Women's diseases. Diseases of the female sphere: species diversity. Stages of menopause, phases, stages

According to statistics, it is after 45–50 years that the majority of health problems arise among representatives of the stronger sex. At this age () it is necessary to completely reconsider your lifestyle, habits and, of course, undergo an examination in order to assess the state of your health. Diseases that most often affect men over 50 years of age include: hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, prostatitis,. Also one of the serious problems is, which, by the way, many, out of ignorance, do not even consider a disease. In addition, men who have celebrated their fiftieth birthday often experience depression, which causes the development of other diseases. The risk of all these and other pathologies is twice as high in men suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction, and smokers.

Preventive examination by a therapist (dispensary examination)

In order to undergo a preventive examination, it is enough to make an appointment with a therapist at a clinic or at a special diagnostic center.

After clarifying health complaints (which many men at this age do not have), the doctor will examine the patient. Based on the results of the life history and examination, the therapist will be able to assess the degree of risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

A very important procedure during the examination is measuring blood pressure. Arterial hypertension diagnosed at an early stage is much easier to treat, and the likelihood of developing complications of the disease is several times reduced.

The therapist refers all men over 50 years of age to an electrocardiography (ECG), which is also necessary to identify heart pathologies. Very often, the initial stages of diseases are asymptomatic, but their signs can be seen from the results of an ECG.

In addition, the examination includes general analysis urine, stool occult blood test, clinical and biochemical analysis s blood. Special attention should be given to the latter, since its results can be used to evaluate the work of the most important organs: liver, kidneys, pancreas, etc.

It is important to determine your blood sugar levels to identify possible impaired glucose tolerance. In many cases, minor disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism can be dealt with with the help of (table No. 9). In more serious and advanced cases, the doctor may prescribe glucose-lowering drugs. Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that must be constantly monitored, since impaired carbohydrate metabolism significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, nephro- and (retinal damage).

An equally important indicator of a biochemical blood test is cholesterol, and all men after 50 years of age are recommended to perform a complete lipid profile, which determines not only the level of total cholesterol, but also its fractions (lipoproteins of varying densities) and triglycerides.

All men over 50 years of age must undergo fluorography annually - a study that allows diagnosing diseases of the lungs and other organs of the chest cavity.

Men aged 50 years are also sent to ultrasonography abdominal organs.

Based on the results of the examination and the above examinations, the therapist can identify diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, liver, kidneys, pancreas and other organs. If necessary, the doctor will refer the patient for further examination and consultation with other specialists.

What other doctors should I visit?

Urologist

The Cancer Society and the Urological Association recommend that all men over the age of fifty (if any) undergo an annual preventive examination by a urologist. additional factors risk - earlier). It is at this age that the risk of developing prostate adenoma and cancer increases significantly. In addition, according to statistics, almost half of men over 50 years old face problems in the intimate sphere, but only 15% of them go to the doctor, and erectile dysfunction at this age in the vast majority of cases is a symptom of some other disease.

The doctor performs a digital rectal examination of the prostate: an unpleasant procedure (although practically painless), but necessary for the primary diagnosis of prostate pathologies. In addition, all men over 50 years of age must undergo a blood test to detect the level of PSA (prostate-specific antigen), a tumor marker that determines prostate tumor diseases.

Ophthalmologist

Men over 50 years old should definitely visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year, especially if they already have vision problems, hypertension or diabetes. It should be noted that the ophthalmologist often detects changes in the retina and optic nerve that are a consequence of diseases of other organs and systems of the body.

Men over 50 years old need to pay attention to the state of their immunity. It was at this age protective forces the body weakens, people are susceptible to colds, and exacerbations of chronic diseases occur more often. One of the predisposing factors to the development of diseases such as prostatitis or hemorrhoids in men is precisely the deterioration of immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the immune system in all available ways.

It's time to reconsider your diet. Men, unlike women, pay much less attention to nutrition, and as a result, by the age of 50, more than half of the male population suffers from obesity and disease digestive system. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of coffee, alcohol, fatty, spicy, fried foods, give up fast food and add more plant-based, protein foods and dairy products to the diet. Proper nutrition is also one of the ways to prevent many age-related diseases. If you decide to seriously adjust your diet and start eating healthy, then you should switch to a new diet gradually.

