Augmentin is a modern antibiotic for the treatment of infections. Drugs with similar effects. Rules for preparing the suspension

The page contains instructions for use Augmentina. It is available in various dosage forms of the drug (tablets 250 mg, 500 mg, 875 mg, suspension 200 mg and 400 mg, injections in ampoules for injection), and also has a number of analogues. This abstract has been verified by experts. Leave your feedback on the use of Augmentin, which will help other site visitors. The drug is used for various diseases (tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other infectious diseases). The product has a number of side effects and interactions with other substances. Doses of the drug differ for adults and children. There are restrictions on the use of the medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Treatment with Augmentin can only be prescribed by a qualified physician. The duration of therapy may vary and depends on the specific disease.

Instructions for use and dosage

The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the age, body weight, kidney function of the patient, as well as the severity of the infection.

For optimal absorption and reduction of possible side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, Augmentin is recommended to be taken at the beginning of meals.

Minimum rate antibacterial therapy is 5 days. 2 weeks after the start of treatment, it is recommended to evaluate the clinical situation to decide whether to continue the course of antibiotic therapy. The duration of treatment for acute uncomplicated otitis media is 5-7 days, in children under 2 years old - 7-10 days.

If necessary, it is possible to carry out stepwise therapy (initially parenteral administration drug with subsequent transition to oral administration).

Powder for preparing a suspension for oral administration (method for preparing the suspension)

The suspension is prepared immediately before the first use. The powder should be dissolved boiled water, cooled to room temperature, gradually shaking the bottle and adding water to the mark on the bottle. Then let the suspension stand for about 5 minutes to ensure complete dilution. The bottle should be shaken well before each use. For an accurate dosage of the drug, you should use a measuring cap, which should be rinsed well with water after each use. After dilution, the suspension should be stored for no more than 7 days in the refrigerator, but not frozen.

To correctly dose the volume of suspension in children under 3 months of age, it is recommended to use a graduated syringe. For ease of administration of the suspension in children under 2 years of age, it can be diluted twice with water.

Children

The dose is calculated depending on age and weight, indicated in mg/kg body weight per day (calculation for amoxicillin) or in ml of suspension per day. Children weighing 40 kg or more should be prescribed the same doses as adults.

Low doses of Augmentin are used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, as well as recurrent tonsillitis.

High doses of the drug Augmentin are used to treat diseases such as otitis media, sinusitis, infections of the lower respiratory tract and urinary tract.

Elderly patients: no dose adjustment is required; the same dosage regimen is used as in younger patients. In elderly patients with impaired renal function, appropriate doses are prescribed for adult patients with impaired renal function.

Film-coated tablets, 250 mg + 125 mg

It must be remembered that 2 tables. Augmentin 250 mg + 125 mg are not equivalent to 1 tablet. Augmentin 500 mg + 125 mg.

Adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing more than 40 kg: 1 tablet. 3 times a day with lung infections and moderate severity. For severe infections, other dosage forms of Augmentin are recommended.

Film-coated tablets, 500 mg + 125 mg

Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without re-evaluating the patient's condition.

Adults and children over 12 years of age and/or with a body weight above 40 kg: 1 tablet each. (500 mg + 125 mg) 3 times a day.

Children under 12 years of age: the dose is prescribed depending on age and body weight. The recommended dosage regimen is 40 mg/kg 3 times a day.

Film-coated tablets, 875 mg + 125 mg

Adults and children over 12 years of age and/or with a body weight above 40 kg: 1 tablet each. 875 mg/125 mg 2 times a day.

Children under 12 years of age: This dosage form is not intended for use in children under 12 years of age or weighing less than 40 kg.

Children weighing 40 kg or more: the same doses should be prescribed as adults.

Elderly: no dosage adjustment required.

Rules for administering the injection form of the drug

Augmentin can be administered as a slow intravenous injection over 3-4 minutes directly into a vein or through a catheter, or as an intravenous infusion over 30-40 minutes.

Augmentin is not intended for intramuscular administration (due to instability at the concentration that could be administered intramuscularly).

The maximum duration of therapy should be 14 days, after which its effectiveness and tolerability should be assessed.

All dosage forms for children under 3 months should be administered only by infusion.

Compound

Amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) + Clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) + excipients.

Release forms

Film-coated tablets 250 mg, 500 mg, 875 mg.

Powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration 125 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg

Powder for the preparation of an injection solution for intravenous administration (in injections) 500 mg, 1000 mg.

Augmentin - combination antibiotic broad-spectrum, β-lactamase-resistant, containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Amoxicillin is destroyed by β-lactamases, so the spectrum of its antibacterial activity does not include microorganisms that produce β-lactamases.

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam compound that has the ability to inactivate a wide range of beta-lactamases, enzymes that commonly produce microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.

The presence of clavulanic acid in Augmentin protects amoxicillin from the destructive action of β-lactamases and expands the spectrum of its antibacterial activity to include microorganisms that are usually resistant to other penicillins and cephalosporins.

Augmentin is active against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, against gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms, against other microorganisms: Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydiae, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Treponema pallidum.

Some strains of these bacterial species produce β-lactamases, which causes resistance to amoxicillin monotherapy.

Augmentin tablets are a slow-release dosage form that differs from conventional tablets in other pharmacokinetic parameters. This ensures sensitivity to the drug for those strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in which resistance to amoxicillin is mediated by penicillin-binding proteins (penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Pharmacokinetics

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are highly soluble in aqueous solutions With physiological significance pH and after taking Augmentin orally, it is quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption of Augmentin's active substances is optimal when taken at the beginning of a meal. Therapeutic concentrations of both active substances are determined in various organs, tissues and fluids of the body (including in the lungs, organs abdominal cavity; fat, bone and muscle tissue; pleural, synovial and peritoneal fluids; in skin, bile, urine, purulent discharge, sputum, interstitial fluid). Amoxicillin (like most penicillins) is excreted in breast milk. Trace amounts of clavulanic acid are also found in breast milk. With the exception of the risk of sensitization, there are no other known negative effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid on the health of breastfed infants. IN experimental studies Animal studies have shown that amoxicillin and clavulanic acid penetrate the placental barrier. However, no fertility problems or negative effects on the fetus were detected. Amoxicillin is eliminated primarily by the kidneys, while clavulanic acid is eliminated through both renal and extrarenal mechanisms. About 10-25% of the initial dose of amoxicillin is excreted in the urine as inactive penicillic acid. Clavulanic acid undergoes intensive metabolism in the human body and is excreted in urine and feces.

Indications

Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:

• infections upper sections respiratory tract and ENT organs (including recurrent tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media), usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes;
• infections lower sections respiratory tract: exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia, usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis;
• genitourinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, infections of the female genital organs, usually caused by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae (mainly Escherichia coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus and species of the genus Enterococcus, as well as gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
• infections of the skin and soft tissues, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and species of the genus Bacteroides;
• infections of bones and joints: osteomyelitis, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, if long-term therapy is necessary;
• other mixed infections, for example, septic abortion, obstetric sepsis, intra-abdominal infections.

Contraindications

• jaundice or impaired liver function due to a history of Augmentin use;
• hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics (including penicillins and cephalosporins).

special instructions

Before starting treatment with Augmentin, it is necessary to obtain a detailed history regarding previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins or other allergens.

Serious and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylactic reactions) to penicillins have been described. The risk of such reactions is highest in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics of this group. If an allergic reaction occurs, treatment with Augmentin should be discontinued and alternative therapy initiated. For severe hypersensitivity reactions, adrenaline (epinephrine) should be administered immediately. Oxygen therapy, intravenous steroids, and airway management including intubation may also be required.

Use Augmentin with caution in patients with impaired liver function.

The severity of side effects from the digestive system can be reduced by taking Augmentin at the beginning of a meal.

Oral care helps prevent tooth discoloration by simply brushing your teeth.

In patients receiving Augmentin, an increase in prothrombin time is occasionally observed, and therefore when simultaneous use Augmentin and anticoagulants require appropriate monitoring.

In patients with reduced diuresis, crystalluria very rarely occurs, mainly during parenteral therapy. When taking amoxicillin in high doses, it is recommended to take enough fluids and maintain adequate diuresis to reduce the likelihood of amoxicillin crystal formation.

Long-term treatment with Augmentin may be accompanied by excessive growth of insensitive microorganisms.

In general, Augmentin is well tolerated and has the low toxicity characteristic of all penicillins. During long-term therapy with Augmentin, it is recommended to periodically monitor the functions of the kidneys, liver, and hematopoiesis.

IN medical literature There is no evidence of Augmentin abuse or dependence on this drug.

Like any other antibiotics, it requires careful use when taking alcohol, as liver complications may develop.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

Augmentin does not have a negative effect on the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery.

Side effect

• reversible leukopenia (including neutropenia), thrombocytopenia, reversible agranulocytosis and hemolytic anemia;
• angioedema;
• anaphylaxis;
• allergic vasculitis;
• skin rash;
• hives;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• convulsions - may occur in patients with impaired renal function and in patients receiving the drug in high doses;
• diarrhea;
• nausea (more often when taking the drug in high doses), vomiting;
• dyspepsia;
• hepatitis;
• interstitial nephritis;
• candidiasis of the mucous membranes.

When taking Augmentin, side effects occur rarely and are mostly mild and transient.

Drug interactions

It is not recommended to use Augmentin simultaneously with probenecid. Probenecid reduces the tubular secretion of amoxicillin, and therefore the simultaneous use of Augmentin and probenecid may lead to increased and persistent blood levels of amoxicillin, but not clavulanic acid.

