What is the average hb content in an erythrocyte. The purpose of this blood test. Why are the levels high?

No matter how healthy you are, referrals for general blood and urine tests will always accompany you.

And it’s not even about the “tick” that will be entered in your medical record. No, we're talking about about permanent monitoring your health, health of family and friends.

What can we say about pregnancy, during which all processes double, bearing responsibility for a tiny life? How then do you know that everything is fine with mother and baby if toxicosis takes away all your strength and the pregnant woman does not look very good, to put it mildly?

That's right, check your blood and urine, get examined. But it’s better to go to the doctor with ready-made tests. He will decipher them for you and explain them clearly. Even those obscure abbreviations behind which the main diagnosis is hidden, for example: MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) or average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte.

“Yes, this is the normal level of hemoglobin!” - you say. And you will be a little mistaken if you confuse the hemoglobin concentration with the erythrocyte index. But what is it and how will low levels affect the patient’s well-being?

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin is translated almost literally, meaning the average content, namely the mass, of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell.

This indicator is calculated using the formula, having own way calculus – picograms (pg). More precisely it looks like this:

MSN= Hemoglobin is divided by total red blood cells and multiplied by 10-12. The result is "N pg, which is equal to N x 10-12 g."

Often norm the obtained indicators range from 22-37 picograms. It should also be taken into account that, first of all, it depends on the age of the patient.

Reasons for increasing/decreasing MCH

Like any blood indicators, the average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell carries information about the patient’s health. And even a minimal deviation from the norm may indicate the makings of a particular illness.

MCH is not included in the exceptions, the average indicators of which determine the level of iron successfully absorbed by the body. By the way, the same kind of sensor is the color indicator of blood. The only difference is that the results of the SIT study are often more objective.

Take, for example, test results that are below normal. This pathology in medicine they call hypochromia- a not uncommon phenomenon, especially if you consider it potential causes :

• Chronic deficiency of vitamin B6.
• Pregnancy, especially the first trimester.
• Congenital thalassemia (genetic disorder).
• Iron deficiency anemia, caused by anorexia or sharp decline weight.
• With prolonged lead intoxication.
• Large blood loss.
• Malfunctions of the liver and kidneys.

Reduced average hemoglobin content in an adult erythrocyte

Diagnosis hypochromia» it is customary to put in quantitative indicators below 27 pg. Due to one of the reasons (kidney and liver disease, lead poisoning, prolonged bleeding, pregnancy, iron deficiency in the body, etc.), hemoglobin synthesis is disrupted. That is, red blood cells cannot cope with their functions, since they are only partially filled with it.

Why are pregnant women included in almost every list of potential risk groups? And in some cases, the “interesting situation” is even called the reason for the decrease in the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells...

There is some truth in this, since from the beginning of the second trimester during pregnancy female body Blood volume begins to rapidly increase. At the same time, plasma indicators increase by 35%, and red blood cells only by 25%. Simply put, the blood thins out, and the MCH in it is quantitatively lower.

But, in practice, this is considered the norm and does not require medical intervention. Only when general indicators hemoglobin levels will drop, then it will be possible to talk about anemia as a diagnosis and develop a treatment algorithm. Special attention At the same time, a thorough examination is given intrauterine development baby. And if nothing threatens him, the mother feels well, then there is no need to worry: a few weeks after birth, all tests return to their previous norms and the average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell is no exception.

MCH level in a child

Since the normal values ​​for young children are slightly higher than for adults, it is worth worrying about a reduced MSI in a baby based on the test result 30 pg and below.

Visible symptoms at the same time it is also much more:

• pale skin;
• muscle weakness, lethargy;
• complaints about headache and dizziness;
• trying to eat chalk white clay, toothpaste;
• poor appetite;
• cold hands and feet;
• sudden mood swings, irritability;
• heavy breathing during active games.

In particularly advanced cases, hypochromia in children is expressed by an increase in the size of the liver and spleen. In very young patients, rickets may develop, and the absorption of vitamins and beneficial microelements deteriorates. The consequence of this is a low level of immunity.

Prevention measures

There is an opinion that any abnormalities in the area of ​​iron deficiency anemia can be quickly eliminated with green apples and liver.

But what about those who have only the beginning of a decrease in the average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, but stubbornly do not absorb the iron contained in food? Taking medications? Eliminate potential causes emerging pathology?

As practice suggests, the last option is the most effective. A great addition he will benefit from walks in the fresh air, the right varied diet, living in an ecologically safe place and constant clinical monitoring of blood composition.

As for pregnant women, they should just enjoy their magical situation and “keep their finger on the pulse” of all scheduled and unscheduled examinations. After all, the first place now is not even one’s own life and health, but those who live under the heart...

When a blood test reveals that the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced, it means that there are certain abnormalities in the composition of the blood in the body. There are several calculated values ​​by which to determine important characteristics red blood cells This analysis is one of such erythrocyte indices. The hemoglobin concentration is calculated using a certain formula. As a result, they answer the question of how saturated each red blood cell is with hemoglobin, and determine the reasons why the average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell is reduced.

Why is such an analysis needed?

Some symptoms with which patients go to the doctor provide the basis for determining all blood parameters.

This is necessary to find out:

• why these symptoms appeared;
• what problems exist in the human body;
• does the patient have blood diseases?

Usually the doctor gives a referral for general analysis blood, which is made on the basis of taken capillary or venous blood of a person.

Suspicions of a pathology may arise if the patient:

• lethargic;
• feels weak;
• experiences frequent dizziness;
• With elevated temperature bodies;
• often wants to sleep;
• gets tired quickly;
• pale;
• loses consciousness.

There is no need for special preparation to pass a clinical (general) examination. It is enough not to have breakfast in the morning.

Calculating the hemoglobin concentration in a red blood cell is very important for identifying blood pathologies and other diseases. The role of hemoglobin for hematopoiesis is difficult to overestimate. His location is red blood cells(erythrocytes, or RBC/RBC).

The functions of this iron containing protein are:

1. Providing cells with oxygen.
2. Removal of carbon dioxide from tissues.

Thus, hemoglobin is necessary for the respiration of every cell human body, which means their normal functioning. This ability to carry oxygen makes hemoglobin essential to human life.

Interpretation of analyzes

All blood parameters have special designations that are indicated in the study results. To do this, use abbreviations for English language. Hemoglobin concentration is abbreviated MCHC.

