Ethambutol side effects in adults. Ethambutol. Possible side effects in adults

We have selected real reviews about the drug Ethambutol, which are published by our users. Most often, reviews are written by mothers of young patients, but they also describe their personal history of using the drug on themselves.

Indications for use

Tuberculosis (combination therapy of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms).

Discussion of the drug Ethambutol in the posts of mothers

I injection) Lomefloxacin (tablets) Pyrazinamide (tablets) Prothionamide (tablets) Rifabutin (capsules) Rifampicin (capsules, powder for injection) Streptomycin (powder for injection) Ethambutol (tablets, dragees) Ethionamide (dragées) Antiviral agents Acyclovir (tablets, ointment , cream, powder for injection) Ganciclovir (capsules, powder for injection) Didanosine (tablets, powder for oral solution) Zidovudine (capsules, syrup, solution for injection) Indinavir (capsules) Ifavirenz (capsules) Lamivudine (tablets, solution for internal use ) Nevirapine (tablets, suspension) Stavudine (capsules, powder for oral solution) Antifungal agents...

Tromycin 3) tetracyclines 57 Doxycycline 4) fluoroquinolones 58 Norfloxacin 7. Antituberculosis drugs 59 Isoniazid 60 Metazide 61 Pyrazinamide 62 Rifampicin 63 Ethambutol 8. Antiprotozoal and antimalarial drugs 64 Chloroquine 9. Antitumor, immunosuppressive and concomitant drugs ing drugs 1) cytostatic drugs a) alkaloids and other herbal products 65 Vincristine b) alkylating agents 66 Melphalan 67 Chlorambucil 68 Cyclophosphamide c) antimetabolites 69 Hydroxycarbamide 70 Capecitabine 71 Methotrexate 72 Fluorouracil 2) antitumor antibiotics...

...ezny union). Group I (maximum activity) - isoniazid and rifampicin. Group II (medium-effective drugs) - streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin, cycloserine, as well as ethambutol, ethionamide, prothionamide, pyrazinamide. Group III (drugs of moderate effectiveness) - aminosalicylic acid, thioacetazone. Depending on preference. First-line drugs are the most effective and are considered mandatory components of any short-term course of chemotherapy. The drugs of choice are isoniazid and rifampicin. Additional drugs are pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin. Second-line drugs are clinically less effective and have more adverse reactions. Their n...

Response to drugs: rpoB - to rifampicin, katG, inhA, oxyR, ahpC, kasA - to isoniazid, rpsL - to streptomycin, gyrA - to fluoroquinolones, pncA - to pyrazinamide, embCAB - to ethambutol. Moreover, in most cases, the studied clinical isolates resistant to rifampicin turned out to be resistant to other anti-tuberculosis drugs. Thus, rifampicin resistance is a marker of...

Her treatment was prescribed to us because... many patients already have resistance to drugs (therefore, at least two types are prescribed). In our case, a consultation was held, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were prescribed, plus Revit, plus vitamin B6, while treatment is for three months, this week the control should be Diaskintest. I hope everything goes well. Why am I writing: when your child has a positive diaskintest, then this is NOT an allergy, take preventive measures, don’t be afraid, you will protect your child from the disease, or then, like us, you will suffer with treatment all your life and be afraid of the disease returning. It’s good if there is no stress and the child can cope on his own, but it can also develop into a serious form of illness...

capsules 250 mg; jar (jar) 250;

Compound
1 capsule contains ethambutol 250 mg; in jars of 250 pcs.

Pharmacodynamics of the drug Ethambutol

A chemotherapy agent that has a bacteriostatic effect on typical and atypical mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with rapid penetration into the cell, where lipid metabolism and RNA synthesis are disrupted, magnesium and copper ions bind, the structure of ribosomes and protein synthesis in bacterial cells are disrupted.
Affects intracellular and extracellular species of bacteria. About 1% of patients have primary drug resistance. Ethambutol is well absorbed in lung tissue and can reach concentrations 5-9 times higher than in blood serum, and penetrates well into many tissues and organs.
The intracellular concentration in erythrocytes is two times higher than in blood serum.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug Ethambutol

Ethambutol is quickly and 80% absorbed from the digestive tract. The minimum inhibitory concentration is 1 mg/ml.
After oral administration of a single dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, a Cmax in serum of 2-5 μg/ml is achieved after 2-4 hours; after 24 hours, the concentration is less than 1 μg/ml.
20-30% bound to plasma proteins.
Ethambutol is metabolized in the liver into dicarboxylic acid derivatives.
T1/2 is 3-4 hours, and in case of renal failure it is extended to 8 hours. Within 24 hours, more than 50% of the drug dose is excreted in the urine unchanged, and 8-15% in the form of inactive metabolites. About 20-22% of the initial dose of the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.
Ethambutol crosses the placenta. In the blood of the fetus, the concentration of ethambutol is approximately 30% of the concentration of the drug in the blood of the mother.