With the simultaneous use of allopurinol and amoxicillin, the risk of allergic reactions may increase. There are currently no data on the simultaneous use of Augmentin and allopurinol.

Like other broad-spectrum antibiotics, Augmentin may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives(patients must be informed about this).

Analogues of the drug Augmentin

Structural analogues of the active substance:

• Amovycombe;
• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxiclav Quiktab;
• Amoxicillin sodium and potassium clavulanate;
• Amoxicillin trihydrate + potassium clavulanate;
• Arlet;
• Augmentin SR;
• Bactoclav;
• Verklav;
• Clamosar;
• Liklav;
• Honeyclave;
• Panclave;
• Ranklav;
• Rapiklav;
• Taromentin;
• Flemoklav Solutab;
• Ecoclave.

Use in children

It can be used in children in a dosage appropriate to the child’s age.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

In research reproductive functions in animals taking Augmentin, it was shown that oral and parenteral administration of this drug did not cause teratogenic effects.

In a single study of women with premature rupture of membranes, it was found that preventive therapy Augmentin may be associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. Augmentin is not recommended for use during pregnancy, unless in the opinion of a doctor it is necessary.

Augmentin can be used during breastfeeding. With the exception of the risk of sensitization associated with the release of trace amounts of active substances into breast milk, no other adverse effects were observed in breastfed infants.

Thank you

Augmentin is a combined antibiotic broad spectrum of action, used to treat bacterial infectious diseases respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia), ENT organs (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis), skin and subcutaneous tissue (abscess, phlegmon, cellulite, wound), genitourinary system(cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, salpingitis, vaginitis, gonorrhea, endometritis), as well as osteomyelitis, sepsis and peritonitis. In addition, Augmentin is used for the prevention and treatment of infections after surgery.

Forms of release, varieties and names of Augmentin

All three of these varieties of Augmentin are commercial versions of the same antibiotic with exactly the same effects, indications and rules of use. The only difference between the commercial varieties of Augmentin is the dosage of the active substance and the release form (tablets, suspension, powder for preparing a solution for injection). These differences make it possible to select the optimal drug option for each specific case. For example, if for some reason an adult is unable to swallow Augmentin tablets, he can use Augmentin EC suspension, etc.

Usually, all varieties of the drug are simply called “Augmentin”, and to clarify what exactly is meant, they simply add the name of the dosage form and dosage, for example, Augmentin suspension 200, Augmentin tablets 875, etc.

Varieties of Augmentin are available in the following dosage forms:
1. Augmentin:

• Tablets for oral administration;
• Powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration;
• Powder for the preparation of solution for injection.

• Powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration.

• Extended-release, extended-release tablets.

Composition of Augmentin

• Amoxicillin;
• Clavulanic acid.

However, it has one drawback - many bacteria develop resistance to amoxicillin after a few days of use, since the microbes begin to produce special substances - lactamases that destroy the antibiotic. This drawback limits the use of amoxicillin in the treatment of bacterial infections.

However, the deficiency of amoxicillin is eliminated clavulanic acid , which is the second component of Augmentin. Clavulanic acid is a substance that inactivates lactamases produced by bacteria and, accordingly, makes amoxicillin effective even against microbes that were previously insensitive to its action. That is, clavulanic acid makes amoxicillin effective against bacteria that were resistant to its action, which significantly expands the range of use of the combined drug Augmentin.

Thus, the combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid makes the antibiotic more effective, expands its spectrum of action and prevents the development of bacterial resistance.

Augmentin dosage (for adults and children)

Thus, Augmentin in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution for injection is available in dosages of 500 mg + 100 mg and 1000 mg + 200 mg. This means that after diluting the powder with water, a solution is obtained that contains 500 mg or 1000 mg of amoxicillin and, respectively, 100 mg and 200 mg of clavulanic acid. In everyday life, these dosage forms are usually simply referred to as “Augmentin 500” and “Augmentin 1000”, using a number reflecting the content of amoxicillin and omitting the amount of clavulanic acid.

Augmentin in the form of a powder for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration is available in three dosages: 125 mg + 31.25 mg per 5 ml; 200 mg + 28.5 mg per 5 ml and 400 mg + 57 mg per 5 ml. In everyday life, the designation of the amount of clavulanic acid is usually omitted, and only the content of amoxicillin is indicated, since the dosage is calculated based on the antibiotic. Thanks to this, the short designations for suspensions of various dosages look like this: “Augmentin 125”, “Augmentin 200” and “Augmentin 400”.

The dosage of Augmentin suspensions is per 5 ml: that is, 125 mg per 5 ml, 200 mg per 5 ml and 400 mg per 5 ml. The content of the active substance in terms of 5 ml means that after preparing the suspension from the powder, it is 5 ml (and not 1 ml) of the finished solution that will contain 125 mg, 200 mg or 400 mg of amoxicillin.

Since Augmentin suspension is used in children under 12 years of age, it is often called “children’s Augmentin”. Accordingly, the suspension dosages are also called children's dosages. In fact, the dosages of the suspension are standard and can also be used in adults with low body weight, but due to the predominant use of this form of the drug for children, they are called children's dosages.

Augmentin tablets are available in three dosages: 250 mg + 125 mg; 500 mg + 125 mg and 875 mg + 125 mg, differing only in the content of amoxicillin. Therefore, in everyday life, tablets are usually shortened, indicating only the dosage of amoxicillin: “Augmentin 250”, “Augmentin 500” and “Augmentin 875”. The indicated amount of amoxicillin is contained in one Augmentin tablet.

Augmentin EC is available in powder form for the preparation of a suspension in a single dosage - 600 mg + 42.9 mg per 5 ml. This means that 5 ml of the finished suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid.

Augmentin SR is available in the form of tablets with a single dosage of active substances – 1000 mg + 62.5 mg. This means that one tablet contains 1000 mg of amoxicillin and 62.5 mg of clavulanic acid.

Therapeutic effects

The presence of clavulanic acid in Augmentin makes the drug highly effective, since it allows you to expand the spectrum of action of amoxicillin and make it effective against bacteria that, when used in isolation of this antibiotic are resistant to it.

Indications for use

Indications for use of Augmentin suspension, tablets and injections

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis), including recurrent ones (except for tablets 250 mg + 125 mg);
• Lower respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess), including exacerbation of chronic processes;
• Infections of the genitourinary system in men and women (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, vaginitis, adnexitis, salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, tubovarial abscess, pelvioperitonitis, chancroid, gonorrhea);
• Skin and soft tissue infections (cellulitis, abscess, cellulitis, boils, panniculitis, infected wounds);
• Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis);
• Odontogenic infections (periodontitis, maxillary sinusitis, dental and jaw abscesses with cellulite) - only tablets 500 mg + 125 mg and 875 mg + 125 mg;
• Mixed infections of various organs (septic abortion, postpartum sepsis, intra-abdominal sepsis, septicemia, peritonitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, postoperative infections) - only for tablets of all dosages.

Indications for use of Augmentin EC suspension

• Recurrent or acute otitis media;
• Tonsillopharyngitis;
• Sinusitis;
• Lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia;
• Skin and soft tissue infections (cellulitis, abscess, cellulitis, boils, panniculitis, infected wounds).

Indications for use of Augmentin SR tablets

• Pneumonia is not hospital acquired;
• Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis;
• Acute bacterial sinusitis;
• Prevention of infectious complications after dental operations.

Augmentin - instructions for use

General rules for taking all forms and varieties of Augmentin

Before taking the suspension, measure out the required amount using a special measuring cap or syringe with graduations. The suspension is taken orally by swallowing the measured required amount directly from the measuring cap. Children who for some reason cannot drink a pure suspension are recommended to dilute it with water in a 1:1 ratio, after pouring the required amount from the measuring cap into a glass or other container. After use, the measuring cap or syringe should be rinsed with clean water.

In order to reduce discomfort and side effects from gastrointestinal tract It is recommended to take tablets and suspension at the beginning of meals. However, if for some reason this is not possible, then the tablets can be taken at any time in relation to food, since food does not have a significant effect on the effects of the drug.

Augmentin injections are made only intravenously. The solution can be administered by stream (from a syringe) or infusion ("dropper"). Not allowed intramuscular injection drug! The injection solution is prepared from the powder immediately before administration and is not stored even in the refrigerator.

Taking tablets and suspensions, as well as intravenous administration of Augmentin solution should be done at regular intervals. For example, if you need to take the drug twice a day, then you should maintain the same 12-hour interval between doses. If you need to take Augmentin 3 times a day, then you should do this every 8 hours, trying to strictly observe this interval, etc.

The minimum acceptable course of use of any form and variety of Augmentin is 5 days. This means that you cannot take the drug for less than 5 days. The maximum permissible duration of use of any form and variety of Augmentin without repeated examinations is 2 weeks. That is, after a diagnosis has been made, without repeated examination, you can take the drug for no longer than 2 weeks. If, during therapy, a repeated examination was carried out, which revealed a positive, but slow dynamics of cure, then based on these results, the duration of taking Augmentin can be increased to 3 or even 4 weeks.

If necessary, step therapy can be carried out, consisting of sequential use of injections and tablets or suspension orally. In this case, first, to obtain the maximum effect, Augmentin is injected, and then they switch to taking tablets or suspensions.

You should not replace different forms and dosages of Augmentin with each other, for example, instead of one tablet of 500 mg + 125 mg, take 2 tablets of 250 mg + 125 mg, etc. Such substitutions cannot be made, since different dosages of even the same form of the drug are not equivalent. Since there is wide choose dosages of Augmentin, you should always choose the one you need, and not use the existing one, trying to replace what you need with it.