In order to find out to what extent red blood cells are saturated with hemoglobin, the value of its concentration in the blood (per 100 ml) is divided by the total volume of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and multiplied by 100. This is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a red blood cell, which is conventionally designated as MCHC. The resulting figure is compared with standard indicators and a conclusion is drawn about the development of pathology, if any. The concentration of this protein does not depend on the size of the cell.

Normally, in a healthy person, the protein concentration in red blood cells ranges from 310 to 370 g/l. Elevated levels usually do not occur, but a decrease in these numbers is observed, which indicates a possible disease (associated with impaired hemoglobin synthesis).

It can be:

• various forms of anemia;
• a congenital disease called thalassemia;
• congenital or genetically determined disorder of the structure of the hemoglobin protein (hemoglobinopathy).

MCHC in the blood is a very important indicator, since it is a marker if the level of hemoglobin or hematocrit is incorrectly determined. Thus, it can be evidence of the validity (or error) of the research conducted.

MCHC in a blood test rarely has elevated values. This is because there are physiological limitations regarding hemoglobin concentration. If the analysis shows a value of this indicator that exceeds the norm, it means that the analysis may have been carried out poorly, since exceeding MCHC will invariably lead to crystallization. In this case, the analysis should be repeated.

As for low MCHC, this phenomenon occurs in diseases that are acquired, congenital or hereditary in nature.

Erythrocyte indices, including MCHC in blood tests, have different digital indicators, which are due to:

• age;
• gender of the person (in women the normal values ​​are slightly lower).

What to do if the readings are low?

If the result of the analysis determines that the hemoglobin concentration in the red blood cell is reduced, you should first of all consult a hematologist. The first thing you need to know is the disease that led to this blood condition. After this, the doctor draws up a scheme for further therapy.

If the problem is serious and a person’s blood disease is congenital or genetically determined, then only medications prescribed by a doctor will help. And if hemoglobin in the blood is low due to a lack of iron, then every person can correct the situation.

To prevent and treat such pathology, you can use the simplest and effective method– nutrition correction.

Among the foods consumed every day in the form of different dishes, there are those that help increase the level of hemoglobin and its concentration in blood cells.

These include:

• green crops (they contain folic acid necessary for the body);
• legumes;
• buckwheat;
• beef and pork liver.

To avoid lowering MCHC, you should have foods rich in the microelement iron in your diet every day. ABOUT high content Everyone knows it in apples for sure. It is especially important to monitor the concentration of this protein for pregnant women. They must donate blood several times during pregnancy. If their MCHC in the blood test is low, this will negatively affect the health of the fetus, which means the child may be born with a pathology.

Average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (MCH): what is it, normal, increase and decrease

Undoubtedly, the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes, Er, RBC - in the test performed in the analyzer) is very important for the normal functioning of the body, but their quality is no less important. What is the use of circulating empty cells in the blood that do not contain enough hemoglobin? After all, such red blood cells do not bring enough nutrition and oxygen to the tissues, and they suffer from hypoxia.

The average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte or the erythrocyte index MCH, although it does not have an independent diagnostic value, however, indicates what red blood cells carry in their composition. The erythrocyte MHC index in a blood test appeared when, in a clinical diagnostic laboratory, not only the eyes and hands of a doctor, a Goryaev camera and a microscope, but also automated hematological systems, which have in their tasks such as determining the quantity shaped elements, and the relationships between certain indicators that make up a general blood test. By the way, Goryaev’s camera and microscope also did not disappear from the doctor’s table. laboratory diagnostics who is involved in deciphering the hemogram - they are needed for studying morphological characteristics cells of both red and white blood.

What does the abbreviation MCH stand for in a blood test?

The average content of red blood pigment (hemoglobin - Hb, HGB) in red blood cells circulating in the bloodstream has no independent diagnostic value, however, this indicator acquires some significance when differential diagnosis anemia. In addition, the role of MCH in blood analysis increases in the “company” of other erythrocyte indices with which the described one is compared laboratory criterion. First of all, this is MCV (average erythrocyte volume), followed by MCHC (average concentration of Hb in Er) and color index (CI), which is calculated out of old habit, out of interest, or due to the lack of an automatic device, since it (MCH), in principle, corresponds to the CPU (in this regard, there is no need to repeat).

Of course, MCH in a blood test correlates with the number of red blood cells (the content of red blood cells in 1 liter) and the content of hemoglobin itself, since it is calculated using a formula based on their numerical values:

MCH = Hemoglobin (g/100ml) x 10: red blood cell count (million/microliter)

It is obvious that an automatic machine, before calculating the average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell, will have to count red blood cells and red pigment in the blood.

A similar indicator of the Hb content in an erythrocyte is SGE (the abbreviation stands for), which is calculated in the same way (hemoglobin values ​​are divided by the number of red blood cells) - this calculation formula is used if the laboratory does not have a hematology analyzer.

MCH blood test results are expressed in picograms (1/trillionth of a gram - 10-12 grams) and are designated pg. The norm for an adult is in the range of 27 - 31 pg; in children, its boundaries slightly expand.

In general, you can show the data in a table, it will be more visual and understandable:

As always, the reader may become prematurely worried if he himself donated blood for research, having previously “studied” laboratory reference books, and then saw his results somewhat beyond the given norm. Not worth it. You just need to find out the laboratory reference values. Perhaps this is how it should be in a healthy body.

If the indicator is increased or decreased?

Before we begin listing the pathological conditions, I would like to note that many drugs have a certain effect on the red blood, causing toxic damage to DNA, and it (the blood) begins to show increased value erythrocyte indices. This fact, naturally, should be taken into account when preparing the patient for analysis and testing, otherwise the decoding may confuse the doctor, and the results, written out and handed over, will force the person to experience unreasonable worries about his health. Although, perhaps, justified... The use of medications is justified when it is impossible to do without them (then the lesser of two evils is chosen).

In this regard, you need to know and remember that MCH in a blood test may be increased due to taking the following medications:

• Cytostatic drugs;
• Oral contraceptives (attention, women!);
• Antiepileptic drugs.

Increased values ​​of the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte will be natural in cases of certain diseases (primarily hyperchromic anemia):

• Macrocytic (megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic) anemia;
• Certain hemolytic anemias;
• Acute blood loss (compensatory mechanism);
• Lesions of the liver parenchyma (liver cirrhosis).

