Composition of glucose for intravenous administration. Solution for parenteral nutrition. Contraindications for use

Instructions for medical use medicine

Glucose

Tradename

International nonproprietary name

Dextrose

Dosage form

Solution for infusion 5%

1 l solution contains

active substance - glucose 50 g,

excipients: sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid 0.1 M, water for injection.

Description

Transparent, colorless or slightly yellowish liquid, sweetish taste

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Plasma replacement and perfusion solutions. Other irrigation solutions

ATS code В05СХ01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

Despite big sizes molecules of dextrose in relation to molecules of salts, including organic ones, it quickly leaves the vascular bed. From intercellular space Dextrose penetrates into the cells, facilitated by an additional release of insulin, and is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. It is completely absorbed by the body and is not excreted by the kidneys (excessive concentrations of dextrose in the blood, part of the drug is excreted by the kidneys).

Pharmacodynamics

Carbohydrate nutrition product. Glucose is involved in various metabolic processes in the body, enhances redox processes in the body, improves the antitoxic function of the liver, and covers part of the body’s energy costs.

Infusion of glucose solutions quickly replenishes water deficiency. Glucose, entering tissues, is phosphorylated, turning into glucose-6-phosphate, which is actively involved in many parts of the body’s metabolism.

A 5% glucose solution has a detoxifying and metabolic effect and is a source of easily digestible nutrient. When glucose is metabolized in tissues, a significant amount of energy is released, which is necessary for the functioning of the body.

Indications for use

Hypoglycemia, carbohydrate deficiency

Rapid replenishment of fluid volume during cellular, extracellular and

general dehydration

As a component of blood replacement and anti-shock fluids

To prepare solutions for intravenous administration

Directions for use and doses

For adults

Subcutaneously (up to 500 ml), intravenous drip at a rate of 7 ml/min (150 drops/min), maximum daily dose 2000 ml. Also used intravenously in a stream of 10-50 ml, rectally in enemas of 300-500 ml.

In adults with normal metabolism, the daily intake of glucose should not exceed 4 - 6 g/kg/day, i.e. about 250 - 450 g / day (with a decrease in metabolic rate, the daily dose is reduced to 200 -300 g), while the volume of injected liquid is 30-40 ml / kg / day.

For children parenteral nutrition along with fats and amino acids, 6 g/kg/day is administered on the first day, subsequently up to 15 g/kg/day. When calculating the dose, the permissible volume of administered fluid should be taken into account: for children with a body weight of 2-10 kg - 100- 165 ml/kg/day, for children weighing 10-40 kg - 45-100 ml/kg/day.

The duration of drug administration should be carried out under the control of glucose concentration in the blood serum. For more complete and rapid absorption of glucose, insulin is sometimes administered simultaneously (4-5 units per skin).

Side effects

Hyperglycemia

Fever

Hypervolemia

At the injection site: mild pain, thrombophlebitis

With repeated administration of glucose solution, problems may occur. functional state liver and depletion of the insular apparatus of the pancreas.

Infection, thrombophlebitis, and tissue necrosis in case of hemorrhage may develop at the injection site. Such reactions may be caused by decomposition products arising after autoclaving, or occur due to incorrect administration of the drug. To prevent side effects in patients, it is necessary to carefully observe the dose and technique of administering the drug.

Intravenous use may lead to disturbances in electrolyte metabolism, including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug

Hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus

Hyperlactic acidemia

Overhydration

Postoperative disorders of glucose utilization

Circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema

Cerebral edema, pulmonary edema

Acute left ventricular failure

Hyperosmolar coma

Drug interactions

There may be unseen chemical or therapeutic incompatibilities. When adding other drugs to the solution, it is necessary to visually monitor compatibility.

special instructions

Use with caution in decompensated chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure(oligo-anuria), hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus. Cannot be used in conjunction with ACD preserved blood. Infusion of large volumes of glucose may be dangerous in patients who have big loss electrolytes.

Follow electrolyte balance! To increase osmolarity, a 5% glucose solution can be combined with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Monitoring blood glucose levels is necessary.