Smoking is the most common bad habit among the male population, and by the age of 50, many men have been smoking for decades. Unfortunately, most of them begin to struggle with nicotine addiction only when the doctor makes a diagnosis, or even after a heart attack. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing many diseases several times, even among long-time smokers. Therefore, if you have not yet quit smoking, now is the time to do it.

Many people believe that the older you get, the more you need to take care of yourself, so they prefer to avoid physical activity, reduce their activity, and prefer to rest more. But it’s not for nothing that popular wisdom says: “Movement is life.” Physical activity is necessary to prevent obesity, diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and also to maintain vitality. Fifty years is the age at which any physical activity is acceptable (of course, we are not talking about heavy physical work), exercises on fresh air(running, skiing, cycling) and swimming, these sports are excellent for training the heart muscle.

Which doctor should I contact?

To undergo a medical examination, you must contact a therapist. During the examination and examination, diseases can be identified, and consultations with specialized specialists are prescribed: cardiologist, endocrinologist, urologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, ophthalmologist. To correct your diet, it is useful to consult with a nutritionist, and to give up bad habits - with a narcologist.

People endure age-related changes differently. How a woman over 50 should stay healthy and what she needs to know so that health problems typical of old age are not taken by surprise. what aspects to pay attention to.

Heart and cardiovascular system

The health of a woman who has crossed the fifty-year mark is at serious risk associated with changes occurring in the body. The role of the triggering mechanism is that affecting the work of all organs and systems.

The fading of hormonal activity from female sex hormones, which occurs at this age, forces the endocrine system to include additional compensation mechanisms.

The load placed on the heart and blood vessels does not go unnoticed. At this age, it is important to regularly take a biochemical blood test. Analysis metrics other than accepted norm, will be a signal for a full examination and action.

What test indicators require monitoring?

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin, a red iron-containing blood pigment that transports oxygen to tissue cells. It is difficult to overestimate the role of hemoglobin in the body, but with age, its level can change in one direction or another.

A hemoglobin level of 110-150 g/l in a woman over 50 years of age is considered normal.

Minor deviations of 4-5% should not cause alarm, but a noticeable decrease or increase in the indicator requires attention.

Reduced hemoglobin threatens cell hypoxia, including brain cells. The woman feels a loss of strength, decreased activity, fatigue, absent-mindedness, and decreased memory.

Hypoxia of the heart muscle threatens cardiac dysfunction.

The causes of iron deficiency and development are:

• unbalanced monotonous diet;
• lack of vitamin C;
• blood loss as a result of injuries, bleeding;
• physical inactivity;
• dysfunction thyroid gland;
• stress

Elevated hemoglobin levels are not uncommon after age 50. In this case, blood viscosity increases, there is a risk of blood clots, and microcirculation in the blood vessels is disrupted. Vital organs suffer: brain, heart, spleen, endocrine glands, liver, kidneys.

The reasons for increased hemoglobin are:

• excessive loads;
• endocrine disorders of the thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus;
• heart failure;
• intestinal obstruction;
• severe dehydration;
• heart disease

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is involved in the synthesis of sex hormones and is involved in the functioning of the liver and adrenal glands. Lack of cholesterol causes disruptions in the functioning of the immune and other systems. However, low-density cholesterol forms dense accumulations on the walls of blood vessels - plaques, narrowing the lumen of veins and arteries.

The norm for women over 50 years of age is 4.2 -7.7 mmol/l.

Depending on age, fluctuations are possible, but the optimal total cholesterol level is considered to be up to 5.2 mmol/l.

Blood sugar

Glucose, blood sugar, is normally between 3.3 and 5.5 mmol/l.

ABOUT increase in sugar testify:

1. constant thirst
2. dry mouth
3. tingling of the facial skin (near the eyebrows, in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle)
4. frequent urge to urinate for no other reason
5. long-term non-healing wounds, abrasions
6. skin diseases
7. weight loss or speed dial
8. acetone smell from skin

A consistently elevated glucose level signals the development of diabetes; hormonal changes in the body become an additional threatening factor.

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is a pigment, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, found in the blood in bound and free form. The norm is 8.5 -20.5 µmol/l.

The reasons for increased bilirubin levels are:

• hemolytic anemia
• diseases, liver dysfunction
• vitamin B12 deficiency
• severe intoxication of the body

Signs of high bilirubin levels in the body:

1. yellow skin tone
2. yellowness of the sclera of the eyes
3. nausea, vomiting
4. fatigue, weakness
5. dark colored urine
6. colorless stool

This condition is dangerous for the central nervous system, leads to inhibition of functions, and threatens intoxication of organs and tissues.