Selection of dosage form of the drug

Children under 12 years of age or weighing less than 40 kg should take Augmentin only in suspension form. In this case, babies under 3 months can only be given a suspension with a dosage of 125/31.25 mg. In children over 3 months of age, it is allowed to use suspensions with any dosage of active ingredients. It is precisely because Augmentin suspension is intended for children that it is often called simply “children’s Augmentin” without indicating the dosage form (suspension). The dosage of the suspension is calculated individually based on the age and body weight of the child.

Augmentin injections can be used for children of any age and for adults, after first calculating the individual dosage based on body weight.

Augmentin EC suspension and Augmentin SR tablets can only be taken by adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing more than 40 kg.

Rules for preparing Augmentin and Augmentin EU suspensions

You cannot pour out all the powder from the bottle and divide it, for example, into 2, 3, 4 or more parts, and then dilute the resulting parts separately. Such crushing leads to inaccuracy of dosage and uneven distribution of active substances among parts of the powder, since it is impossible to mix it so that the molecules of the active components are perfectly evenly distributed throughout the entire volume. This, in turn, causes ineffectiveness of the suspension made from one half of the powder, and overdoses of the suspension made from the other part of the powder. That is, after crushing, there could be few active substances in one part of the powder, and, on the contrary, too much in another. As a result, a suspension made from a powder with a low content of active components will contain a much lower concentration of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid than necessary. And another suspension, prepared from powder with a large amount of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, will, on the contrary, contain too high a concentration of active components.

A suspension with any dosage of active components is prepared as follows:
1. Add 60 ml of boiled, cooled water to the bottle with the powder (the amount of water can be measured with a syringe).
2. Screw on the cap of the bottle and shake it vigorously until the powder is completely dissolved.
3. Then place the bottle on a flat surface for 5 minutes.
4. If, after this, undissolved powder particles have collected at the bottom, you should shake the bottle vigorously again and place it again on a flat surface for 5 minutes.
5. When, after 5 minutes of settling, there are no particles of powder left at the bottom of the bottle, open the lid and add boiled cooled water to the mark.

It must be remembered that to prepare a suspension with a dosage of 125/31.25 you will need more water (approximately 92 ml) than for dosages 200/28.5 and 400/57 (approximately 64 ml). Therefore, for the first dissolution you need to take no more than 60 ml of water (it is possible to pour a little less, but not more, so that after receiving the suspension it does not turn out that its level is higher than the mark on the bottle).

The finished suspension can be stored in the refrigerator (not frozen) for a week, after which any unused remainder should be discarded. If the course of treatment lasts more than 7 days, then after a week of storage you need to throw away the remains of the old solution and prepare a new one.

Rules for preparing injection solution Augmentin

If Augmentin is administered as a stream, then the required amount of solution is drawn directly from the bottle into a sterile syringe and administered intravenously slowly over 3 to 4 minutes. For intravenous injection, the solution should be prepared immediately before use. The maximum permissible storage time for the prepared solution before intravenous injection is no more than 20 minutes.

If Augmentin is administered as a dropper, then the contents of the bottle (the entire prepared solution) are poured into the infusion fluid already in the system (dropper). Moreover, a solution with an active substance content of 500/100 is diluted with 50 ml of infusion fluid, and a solution with a dosage of 1000/200 is diluted with 100 ml of infusion fluid. Then the entire volume of the resulting solution is administered dropwise over 30–40 minutes.

The following drugs can be used as infusion fluid:

• Water for injections;
• Ringer's solution;
• Saline;
• Solution with potassium and sodium chlorides;
• Glucose solution;
• Dextran;
• Sodium bicarbonate solution.

Augmentin suspension (Augmentin 125, Augmentin 200 and Augmentin 400) - instructions for use for children (with dosage calculations)

Before each dose, it is necessary to shake the bottle of suspension, and only after that take the required amount using a measuring cap or an ordinary syringe with graduations. The cap and syringe should be rinsed with clean water after each use.

The suspension can be drunk directly from the measuring cap or first poured into a small container, such as a glass, etc. It is recommended to pour the suspension drawn into a syringe into a spoon or glass. If for some reason it is difficult for a child to swallow a pure suspension, then the measured amount for a single dose can be further diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio. However, you cannot immediately dilute the powder with twice as much water. The suspension should be diluted before each dose and only the amount needed for one dose.

Dosages of Augmentin in each specific case are calculated individually based on the child’s body weight, age and severity of the disease. In this case, only amoxicillin is taken for calculations, and clavulanic acid is neglected. It should be remembered that children under 2 years of age should be given only Augmentin 125/31.5 suspension. And children over two years old can be given a suspension with any dosage of active substances (Augmentin 125, 200 and 400).

Children under 3 months The daily dosage of Augmentin suspension should be calculated based on the ratio of 30 mg of amoxicillin per 1 kg. Then the amount of mg is converted to milliliters, the resulting daily dosage is divided by 2 and given to the child twice a day every 12 hours. Let's consider an example of calculating the dose of Augmentin 125/31.25 suspension for a child aged 1 month with a body weight of 6 kg. So, the daily dosage for him is 30 mg * 6 kg = 180 mg. Next, you need to calculate how many milliliters of suspension 125/31.25 contain 180 mg of amoxicillin. To do this, we create a proportion:
125 mg in 5 ml (this is the concentration of the suspension declared by the manufacturer)
180 mg in X (x) ml.

From the proportion we create an equation: X = 180 * 5/125 = 7.2 ml.

That is, the daily dosage of Augmentin for a 1-month-old child weighing 6 kg is contained in 7.2 ml of suspension with a dose of 125/31.25. Since the child needs to be given a suspension twice a day, we divide 7.2/2 = 3.6 ml. This means that the baby needs to be given 3.6 ml of suspension twice a day.

Children aged 3 months to 12 years the suspension dosage is calculated using other ratios, but also taking into account body weight and the severity of the disease. So, the daily dosage for suspensions different concentrations calculated according to the following ratios:

• Suspension 125/31.25 - calculate the dosage according to the ratio of 20 - 40 mg per 1 kg of weight;
• Suspensions 200/28.5 and 400/57 - calculate the dosage according to the ratio of 25 - 45 mg per 1 kg of weight.

In addition, for children of this age category you need to remember the following rule - a suspension with a concentration of 125/31.5 is given three times a day every 8 hours, and suspensions with dosages of 200/28.5 and 400/57 are given twice a day at an interval of 12 hours. Accordingly, to determine how much suspension should be given to a child, first the daily dosage of Augmentin in mg is calculated using the standard ratios indicated above, and then converted into milliliters of suspension with a particular concentration. After this, the resulting ml is divided into 2 or 3 doses per day.

Let's look at an example of calculating suspension dosages for children over 3 months old. So, a child weighing 20 kg suffers from chronic tonsillitis. This means that he needs to take a suspension of 125 mg at 20 mg per 1 kg or suspensions of 200 mg and 400 mg at 25 mg per 1 kg. Let's calculate how many mg of active substance a child needs in suspensions of all concentrations:
1. Suspension 125/31.25: 20 mg*20 kg = 400 mg per day;
2. Suspensions 200/28.5 and 400/57: 25 mg * 20 kg = 500 mg per day.

For a suspension with a concentration of 125/31.25 mg:
400 mg in X ml
125 mg in 5 ml; X = 5*400/125 = 16 ml.

For a suspension with a concentration of 200/28.5:
500 mg in X ml
200 mg in 5 ml; X = 5*500/200 = 12.5 ml.

For a suspension with a concentration of 400/57 mg:
500 mg in X ml
400 mg in 5 ml; X = 5*500/400 = 6.25 ml.

This means that for a child weighing 10 kg suffering from tonsillitis, the daily dosage of a 125 mg suspension is 16 ml, a 200 mg suspension is 12.5 ml and a 400 mg suspension is 6.25 ml. Next, divide the milliliters of the daily amount of suspension into 2 or 3 doses per day. For a suspension of 125 mg, divide by 3 and get: 16 ml/3 = 5.3 ml. For suspensions of 200 mg and 400 mg, divide by 2 and get: respectively, 12.5/2 = 6.25 ml and 6.25/2 = 3.125 ml. This means that the child should be given the following amount of the drug:

• 5.3 ml of suspension with a concentration of 125 mg three times a day every 8 hours;
• 6.25 ml of suspension with a concentration of 200 mg twice a day every 12 hours;
• 3.125 ml of suspension with a concentration of 400 mg twice a day every 12 hours.

In addition to the indicated method for calculating the amount of suspension for each specific case, you can use standardized dosages corresponding to age and body weight. These standardized dosages are shown in the table.

Augmentin tablets - instructions for use (with choice of dosages)

Augmentin tablets should be used by adults and children over 12 years of age with a body weight of at least 40 kg. The choice of tablet dosage is determined by the severity of the infection and does not depend on age and body weight.

Thus, for mild and moderate infections of any location, it is recommended to take 1 tablet of 250+125 mg 3 times a day every 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.

For severe infections (including chronic and recurrent infections of the genitourinary and respiratory organs), Augmentin tablets should be taken as follows:

• 1 tablet 500+125 mg 3 times a day every 8 hours;
• 1 tablet 875+125 mg 2 times a day every 12 hours.

In case of urgent need, you can replace the tablets with a suspension according to the following ratio: 1 tablet 875+125 mg is equivalent to 11 ml of suspension 400/57 mg. There are no other options for replacing tablets with a suspension, since the dosages in them will not be equivalent.