For more complete and rapid absorption of glucose, you can inject 4 - 5 units of insulin subcutaneously, at the rate of 1 unit of insulin per 4 - 5 g of glucose.

Pregnancy and lactation

Can be used according to indications.

Features of the influence on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Does not affect

Overdose

Symptoms: hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma, hyperhydration, water-electrolyte imbalance.

Treatment: in case of overdose, the drug should be discontinued and symptomatic therapy. If there is a significant increase in blood glucose, administer insulin therapy. In case of overhydration, treat with osmotic diuretics. In severe heart failure, edema can be eliminated with dialysis.

Release form and packaging

Solution for infusion 5%. 100 ml each; 200ml; 250ml; 400ml and 500ml in glass and polypropylene bottles for infusion solutions,

sealed with rubber stoppers made of rubber (ONB 005-01-5-15) and crimped with aluminum caps (ONB 004-01-6-25) in cardboard boxes along with instructions for use in the state and Russian languages.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature of +15° -+30°C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

Do not use after expiration date

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

JSC "Huashidan", China

No.45, Henan East Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang

Address of the organization that accepts claims from consumers regarding the quality of products (goods) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In what dosage is 5% glucose prescribed? The instructions for this tool are described below. Also presented below are its properties, indications and methods of use.

Shape, packaging

5% glucose, the instructions for which are described below, contains dextrose monohydrate. This is an infusion drug produced in glass containers, plastic containers, as well as in polymer bags packed in a paper pack.

Properties of the drug

How does 5% glucose work? The instructions state that this remedy takes part in the metabolism in the body, and also enhances reductive and oxidative processes, improves the antitoxic functioning of the liver and increases the contractile activity of the heart.

It should also be said that the infusion of such a solution partially compensates for the H2O deficiency. Entering the tissues of the body, dextrose is phosphorylated and converted into glucose-six-phosphate, which is included in the main metabolic components of the human body.

Features of the medicine

What is remarkable about 5 percent glucose? The instructions say it has metabolic and detoxifying effects, and also represents an essential source of easily digestible and valuable nutrients.

During the metabolism of dextrose in tissues, it produces great amount energy, which is essential for normal operation body.

The solution in question is isotonic. His energy value is equal to 200 kcal/l, and the approximate osmolarity is 278 mOsm/l.

Kinetics

How does the absorption of a solution such as 5% glucose occur? The instructions (this drug is prescribed to newborns only according to indications) states that dextrose is metabolized through lactate and pyruvate to water with the subsequent release of energy.

This solution is completely absorbed and is not excreted by the kidneys (observation in urine is a pathology).

Additional pharmacokinetic properties of this drug are determined by the agents added to it.

Indications for administration of the solution

For what purpose can patients be prescribed 5% glucose? The instructions (children and adults are recommended to use this drug for the same indications) states that this drug is used in the following cases:

• with extracellular isotonic dehydration;
• as a source of carbohydrates;
• for the purpose of diluting and transporting parenterally administered drugs (that is, as a base solution).

Prohibitions to introduce

In what cases should patients not be prescribed 5% glucose? The instructions (for cats this remedy should only be recommended by an experienced veterinarian) speaks of such contraindications as:

• decompensated diabetes mellitus;
• hyperglycemia;
• decreased glucose tolerance (including during metabolic stress);
• hyperlactic acidemia.

Glucose is prescribed with caution for decompensated heart failure chronic type, hyponatremia, chronic renal failure (with oliguria and anuria).

Glucose 5 percent: instructions

For dogs and other pets this drug prescribed on an individual basis, strictly according to indications. The same goes for people.

Isotonic solution dextrose should be injected into a vein with maximum speed up to 150 drops per minute. The recommended dosage for adult patients is 500-3000 ml per day.

For infants weighing up to 10 kg, this medication is prescribed at 100 ml/kg per day. It is not recommended to exceed the indicated dosages.

People with diabetes should administer dextrose only under control of its content in the urine and blood.

Side effects

At correct use the means in question unwanted reactions unlikely. In some cases, it causes the development of hyperglycemia, fever, hypervolemia, acute left ventricular failure and polyuria.

Local reactions in the form of thrombophlebitis, infection, bruising and local pain may also occur.