There are conditions in which bilirubin is reduced:

1. tuberculosis
2. unbalanced diets
3. cardiac ischemia
4. anemia
5. malignant neoplasms in the liver

A general blood test will allow you to assess the level of red blood cells, leukocytes, ESR and judge the possible pathological processes in organism.

Genitourinary area

During this period, follicles stop being produced by the ovaries, and the balance of female sex hormones shifts. A woman feels hot flashes, characterized by:

• sensation of sudden heat in the head, face
• sweating
• tachycardia
• unreasonable feelings of anxiety
• sharp jumps blood pressure

At the same time, libido decreases and the woman loses interest in sex.

Frequent urge to urinate, even to the point of urinary incontinence, is also explained by hormonal changes.

When there are problems with the kidneys, the level of uric acid. Hyperurecemia is a sign of the development of gout, and may also indicate other diseases:

• blood cancer
• iron deficiency anemia
• liver and gallbladder diseases
• acute infectious diseases
• chronic eczema, skin diseases
• diabetes
• kidney disease
• acidosis

An important point regarding women's health is breast examination, since the risk of developing breast cancer increases with age.

Thyroid

By the age of half a century it wears out, a woman can observe signs of dysfunction:

1. sudden weight gain and loss without changing diet;
2. unmotivated mood swings;
3. muscle weakness;
4. chills;
5. headache;
6. changing taste priorities;
7. swelling of the face;
8. hearing loss;
9. hoarseness of voice;
10. hypertension;
11. weakness, drowsiness, absent-mindedness, forgetfulness;
12. dry skin

An endocrinologist will be able to assess the condition of the thyroid gland by prescribing tests for thyroid hormones and TSH, the hormone that coordinates its work.

Lack of iodine from childhood can cause serious problems in old age.

Musculoskeletal system

is a serious problem of our time; by the age of 50, every second woman in the world suffers from this disease.

It is characterized by a decrease in bone mass. Bones become excessively fragile, and the risk of fractures and injuries increases.

Additional risk factors include:

• onset of menopause
• chronic endocrine diseases
• diseases of the digestive, genitourinary, circulatory systems
• smoking
• physical inactivity
• calcium deficiency
• alcohol abuse
• dystrophy

In addition, osteochondrosis of various parts of the spine, radiculitis, and neuritis are worsening.

beauty and health

To keep your body in good shape, it is important not to take age-related changes, as an inevitability, but to force yourself to maintain beauty and health.

Physical activity for women after 50

Within reasonable limits physical exercise For women over fifty years of age, they are not only not contraindicated, but, on the contrary, recommended.

• in the morning it will help the body wake up, get into the daily rhythm, disperse blood to the muscles and tissues;
• complex exercises aimed at increasing muscle mass(in the gym or at home) will help protect bones and ligaments. These include squats, pull-ups, push-ups;
• outdoor walks, race walking, nordic walking with ski packs is beneficial not only to the muscles, but also to the cardiovascular system and skin. Walks should last at least 40 minutes, cardio exercise involves moving at maximum speed.

Proper nutrition

Slowdown metabolic processes inevitably entails a set of extra pounds.

Losing weight is based on two basic points:

• nutrition adjustments
• physical activity

Diet involves reducing the calorie content of food:

• preference for foods rich in fiber, which stimulate the activity of the stomach and intestines;
• eating vegetables and fruits will provide the necessary supply of vitamins;
• sweet, floury, fatty foods not only increase weight, but also significantly increase the risk of vascular atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, strokes and heart attacks;
• Fish and seafood are recommended, it is better to avoid red meat

Obese people create additional stress on the heart, suffer from shortness of breath, tachycardia, and hypertension.

Dream

A full night's sleep should last at least eight hours; early bedtime is encouraged, up to 10 p.m. It is during this period, at rest, that a woman’s body produces the hormone of youth – melatonin.

Psychological health

Stress and psychological overload are contraindicated at any age, but after 50 it is very important to remain calm, cheerful and optimistic, despite hormonal “storms”. Walking, swimming, positive emotions will help.

If a woman does not receive the required amount of vitamins and microelements from food, then it is necessary to take, for example, “Alphabet”.