Solution for injection (Augmentin 500 and Augmentin 1000) – instructions for use (with calculation of dosages)

• Moderate infections - 1000/200 mg every 8 hours;
• Severe infections - 1000/200 mg every 4 to 6 hours;
• In order to prevent postoperative infection when the operation lasts less than 1 hour, a single dose of 1000/200 mg is administered during induction of anesthesia;
• In order to prevent postoperative infection when the operation lasts more than 1 hour, 1000/200 mg is administered every 6 hours, starting with induction of anesthesia;
• To prevent infections after operations on the gastrointestinal tract, administer 1000/200 mg as a dropper for 30 minutes simultaneously with the onset of anesthesia. If the operation does not end, then after two hours you can repeat the infusion at the same dosage.

• Children under 3 months weighing less than 4 kg - administer 25 - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight every 12 hours;
• Children under 3 months weighing more than 4 kg - administer 25 - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight every 8 hours;
• Children from 3 months to 12 years – administer 25–50 mg per 1 kg of weight every 6–8 hours.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

special instructions

Before starting to use Augmentin, you must make sure that the person does not have allergic reactions to antibiotics of the penicillin and cephalosporin groups. If an allergic reaction occurs during the use of Augmentin, the drug should be stopped immediately and never used again.

Augmentin should not be used if infectious mononucleosis is suspected.

When taking Augmentin in high dosages, you should consume at least 2 - 2.5 liters of fluid per day so that it does not form in the urine a large number of crystals that can scratch the urethra during urination.

When using the suspension, be sure to brush your teeth several times a day to prevent staining.

In case of renal failure with creatinine clearance more than 30 ml/min, Augmentin should be taken in the usual dosages for the person’s age and weight. If creatinine clearance against the background of renal failure is less than 30 ml/min, then only the following forms of Augmentin can be taken:

• Suspension with a concentration of 125/31.25 mg;
• Tablets 250+125 mg;
• Tablets 500+125 mg;
• Solution for injection 500/100 and 1000/200.

Impact on the ability to operate machinery

Interaction with other drugs

Probenecid leads to an increase in the concentration of Augmentin in the blood. Allopurinol when taken simultaneously with Augmentin increases the risk of developing skin reactions.

Augmentin increases the toxicity of methotrexate and reduces the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives. Therefore, while using Augmentin, additional methods of contraception should be used.

Overdose

• Phenylketonuria;
• Creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min;
• Age less than 3 months.

• Age under 12 years or body weight less than 40 kg;
• Creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min (only for tablets 875/125).

Augmentin - analogues

Such analogues of Augmentin based on the active substance include the following drugs:

• Amovycomb powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Amoxivan powder for solution for injection;
• Amoxiclav tablets and powders for the preparation of solution for injection and suspension for oral administration;
• Amoxiclav Quiktab dispersible tablets;
• Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid powder for solution for injection;
• Arlet tablets;
• Bactoclav tablets;
• Verklav powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Clamosar powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Liklav powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Medoclav tablets and powders for the preparation of suspension for oral administration and solution for injection;
• Panclave tablets;
• Panclave 2X tablets and powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration;
• Ranclave tablets;
• Rapiclav tablets;
• Fibell powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Flemoklav Solutab tablets;
• Foraklav powder for the preparation of solution for injection;
• Ecoclave tablets and powder for the preparation of a solution for oral administration.

Augmentin ® is a combined antimicrobial drug that contains amoxicillin, which has a bactericidal effect, and clavulanic acid (clavulanate), which inhibits a group of bacterial enzymes - β - lactamase. The latter hydrolyze penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics, as a result of which the latter do not have time to demonstrate their antimicrobial effect. Augmentin ® is a drug with an extended spectrum of activity.

Aerobes and anaerobes are sensitive to Augmentin ®. The antibiotic has a bacteriolytic effect, i.e. destroys pathogenic microorganisms. Amoxicillin itself degrades in the presence of β-lactamases, so it is ineffective in eradicating microbial cultures that synthesize these enzymes. Clavulanic acid, which is part of the drug, imparts stability to semisynthetic penicillin, thereby expanding the spectrum of its activity.

Clavulanic acid is similar in structure to penicillin antibiotics. Plasmid β-lactamases, which cause resistance (resistance) of pathogens, are susceptible to clavulanate. However, the inhibitor has no effect on type 1 bacterial enzymes. The manufacturing country of Augmentin ® is England.

Instructions for use of Augmentin ® 1000, 875, 125, 500 and 125 mg tablets

The tablets are not crushed or chewed, but are swallowed whole and washed down with clean non-carbonated water (100 milliliters is enough). As for the suspension, the required amount of the finished solution is measured using a measuring cap or a syringe on which divisions are applied. The syringe or measuring cup is thoroughly washed after use.

Augmentin ® in liquid form(suspension) is preferably taken before meals, which significantly improves absorption. In addition, this will reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions from the esophagus, stomach and intestines.

The suspension is used exclusively orally. 0.06 liters of boiled water at room temperature is poured into a container with powder. Close the bottle tightly with a lid and shake thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

The powder will dissolve completely if left for a few minutes. Next, the procedure is repeated, adding water up to the mark on the bottle. The shelf life of the prepared solution is a week; it is stored in the general chamber of the refrigerator. The technology for preparing the suspension is described in detail in the insert included in the package.

All dosage forms are taken at the same intervals. For example, if a doctor has prescribed you to take an antibiotic twice a day, this means that Augmentin ® must enter the body every 12 hours.

The minimum course of treatment with Augmentin ® is five days. After diagnosis and in the absence of repeated examination, therapy should not last more than 14 days. If, upon review of the clinical situation, a slow but positive dynamics of the recovery process was revealed, then the course of treatment is continued. The duration of the course must be agreed with the attending physician.

Experts often resort to stepwise antibacterial therapy, which involves the 2-stage use of antibiotic drugs: for example, switching from parenteral to oral administration. In the case of Augmentin ®, they first practice injection method and then use tablets.

Pharmacological group

Augmentin ® also belongs to the group of inhibitor-protected penicillins.

Pharmacological parameters

Augmentin ® causes the death of facultative flora and blocks the biosynthesis of the cell membrane, which performs structural, protective and transport functions. Amoxicillin, coupled with clavulanic acid, enhances the bactericidal activity of segmented neutrophils, which play a very important role in protecting the body from infections of bacterial and fungal etiology. Clavulanic acid stimulates the adhesion and motor response of neutrophils (leukocytes) to a chemical stimulus.

Pharmacology of amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is destroyed by penicillinase. The antibiotic is resistant to acidic environment. Its target is the bacterial enzyme glycopeptide transpeptidase. The antimicrobial agent suppresses the synthesis of murein, which performs the antigenic and mechanical functions of osmotic cell protection.

Pharmacology of clavulanic acid

Clavulanate has its own antimicrobial activity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus are sensitive to the inhibitor (minimal activity); Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae (moderate activity); Bacteroides, Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Legionella (high activity). Like other β-lactam antibiotics, clavulanic acid interacts with penicillin-binding proteins of gram+ and gram-pathogens and promotes the dissolution of the cell membrane.

Pharmacokinetic parameters

Pharmacokinetic data were obtained in experimental and laboratory research in volunteers after administration on an empty stomach.

Speed ​​of achieving effective drug concentration in plasma

The drug is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of the active ingredients of Augmentin ® is optimal if taken before meals. The time to reach maximum concentration is 3/4 hours.

Distribution of lek. means in the body

Therapeutic concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate are formed in organs chest and abdominal cavity, adipose tissue, bones, muscles, bile, serous-purulent discharge and fluids: pleural, produced by the pleura, synovial, filling the joints, peritoneal, responsible for hydration abdominal wall, and tissue, contained in the pericellular spaces. The degree of binding to plasma proteins is low (no more than thirty percent for both substances).

Metabolism and Elimination

The antibiotic is eliminated by the kidneys (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion). After a single oral dose, both substances are eliminated from the body within six hours. The half-life depends on the dose, the average is one hour.

Composition of Augmentin ®

The main components of the antibiotic are Amoxicillin (amoxicillin) and Clavulanic acid (clavulanic acid), the physiological effects of which are associated medicinal properties Augmentina ® . Contains xanthan gum (stabilizer, whitish powder, odorless and tasteless), L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine (sweetener), butanedioic acid (colorless crystals, soluble in water and ethanol) and food flavors (berry and citrus flavors) .

Augmentin ® recipe in Latin

Rp: Augmentini 0.875.

D.t. d. N. 20 in tab.

S. 1 tablet 2 times a day

Augmentin ® release form

The pharmaceutical industry produces Augmentin ® in the form of:

1. White powder having a specific smell. When water is added, a suspension of a similar color is formed. After settling in the container, a sediment gradually forms.
2. Tablet form, containing 250 milligrams of Amoxycillinum and 125 milligrams of clavulanic acid. The tablets are film-coated, with the name “Augmentin ®” engraved on the surface in Latin.
3. Tablet form, containing 500 milligrams of Amoxycillinum and 125 milligrams of clavulanic acid. On one side of the table. the letters "AC" are printed.
4. Tablet form, containing 875 milligrams of Amoxycillinum and 125 milligrams of clavulanic acid. The letters "A" and "C" are die-cut on the top and bottom sides. The pharmaceutical corporation Glaxosmithklein ® does not supply Augmentin ® syrup for children to the pharmaceutical market.

What does Augmentin ® help with?

Augmentin ® is active against pathogens susceptible to it. The combination medicine is prescribed for infections caused by microorganisms that are resistant to the antibiotic included in the composition.