Special Information

IN veterinary practice the use of isotonic glucose solution is very popular. This drug is actively used to replenish the body of animals with fluid and nutrients.

As a rule, this drug is prescribed to cats, dogs, sheep and other animals with significant fluid loss, intoxication, shock, poisoning, liver disease, hypotension, gastrointestinal diseases, atony, acetonemia, gangrene, cardiac decompensation, hemoglobinuria and other conditions .

For exhausted and weak animals, the solution in question is prescribed as an energy drug.

Dosage of the drug and method of administration

Pets are given a 5% glucose solution intravenously or subcutaneously. In this case, adhere to the following dosages:

• cats - 7-50 ml;
• horses - 0.7-2.45 l;
• dogs - 0.04-0.55 l;
• - 0.08-0.65 l;
• pigs - 0.3-0.65 l;
• large cattle- 0.5-3 l.

When administered subcutaneously, the indicated dose is divided into several injections, which are given in different places.

Farm group:

Release form: Liquid dosage forms. Injection.

General characteristics. Compound:

Pharmacological properties:

Indications for use:

Directions for use and dosage:

Features of application:

Interaction with other drugs:

Contraindications:

Overdose:

Storage conditions:

Best before date. 5 years. Do not use the drug after the expiration date indicated on the package. Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 ºС. Keep out of the reach of children.

Vacation conditions:

On prescription

Package:

10 ml or 20 ml in an ampoule. 5 or 10 ampoules per pack. 5 ampoules in a blister, 1 or 2 blisters in a pack.

Glucose is available in the form of an isotonic solution and also in the form of a hypertonic solution. The first is needed in order to restore the functioning of our organs and to enrich the body with fluid. The second is necessary to improve metabolism and liver function, increase diuresis, dilate blood vessels, etc. it is prescribed in the form of injections, intravenously, less often intramuscularly. It is also taken in combination with other medications, and some people (athletes, for example) prefer to drink it.

Who needs glucose: indications, contraindications

Indications for the use of dextrose solution (this is another name for this drug) are quite varied.

Glucose in the form of injections or droppers is prescribed for problems such as:

• Decreased blood sugar levels (also known as hypoglycemia);
• Infections;
• Decreased pumping functions of the heart;
• Liver dystrophy and other diseases;
• Physical exhaustion;
• Poisoning with alcohol and other poisons;
• Hepatitis;
• Pulmonary edema;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Prostration;
• Blood loss;
• Pressure drop;
• some other indications

Also, a glucose drip is prescribed if you need to introduce cardiac glycosides or other medications into the body, or if you are dehydrated.

Glucose is contraindicated in diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia, as well as overhydration, hypersmolar coma and hyperlactic acidemia. In case of heart failure and oral anuria, glucose solution can be used with caution.

Droppers

The isotonic solution is administered subcutaneously from 300 to 500 ml. Administration through enemas or drips (intravenously) is also possible. In this case, the patient should receive about 2 liters per day. solution. A five percent isotonic dextrose solution is injected using a dropper into a vein or under the skin or rectum when severe blood loss, dehydration or shock. In this case, you need to administer from 300-400 ml to a liter or two in 24 hours. If the solution is five percent, an instillation rate of up to 7 ml is suitable. per minute, if ten percent, the speed should be three milliliters per minute.

Other routes of administration

Isotonic solution in pure form administered intravenously in combination with a solution of ascorbic acid. The volume of the solution is 30-50 ml. A one percent solution of methylene blue is administered to victims of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. It is not recommended to administer glucose intramuscularly, as inflammation may occur. subcutaneous tissue and purulent foci. Intravenous injections have the same indications as droppers, but they are prescribed if slow and gradual administration of glucose is not required and no additional medications. An injection into a vein with glucose is no different from others intravenous injections. In order for it to be successful, you need to find a “working vein” on your arm and thoroughly disinfect everything.

Hypertonic solution administered intravenously and in combination with insulin, ascorbic acid or thiamine. It is administered in 25-50 ml doses. at once. Indications for administration are as follows:

• hypoglycemia;
• infections during which intoxication occurs;
• liver and heart diseases;
• various poisonings.

You can also drink glucose solution during training, but not before it.