Life after fifty not only does not end, but, on the contrary, for many women it is just beginning. You can give advice on how to eat, move, live, but every woman after 50 with the onset of menopause should not stop feeling attractive, confident, and beautiful.

Monitoring nutrition, weight and health indicators will replace treatment and will allow a woman to maintain her health after 50 and remain at her usual level.

Unfortunately, youth disappears with age irrevocably, and every woman can feel this herself - unwanted processes begin in the body, which cannot be prevented. Despite this, there are many simple secrets on how to postpone old age for a significant period of time or simply not notice its onset. Expert advice, useful recommendations and rules will help maintain and improve the health of a woman after 50 years.

What changes occur in the body

50 years is the milestone after which full maturity begins; it is at this age that irreversible processes begin in the female body. Changes affect almost every organ - disruptions in the functioning of the heart, stomach, intestines begin, the condition of the musculoskeletal system and nervous system worsens.

Youth fades with age, and this fact, unfortunately, cannot be changed. Approaching fifty years of age, a woman can...

In some cases, everything can end in a heart attack, although women most often suffer from angina pectoris and hypertension.

Digestive

If you have followed the rules of proper nutrition throughout your life, there are no special difficulties with the digestive tract. Intestinal motility does not change, the stomach continues to function in the same rhythm. Only the abuse of junk food can cause some changes - ulcers, gastritis, colitis.

Nervous

Prolonged stress and nervous disorders can be harmful at any age, but after 50 such outbursts of emotions are especially undesirable - they can bring a lot of trouble. You should prepare for the fact that during this period, many women begin menopause, which, in turn, has an adverse effect on the nervous system - irritability, sleep problems, and instability of emotions appear.

Reproductive

Having a child in old age is a rather rare occurrence, and it depends not on the woman’s reluctance, but on changes in the body. The ovaries stop producing follicles, hormonal balance is disrupted, and interest in sexual activity disappears. Menopause is accompanied by the following unpleasant symptoms:

• there is a feeling of heat in the head area;
• blood pressure rises;
• observed copious discharge sweat;
• dryness of the genitals is felt.

During menopause, most important organs suffer, since a lack of hormones can impair the functioning of all systems.

Endocrine

Among the organs endocrine system wears out the most with age thyroid, which can be affected by hormonal release, iodine deficiency throughout life, and poor nutrition. The following signs indicate a problem:

• obesity or rapid weight loss without changes in diet;
• muscle weakness;
• frequent headaches;
• blood pressure problems;
• swelling on the face;
• voice changes;
• hearing problems.

Another problem that can arise with thyroid diseases is dryness of the skin of the face, leading to the formation of numerous wrinkles.

What you should especially pay attention to

It is not necessary to resign yourself to all the unpleasant and undesirable changes in the body - there are many ways that allow you to avoid irreversible processes. The main thing is to carefully monitor your health. You won’t be able to cope with this on your own; it is important to visit specialists in a timely manner, take the necessary tests, and undergo recommended studies.

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is responsible for the complete enrichment of the lungs and heart with oxygen. Its low level in the blood can lead to unpleasant consequences - iron deficiency anemia, problems with the brain. An increase in hemoglobin is no less dangerous and can result in thrombosis.

Cholesterol

An excess of this organic substance in the blood can cause a narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels, which will inevitably lead to a deterioration in the nutrition of organs. If a problem occurs with the vessels supplying the heart, serious diseases can develop - angina pectoris, heart attack, ischemia. Lack or excess of cholesterol most often worries women suffering from obesity, diabetes, and liver pathologies.

Read also

Exist physiological indicators, directly or indirectly indicating health status. These include...

Blood sugar

It is recommended to strictly control sugar levels after 50 years. A careless attitude towards indicators can result in development, and this happens most often in old age. The first signs of the disease are frequent urge to urinate and unbearable thirst.

Bilirubin

The breakdown of hemoglobin leads to the formation of bilirubin in the body. This pigment is no less dangerous and can cause liver pathologies, jaundice, and anemia. Prevent dangerous manifestations There is only one way - regular visits to the doctor.

What diseases are people predisposed to after fifty?

In old age, women are often faced with a whole “bouquet” of diseases, each of which is quite serious and requires special treatment. Among the most dangerous diseases are:

• stroke;
• development of diabetes mellitus;
• thyroid diseases;
• heart attack;
• oncological diseases;
• anemia;
• problems with the liver, kidneys;
• hypertension;
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system
• pathologies of internal organs that occur after uterine prolapse.