Taking Augmentin ® promotes eradication of the following microbial cultures:

• gram+ aerobes, requiring free molecular oxygen for energy synthesis processes (including strains synthesizing β-lactamases): Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermal, streptococci, pneumococcus, fecal enterococcus, corynebacteria, listeria;
• gram aerobes: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis;
• gram+ anaerobes, receiving energy in the absence of oxygen: clostridia, peptostreptococci, peptococci, Proteus, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Bordet-Gengou bacterium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jeuni
• and etc. gram+ pathogens: bacteroides, including bacteroides fragilis.

Indications for use of Augmentin ®

The combination of amoxicillin with clavulanate is indicated for the treatment of diseases of bacterial origin in the following localizations:

• ENT organs: tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media (including relapses). The causative agents are streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococcus, and influenza bacillus.
• lower parts of the respiratory system: exacerbation of bronchitis occurring in chronic form, pyothorax, abscess, bronchogenic and lobar pneumonia, developing when the body is invaded by pneumococci and influenza bacillus.
• urinary system and genital organs: cystitis, pelvioperitonitis, endometritis, urethritis, pyelonephritis and diseases of the female reproductive system: vaginitis, salpingoophoritis, inflammatory adnextumor (enterobacteria, E. coli, saprophytic staphylococcus, enterococci, gonococcus causing gonorrhea).
• dermis and soft fabrics which include muscles, tendons, synovial membranes, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue: inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, purulent inflammation tissues, furunculosis, panniculitis (staphylococcus aureus, st. pyogenic, bacteroides).
• bone: purulent-necrotic processes developing in the bone and bone marrow (staphylococcus aureus). Augmentin ® is prescribed if long-term treatment is necessary.
• oral cavity: periodontal inflammation,
  maxillary sinusitis, severe dentoalveolar abscesses.

Indications for use include septic abortion, obstetric and intra-abdominal sepsis, septicemia, peritonitis, cholecystitis.

Who is Augmentin ® contraindicated for?

The antibiotic is not prescribed to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, clavulanate, β-lactams and other components. The reasons for refusing therapy with this drug are:

• phenylketonuria is hereditary disease, caused by a violation of the metabolism of α-amino-β-phenylpropionic acid;
• kidney pathologies and other severe dysfunctions, for example, low creatinine;
• infancy up to three months (for suspension);
• age up to twelve years and weight less than forty kilograms (for solid forms);
• lymphoblastosis is benign, since the antibiotic can provoke the appearance of rashes, which will complicate the diagnosis;
• previous episodes of Gospel disease.

Dosage of Augmentin ® for adults

Establishing a dosage regimen is the responsibility of the attending physician. When selecting a dosage, the doctor takes into account age, weight, the presence of diseases of the urinary system, clinical condition patient, individual characteristics.

Adults and children in puberty (adolescents from twelve years of age or with a body weight exceeding forty kg) should be prescribed eleven milliliters of a suspension at a dosage of 400 mg plus 57 mg, which is equivalent to one tablet containing 875 mg of amoxicillin.

Low doses of Augmentin ® are indicated for getting rid of skin infections and for recurrent inflammation of the tonsils. High doses are indispensable in the treatment of otitis, sinusitis, infections of bone and joint tissue.

Infants up to three months due to the incompletely formed excretory function of the kidneys, the recommended dose is thirty milligrams per kg of body weight. As for premature infants, there is no reliable data on the dosage regimen.

Patients over sixty years of age do not require dosage adjustment. You should adhere to the recommendations that guide the treatment of young patients.

For persons with liver dysfunction, antibiotic therapy is prescribed with caution, while liver function testing is carried out on a regular basis.

For persons with renal failure, the dosage regimen is adjusted based on an assessment of creatinine clearance, which is the main quantitative indicator of the secretory organ.

Dosage of Augmentin ® for children in suspension 200 and 400 ml

In pediatric practice, Augmentin ® is prescribed to children in the form of a suspension.

How to correctly calculate the dosage of Augmentin ® suspension for children (200 mg, 400 mg)

Parents cannot always correctly determine the dosage regimen. For clarity, we give an example of calculating the dosage for a girl whose therapist diagnosed inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. The child is one and a half years old and weighs ten kg.

Bronchitis leads to disruption of the normal functioning of vital important body If the disease occurs without respiratory failure, then the patient’s condition is classified as moderate-severe.

For moderate bronchitis, we take into account forty milligrams per kg. The girl weighs ten kg, so single dosage is: forty * ten = four hundred milligrams. 400 mg of amoxicillin is contained in ten milliliters of a suspension of 200 mg plus 28.5 mg/5 ml or in 5 ml of 400 mg plus 57 mg/5 ml.

Augmentin ® during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During animal tests conducted in the laboratory, it was revealed that both components penetrate the utero-placental barrier and are determined in minimal quantities in mother’s milk. However, antibiotic therapy with Augmentin ® is not a teratogenic factor, because The drug does not disrupt the embryonic development of the fetus. Augmentin ® is used both orally and parenterally during pregnancy.

In isolated cases in women with a violation of the integrity of the membranes amniotic sac before the beginning labor activity It was found that preventive therapy with this medication may be associated with inflammation of the small and large intestines (necrotizing enterocolitis) in a newborn. Augmentin ® should be taken only for vital indications.

Treatment with the antibiotic Augmentin ® has only a minor effect on breastfeeding (BF), with the exception of the risk of sensitization.

A woman carrying a child should take into account that almost all antibiotics are poorly tolerated by the body. This pharmacological group has many contraindications and adverse reactions. For example, during treatment, patients often experience candidiasis.

Antibiotic drugs are strong allergens that can cause the appearance of skin rashes, asthmatic attacks and even anaphylactic reactions that threaten the life and health of the mother. In addition, Augmentin ® inhibits the enzymatic activity of the flora of the digestive tract, which leads to dysbacteriosis. A pregnant woman may experience constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and increased gas production.

Penicillin affects the bone marrow, which causes disruption of hematopoiesis. Aplastic anemia tops the list of serious complications.
Taking Augmentin ® during pregnancy is possible, but only if the therapeutic effect for the expectant mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. In the first trimester it is advisable to find alternative methods treatment or select the safest antibiotics possible.

Side effects and effects when taking Augmentin ®

Adverse drug reactions are listed by frequency of occurrence:

• candidiasis caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Taking antibiotics leads to an increase in the population of this yeast. Yeast-like fungi Candida is part of the normal microflora of the oral cavity, vagina and colon;
• leukopenia, in which patients experience general weakness, rapid pulse, and low-grade fever;
• thrombocytopenia, accompanied by increased bleeding, problems stopping bleeding, frequent nosebleeds;
• agranulocytosis, clinical picture which manifests itself in the form of damage to the body by infections due to a decrease in the effectiveness of the immune response;
• high physical activity and excitability of a person;
• stool disorders (frequent bowel movements);
• nausea that occurs when taking high doses;
• antibiotic-associated colitis;
• disease black villous tongue, characterized by hyperplasia of the filiform papillae of the tongue and their keratinization;
• darkening of tooth enamel. Teeth will not change color if proper oral care is taken;
• drug-induced hepatitis, because almost all antibiotics have hepatotoxicity;
• increased bilirubin, which is signaled by increased fatigue, yellowness of the skin and mucous membranes;
• high concentration of alkaline phosphatase. Patients complain of loss of appetite and pain in the right hypochondrium;
• intrahepatic cholestasis, accompanied by a lack of access of bile to the intestine and impaired permeability of bile capillaries;
• skin rashes, diagnosed in patients with individual intolerance and concomitant diseases;
• a symptomatic form of polymorphic erythema of toxic-allergic origin. In the first stages, clearly defined edematous papules of a pinkish hue appear;

Side effects from the liver are more common in males and elderly patients. The cause of such reactions is often prolonged treatment. IN childhood Liver complications practically do not occur. Most often, side effects are reversible.

The above symptoms make themselves felt during therapy or some time after its completion. Structural and functional disorders of the liver pose a danger.

Augmentin ® and alcohol

It is a well-known fact that antibiotic therapy and alcohol are two incompatible concepts. However, controversy among practicing doctors on this issue still does not subside. Let's say right away that ethanol does not affect the concentration of Augmentin ® in the blood and the therapeutic effect.

It is quite difficult to assess the compatibility and possibility of concurrent use of the antibiotic Augmentin and alcohol, but it is possible to study the effect of drugs on certain organs and systems. The liver suffers the most, as it receives a double blow, because it is the liver that neutralizes toxic substances, which include ethanol and some pharmacological groups.

Drinking alcoholic beverages during antibiotic treatment contributes to the development of kidney failure. Moreover, in in this case It doesn’t matter the patient’s age; such combinations are deadly for all age groups.

During alcoholic libations, there is a narrowing of blood vessels, which can affect the distribution and transportation of the antibiotic.

The load increases not only on the organs of the hepatobiliary system, but also on the digestive organs. A person who simultaneously takes ethanol and Augmentin ® runs the risk of becoming a patient in the gastroenterology department, because the risk of:

• pancreatitis, to which dehydration of the body is added;
• acute hepatitis. A person may feel unwell in the first hours after drinking alcohol;
• erosion of the stomach and intestines. It is dangerous because the disease does not make itself felt for a long time;
• peptic ulcer, manifested internal bleeding. Alcohol together with Augmentin can initiate the entry of blood into the natural cavity of the body.