Reduced MCH values ​​are especially characteristic of hypochromic anemia. Thus, this criterion saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin is reduced when:

• IDA (iron deficiency anemia);
• Sideroblastic anemia;
• Anemic syndrome accompanying chronic pathology;
• Disorders of porphyrin metabolism (they are used in the synthesis of heme hemoglobin);
• Salt poisoning heavy metals(lead);
• Certain forms of hemoglobinopathy;
• Anemia caused by a neoplastic process.

The laboratory diagnostics doctor is responsible for decoding the general blood test, including all erythrocyte and platelet indices. However, many people themselves want to figure out what’s what, so they turn to various sources information. I would like to think that the readers of our site found this publication useful.

A general blood test helps determine many parameters regarding its composition. One of these is the value of the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells. In medical practice this term denoted by the abbreviation MCH. Determining this indicator is necessary to identify iron deficiency anemia.

Hemoglobin is a component of blood that gives it its red color. It has the ability to connect with each other carbon monoxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Main function hemoglobin - move around circulatory system vital substances. Using a general blood test, you can obtain data on the concentration of hemoglobin in individual areas.

The general blood test column marked MCH is responsible for determining the average volume of hemoglobin in red blood cells. You can also find designationMCHC.

Unit of measurement this indicator acts as g/l or g/dl. It is believed that some fluctuations in the average hemoglobin content are characteristic of childhood.

Over time, the parameters become more constant. After this, any deviations are regarded as pathology. In certain situations, the analysis result may be false. The most common reason for this phenomenon is non-compliance rules for preparing for analysis.

Method for determining the indicator

The level of average hemoglobin concentration is determined using special medical equipment. For research it is taken capillary blood. A prerequisite is to draw blood exclusively on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning.

In order for the analysis to show a reliable result, you should avoid taking any medications long before visiting the treatment room. Along with identifying the average hemoglobin volume, other blood tests are also carried out.

The results are usually ready within 3-5 days after the procedure. blood collection procedures. After receiving the results, they are assessed by the attending physician. Only after this is the correct treatment prescribed.

Causes

A decrease in MCHC causes insufficient saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin. However, conclusions about the diagnosis should not be made based on the test result alone. The fact is that in the presence of iron deficiency anemia, the average volume of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte will be within normal limits.

A low level of result in any case indicates the development of some disease. The most common reasons for a decrease in MCHC include:

• Hypovitaminosis;
• Toxic lead poisoning;
• Problems with hemoglobin production;
• Increase in the number of red blood cells;
• Long-term bleeding;
• Leukocytosis.

Norm

Generally established MCHC norm values ​​depend on a person’s age and gender. It is believed that this indicator tends to increase over time.

The child has

There can be many reasons why a child’s MCHC level may be low. The most common is iron deficiency anemia. In addition to the test result, the development of the disease may be indicated by the presence of symptoms. The child’s health deteriorates and his mood deteriorates. The character of the heartbeat changes, the appearance becomes painful, and a characteristic pallor of the face appears.

Treatment of this disease in children includes a set of measures. First of all, a change in diet is prescribed. You need to enter it more products, rich in iron. Massages and physiotherapy.

Anemia in children is a fairly common disease. The reason for its appearance may be the active growth of the child, as a result of which there is a sharp increase in the number of red blood cells. The disease can also develop against the background of poor absorption or metabolism of iron by the body. Children under one year of age are most susceptible to the development of anemia. Anemia often results in chronic diseases.

Increasing the indicator

Pathology is considered not only a decrease in the average volume of hemoglobin, but also its increase. This phenomenon, in most cases, is caused by the development of certain ailments. The reasons for the deviation may be problems with the heart or lungs. Various nephrosis and nephritis can give the same effect.

How to treat?

Set of measures, aimed at bringing indicators back to normal, depends on what caused this phenomenon. Symptoms of anemia can be eliminated by taking iron supplements, healthy image life and massage.

Foods that contain a lot of iron include: artichokes, egg yolks, seafood, whole grain bread, poultry, legumes, nuts, etc. In certain situations, therapy with the introduction of iron into the diet will be inappropriate. Then more effective ones are prescribed medicines, directed against a specific disease.

During treatment the patient is shown maximum peace and positive emotions. Also, during the period of treatment you should stop smoking and drinking alcoholic drinks. The fact is that many strong medications reduce their effect under the influence of alcohol.

An obligatory stage of modern clinical diagnostics is the study of general blood test parameters. The pathological processes occurring in the body are one way or another reflected in the cellular and biochemical composition this fabric. One of the CBC parameters is erythrocyte indices, which make it possible to record quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of red blood cells. Some of the erythrocyte indices reflect the metabolic state of hemoglobin, a protein that performs a unique function in the human body.

Hemoglobin is a complex protein compound that consists of four peptide molecules and associated iron-containing complexes. These complexes, called hemes, are responsible for the main purpose of hemoglobin in the body - transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

In humans, as in all vertebrates, hemoglobin is the main component of erythrocytes, red blood cells. The divalent iron atoms that make up heme are capable of oxidation (addition of oxygen molecules) and reduction (release of O 2).

Oxygen saturation occurs in the smallest pulmonary vesicles - alveoli. Here, due to the high partial pressure, O 2 molecules overcome the thinnest barrier between lung tissue And blood capillaries and attach to the heme iron. Intense saturation is facilitated by the disc-shaped shape of red blood cells with a flattened center: due to it, the contact area between hemoglobin and oxygen significantly increases. As a result, the stable form of hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, is oxidized and converted into oxyhemoglobin.

Together with the bloodstream, oxyhemoglobin penetrates almost all tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen necessary for the normal functioning of cells. Having shared O2 with tissues, hemoglobin binds cell waste products - carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. New form hemoglobin (carboxyhemoglobin) is sent back to the lungs, and the metabolic cycle repeats.

With a number genetic diseases and chemical poisoning, the iron contained in heme is oxidized to degree +3 and loses its ability to transport oxygen. In mild cases of methemoglobinemia, reduction of the iron atom is achieved by oral administration ascorbic acid, V severe cases good effect gives a transfusion of red blood cells to the patient.

Normal hemoglobin content in blood

The normal hemoglobin content per liter of blood is:

• 130-160 g/l for men
• 120-150 g/l for women

In children, the maximum level of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood is observed during the first three days of life (145-225 g/l), by 4-6 months it decreases to a minimum (95-135 g/l), then slowly increases and by 18 years is within the normal range of an adult.