Use of the drug Ethambutol for impaired renal function

Contraindication: severe renal failure. For kidney diseases, the dose of the drug depends on the degree of renal failure, an indicator of which is CC.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Ethambutol

Inflammation of the optic nerve;
- cataract;
- diabetic retinopathy;
- inflammatory eye diseases;
- severe renal failure;
- gout:
- pregnancy;
- lactation,
- children under 13 years of age;
- increased sensitivity to the drug.

Side effects of the drug Ethambutol

Retrobulbar inflammation of the optic nerve, unilateral or bilateral (weakened visual acuity, impaired color perception, the presence of central or peripheral scotoma, limited visual field).
The occurrence of visual impairment depends on the duration of treatment and existing diseases of the eyeball. If they occur, treatment with ethambutol should be discontinued. Vision changes are usually reversible, disappearing after stopping treatment within a few weeks, or in some cases within a few months. In exceptional cases, changes in the eyeball are irreversible due to optic nerve atrophy.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, joint pain, fever, leukopenia.
Gastrointestinal disorders: metallic taste in the mouth, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, lack of appetite.
From the central nervous system: headaches and dizziness, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions.
From the urinary system: increased levels of uric acid in the blood serum, the phenomenon of uric acid diathesis.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug Ethambutol

Orally, once, 20-25 mg/kg/day or (adults only) - 50 mg/kg 1-2 times a week. For children - the highest single dose is 25 mg/kg/day.

Overdose of Ethambutol

Cases of overdose with ethambutol have not been described.
Measures in case of possible overdose: induce vomiting, perform gastric lavage.

Interactions of the drug Ethambutol with other drugs

Aluminum hydroxide reduces the absorption of ethambutol from the digestive tract.
Ethambutol alters the metabolism of some trace elements, mainly zinc.

Special instructions when taking Ethambutol

In patients with renal failure, the dose of ethambutol should be reduced due to the accumulation of the drug in the body.
Before starting treatment with ethambutol, ophthalmological monitoring should be carried out periodically: examination of the fundus, visual fields, visual acuity and color perception.
It is recommended to periodically monitor the functions of the liver, kidneys and general blood tests.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Due to the possibility of visual impairment (reduced visual acuity, limited visual field, color vision disturbance in relation to green and red), during treatment with ethambutol you should not drive cars or operate moving mechanical equipment.

Ethambutol - a new description of the drug, you can see the pharmacological action, side effects, prices in pharmacies for Ethambutol. Useful reviews about Ethambutol -

Second line anti-tuberculosis drug.
Drug: ETHAMBUTOL
Active substance of the drug: ethambutol
ATX coding: J04AK02
KFG: Anti-tuberculosis drug
Registration number: P No. 014625/01-2002
Registration date: 12/15/02
Owner reg. credential: SHREYA LIFE SCIENCES Pvt.Ltd. (India)

Ethambutol release form, drug packaging and composition.

Tablets are white or almost white, round, with a scoring line on one side, with beveled edges; at the fracture - from almost white to cream color. Tablets 1 tab. ethambutol hydrochloride 200 mg -“- 400 mg -“- 600 mg -“- 800 mg -“- 1 g
Excipients: starch, dibasic calcium phosphate, methylparaben, propylparaben, gelatin, purified talc, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium starch glycolate, purified water.
20 pcs. — strips (1) — cardboard packs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE.
All information provided is provided for information only about the drug; you should consult your doctor about the possibility of use.

Pharmacological action Ethambutol

Second line anti-tuberculosis drug. It has a bacteriostatic effect only on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including strains resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin, isoniazid, PAS and ethionamide. The mechanism of action has not been precisely established. Apparently, ethambutol, penetrating into mycobacteria, disrupts RNA synthesis. Active only against rapidly dividing bacteria. Resistance to ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops relatively slowly.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug.

