Harm from ultraviolet rays

How harmful is a solarium? Ultraviolet rays affect chemical processes in the tissues of the body and with prolonged intense irradiation this can cause:

The number of malignant skin diseases is growing every year, and it is not without reason that scientists and doctors are trying to convey to the population that excessive exposure to UV rays is dangerous. Many people, without thinking about it, still try to tan using a solarium.

The fact is that skin cancer does not always occur immediately; ultraviolet rays activate cell mitosis and in some cases damage DNA, and these damaged cells can lie dormant for a long time, and under certain conditions begin to multiply, causing the development of cancer.

Many tumors have the same development, for example, 40% of patients with brain cancer noted irradiation of the head 10–15 years ago before the disease. Is it worth risking your health by artificially irradiating your skin? The risk of skin cancer among those who regularly visit a solarium increases by 75% with age, studies show.

Contraindications to visiting a solarium

There are groups of people for whom visiting a solarium is contraindicated, these include:

It is not recommended to visit a solarium for those in whom an overdose of ultraviolet rays can cause so-called sun poisoning. It is characterized by redness, burning of the skin, blistering, itching, and hives. There are also symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fever and even loss of consciousness.

There are also other restrictions for visiting a solarium, for example, taking certain medicines, these include antibiotics, antifungals, some heart medications and many others. Before going for the procedure, read the instructions for the medicine you are taking; it may indicate that the drug causes photosensitization of the body. The same effect can be had decorative cosmetics and skin care products.

When asked whether solarium is harmful to the skin, you can immediately answer that it is harmful, because UV-B rays, penetrate deep into the dermis, causing changes in the collagen fibers of its deep layers, and this leads to a decrease in skin tone and wrinkles. Frequent visit Solarium not only dries out the skin, but also causes premature aging.

Human skin can be of 6 types.

1. Celtic type.
2. European with fair skin.
3. European with dark skin.
4. Mediterranean.
5. Asiatic.
6. African.

People with skin types 5 and 6 do not need tanning, but for those with skin types 1 or 2, tanning is contraindicated, since the risk of skin cancer is too high; even when in the sun, they should use sunscreen. Well, if you really want to go to the solarium, you don’t need to try to get a dark tan, since this type of skin is unable to produce so much melanin on its own, and using special products can cause a malfunction, which is dangerous. A light tan is enough, subject to the rules and duration of the procedure.

Rules for visiting the solarium

How to properly sunbathe in a solarium for the first time, the people who work there will tell you, and if they do not explain to you the rules of use and the time of stay, then you should find another salon with employees trained in this procedure. And they should be able to not only determine the type of skin, know how long you can sunbathe for different types, but also tell about the features of the equipment, when the lamps were changed, what power they are.

If you still decide to go, then you need to know the rules of tanning in a solarium; this is especially important for those who are going there for the first time. So that your tan doesn't bring unpleasant complications in the form of a burn or overheating.

1. Before visiting the solarium, you do not need to wash with soap or other hygiene products.
2. You need to wash off your makeup.
3. If you have tattoos on your skin, it is best to cover them up or apply sunscreen.
4. The rest of the skin needs to be lubricated special means for tanning in a solarium.
5. Take off contact lenses, and wear safety glasses.
6. It is better to cover your chest with special pads.
7. The hair is covered with a cap or scarf.
8. Lubricate your lips with a moisturizing balm.

Don’t forget to also ask how to call personnel or turn off the device if necessary.

On your first visit, you should sunbathe for no more than 5 minutes. But in some cases, with fair skin or with new lamps, it is better to reduce the time to 3-4 minutes. Gradually, the duration of stay in the solarium is increased to 20 minutes.

After the session, you need to lubricate the skin with a special firming and moisturizing cream, which are most often sold in the salon. And if after a few hours you don't have any side effects, then you can continue the course, but only after 1–2 days.

How often you can go to the solarium without harm to your health depends on your well-being, but according to research, no more than 30 procedures can be performed per year. Moreover, this can be a course of 7-10 procedures every other day, and then tanning procedures 1-2 times a month, or 2-3 courses a year.

Please also note that visits to the solarium cannot be combined:

• with cosmetic procedures (depilation, peeling);
• with a tan under the sun;
• bath or sauna.

How does tanning affect different people?

Those who want to get a beautiful tan are interested in how a solarium can affect them. Let's answer the most popular questions.

This is a common effect of a solarium, if you follow all the rules of use, take into account contraindications, and the equipment is in in good condition. But when this is not the case, complications may arise after visiting a solarium.

Complications

Complications when visiting a solarium can include burns and overheating. If you overheat in a solarium, symptoms may include the following:

• dizziness;
• nausea.

Call staff at the first sign. You need to quickly leave the solarium chamber and go to Fresh air, will also help cold compress on the forehead and back of the head.

First aid for a burn in a solarium is to apply burn cream or lubricate the skin with kefir - this folk remedy is still relevant. You can go to the solarium again, especially if the burn occurred during the first visit, no earlier than after 2-3 days, and the duration of your stay in it should be reduced.

Whether a solarium brings harm or benefit, everyone must decide for themselves. Many people want to have a beautiful, tanned body, but it is not worth risking their health for this. Ultraviolet rays are useful only in small quantities; with prolonged, strong exposure they have a damaging effect not only on the skin, but also on the entire body. In northern regions, where the sun rarely indulges in its rays, a dosed visit to the solarium can be useful.