IN clinical practice are considered more informative the following indicators erythrocyte indices:

1. MCH- absolute content hemoglobin in the erythrocyte. Normal indicator this parameter in adults is 27-35 * 10 -12 grams (picograms). MCH varies depending on age: the peak occurs at the time of birth, and from the first months of life it fluctuates slightly.

1. MCHC is the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of red blood cells. This is the most reliable of the erythrocyte indices. Average MCHC in a healthy adult is 310-360 g/l. With age, the level of MCHC changes in inverse proportion to MCH: the minimum is observed in the first day of life, but by four months it reaches a level at which it will remain throughout life. At the stage of growing up, this MCHC indicator in women and men is slightly different, but this difference is so small that it can be neglected.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, the CBC often demonstrates a false decrease in hemoglobin levels. In reality, the amount of hemoglobin in the mother’s blood remains the same, but its concentration decreases due to an increase in the volume of the liquid fraction of the blood. However, in the second trimester, the fetus absorbs a significant amount of dietary iron. During this period, monitoring the hemoglobin content in the blood of pregnant women is especially important for the health of the mother and fetus.

The MCH and MCHC indicators are considered inextricably linked with each other and other results of the study of red blood cells: hematocrit (the ratio of red blood cell volumes to blood plasma), MCV (average erythrocyte volume), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and others.

Increasing hemoglobin levels in the blood

An increase in MCH usually occurs with increased hemoglobin synthesis in the red bone marrow and is typical for the following diseases and conditions:

• chronic blood loss due to hemorrhoids, diseases digestive system and heavy periods in women
• hyperchromic anemia, in which a slight change in hemoglobin level is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the number of red blood cells
• megaloblastic anemia (macrocytosis), developing in response to a deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B in the body. In this disease, macrocells megaloblasts, immature precursors of red blood cells, circulate in the bloodstream.
• hypothyroidism
• liver disease
• oncological diseases complicated by metastases

Increases in MCH levels may also occur in response to radiation treatments, anticonvulsant therapy, and oral contraceptives.

Increased MCHC is uncommon and difficult to diagnose. This phenomenon usually accompanies hyperchromic anemia and disturbances in the exchange of tissue electrolytes, leading to dehydration of the body. Even less common is spherocytosis - usually a hereditary defect in the cell membrane of red blood cells, as a result of which the cells acquire spherical shape and are destroyed prematurely.

If the CBC reveals an MCHC level above 380 g/L, it is safe to say that an error occurred during the study. This is due to the physicochemical properties of protein and red blood cells: 380 g/l is the maximum concentration of hemoglobin in a red blood cell; if it is exceeded, hemoglobin will precipitate.

Decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood

Decreases in MCH and MCHC are usually combined and indicate the following violations and diseases:

1. A wide range of hypochromic (accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin levels) anemia:

• iron deficiency, associated with a lack of iron in the body
• sideroachristic, in which the process of iron absorption in the intestine is disrupted
• iron redistribution, which develops with increased breakdown of red blood cells
• hypochromic anemia of mixed origin

1. Thalassemia (hereditary disorder of the synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains) and other hemoglobinopathies

1. Sideroblastic anemia is a group of diseases accompanied by disorders of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism

1. Acute blood loss

1. Chronic lead intoxication

1. Hyperthyroidism

1. Electrolyte imbalance

1. Chronic inflammatory diseases (more often kidney diseases) associated with impaired iron metabolism
   

In some cases, a decrease in hemoglobin levels is also observed in macrocytic anemia, when the increase in cell size does not correspond to their filling with iron-containing protein.

Diagnosis and treatment of abnormalities

The determination of erythrocyte indices is carried out during an extended blood test. The methods of these studies have been known for a long time, but required highly qualified laboratory assistants and the use of additional reagents. Today, automatic hemoanalyzers are widely used in clinical practice, which are capable of counting the number of blood cells and conducting their qualitative analysis. The sample for the study is a regular blood smear taken from a finger or vein.

Since conditions associated with a violation of the amount of hemoglobin in the blood are secondary, doctors direct their efforts to treatment primary diseases. Depending on the causes of anemia of various origins, patients are prescribed iron supplements, vitamins, and a diet with increased content fresh juices, red meat and fish. Severe forms blood diseases can be treated with infusion therapy, applications specific drugs and procedures. Symptoms of hemoglobin metabolism disorders are relieved with correctly chosen treatment tactics for pathologies thyroid gland, liver and kidney diseases, chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, causing the development of anemia.

Conclusion

The MCH and MCHC parameters react sensitively to any changes in the body and can signal not only the development of pathologies of the hematopoietic system. Any disease that indirectly affects the metabolism of substances necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin is immediately reflected in the erythrocyte indices. Deviations of these numbers from the norm allow us to assess the clinical situation before the development of a clear picture of the disease and take action to prevent it.

MCH is an indicator of the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells. Such an analysis will be able to give the doctor more accurate information about whether the patient has anemia (anemia) and what form it has.

Indications for analysis

Depending on how many red blood cells are in the blood and the mass of hemoglobin in them, the rate of oxygen supply to all organs and systems of the body will be determined.

The results are calculated using a special formula and show how much hemoglobin is in one red blood cell.

If the readings are normal, they can range from 24 to 34 pg.

The results of the analysis may be unstable in children, but adults, regardless of gender and age, show a stable index.

Normal indicators

MCH is higher than normal

The mch level is elevated in newborns, but returns to normal over the years and is finally established in adulthood.

If an adult’s MCH levels are higher than normal, this is considered a clear sign of pathology. The disease is diagnosed after the doctor determines the reasons that provoked such a jump. This is most often observed with hyperchromia, a condition in which red blood cells contain an increased amount of hemoglobin. This usually indicates that a person has some type of anemia.

The mch index can also be increased if:

• pronounced leukocytosis;
• exceeding the norm for the amount of fat in the blood;
• excess amount of heparin;
• destruction of red blood cells.

The reasons for such deviations may be a lack of vitamin B12, B9 in the blood and exposure to various medicines. Therefore, you should definitely tell your doctor about what medications you are currently taking. Perhaps they influenced the test results. For example, in women, mch levels may be affected by prolonged and uninterrupted use of contraceptives.

Other reasons for exceeding the norm for mch indicators are:

Also, an increase in blood hemoglobin is recorded in people suffering from hypothyroidism, an endocrine pathology caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones.