Side effects

An isotonic solution can cause overhydration, disorders water-salt balance, fiber necrosis, blood clots and phlebitis. Rarely, but still there are fevers and hypervolemia. Sometimes weight gain (for example, due to fluid accumulation) and increased appetite are possible. But in any case, the dosage should only be agreed upon with a doctor.

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To replenish energy in the body, nourish tissues and organs, it is necessary to receive fats, carbohydrates, proteins, microelements, and vitamins from food. Main energy component are carbohydrates, including natural glucose, galactose, raffinose, starch. Often when increased loads Glucose tablets are prescribed; it can be used as a detoxifying agent, but there are contraindications to the medicine - cerebral edema, diabetes mellitus.

Glucose tablets

The carbohydrate is a colorless, odorless crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, with a sweet taste. Glucose is sold in pharmacies in the form of tablets and powder for oral administration. For parenteral use, solutions are intended with a concentration of the active component of 5, 10, 20, 40% in glass or plastic containers of 200, 250, 400, 500, 1000 ml, which are used for infusion (using droppers), or in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml – for intravenous administration.

Composition and release form

The tablets have sweet taste, White color, rounded shape, flat surface with beveled edges and a dividing strip. Active ingredient is dextrose monohydrate. The composition of glucose and other components in one tablet is presented in the table:

pharmachologic effect

Glucose (dextrose) is a monosaccharide. It is found in the juice of grapes and other berries, so it received an additional name - grape sugar. Glucose units consist of disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose) and oligosaccharides (cellulose, starch, glycogen). IN digestive tract complex saccharides break down to glucose and fructose. As a monosaccharide, the substance is present in the blood, lymph, brain, skeletal muscles and myocardium.

Glycogen deposited in the body also serves as a source of energy - it is broken down into dextrose if necessary. Regulation of the balance of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide is carried out using enzymes. Insulin reduces the level of glucose in the blood, and its antagonists increase the concentration of sugar: glucagon, adrenaline, thyroxine, triiodothyronine. In case of disruption of the endocrine or central nervous system An excessive increase in sugar levels may occur and hyperglycemia may occur, or sharp drop its concentration is hypoglycemia.

Dextrose is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and affects metabolic processes:

1. Glucose in the body is necessary for the complete breakdown of fats; in case of deficiency, substances accumulate fatty acid(acidosis, ketosis is observed).
2. In the process of glucose metabolism, adenosine triphosphoric acid is formed, which is the body's source of energy.
3. A hypertonic dextrose solution is capable of: “squeezing” liquid into the bloodstream from organs and tissues, and with it, toxins and removing them from the body; increase the amount of urine; enhance the activity of the heart muscle; dilate blood vessels.
4. An isotonic solution can replace fluid loss.
5. The substance is used for carbohydrate nutrition of the brain and muscles - glucose absorption occurs quickly, mental and physical performance increases.

Why is Glucose useful?

The properties of the substance have a positive effect on metabolic processes used in the treatment of ailments. Pregnant women are prescribed dextrose if they suspect a small fetus, as well as to reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. During this period, it helps to overcome fatigue and improve well-being when sugar levels drop and hands tremble. During pregnancy and lactation, while using the drug, it is necessary to constantly monitor sugar levels. According to the instructions, the drug is prescribed:

• with carbohydrate deficiency, with hypoglycemia;
• in case of intoxication due to liver disease (hepatitis);
• for the treatment of poisoning;
• with decompensation of cardiac activity;
• to replenish fluid after surgery, with diarrhea or vomiting;
• with shock, collapse (sharp drop in pressure).

How to drink glucose

Glucose tablets should be taken orally sublingually - by resorption under the tongue. The drug should be taken an hour or an hour and a half before eating, because the use of dextrose reduces appetite. The dosage depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient. You cannot prescribe the drug yourself, as there are a number of contraindications for use.

In case of poisoning

The drug is used as a detoxifying agent. During the treatment of poisoning with hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, carbon monoxide, aniline, paracetamol, along with other drugs to improve the patient's condition, glucose tablets are prescribed. The drug is effective against intoxication of the body due to liver dysfunction. Patients are recommended to take 2-3 tablets at intervals of 2 hours until the condition improves.