Analogues and generics

• Amoxiclav Quiktab ® (from 360 to 600 rubles)
• Amoxiclav ® (from 250 to 550 rubles) -
• Arlet ® (from 230 to 560 rubles)
• Augmentin SR ® (from 650 to 900 rubles);
• Klamosar ® (from 370 to 530 rubles)
• Medoclav ® (from 210 to 310 rubles)
• Panklav ® (from 220 to 520 rubles)
• Ranklav ® (from 390 to 560 rubles)
• Rapiclav ® (from 330 to 450 rubles)
• Flemoklav Solutab ® (from 290 to 870 rubles)

Augmentin ®: reviews from doctors for children and adults

Doctors

Gastroenterologist

Augmentin ® is inexpensive and suitable for treating adults and children. The disadvantages include the fact that the antibiotic is a perishable medicine, and its shelf life is only seven days. IN exceptional cases Patients experience antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Protected penicillin copes well with respiratory infections. The suspension has a pleasant taste due to the addition food additives and flavors.

Dentist

Augmentin ® is an original medicine, it fully meets safety standards, is produced in accordance with all quality standards, and goes through all stages of purification. The drug helps with systemic infections when the body is affected by several strains of bacteria. The drug is well tolerated. Clavulanic acid allows you to inactivate more wide circle pathogens.

Therapists

Patients rarely complain of complications, but some develop dyspeptic symptoms. Persons receiving Augmentin ® should not forget about fungal infections, which are a faithful companion to long-term antibiotic therapy.

Otolaryngologist

Augmentin ® is suitable for all age groups. Indispensable in the treatment of infections of the ear, nose, and lower respiratory tract. A properly selected dosage regimen helps prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. In adults, complications are extremely rare. It is more effective than unprotected penicillins, which are destroyed by bacterial enzymes.

Everything in life develops. Unfortunately, not all the results of this development are positive character. A clear example of this is the development of diseases.

Many pathogens improve themselves and become less sensitive to drugs aimed at combating them. But medicine does not stand still. New drugs, such as antibiotics (antibacterial drugs), with a wider spectrum of action are being developed.

What is it? What types are there? What diseases do they treat? And how does Augmentin 2 differ from other antibiotics?

How does Augmentin 2 differ from other antibiotics?

Antibiotics are substances that can selectively kill microorganisms causing disease. The invention of antibiotics can be considered one of the most important in the history of mankind.

They helped save lives from numerous bacterial diseases.

Before the advent of these drugs, such diseases were considered incurable.

There are many types of antibacterial drugs.

• Beta-lactams. These include antibiotics penicillins and cephalosporins. Prescribed for diseases of the upper respiratory tract and genitourinary system. As a rule, they are well tolerated; side effects are rarely observed.
• Macrolides. These antibiotics are intended to treat diseases caused by the bacteria chlamydia and rickettsia (ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections). At correct use safe for children of any age and nursing women.
• Tetracyclines. This type of antibacterial drugs is prescribed to combat upper respiratory tract diseases and severe infections. Tetracycline antibiotics should be taken with great caution - side effects are very serious. They are also contraindicated for children under fourteen years of age.
• Aminoglycosides. This type is prescribed for sepsis and peritonitis. Very toxic. A side effect is intoxication of the body.
• Broad spectrum antibiotics. This type is considered the most prescribed among all types due to its versatility. But it is versatility that plays a role in the manifestation negative aspects: starting the fight with pathogenic bacteria, kill everything that gets in their way, including beneficial microflora. As a result, they can cause dysbiosis. Almost always prescribed with counter medications that support healthy microflora.

This, of course, is not the entire classification of antibiotics, but this knowledge will help you understand the prescribed drugs.

The pros and cons of antibiotic treatment

Like any method of drug treatment, antibiotics have two sides: positive and negative. What are they?

Good qualities:

• Faster than others medicines can lead to positive dynamics in treatment bacterial infections (purulent otitis media, sepsis, and others)
• Different types of antibiotics are prescribed for different diseases. That is, the direction of action of the drug is determined on a specific bacterium, which means that the entire body is not exposed to the action of the antibiotic.

Negative qualities:

• Unfortunately, this method of treatment is completely useless against viral diseases(ARVI, viral sore throat, flu)
• At long-term use Antibiotic dysbiosis cannot be avoided. Therefore, you should always take prebiotics and probiotics in parallel with a course of antibiotics.
• A huge list of side effects: from an allergic reaction to intoxication of the body.

It is precisely because of the presence of the negative effect of antibiotics on the body that you should not self-medicate and prescribe medications yourself.

Only a doctor is able to assess the benefits and harms of the prescribed drug, and prevent complications associated with the use and identification of side effects.

Augementin 2. Composition, release form, instructions for use

Augmentin 2

So, what kind of drug is Augmentin 2? How is it different from similar ones?

Augmentin 2 is a modern drug, an actual analogue of Ampicillin. However, significant difference clavulanic acid, which is part of the drug, is considered. It is this component that allows you to protect amoxicillin, preserve its physicochemical structure, and therefore its pharmacological effect.

Another advantage of Augmentin 2 is the variety of release forms and different dosages. The drug exists both in tablets and in powder form for the preparation of suspensions. And the different content of amoxicillin in the composition makes it possible to use different age groups patients. This factor allows it to be prescribed to both adults and children.

Like every antibiotic, Augmentin 2 has contraindications:

• for ampicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics
• Individual intolerance to the components included in the drug
• Liver dysfunction

In addition to contraindications, there are a number of reasons for refusing to use Augmentin 2 - these are side effects of the drug:

• Intestinal dysfunction (dysbacteriosis)
• Liver dysfunction (exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis)
• Allergic reactions in the form of a rash
• Nausea and

Augmentin 2, as an antibiotic based on amoxicillin, is prescribed mainly for diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia), ENT diseases (otitis, tonsillitis), diseases of the genitourinary system, and many others.

Augmentin 2 is the original drug with which the production of antibiotics in combination with clavulanic acid, the so-called protected ones, began. Currently, there are many analogues of this drug.

And yet it is worth remembering that the choice of antibiotic must be made by the doctor, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient and the indicators of all tests.

In the following video, a doctor’s review of the drug Augmentin:

It is perhaps difficult to find a doctor who has never prescribed Augmentin. Therapists, pediatricians, urologists, gynecologists, ENT doctors - doctors of all specializations cannot imagine their practice without this antibiotic. At the same time, in many protocols for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, Augmentin is included as a drug of choice, that is, recommended by the Ministry of Health.

Both patients and doctors perceive Augmentin as a modern antibacterial agent. Meanwhile, the drug has been on the market for decades.

The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which became the basis of Augmentin, was developed in 1977-1978 by scientists from the British company Beecham. A little later, in 1984, the pharmaceutical giant received a patent for the original Augmentin. Today, the drug continues to be produced by GlaxoSmithKline, Beecham's successor. WHO - World organization healthcare - included Augmentin in the list of vital drugs.

Before you continue reading: If you are looking for an effective method of getting rid of runny nose, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis or colds, then be sure to check out Book section of the site after reading this article. This information has helped so many people, we hope it will help you too! So, now back to the article.

The popularity of the drug around the world is so high that it is one of the ten best-selling antibiotics. Reviews from both patients and doctors about Augmentin are almost unanimous and only confirm the universal love for the drug.

Let's take a closer look: the composition and release forms of Augmentin

Augmentin contains two substances:

• amoxicillin;
• clavulanic acid.

Amoxicillin - semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic wide spectrum of action. It is practically an analogue of Ampicillin and differs only in minor structural changes in the chemical formula. Augmentin contains amoxicillin in the form of a trihydrate.

Clavulanic acid is a fermentation product of gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces clavuligerus. This substance is included in Augmentin in the form of a potassium salt.

Augmentin is distinguished by its richness of release forms. GlaxoSmithKline produces many different dosages of the drug. When indicating the dosage, the manufacturer indicates separately the dose of the antibiotic (first digit) and clavulanate (second digit). So, we list the forms of release of the drug registered in Russia:

• Augmentin in the form of a dry powder for the preparation of an oral suspension, which contains 200 mg + 28.5 mg in 5 ml of the finished drug;
• Augmentin powder containing 400 mg + 57 mg in 5 ml of ready suspension;
• An option in the form of a dry powder for the preparation of an oral suspension, which contains 125 mg + 31.25 mg in 5 ml of the finished drug;
• Augmentin ES powder for the preparation of a children's suspension, which contains 600 mg + 42.9 mg in 5 ml;
• Augmentin powder intended for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Tablets 500mg+125mg;
• Tablets 875 mg+125 mg;
• Augmentin tablets 250 mg + 125 mg.

Each tablet of the drug is coated with a film coating that protects active substances from the action of the aggressive hydrochloric acid environment of the stomach.

Sometimes doctors, when prescribing Augmentin, indicate the total dosage of the antibiotic and clavulanic acid. For example, you can often find a recipe with similar content: Tab.Augmentini 1000mg. Obviously, the doctor is referring to the antibiotic formulation containing 875 mg of Amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid. Both the first and second methods of indicating dosage are equally correct.

The wealth of release forms is another advantage

GlaxoSmithKline has mastered the production of such large quantity different forms of Augmentin, that the antibiotic can be easily selected for a patient of any age and weight. The search for new convenient doses continues to this day. Thus, relatively recently, a children's suspension Augmentin ES was registered, designed for the treatment of severe infections, as well as for older children. The drug has an almost adult dosage of active ingredients - 600 mg of Amoxicillin and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid.

I would like to note that the Augmentin package contains the exact number of tablets calculated for a full course of treatment. Thus, the minimum package of the drug contains 14 tablets and is designed for the treatment of uncomplicated infections. For long-term treatment, a release form of 20 tablets of Augmentin is intended at a dose of 625 mg and 400 mg.