Readings below normal

When the relationship between iron and hemoglobin decreases, this becomes noticeable in tests that record a decline in hemoglobin and its decrease below normal levels. An insufficient number of red blood cells in the blood may indicate:

• inflammatory processes in the body;
• problems with the process of iron metabolism (iron deficiency anemia);
• hypovitaminosis, i.e. lack of vitamins;
• lead intoxication over a long period of time.

A decrease in the level of MCH affects the course of biochemical processes in the body, which negatively affects general condition sick. This may appear in constant weakness, fatigue, excessive paleness, dry skin and brittle hair. Other obvious indicators of deviation from the norm may be a feeling of numbness in the arms and legs, cracks in the corners of the mouth, arrhythmia and problems with nails.

You can improve your well-being and normalize your blood counts without medications. To do this, you need to review your daily routine, sleep and eat well, and include more foods containing iron in your diet. It would not be superfluous to take vitamin complexes or at least consume vitamin B12. At the same time, you need to undergo the therapy prescribed by your doctor, donate blood again and not neglect rest.

It is recommended not to panic too much if, after taking tests, your indicators do not meet the norm. Consult your doctor and discuss with him your usual diet, daily routine, medications used and behavior on the eve of donating blood. Take the test again to confirm the results.

One should not exclude an error by the laboratory assistant in the calculations; this, unfortunately, occurs in medical practice. Therefore, increased indicators in the analysis results are not a reason to prepare yourself for the worst. A competent specialist will be able to identify an error based on visual inspection the patient and the results of other studies. If necessary, you can always take the mch test again.

Preparing to donate blood at MCH

No special preparation is required to donate blood. The only and prerequisite is a fasting blood sample. Nevertheless, several simple rules can be identified, the observance of which guarantees highly informative and accurate research results.

Firstly, it is imperative to comply with the “fasting” requirement. This means that at least 12 hours must pass from the last meal to blood donation. It is for this reason that routine blood tests are taken from morning until lunch. The only exception is blood sampling by cito, i.e. in case of emergency(with the development of emergency, life-threatening and health-threatening conditions).

Secondly, you should avoid drinking alcohol on the eve of donating blood, as well as coffee and caffeine-containing products.

Thirdly, it is better to protect yourself from physical and emotional stress.

All prescribed measures must be taken 12 hours before donating blood; the rest of the time does not need to be followed. special diet and change your lifestyle.

Diagnosis by symptoms

Find out your probable illnesses and which doctor you should go to.

MCH – Average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte

About MCH

MCH - Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin content in a red blood cell. MCH reflects the absolute hemoglobin content in one red blood cell. MCH is determined by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the number of red blood cells in the same volume of blood drawn. MCH is expressed in picograms (pg).

MCH is a real indicator of iron deficiency in the human body or the inability of iron to be absorbed by erythroblasts and impaired heme synthesis (the so-called sideroblastic anemias). MCH is always correlated with MCV and MCHC and has no independent meaning. Based on these indicators, hyperchromic, hypochromic, and normochromic anemias are distinguished.

Normal hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (Normochromia) is more often observed in healthy people, and at the same time can occur in some anemias (hemolytic, acute posthemorrhagic and aplastic).

Reduction of MCH

Hypochromia - a decrease in MSI occurs with:

• disruption of porphyrin synthesis;
• lead poisoning;
• some hemoglobinopathies;
• thalassemia;
• hypochromic and microcytic anemia (iron deficiency, anemia in chronic diseases).

Increasing MSN

Hyperchromia - increased MSI occurs with:

• taking contraceptives, cytostatics, anticonvulsants;
• metastases of malignant neoplasms;
• liver diseases;
• hypothyroidism;
• hypoplastic anemia after acute blood loss;
• many chronic hemolytic anemias;
• disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism or deficiency (megaloblastic anemia).

MCH values ​​depending on age

MCV - mean corpuscular volume (Mean Corpuscular Volume) - cf.

MCHC is the average concentration of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte (Mean Corpuscular.

Transferrin (siderophilin) ​​is a protein in the blood plasma, which is the main.

What does a decrease in the average concentration of Hb in erythrocytes MCHC indicate, causes and treatment

During a general blood test, the doctor will determine the main parameters and composition, which is an essential criterion in the diagnosis of many cardiovascular pathologies. IN modern medicine important indicator hemoglobin, which is contained in red blood cells and is designated by the abbreviation MCH in a blood test, is considered to be part of the blood.

What is hemoglobin responsible for in the blood?

In blood tests, MCH (hemoglobin) plays the role of the element that colors the blood red. Due to its specific structure, hemoglobin is able to bind into several elements ( carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen) found in the blood for further movement through the circulatory system to the organs.

If the average hemoglobin concentration in a particular area is decreased or increased, then the deviation is noticeable in the results of a general blood test. Typically, this parameter in the UAC is answered by the column marked MCH, although in some cases the average hemoglobin concentration may be indicated by the abbreviation MCHC.

Important! In an adult, the average hemoglobin value is constant unit, in children the index fluctuates either down or up. However, in the absence of preparation for the study, a general blood test in an adult patient may show that the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte is decreased or increased, and will be considered a false result.

How to determine the hemoglobin level in a red blood cell?

To determine the average Hb content in a patient’s red blood cell, you need a special medical equipment and the blood of the subject taken from the capillaries. This analysis blood tests are performed on an empty stomach in the morning, since in other cases the results of the study may be incorrect.

If the patient is on a drug course of treatment, then stop taking medications before OAC, as they can adversely affect the MSHC indicator in the blood test. By using hematology analyzer the doctor determines the average hemoglobin concentration and transmits the results to a specialist who diagnoses objective assessment. The procedure takes from 3 to 5 days.

Reasons for decrease and increase in Hb concentration in erythrocytes

If, according to the results of a general blood test, it turns out that the patient’s average concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell is reduced, then such a deviation indicates the presence of pathology in the body. Common diseases in which Hb in the erythrocyte is reduced are:

• Hypovitaminosis.
• Anemia.
• Toxic lead poisoning.
• Disruption of the process of hemoglobin production.
• Thalassemia (a disorder in the genes responsible for the production of iron-containing protein).
• Increase in the number of red blood cells.
• Suffered prolonged bleeding.
• Leukocytosis.