After oral administration, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is 80%, the rest of the dose is excreted unchanged in the feces. Food intake has little effect on absorption. With a single dose of 25 mg/kg, the Cmax of ethambutol in blood plasma is reached after 4 hours and is 5 μg/ml; after 24 hours the concentration is less than 1 μg/ml.
Ethambutol is distributed in most tissues, including lungs, kidneys, and red blood cells. Penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid when the meninges are inflamed.
Ethambutol is partially metabolized in the liver to inactive aldehyde and dicarboxyl derivatives, which are excreted in the urine.
T1/2 is 3-4 hours. It is excreted mainly in the urine unchanged, 8-15% - in the form of inactive metabolites.

Indications for use:

All forms of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (as part of combination therapy).
MAS infection.

Dosage and method of administration of the drug.

Taken orally at a dose of 15-25 mg/kg 1 time/day, or 50 mg/kg 2 times a week, or 25-30 mg/kg 3 times a week.
Maximum doses: for adults - 2.5 mg/day.

Side effects of Ethambutol:

From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, depression, peripheral neuritis, retrobulbar neuritis, disturbances of color perception (mainly green and red), reduction of central and peripheral visual fields, the occurrence of scotomas.
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
From the musculoskeletal system: arthritis.
Allergic reactions: skin rash.

Contraindications to the drug:

Optic neuritis, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory eye diseases, pregnancy, renal dysfunction, children under 13 years of age, hypersensitivity to ethambutol.

Use during pregnancy and lactation.

Use during pregnancy is contraindicated.
Ethambutol crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
Experimental studies have established the teratogenic effect of ethambutol.

Special instructions for use of Ethambutol.

At the beginning of treatment, the cough may increase and the amount of sputum may increase.
Ethambutol is used only in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. In combination with isoniazid and rifampicin, it is highly effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.
When carrying out long-term therapy, it is necessary to regularly monitor vision functions, peripheral blood patterns, as well as the functional state of the liver and kidneys.

Interaction of Ethambutol with other drugs.

When used simultaneously with aluminum hydroxide, the absorption of ethambutol from the gastrointestinal tract decreases.
There is evidence of a possible increase in optic neuropathy caused by ethambutol when used in combination with isoniazid.
Under the influence of ethambutol, zinc metabolism may change.

Instructions for use of Ethambutol explain in what dosages and with what frequency the antibiotic is used to treat the results of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Before purchasing Ethambutol tablets, you must consult a doctor.

Release category

The medicine is dispensed only with a doctor's prescription.

In what cases is it accepted?

Ethambutol is a component in chemotherapy against extrapulmonary and pulmonary types of tuberculosis. It can be prescribed as a stand-alone drug or as part of a regimen as one of the components of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

Operating principle

The action of the drug is aimed at providing anti-tuberculosis, antibacterial and bacteriostatic (suppresses the proliferation of bacteria) effect. Active against those species that are resistant to other drugs.

Ethambutol can affect atypical and typical Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as other types of mycobacteria - M.kansasii, M.avium, M.xenopi.

The mechanism consists of quickly entering the bacterial cell to destroy it by disrupting the formation of protein from amino acids and the process of assimilation of fatty acids, the structure of ribosomes, as well as the binding of magnesium ions to copper. The drug affects only bacteria in a state of division.

Only 1% of pathogens are resistant to this antibiotic. The resistance to a substance will develop more slowly if it is used only for treatment. The drug has a high degree of penetration and absorption into tissues and organs.

After swallowing the medicine, absorption reaches 80% from the digestive tract. In a volume of 20 to 30%, binding occurs to some plasma proteins - this indicates the sufficient effectiveness of the drug, since most of it is in a free state. The greatest beneficial effect is achieved after consumption at a dosage of 25 mg/kg for two to four hours.


If the barrier between the central nervous system and the circulatory system functions, then Ethambutol does not penetrate nerve cells and fibers. When suffering from meningitis, it can enter the cerebrospinal fluid in a concentration of 10 to 50% of the substance in the blood plasma.

The amount of substance excreted through the renal system is up to 50% and through feces about 20%.

Use in cases of kidney disease

CAREFULLY. This medicine is contraindicated in cases of severe renal failure. For other kidney diseases, the dosage is selected individually.