When purchasing an Augmentin suspension, the dosage of which is correctly calculated based on the child’s weight, there is no doubt that the volume of the drug will be sufficient for the course of treatment. Sometimes parents are surprised to notice that on the third day of antibiotic therapy, only a small amount of the medicine remains in the bottle. In such cases, most likely, the release form was chosen incorrectly, and it was necessary to buy a larger dosage of the drug.

Saving wisely, or Is it possible to divide an Augmentin tablet?

Some Augmentin tablets, in particular those with a dosage of 500 mg (675 mg including clavulanate), have a cross mark. Many patients believe that the risk is needed to split the tablets in order to reduce the dosage.

Of course, from a savings point of view this is really beneficial. After all, the cost of, for example, Augmentin 250 mg tablets is much higher than half a 500 mg tablet. However, in fact, the manufacturer warns: the transverse mark is not applied at all to select a lower dosage. The risk in Augmentin tablets serves more of an aesthetic function. Splitting the tablet is strictly not recommended: then the film shell is destroyed, and the contents of the tablet can react with hydrochloric acid of the stomach.

In addition, pharmacists point out that when a tablet is broken into two parts, it is almost impossible to predict the content of active ingredients in the resulting halves. And the likelihood that both parts of the tablet will be equal in dosage is very slim.

Therefore, there is no need to philosophize. Fortunately, Augmentin is distinguished by its richness of release forms, and each patient, regardless of age and weight, can choose the right dosage.

Protection of Amoxicillin, or Why are clavulanates needed?

Indeed, many patients wonder what function does clavulanic acid perform? Why does the drug contain another substance?

The fact is that during the use of antibacterial drugs, many microorganisms have learned to resist the effects of drugs. Cunning bacteria, in an effort to continue their life activity, began to produce a special enzyme that destroys the antibiotic. Thus, penicillin and cephalosporin drugs containing a beta-lactam ring are inactivated by penicillinase, which is produced by some microorganisms.

Scientists discovered this ability of bacteria immediately after the creation of Amoxicillin. Soon an “antidote” was found, which turned out to be clavulanic acid. It is structurally similar to beta-lactam penicillins.

Clavulanic acid inactivates beta-lactamases (a group of enzymes that includes penicillinase), blocking the active sites of these enzymes.

So, clavulanic acid in the composition of antibacterial drugs acts as a protector. It does not allow bacteria to destroy the antibiotic and thus preserves its physicochemical structure, and, consequently, its pharmacological effect.

I would like to note that not all microorganisms produce penicillinase. Therefore, pure, unprotected Amoxicillin is still successfully used to treat diseases caused by sensitive bacteria.

Augmentin: spectrum of activity and pharmacological action

Many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to the action of Augmentin, including:

• Staphylococcus aureus, including strains that produce beta-lactamase;
• streptococcus;
• Neisseria, the causative agent of gonorrhea;
• Escherichia coli, including those producing beta-lactamase;
• enterobacteria;
• Klebsiella;
• Moraxella;
• Proteus.

Separately, we note that methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which cause dangerous nosocomial infections, are insensitive to Augmentin.

The mechanism of action of Amoxicillin is extremely simple. Antibiotic blocks synthesis cell wall sensitive microorganism and thus has a bactericidal effect.

Only one active ingredient in Augmentin has a pharmacological effect - amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid does not have an antibacterial effect.

Bioavailability of Augmentin before and after meals: when is it better to take an antibiotic?

The complex of Amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate is well absorbed. Already an hour after oral administration, the blood contains the maximum concentration of the antibiotic.

Speed ​​of absorption and distribution of the main active substance- Amoxicillin - the same regardless of food intake. However, for potassium clavulanate, the dosage regimen still matters. IN clinical trials It has been found that the absorption of clavulanic acid is much higher when taken with food than on an empty stomach.

GlaxoSmithKline scientists conducted studies to study the pharmacokinetics of the drug. It was found that the relative bioavailability of Augmentin is significantly reduced when orally drug 30 and 150 minutes after breakfast with high content fat

Based on a study of pharmacodynamics, uniform recommendations for taking Augmentin tablets and suspensions for children were developed. So, in order to maximum doses the drug has reached its destination, the medicine should be taken at the beginning of a meal.

Indications for use: when will Augmentin help?

Indications for taking Augmentin are inflammatory diseases caused by pathogens sensitive to Amoxicillin. We have already mentioned that Augmentin is the drug of choice for the treatment of many infectious pathologies. Let's try to list the main indications for the use of this truly powerful antibiotic:

• upper respiratory tract infections, in particular, bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi), bronchopneumonia (simultaneous inflammation of the bronchi and lungs), pneumonia (pneumonia), lung abscesses (ulcers);
• infections of the oropharynx: bacterial tonsillitis (angina), pharyngitis, stomatitis;
• ENT infections: otitis media, sinusitis (article “Antibiotics for sinusitis”);
• skin infections: bacterial furunculosis and other pathologies caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli;
• infections of the genitourinary system: cystitis (inflammation Bladder), pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), urethritis (inflammation of the urethra - urethra);
• infections of the pelvic organs, including after childbirth, abortion and other interventions;
• sexually transmitted diseases: gonorrhea, syphilis;
• postoperative infections;
• osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone tissue.

Application of Augmentin: special instructions

First of all, I would like to emphasize that Augmentin is the gold standard in the treatment of diseases of the oropharynx, upper and lower respiratory tract, caused mainly by gram-positive microorganisms. Moreover, the spectrum of the drug is so wide that it can cover almost all pathogenic microorganisms.

Unfortunately, many therapists like to “hide behind” two or even three antibiotics. Often vigilant doctors play it safe in this way during outpatient and even inpatient treatment of pneumonia. As a result, the treatment regimen for uncomplicated pneumonia takes on a “multi-story look” and contains several antibiotics, including Augmentin. At the same time, combinations of injectable and tablet forms of various antibacterial drugs look especially impressive.

Patients do not even suspect that correctly selected Augmentin does not require the addition of another antibiotic. The activity of Amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae (the main causative agent of pneumonia) is significantly higher than that of Ampicillin and Benzylpenicillin. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases of pneumonia caused by strains with intermediate sensitivity to Ampicillin and Benzylpenicillin, amenable to monotherapy with Augmentin.

When treating infections of the urogenital tract (inflammation of the kidneys, bladder, pelvic organs), fluoroquinolone antibiotics are still considered the drugs of choice. However, medications in this group are contraindicated for use in children. Therefore, Augmentin can be used in pediatric practice for such infections.

Suspension or syringe: why do we torture children?

Many patients believe that the effectiveness of an antibiotic administered by injection is higher than that of oral forms - tablets or suspension. Apparently, this opinion has been ingrained in the heads of mainly our compatriots since the times of Soviet medicine. Back then, doctors really preferred parenteral antibiotics, and there was some common sense in this. Oral forms of those years were characterized by low bioavailability. A striking example is Ampicillin, which is only 40% absorbed. And it is eliminated very quickly, which is why the tablets have to be taken four times a day.

Since then, the pharmaceutical industry has come a long way. So far that oral antibiotics have appeared, the bioavailability of which approaches the indicators injection forms. Simply put, modern antibiotics in tablets or suspensions are no “weaker” than injections. And sometimes even the opposite.

The problem is that the vast majority of patients and even a certain number of doctors stuck in the past do not know about this. Or they don't want to know. And in such situations, a modern drama plays out with the participation of parents, a doctor and, of course, the victim - the child.

Parents ask the local pediatrician to prescribe “injections” in order to cure their child quickly and for sure. Doctors, to please worried mothers, describe terrible dilution schemes for adult doses of injectable antibiotics. Mothers, armed with a syringe and a jar of alcohol, examine the child’s bottom and look for the treasured upper left quadrant. And at this time the child calls all his relatives for help and receives unchildlike stress. In general, the picture is impressive.

Meanwhile, in the vast majority of infectious diseases, the action of modern tablet antibiotics is sufficient to achieve maximum possible effect. Injections, including Augmentin, are used only for very severe diseases: post-surgical inflammatory processes, hospital-acquired infections, as well as for pathologies associated with immunosuppression.

Augmentin children's suspension has not only high bioavailability, but also another important quality for a child - a pleasant taste. Therefore, let's start breaking stereotypes and treating our children effectively, safely and even pleasantly. And with the help of Augmentin suspension as well.

The correct dosage for children is the basis for successful treatment with Augmentin

According to the instructions for use of Augmentin in children, the dosage of the drug depends on the age of the child.

— Infants up to three months

In children of this age, the urinary system does not yet function fully, as a result of which the elimination (removal) of standard doses of Augmentin may be difficult. Therefore, the recommended dosage of the drug is 30 milligrams per kilogram of weight per day. The frequency of administration is twice a day, that is, every 12 hours.

It is most convenient to buy a children's suspension of Augmentin containing 125 mg of Amoxicillin.

— Children over three months old

Starting at this age, the doctor can prescribe two options for children's suspension:

1. Augmentin 200 mg in 5 ml and Augmentin 400 mg in 5 ml are used twice a day, every 12 hours.

2. Augmentin 125 mg in 5 ml and Augmentin 250 mg in 5 ml are used three times a day - every 8 hours.

Most experts prefer to use suspensions with a 12-hour action. It is assumed that these dosage forms are much less likely to cause diarrhea than the 8-hour Augmentin suspension.

However, it should be borne in mind that Augmentin 200 mg and 400 mg suspensions contain aspartame, so they are prohibited for use in patients suffering from phenylketonuria.