This is not the entire range of diseases that can develop in old age; in some cases there is a risk of developing colorectal cancer. A visit to the doctor is the only opportunity to determine what problems are developing in the body and begin to eliminate them in a timely manner.

A mandatory condition that must be strictly observed by women after 50 is regular examination by specialists. It is recommended to visit the doctor every six months - this ensures that the disease can be detected and timely treatment can begin, preventing the disease from developing.

You should consult a doctor immediately if the slightest sign illness or when your health deteriorates. Self-medication is not encouraged - only a specialist can determine how dangerous the symptoms are.

Endocrinologist

A qualified specialist is able to promptly identify diabetes mellitus and problems with the thyroid gland. In addition to identifying pathologies, the endocrinologist evaluates the activity of the glands and, if necessary, recommends visiting other doctors. This will allow for in-depth research and to determine the presence of more serious pathologies.

Neuropathologist

Examination and research conducted by a neurologist can determine disturbances in blood flow in the brain, the presence of diseases of the central nervous system, which can result in radiculitis or osteochondrosis. If there are additional risk factors ( excess weight,

Surgeon

With the help of a surgeon, the presence of vascular lesions of the lower or upper extremities can be determined. It could be varicose veins, endarteritis. Hemorrhoids and urolithiasis disease are also determined by the surgeon, and you need to go to a specialist at the first symptoms of the disease.

Oculist

Visual impairment is a problem that almost always comes with age. A visit to the ophthalmologist will allow you to determine your visual acuity and examine the fundus of the eye (this procedure allows you to check the condition of the blood vessels). During the examination, eye pressure is measured, which will allow timely detection of glaucoma.

Oncologist

With age, the risk of cancer increases several times. Particular attention is usually paid to patients who are at risk (long-term work in hazardous industries, heredity). Regular visits to a specialist allow you to timely determine the presence of malignant tumors and apply effective treatment.

Gynecologist

Passing examinations from a gynecologist is a mandatory condition for every woman who has crossed the fifty-year mark. Gynecological studies make it possible to determine not only the inevitable changes in the female body associated with the reproductive system, but also to promptly identify oncological diseases that can develop in the internal genital organs.

Cardiologist

There is always a risk of cardiovascular disease in older women, so visiting a cardiologist is a must for maintaining health. A survey must be completed to determine the presence hereditary factors, bad habits. Special studies, including ultrasound, cardiogram, Holter monitoring are mandatory procedures to determine the presence of the disease.

To maintain health, having crossed the fifty-year mark, be sure to regularly visit specialists. The recommended number of preventive examinations per year is at least two.

We should not forget that diseases can be expected at every step. Be sure to contact a specialist if you notice even minor health problems. Precautionary measures will allow you to detect even hidden diseases in a timely manner.

The onset of menopause at 50 is considered normal. Deviations up or down are also possible. Much depends on heredity. If unpleasant signs appeared at this age, then there is practically no doubt about the cause. A woman is mentally prepared for the beginning of a new period in life. Smoothing agents help relieve symptoms hormonal changes, calming the nervous system. It is necessary to be attentive to any health problems and consult a doctor in a timely manner. This will help you stay active and vigorous for many years to come.

Content:

When and why does menopause occur in women?

The onset of menopause is associated with the aging of the body, the gradual cessation of the production of female sex hormones in the ovaries, and the depletion of the supply of eggs. Due to the lack of these substances, the functioning of all systems is disrupted, so a woman develops various ailments and even serious diseases, and her appearance also changes. Hormonal changes occur over several years, after which menstruation stops and fertility fades.

Menopause is conventionally divided into 3 periods:

1. Premenopause is the time when the first signs of decline appear reproductive function.
2. Menopause is the complete cessation of menstruation. This period is considered to have occurred if they have not been present for 1 year.
3. Postmenopause is the completion of hormonal changes, after which obvious manifestations of hormonal changes disappear, but the consequences of a lack of female hormones remain.

The normal age for the cessation of menstruation is considered to be 48-55 years. But signs of the onset of menopause in women appear already by 40-45. And the postmenopausal period sometimes occurs only after 60 years.

Menopause that begins before the age of 45 is considered early. Its cause may be ovarian surgery, endocrine diseases, consumption hormonal drugs, genetic characteristics of the organism.