Possibility of therapy during breastfeeding and pregnancy

The American Academy of Pediatrics considers Ethambutol to be compatible with breastfeeding. No studies to date have revealed any complications. The concentration of the substance is the same in milk and blood.

Animal toxicity studies show that with the use of high doses of Ethambutol, the fetus developed various disorders such as limb modifications, spinal malformations, cleft palate and upper lip.

The barrier between the placenta and the mother's blood is not an obstacle to the penetration of the antibiotic. The active substance in the fetal circulatory system can reach up to 30% of the volume of Ethambutol in maternal blood.

Some studies have shown disruption in the child's development process.

Prescription of Ethambutol should be avoided or used in cases where the therapeutic effect is higher than the risk of pathology in the fetus.

Prescription restrictions

You should avoid taking the drug if you have the following diseases:

  1. Cataract;
  2. Severe renal failure;
  3. Diabetic retinopathy;
  4. Gout.

Dosage and methods of administration

Depending on age and health characteristics, at the time of prescribing a course of Ethambutol, according to the instructions for use, different dosages are recommended.

For persons under 13 years of age, a single dose should not exceed 25 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.

Adults – take after breakfast once a day:

  1. Primary patients who have not undergone treatment – ​​15 mg/kg;
  2. Patients undergoing chemotherapy - 25 mg/kg.

In certain types of treatment, 30-40 mg/kg three times a week is acceptable. Active use for two months. Further, for maintenance therapy, the dosage is reduced to 15 mg/kg for 6-12 months. The level of creatinine in case of kidney dysfunction requires adjustment of the prescribed drug:

  • 7 mg/kg on the day of the body cleansing procedure - dialysis;
  • 20 mg/kg, when the amount of blood cleared of creatinine is more than 100 ml/min;
  • 5 mg/kg during blood purification - hemodialysis;
  • 15 mg/kg, when creatinine-free blood is 70 – 100 ml/min;
  • Less than 70 ml/min – 10 mg/kg.

Side effects

The first time you take it after starting the course, the cough becomes stronger, and the amount of sputum also increases. In some cases, allergic manifestations may occur in the form of itching or rash on the skin. With existing eye diseases and during a long course, there is a high risk of deterioration in vision. It is recommended to interrupt treatment with Ethambutol if:

  1. Exhaustion, loss of viable functions of the optic nerves;
  2. Loss of image clarity;
  3. Limitation of space in the field of view.

Such changes are reversible, except in cases of destruction of the nerve fibers that transmit signals from the eyes to the brain. The organs responsible for digestive processes may respond with vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and liver dysfunction, and anorexia may develop.

For the nervous system, complications manifest themselves in the form of dizziness, depression, and headaches. From the cardiovascular system, the development of tachycardia, myocarditis, arterial hypotension, and pericarditis is possible.

Complications for the circulatory and lymphatic systems can manifest themselves in the form of enlarged lymph nodes. The immune system produces symptoms such as anaphylactic shock (an instant allergic reaction). Common symptoms include chills, weakness, swelling, and swelling.

Actions in case of overdose

Specific instructions

Important. The daily dose should be taken once. When taken in several stages, the required concentration is not achieved.

Due to the risk of visual impairment, you should avoid working with machinery and driving vehicles during the period of therapy.

Before starting treatment, and throughout the course, it is necessary to check your eyes every month. If it is not possible to conduct such studies (for example, in children), this antibiotic should be avoided adequately and regularly.

Interaction of Ethambutol with other substances

Avoid simultaneous administration of a course with ethionamide (these substances block each other’s actions).

Due to the fact that this drug can increase nervous system disorders, it is not recommended to combine therapy with ethambutol and drugs that affect the central nervous system. Taking into account the possible combination of complex compounds, the risks of developing damage to the nervous system increase. These are the drugs:

  • Aminoglycosides;
  • ciprofloxacin
  • carbamazepine;
  • quinine;
  • asparaginase;
  • lithium preparations.

Aluminum hydroxide can reduce the degree of absorption of the drug from the stomach. The substance Ethambutol affects the metabolism of certain substances, in particular zinc.

Interesting. To reduce the effects of some complications of ethambutol, the instructions prescribe the administration of vitamin PP (nicotinamide) two to three times a day in the amount of 0.1 g. It is also permissible to administer intramuscularly a 5% solution of vitamin B6, 1-2 ml.

For patients with low stomach acidity, it is recommended to use hydrochloric acid. If acidity is high, it must be reduced with medications.