The main reasons for the decrease in the average concentration of Hb in erythrocytes lie in pathologies that contribute to disruption of the production of iron-containing protein. However, there is iron deficiency anemia, in which a low level of hemoglobin in red blood cells will not be observed.

In addition to situations where the average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells is reduced, there may also be cases where the index deviates upward. Often, this phenomenon indicates:

• Disturbances of water-electrolyte metabolism.
• One of the types of hyperchromic anemia (spherocytosis, ovalocytosis, folate deficiency, etc.).

An increase in the average hemoglobin concentration index in erythrocytes is rare and in most cases indicates a violation during a general blood test. A similar deviation can occur in newborns, but in this case it is regarded as the norm.

Important! The reasons for the decrease in the average hemoglobin concentration in a child’s erythrocytes are more extensive, as they are associated with pathologies clinical conditions, natural development of the body.

Normal concentration of Hb in erythrocytes in children and adults

Hemoglobin contained in human red blood cells has its own norm, which doctors rely on when examining the patient’s blood. The indicator depends on the age of the subject and looks like this:

• At the age of 1 month to 4 years, the normal hemoglobin concentration ranges from 280 to 380 g/l.
• At the age of 5 to 14 years, the norm will fluctuate between 322 – 368 g/l.
• Over the age of 15 years, the normal hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells will be from 322 to 355 for women and from 323 to 365 g/l for men.

Up to 15 years of age, there is one hemoglobin index for both sexes; in adulthood, the index is different for males and females.

What to do if the hemoglobin concentration is disturbed?

If, according to the results of the CBC, it turns out that the patient’s MCHC is decreased or increased, then before starting to eliminate the deviation, it is imperative to find out the cause of this phenomenon. And you can do this in two ways:

• By characteristic symptoms pathology (relevant when the disease is in an acute stage).
• Based on the results of additional analyses.

In most cases, as a treatment similar condition It is recommended to use a diet consisting of iron-containing foods:

• Eggs (yolk).
• Artichoke.
• Seafood (fish, shrimp, seaweed etc.).
• Bread (whole grain).
• Poultry meat.
• Legumes.

In case of anemia it is allowed to use medications, which contain iron-containing components.

If such a deviation occurs, it is better to immediately consult a doctor, since without determining the cause of the decrease in Hb in red blood cells, eliminate this phenomenon will not work.

Average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (MCH): what is it, normal, increase and decrease

Undoubtedly, the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes, Er, RBC - in the test performed in the analyzer) is very important for the normal functioning of the body, but their quality is no less important. What is the use of circulating empty cells in the blood that do not contain enough hemoglobin? After all, such red blood cells do not bring enough nutrition and oxygen to the tissues, and they suffer from hypoxia.

The average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte or the erythrocyte index MCH, although it does not have an independent diagnostic value, however, indicates what red blood cells carry in their composition. The erythrocyte MHC index in a blood test appeared when in a clinical diagnostic laboratory the hemogram was taken up not only by the doctor’s eyes and hands, Goryaev’s camera and microscope, but also by automated hematological systems, which have in their tasks both the determination of the number of formed elements and the relationships between those or other indicators that make up a general blood test. By the way, Goryaev’s camera and microscope also have not disappeared from the table of the laboratory diagnostics doctor who is involved in deciphering the hemogram - they are needed to study the morphological characteristics of cells in both red and white blood.

What does the abbreviation MCH stand for in a blood test?

The average content of red blood pigment (hemoglobin - Hb, HGB) in red blood cells circulating in the bloodstream has no independent diagnostic value, however, this indicator acquires some significance in the differential diagnosis of anemia. In addition, the role of MCH in blood analysis increases in the “company” of other erythrocyte indices, with which the described laboratory criterion is compared. First of all, this is MCV (average erythrocyte volume), followed by MCHC (average concentration of Hb in Er) and color index (CI), which is calculated out of old habit, out of interest or due to the lack of an automatic device, since it (MCH), in principle, corresponds to the CPU (in this regard, there is no need to repeat).

Of course, MCH in a blood test correlates with the number of red blood cells (the content of red blood cells in 1 liter) and the content of hemoglobin itself, since it is calculated using a formula based on their numerical values:

MCH = Hemoglobin (g/100ml) x 10: red blood cell count (million/microliter)

It is obvious that an automatic machine, before calculating the average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell, will have to count red blood cells and red pigment in the blood.

A similar indicator of the Hb content in an erythrocyte is SGE (the abbreviation stands for), which is calculated in the same way (hemoglobin values ​​are divided by the number of red blood cells) - this calculation formula is used if the laboratory does not have a hematology analyzer.

MCH blood test results are expressed in picograms (1/trillionth of a gram) and are designated pg. The norm for an adult is in the range of 27 - 31 pg; in children, its boundaries slightly expand.

In general, you can show the data in a table, it will be more visual and understandable:

As always, the reader may become prematurely worried if he himself donated blood for research, having previously “studied” laboratory reference books, and then saw his results somewhat beyond the given norm. Not worth it. You just need to find out the laboratory reference values. Perhaps this is how it should be in a healthy body.

If the indicator is increased or decreased?

Before we begin listing the pathological conditions, I would like to note that many drugs have a certain effect on the red blood, causing toxic damage to DNA, and it (the blood) begins to show an increased value of erythrocyte indices. This fact, naturally, should be taken into account when preparing the patient for analysis and testing, otherwise the decoding may confuse the doctor, and the results, written out and handed over, will force the person to experience unreasonable worries about his health. Although, perhaps, justified... The use of medications is justified when it is impossible to do without them (then the lesser of two evils is chosen).

In this regard, you need to know and remember that MCH in a blood test may be increased due to taking the following medications:

• Cytostatic drugs;
• Oral contraceptives (attention, women!);
• Antiepileptic drugs.

Increased values ​​of the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte will be natural in cases of certain diseases (primarily hyperchromic anemia):

• Macrocytic (megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic) anemia;
• Certain hemolytic anemias;
• Acute blood loss (compensatory mechanism);
• Lesions of the liver parenchyma (liver cirrhosis).

Reduced MCH values ​​are especially characteristic of hypochromic anemia. Thus, this criterion for saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin is reduced when:

• IDA (iron deficiency anemia);
• Sideroblastic anemia;
• Anemic syndrome accompanying chronic pathology;
• Disorders of porphyrin metabolism (they are used in the synthesis of heme hemoglobin);
• Poisoning with salts of heavy metals (lead);
• Certain forms of hemoglobinopathy;
• Anemia caused by a neoplastic process.