Let's try to figure out how to calculate the dose of children's Augmentin.

The instructions for use indicate that:

• 12-hour pediatric suspensions of Augmentin are dosed at the rate of 45 mg/kg of body weight for severe infections and 25 mg/kg for less severe ones;
• 8-hour suspensions of Augmentin are designed for 40 mg/kg in severe cases and 20 mg/kg in mild cases.

Under the concept " severe infections“Experts mean otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia), sinusitis and diseases with severe intoxication and vivid symptoms.

Let's give an example. If the child weighs 8 kg, then for moderate bronchitis he will need 200 mg of Augmentin per day, divided into two doses. Based on the fact that 5 ml of the finished suspension contains 200 mg of antibiotic, the child should receive 2.5 ml of the drug every 12 hours.

— Children weighing 40 kg and above

For older children, Augmentin is dosed in accordance with adult recommendations.

In conclusion of the description of standard dosages of Augmentin, I would like to note the importance of competent consultation with a doctor. Despite the sometimes detailed description of calculating the pediatric dose in instructions or articles about Augmentin, it is best not to engage in amateur activities with the selection of dosages, but to give the reins to a specialist. Only a doctor can adequately assess the severity of your child’s illness and choose the right dose antibiotic. Remember this and do not overestimate your capabilities. Also, always check the instructions provided directly with the medicine.

Augmentin: adult dosages

With dosages for adults, the situation is much simpler. However, here too the severity of the disease must be taken into account.

The instructions for use of Augmentin tablets describe that the standard adult dose includes 500 mg of the drug every 12 hours or 250 mg every 8 hours.

To treat more serious illnesses and lower respiratory tract infections, the dose of Augmentin is increased to 875 mg every 12 hours or 500 mg every 8 hours.

Adults who have difficulty swallowing a whole tablet can take a 125 mg or 250 mg suspension instead of Augmentin 500 mg. Tablets at a dose of 875 mg are replaced in such cases with a suspension of Augmentin containing 200 or 400 mg of antibiotic.

Rules for preparing Augmentin suspension: translating instructions from medical into Russian

Augmentin children's suspension is sold in the form of a dry powder, from which parents must prepare the final product themselves. Many mothers and fathers who are unfamiliar with pharmaceutical activities, even after carefully studying the instructions for Augmentin, are afraid to make mistakes in this delicate matter - making a medicine.

Let's try to figure out how to prepare the suspension. But first, let us remember that Augmentin is a very high-quality original drug. And this quality is manifested in literally everything, from packaging to efficiency. That's why preparing medicine is a pleasure.

To obtain a suspension, we need cool boiled or highly purified water. So, first, let's look at the bottle itself. There is a cross mark on its label. It shows the level to which the finished Augmentin suspension should reach.

The preparation of any suspension is carried out in two stages:

• dilution in half the volume of solvent. To do this, you need to pour approximately 1/2 of the water (relative to the mark) and try to distribute the powder as much as possible by vigorously shaking the bottle;
• final dilution. At this stage, you need to add water to the mark, shake well and the cooking process can be considered complete.

As you can see, everything is actually very simple. The only subtlety of preparation is to accurately measure the required volume of water. The final dosage of the medicine depends on this. If the solvent does not reach the mark, the concentration of the antibiotic in the suspension will exceed the norm. If we do not spare water and, in a fit of generosity, pour it above the mark, we will get a “diluted” Augmentin suspension, the dose of which is lower than necessary.

Both the first and second errors affect the effectiveness and outcome of treatment.

Augmentin suspension - where to store and how to take?

Suspensions and emulsions are two-phase systems. Take a closer look at the finished Augmentin suspension: the powder does not dissolve, but is simply distributed in water. Don't worry - it's not your inability to prepare medicine. It's just that Amoxicillin, like most other antibiotics, is completely insoluble in water.

Therefore, one of the main tasks of a parent who treats a child with an antibiotic suspension is to follow the rule of taking a two-phase medication. The amount of active substance that enters the body ultimately depends on the relative homogeneity of the suspension.

So, how to take Augmentin suspension correctly? There is nothing simpler: immediately before use, the bottle of medicine must be shaken vigorously.

Keep ready suspension Agumentin needs to be refrigerated. Let us emphasize the word “ready”. If you bought the drug in advance, then an ordinary shelf in a closed cabinet is enough for Augmentin powder to retain its properties.

If at the end of treatment some amount of the medicine remains unused, you should not leave it “just in case.” Augmentin suspension can be stored for about three weeks, after which the antibiotic is destroyed.

Penicillin allergy: don't miss it!

The main contraindication to taking Augmentin is an allergic reaction to penicillin antibiotics.

During post-marketing studies of Augmentin, which have been ongoing for about 30 years, a number of rather severe cases of individual hypersensitivity to the drug have been reported. They manifested themselves as an anaphylactic reaction to the penicillin antibiotic Amoxicillin.

I would like to reassure patients who until now knew nothing about allergies. All cases of an individual reaction to Augmentin occurred in patients with allergies to penicillin drugs or other allergens in quantities of more than two.

In addition, the cross-sensitivity of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics should be taken into account. If the patient has a history of allergies to, say, ceftriaxone, then the likelihood of a reaction to Augmentin is very high. In such situations, it’s definitely not worth taking risks - it’s much easier and safer to choose an antibiotic from a different group.

Contraindications to treatment with Augmentin

Let's try to list the main contraindications to taking Augmentin:

• allergic reaction to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics;
• history of liver dysfunction during treatment with Augmentin (i.e., with previous appointment drug);
• individual intolerance to Augmentin components;
• Infectious mononucleosis. The erroneous prescription of penicillins for this disease (note, a viral disease) leads to the appearance of a characteristic rash.

During pregnancy and lactation, Augmentin is allowed conditionally. This very vague phrase means only that a sufficient amount clinical trials There have been no studies studying the effect of the drug on the course of pregnancy. The drug, without a doubt, penetrates the placental barrier and into breast milk.

However, due to the extremely low toxicity and wide spectrum of action of Augmentin, this particular antibiotic is the drug of choice in the treatment of many infectious diseases in both pregnant and lactating women.

Side effects of Augmentin: what can you expect?

Let's try to list the main adverse events that may occur during or after a course of treatment with Augmentin:

- intestinal dysfunction

The so-called “dysbacteriosis” that doctors and pharmacists scare us with sometimes actually develops after taking antibiotics. In medicine, this phenomenon is usually called pseudomembranous colitis. The reason for this complication is that antibiotic treatment can alter the normal intestinal flora. In this case, opportunistic microorganisms can begin to multiply intensively and produce toxins.

Research shows that the main cause of antibiotic-associated colitis is a toxin produced by clostridia. Diarrhea, which is most often the only symptom of a complication, may have varying degrees severity: from mild in most cases to severe. The latter is most often recorded in patients suffering from immunodeficiency.

On average, antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurs in 9% of patients taking Augmentin.

- liver dysfunction

The negative effect of Augmentin on the functioning of the liver and biliary tract is recorded in less than 5% of cases. Moreover, in most patients, the function of the hepatobiliary system is restored independently after discontinuation of the antibiotic.

Severe disorders that manifest as damage to liver tissue have been reported in isolated cases. For example, GlaxoSmithKline confirms information about one death as a result of the hepatotoxic effect of Augmentin. However, we hasten to reassure patients who have taken their hearts to heart. The probability of such a reaction is approaching zero - it is possible in only one out of 4,000,000 patients!

However, in order to avoid complications, during long-term treatment with Augmentin, experts recommend periodically monitoring liver function.

- allergic dermatitis

The probability of developing dermatological rashes during Augmentin therapy is 3%. As a rule, these symptoms do not require discontinuation of the antibiotic and disappear upon completion of treatment.

- nausea and vomiting

Some patients experience dyspeptic symptoms associated with taking Augmentin: nausea (in 3% of patients) and vomiting (in 1%). To reduce the likelihood of these side effects, you need to follow the rules for taking Augmentin and take the medicine at the beginning of meals.

Augmentin analogues: a choice that boggles the imagination

As we have already mentioned, Augmentin is an original drug. It was with him that the era of protected Amoxicillin began. Therefore, its quality and safety are beyond doubt.

However, this does not mean that generics, that is, analogues of Augmentin, work worse or cause more side effects. After all, each analogue is tested for bioequivalence. An ideal generic has the same similarity to the original as two identical drugs from different series. And the price of the analogue is almost always lower than the brand drug.

So, let's try to list the most common analogues of Augmentin. And let's start, of course, with the highest quality ones:

• Amoxiclav is a Slovak analogue of Augmentin;
• Flemoclav is an orally dispersible form of protected Amoxicillin, which is characterized by very high bioavailability and ease of administration. There is no doubt about the quality of the Dutch manufacturer of this drug, Astellas;
• Medoclav, produced by the Cyprus company MEDOCHEMIE LTD;
• Panclave is a fairly economical and at the same time high-quality generic product produced by the European company Hemofarm.

Separately, I would like to list Indian analogues of Augmentin. These drugs belong to the cheaper segment of the market. On the Russian market you can find more often than others:

• Ranklav;
• Rapiklav;
• Amoxicomb.

Russian generics meet quality standards and are favorably priced. The most common among them are:

• Arlet (manufacturer: AKO Sintez);
• Ecoclave produced by Avva Rus OJSC;
• Klamosar, which is produced by Saransk JSC Biokhimik.

As you can see, the choice is really wide. Nevertheless, it is still better to leave the right to make a decision to a specialist: the attending physician or pharmacist.