How to store

According to the instructions for use of Ethambutol, the drug is stored in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 15-25C without direct sunlight.

The release date is indicated on the packaging. It is recommended to use within 36 months.


Ethambutol- an antimicrobial agent for systemic use, acting on mycobacteria, has a pronounced bacteriostatic effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as some atypical mycobacteria (M.avium, M.kansasii, M.xenopi). The drug inhibits the proliferation of mycobacteria resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, PAS, ethionamide, kanamycin and others
anti-tuberculosis drugs. The mechanism of action of ethambutol after its penetration into the mycobacterium is associated with inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis, the ability to interact with ions of divalent biometals (copper, magnesium), disruption of the structure of ribosomes and inhibition of the intensity of lipid metabolism. About 1% of patients have primary resistance to the drug. With monotherapy for tuberculosis, tolerance develops quickly.

Pharmacokinetics

.
When administered orally, 75-80% of the drug is absorbed from the digestive tract. Simultaneous food intake enhances and accelerates the absorption process. The maximum concentration of ethambutol in the blood is reached after approximately 2 hours and is 4-5 mcg/ml when the drug is administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg and 8-9 mcg/ml when the drug is administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Binding to blood plasma proteins depends on the dose taken and is 10-40%. The half-life (T½) is 3.3-3.5 hours.
A feature of the pharmacokinetics of ethambutol is that it selectively accumulates in erythrocytes (the concentration is 2 times higher than in blood plasma). Ethambutol penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid, through the placenta and into breast milk.
The drug is excreted primarily unchanged in the urine. Approximately 10-20% of ethambutol is excreted in feces in the form of inactive metabolites (aldehydes, dicarboxylic acids). Prescribing ethambutol for impaired renal function can lead to its accumulation in the body.

Indications for use:
A drug Ethambutol used to treat all forms of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs).

Mode of application

For adults, for primary treatment, prescribe Ethambutol orally at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight 1 time per day. When conducting a repeated course, the drug is prescribed once a day at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 2 months, then treatment is prescribed at a dose of 15 mg/kg throughout the entire treatment period. When using the drug at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, a monthly examination by an ophthalmologist is recommended. The maximum daily dose for initial treatment is no more than 2 g.
Children over 13 years of age should be prescribed Ethambutol orally at a dose of 15-25 mg/kg per day. The maximum daily dose for children is 1 g.
The duration of treatment depends on the form of tuberculosis and ranges from 6 to 12 months.
Children. The use of the drug in children under 13 years of age is contraindicated.

Side effects:
Cardiovascular system: pericarditis, myocarditis, arterial hypotension, tachycardia.
Blood system and lymphatic system: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy.
Nervous system: headache, dizziness, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions, disorientation, depression, peripheral neuritis, paresthesia in the extremities, numbness, paresis.
Visual organs: retrobulbar inflammation of the optic nerve, optic neuropathy, unilateral or bilateral decrease in visual acuity, including irreversible blindness, impaired color vision (mainly green and red), development of central or peripheral scotoma, limitation of visual fields, retinal hemorrhage.
The occurrence of visual disturbances depends on the duration of treatment and previous or existing diseases of the visual organs.
Respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs: pulmonary infiltrates with or without eosinophilia, pneumonitis.
Hepatobiliary system: impaired liver function, increased activity of liver transaminases, hepatitis, jaundice.
Digestive tract: metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, heartburn, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, pseudomembranous colitis (when used together with rifampicin and isoniazid).
Urinary system: increased creatinine levels, increased urea levels, interstitial nephritis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue: rash, itching, hyperemia, dermatitis, tingling sensation.
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: arthralgia.
Metabolic disorders: decreased clearance of uric acid in the blood serum, the phenomenon of uric acid diathesis, exacerbation of gout.
Immune system: anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, including anaphylactic shock, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis), bronchospasm, vasculitis.
General disorders: increased body temperature, chills, general weakness, swelling.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of the drug Ethambutol are: hypersensitivity to the drug; optic neuritis; cataract; inflammatory eye diseases; diabetic retinopathy; severe renal failure, chronic renal failure; situations where it is impossible to check the state of vision (serious condition, mental disorders).

Pregnancy

Ethambutol Contraindicated for use in pregnant women.
If it is necessary to take the drug, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding, since ethambutol passes into breast milk.