The laboratory diagnostics doctor is responsible for decoding the general blood test, including all erythrocyte and platelet indices. However, many people themselves want to figure out what’s what, so they turn to various sources of information. I would like to think that the readers of our site found this publication useful.

What are MCHC and MCH in a blood test and the reasons for their deviations from the norm

In diagnosing diseases, a general blood test plays an important role. Based on changes in its indicators, we can assume what process is taking place in the body, how it develops and what its causes are.

MCH and MCHC indicators in a blood test indicate the average hemoglobin (Hb) content, and their deviations may indicate significant changes in the structure bone marrow and erythrocytes. Today you will learn how they are determined, what reasons lead to their change, and how decoding is carried out.

What are MCH and MCHC?

MCH (mean concentration hemoglobin) is an indicator showing the average content of Hb in a certain red blood cell. It can be obtained by dividing total hemoglobin by the red blood cell count.

The norm for this indicator is pg. In children, its amount may be slightly different and differ at different ages.

Change occurs as a result of action various factors, as a result of which the average value of the color indicator of the blood changes, on the basis of which the diagnosis of a particular anemia is determined.

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) is the average value showing the Hb content in red blood cells. Typically used to clarify MCH, since if there is a change in MCH in red blood cells, then MCHC should also change proportionately.

The norm of MCHC in erythrocytes is g/l.

Both indicators make it possible to judge the changes occurring in each individual red blood cell. Any change in red blood cells indicates a pathology of the blood system, and, accordingly, that appropriate treatment is necessary. A general blood test (that is, its decoding indicating all possible indicators) allows diagnosing their changes.

The interpretation of the analysis is carried out by a laboratory technician or directly by the attending physician.

Reasons for the increase in MCH and MCHC

What reasons influence the change in these indicators, and what does their increase mean?

MCH is increased if the hemoglobin concentration in an individual red cell increases (color index becomes greater than 1.1). Such a change may occur in the following diseases:

1. Anemia. Among them, hyperchromic (saturated with Hb) and megaloblastic (in the case when large-sized cells are formed) come first. This disrupts the normal transport function blood (due to an increase in the amount of hemoglobin), blood circulation in the small vessels of organs worsens, which affects their functional activity. Despite the fact that the Hb level is increased, the cells are defective and die quickly.
2. Hypothyroidism. Reduced content thyroid hormone helps reduce bone marrow activity. As a result, the concentration of hemoglobin increases, which leads to an increased color index.
3. Liver diseases. As is known, it is this organ that is responsible for the synthesis of most protein molecules (at the same time, their number is increased both in the organ itself and in the internal environment). This is especially noticeable if hypertrophy or an oncological process develops in the liver (the level of synthesis in tumor tissue is increased). As a result, the concentration of red blood cells and their level are increased, they all have a larger Hb volume and, accordingly, a color index. They occur somewhat less frequently in women than in men.
4. Oncological diseases. Pathology of the red bone marrow, as well as the stomach and lungs, can lead to significant changes in red blood cells and, as a result, MCH will be increased. In both children and adults, deviations from the norm of MCH and MCHC due to oncology are observed in the case of leukemia, and the value of each index can be tens of times higher than its norm.

It's actually not that bad if your MCH or MCHC levels are slightly elevated. This suggests that the blood more or less copes with its function. It is much worse if their rate is lowered.

Reasons for decreased MCH and MCHC

A decrease in MCH and MCHC levels can also lead to various metabolic disorders, as the oxygen content in the blood decreases, cell perfusion decreases and, as a result, the condition worsens internal organs, which can lead to their dysfunction. This is especially dangerous for pregnant women and children, since a small amount of hemoglobin will negatively affect both the condition of the fetus and the processes of laying its tissues, as well as the growing body.

Reasons leading to lower MCH and MCHC:

• reduced concentration of iron in the body (the norm in the blood is about 5 mg). Typically, its content decreases with internal bleeding, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as insufficient levels in incoming food products. As a result, due to the fact that the iron level is low, complete hemoglobin cannot be synthesized, which manifests itself in the form of iron deficiency anemia. It is observed mainly in women, since the physiology of their body involves a monthly loss of iron (which is why it is necessary to maintain its content in the blood);
• hereditary blood diseases (for example, thalassemia) - manifests itself mainly in children. With them, there is a disruption in the production of structural units of hemoglobin - protein chains (mainly alpha). Hb, which carries these chains, cannot adequately supply cells and organs with oxygen. Such a disease can be identified already in the first years of a child’s life and appropriate measures can be taken to eliminate it;
• lack of vitamin B6. This vitamin, like all the others from group B, is responsible for many metabolic processes (the norm is about 2 mg, and its content in the blood is constantly changing). This is especially true of the bone marrow, where most blood cells and hemoglobin are formed. If its concentration decreases, the process of connecting Hb polypeptide chains is disrupted, which leads to the fact that MCH and MCHC are reduced. This condition occurs somewhat more often in women than in men.

All listed reasons have a significant impact on the state of the blood system and lead to a decrease in the color index and a decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells. In order to prevent them from changing, you need to know about possible measures prevention.

The normal levels of indicators can progressively decrease with age, so do not panic too much if they decrease in older people.

Prevention

What is needed to prevent changes in these indicators and how to prevent their main causes?

First of all, you should remember to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Daily physical exercise, correct and balanced diet will contribute to the restoration of normal indicators. It is especially important to pay attention to a properly selected diet, which contains essential amino acids and molecular iron is increased. Such products include pomegranate, liver, some seafood, and apples.

In pregnant women, the content of incoming iron should be increased (especially during the first and half of the second trimester), since it is also necessary for the growing fetus. Also throughout pregnancy, it is recommended to take multivitamin complexes(especially in women with trophic disorders). For timely diagnosis They are shown a general blood test (every month before pregnancy and for 4-5 months after conception). It is recommended to prevent decline in indicators in children from birth (especially with complicated heredity).

Doctors need to carry out preventive work among the population, especially women. It is extremely important to eliminate everything exogenous causes reducing erythrocyte indices, as this often allows for a quicker restoration of their norm.

The MCH and MCHC norms indicate that everything is fine in the body and there is no reason to panic. In the event that they change, carefully follow the doctor’s instructions and proper nutrition will bring the blood in order.

Increased or decreased MCH in a blood test - what does it mean?