For diabetes

Due to severe emotional stress or acceptance large dose insulin, if the required intervals between meals are not observed in diabetes mellitus, it can occur a sharp decline sugar level. To normalize it, you need to take chewable tablets. In case of severe hypoglycemia, you should take 1-2 pieces every 5 minutes until weakness, sweating, and trembling disappear.

For milder conditions, take 3-4 tablets every 30 minutes. Stop taking dextrose once it disappears characteristic features. It is important not to confuse the symptoms of hypoglycemia with signs characteristic of hyperglycemia and monitor the sugar concentration using devices. IN otherwise will happen sharp increase its level, the patient’s condition will worsen and shock may occur.

Glucose for athletes

Athletes are prescribed tablets during periods of increased physical activity- during intense training. Dextrose is necessary for the muscles of athletes to quickly replenish the body's energy reserves. You should not take the drug before training, because there will be an increase in insulin levels, and then a sharp drop in sugar concentration. It is better to use the drug 1-2 hours before physical activity. To take, dissolve 7 tablets of 1 gram each in a liter of water and drink 4 glasses of liquid at one-minute intervals.

Glucose for children

Often, children are prescribed tablets along with taking ascorbic acid. With this combination of drugs, the synthesis of corticosteroids is enhanced, so you need to monitor kidney function, blood pressure, insulin levels. Daily norm for a child over 6 years old is no more than 500 mg of dextrose. This dose can be divided into 3-5 doses. In children, with high energy expenditures in the body, there is a sharp decrease in sugar levels, so fat begins to be broken down to obtain energy, and acetone is formed.

Such conditions may be accompanied by vomiting. When acetone appears, the child is given several tablets at once and drinking plenty of fluids. Children under 3 years of age are not prescribed tableted glucose - they need to be given ready-made 5% solutions or dissolve the drug in water themselves. You should not give your baby sugary liquids before feeding because they may refuse milk.

Side effects

The instructions contain warnings about the possibility of side effects after taking dextrose. The use of the drug causes an increase in cholesterol levels, which can lead to the formation of blood clots and inflammation of the veins - thrombophlebitis. Rarely after taking the pills you may experience:

• decreased appetite;
• hypervolemia;
• left ventricular failure;
• nausea, thirst, dyspepsia, flatulence.

Overdose

If the norms recommended by the instructions are exceeded side effects are observed more often. At simultaneous administration Excessive doses of dextrose with ascorbic acid may cause headaches, increased excitability, damage to the mucosa gastrointestinal tract, bloating, rarely – insomnia. In case of an overdose of the drug, it is possible: a decrease in insulin synthesis, the onset of hyperglycemia; decreased appetite. In such conditions, it is necessary to stop taking dextrose and consult a doctor for a prescription. symptomatic treatment.

Contraindications

The instructions contain information about existing contraindications to taking the drug. Glucose should not be used if:

• individual intolerance to the contained components;
• hyperglycemia;
• diabetes mellitus;
• high level lactic acid;
• swelling of the brain or lungs;
• impaired glucose utilization after surgery;
• acute left ventricular heart failure.

Terms of sale and storage

Tablets are packaged in contour or cell-free blister packs of 10 pieces. Contour blisters can be placed in cardboard boxes with 1, 2, 5 plates per package. Tablets are sold to consumers in pharmacies without a prescription. The medicine can be stored without access to sunlight at temperatures below 25 degrees for no longer than 4 years from the date of issue.

Analogues

In pharmacies you can buy analogues of tableted glucose. Their active component is dextrose monohydrate, so the drugs have similar properties. Such means include:

• Glucose Bief;
• Glucose Brown;
• Glucose Vial;
• Glucose-E;
• Glucosteril;
• Dextrose;
• Dextrose monohydrate;
• Dextrose Vial;
• Licadex PF dextrose monohydrate.

Glucose tablet price

You can buy tablets at a pharmacy. It is convenient for the consumer to order delivery of the drug online. The cost of the medicine depends on the pricing policy of the retail chain and packaging. Prices for tablets in Moscow pharmacies are presented in the table:

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