Interaction with other drugs

When using the drug simultaneously Ethambutol: with anti-tuberculosis drugs - enhancing the effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

To treat tuberculosis in complex therapy with ethambutol, you can use isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), streptomycin, cycloserine, pyrazinamide; with isoniazid with simultaneous use of cyclosporine A - increased degradation of cyclosporine A with the risk of transplant rejection; with digitoxin - decreased effectiveness of the latter; with ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, asparaginase, carbamazepine, lithium preparations, imipenem, methotrexate, quinine - the effects are enhanced and the neurotoxicity of the above drugs increases; with aluminum preparations and other antacids - deterioration of ethambutol absorption; with disulfiram - increased concentration of ethambutol and increased toxicity; with ethionamide - simultaneous use of ethambutol with ethionamide is not recommended due to pharmacological antagonism (it is better to alternate the drugs every other day); with pyrazinamide - a synergistic effect on the excretion of uric acid; with ethyl alcohol - the negative effect of ethambutol on the organs of vision increases, so during treatment you should avoid drinking alcohol. Ethambutol alters the metabolism of some trace elements, mainly zinc. Features of application. The drug should only be prescribed in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. Before and during treatment, a systematic examination of the fundus, intraocular pressure, refraction, visual fields, visual acuity and color perception (especially differentiation of red and green, blue and green) is necessary.
In patients with impaired renal function, ophthalmological monitoring should be carried out daily.
Ophthalmological control is carried out for each eye separately and for both eyes together, since changes in visual acuity can be monoteral or bilateral. It is necessary to inform the doctor about any changes in vision function. If visual impairment occurs, to prevent optic nerve atrophy, you must immediately stop using Ethambutol. Vision changes are usually reversible, disappearing after stopping treatment within a few weeks, or in some cases within a few months. In exceptional cases, vision changes are irreversible due to optic nerve atrophy. For visual impairment, use hydroxycobalamin or cyanocobalamin.
Ethambutol should be prescribed with caution to patients with gout or hyperuricemia. In patients with renal failure, the dose of Ethambutol should be reduced as the drug accumulates in the body. Treatment with ethambutol may increase the concentration of urate in the blood, which is associated with a weakening of the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. It is recommended to periodically monitor peripheral blood parameters, liver and kidney functions. At the beginning of treatment, the cough may increase and the amount of sputum may increase. To reduce these symptoms, prescribe B vitamins and expectorants. In patients who have previously taken drugs with a tuberculostatic effect, bacterial resistance to ethambutol develops more often. Long-term or repeated use of ethambutol may lead to the development of secondary infections. If you suspect an infection, you should consult a doctor. If symptoms of tuberculosis do not disappear within 2-3 weeks or if the condition worsens, it is recommended to consult a doctor. It is necessary to complete the full course of treatment with the drug, regardless of whether symptoms of the disease are present or absent, to prevent relapse or the development of resistance. Ethyl alcohol enhances the toxic effect of ethambutol on the organs of vision, so you should avoid drinking alcohol during treatment. If side effects occur, it is necessary to adjust the dose in the direction of reducing it; if this step is not possible, switch to intermittent use of the drug (every other day or 2 times a week).

Overdose:
Symptoms. Development of neurological disorders, damage to the optic nerve (blindness may occur), deterioration of visual acuity or increased manifestations of other adverse reactions, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, polyneuritis, respiratory depression, asystole .
Treatment. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic. Due to the rapid absorption of the drug, immediately after administration it is necessary to induce vomiting or lavage the stomach, and also prescribe enterosorbents. Monitor and take measures to support the vital functions of the body, and, if necessary, carry out resuscitation measures. Forced diuresis, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis are indicated. For allergic reactions, the use of desensitizing agents is indicated. In threatening conditions, a blood transfusion is necessary to remove red blood cells where ethambutol accumulates.

Storage conditions

A drug Ethambutol should be stored in original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Release form

Ethambutol - tablets.
Packaging: 10 tablets in a blister, 5 blisters in a pack; 120 tablets per container and pack; 1000 tablets in containers.

Compound:
1 tablet Ethambutol contains ethambutol hydrochloride (based on 100% dry matter) - 400 mg.
Excipients: calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, magnesium stearate.

Additionally

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or other mechanisms.
During treatment with the drug, it is not recommended to drive vehicles or engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Main settings

Name: ETHAMBUTOL
ATX code: J04AK02 -