Information about MCH indicators in blood tests is considered particularly valuable and is always taken into account when making a diagnosis, because the information obtained by determining erythrocyte indices is a reflection of important physiological processes in organism.

The essence and objectives of analysis on MCH

The MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) indicator is one of the erythrocyte indices used in diagnostics to identify pathologies. The MCH test is included in the general blood test and is carried out in regular clinics.

In medicine, the erythrocyte index is a value that characterizes the condition of red blood cells.

As you know, red blood cells are red blood cells that provide oxygen delivery to all tissues of the body.

An important component of red blood cells is hemoglobin, a red pigment protein that gives blood cells their color.

In turn, hemoglobin contains gland atoms that bind oxygen. Therefore, the level of oxygen supply throughout the body depends on the number of red blood cells and the mass of hemoglobin in the blood.

There is a standard that the quantitative and qualitative indicators of red blood cells and hemoglobin must meet.

If the red blood cell count is elevated, this can lead to an increase in blood density and, as a result, to thrombosis.

If the red blood cell count is low, this indicates oxygen starvation of the body and is also fraught with serious consequences.

The same situation is observed with hemoglobin. If hemoglobin is increased or decreased, then this is considered pathological symptom, finding out the cause of which requires additional diagnostic examinations.

Calculate average weight hemoglobin in red blood cells is helped by a general blood test, in particular, the study of MCH.

Decoding the analysis shows not only average value hemoglobin content in one red blood cell, but also determines how well the process of iron absorption occurs in the body.

The MCH erythrocyte index is calculated using two parameters - hemoglobin (g/l) and red blood cell count.

Calculation formula - the hemoglobin indicator is divided by the number of red blood cells and multiplied by. The index of average hemoglobin content in a red blood cell is measured in picograms (pg).

Methodology and features of analysis on MCH

In order for deciphering the MCH analysis to provide the most reliable information, doctors use a special table to compare indicators, which indicates the norm of the erythrocyte index for each age category. The MSN norm is the main guideline according to which deviations are determined.

Most high rate observed in newborns - 30 - 37 pg, by the age of one year this value is already 24 - 30 pg, by 15 years - 26 - 32 pg, from 15 to 18 years the norm is 26 - 34 pg.

In subsequent years, in the absence of pathologies, the MCH level remains unchanged until the age of 65. At this age, in both men and women, most values ​​in the blood test change, including the hemoglobin content in the red blood cell.

The MCH norm for women and men aged 18–45 years is the same and is 27–34 pg. For women aged 45 - 65 years, the norm is 27 - 34 pg, while the norm for men is slightly higher - 27 - 35 pg.

The norm for women after 65 years is 27 - 35 pg, and for men, on the contrary, the figure decreases - 27 - 34 pg.

A blood test for MCH is performed in the same way as a general one - from a finger prick. This procedure is almost painless, takes a minute and does not require complex preparation.

However, for a general blood test to show real results, some preparatory measures will still be needed.

The main rule: any blood test is always performed only on an empty stomach. This means that eating must be stopped 8 to 12 hours before the procedure.

In addition, on the eve of the day when the general analysis is scheduled, you should not drink alcohol or abuse products containing caffeine.

Any laboratory analysis is a starting point diagnostics Therefore, neglecting these rules means jeopardizing your own health.

Decoding increased indicators

The results of each blood test are presented in the conclusion of the analysis. But to understand these terms, you need a professional interpretation.

A sign of pathology can be considered indicators that are higher or lower than accepted norm. Based on the nature of the deviations, the causes that caused them are determined and, thus, the disease is diagnosed.

If the MCH index is elevated, then this condition is usually regarded as hyperchromia. This term refers to the pathological state of red blood cells, accompanied by an increase in hemoglobin content.

At the same time, a higher hemoglobin indicator does not mean that the pigment concentration has become higher, since most often the causes of pathology lie in an increase in the volume of red blood cells.

Hyperchromia is general concept, implying several various types anemia, which in itself is already a sign of pathology.

That is, the reasons that increase the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells are related to the total volume of cells, and not to the concentration of pigment in a single blood cell.

The MCH may be increased due to:

• pronounced leukocytosis;
• cold agglutinins;
• destruction of red blood cells;
• monoclonal proteins in the blood;
• high concentration of heparin;
• increased content of fats in the blood.

Hyperchromic anemia is usually associated with excess hemoglobin, the level of which is increased in megaloblastic anemia. This disease is characterized by the appearance of megaloblasts.

The main causes of megaloblastic anemia are vitamin B12 deficiency, B9 deficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, the effect of various medications prescribed for malignant tumors, rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, epilepsy, HIV infection.

The MCH index may be elevated if liver disease, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, tumors, leukemia, or aplastic anemia are diagnosed.

Also, the hemoglobin level may be increased with hypothyroidism. Often the MCH index is elevated in people who have been taking contraceptives for a long time.

In some cases, incorrect calculations may occur during blood tests. Therefore, if the general conclusion of the analysis indicates that the MCH index is elevated, then this is not yet a reason to sound the alarm.

It is quite possible that the reasons for the anomaly lie in incorrect calculations.

Decoding of reduced indicators

The most common reason why MCH levels may be low (hypochromia) is considered to be iron deficiency anemia.

This is explained by the fact that the main factor determining the amount of hemoglobin is the process of its synthesis.

When this process is disrupted (slowed down or stopped), the amount of hemoglobin decreases.

If the erythrocyte index is low, then this is a symptom:

• long-term lead intoxication;
• posthemorrhagic anemia of a chronic nature;
• hemoglobinopathies;
• hypothyroidism;
• microcytic and normocytic anemia;
• thalassemia;
• hypovitaminosis;
• inflammatory processes that disrupt iron metabolism.

More detailed transcript analysis involves the use of data obtained from the study of hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean erythrocyte volume (MCV).

A decrease in the erythrocyte MCH index negatively affects the biochemical processes of the body, which manifests itself in the general condition of the patient.

In most cases, patients complain of general weakness, pallor, dry hair and skin, the appearance of cracks in the corners of the mouth, a feeling of numbness in the limbs, curvature of the nails, arrhythmia.

To improve your well-being, you need to pay attention to the quality of your diet and daily routine - include more iron-containing foods and vitamins in your diet, especially B12, and ensure proper rest.

Along with this, it is important to undergo a general blood test and undergo a course of therapy prescribed by a doctor.