Heredity is considered the main factor determining the onset of menopause. As a rule, grandmother, mother and daughter experience menopause at approximately the same age. But there are other factors that can accelerate the aging of the body and the onset of menopause. These include the socio-psychological climate and conditions in which the woman lives, the nature of the traumas and illnesses she has experienced.

Symptoms of menopause

If menopause occurs in a 40-45-year-old woman, then she will most likely associate interruptions in her cycle, changes in the nature of her periods, and the appearance of ailments with some disease. In order to dispel doubts about their nature, special tests may be needed to confirm that irreversible hormonal processes are occurring in the body.

At the age of 51-55 years, a woman is usually already expecting the arrival of menopause and is unlikely to miss the appearance of its first signs:

• increasingly scanty periods, occurring with increasing intervals;
• causeless short-term feeling of heat;
• blood pressure surges;
• attacks of irritability;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• decreased sex drive.

Note: Symptoms at this age are not so painful for many women. Realizing that they are natural, women do not always pay due attention to them. Meanwhile, the risk of developing serious diseases at this time increases significantly.

50 is a critical age at which most women begin to experience illnesses that arise due to a lack of sex hormones.

Menstrual disorders

Menstruation comes with a break of 2-6 months, bleeding is replaced by spotting brown discharge until it disappears completely. If a woman is over 50 years old, then she has an increased likelihood of developing malignant tumors, the only symptom of which in the early stages is bloody issues. Therefore, she is recommended to undergo annual preventive examinations with a gynecologist, so as not to miss the onset of a deadly disease behind the symptoms of menopause.

Osteoporosis

Due to the slowdown in metabolic processes in the body, the absorption of nutrients from food is significantly reduced. Lack of calcium and magnesium leads to deterioration of bone tissue. Bones become more fragile and the risk of fractures increases. In addition, collagen production decreases, which leads to the destruction of cartilage. As a result, pain appears in the joints (arthritis) and spine. Gait and posture change, height decreases.

Metabolic disease

The reason is the deterioration of the digestive system, liver, and biliary organs due to aging of body tissues. Violation of water-salt, fat, carbohydrate metabolism leads to an increase in body weight or sudden weight loss, to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases.

Malfunctions of the digestive system lead to constipation. This can cause prolapse of internal organs (uterus, intestines and others). This also contributes to weakening of muscles and ligaments due to lack of collagen.

Vaginal dryness

At 51-55, all women suffer from this disease. The functioning of the glands that produce mucus in the cervix practically stops. Lack of lubrication leads to the fact that the surface of the vagina becomes vulnerable, microcracks and areas of atrophy appear on it. Since mucus also plays a protective role, preventing infection from entering the uterus, when it is deficient, women often experience inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. A woman is worried about pain in the bladder, frequent urination, burning and itching in the genitals, unusual discharge.

Nervous system disorders

They cause character changes. A sweet and meek woman can become irritable and aggressive. The appearance of depression, causeless anxiety, fear, apathy, and insomnia is a sign of the onset of menopause at any age. But in youth it is easier to cope with them, while in old age there is added fear of being left without work, becoming unnecessary for adult children, and panic about the impending deterioration in health.

Hot flashes, resulting from a disorder of the autonomic nervous system and disruption of the thermoregulation centers of the brain, occur in most women during menopause at the age of 50, as well as at other ages. For some, attacks occur occasionally, lasting 5-15 minutes, for others they are long-lasting and very frequent, depriving women of strength. Hot flashes are accompanied by profuse sweating, redness of the face, lack of air, increased heart rate.

Cardiovascular pathologies

The lack of estrogen primarily affects the condition of the heart muscle and blood vessel walls. It is at 50-55 that a woman develops symptoms of heart disease (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, ischemia), and experiences attacks of hypertension and headaches in the morning.

Warning: You should not put off visiting a doctor when the first symptoms of such pathologies appear. The earlier treatment is started, the greater the chances of delaying the development of the disease or getting rid of it. The main thing is not to self-medicate. Sometimes lost time becomes the cause of the most severe complications.

A woman at this age needs to undergo at least once a year general examination: check blood sugar levels, do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs in order to notice the occurrence of uterine diseases in time, undergo preventive gynecological and mammological examinations. It is important to seek advice from a therapist, urologist, cardiologist, and endocrinologist in a timely manner.

Additional signs of the onset of menopause are dry skin and a sharp increase in the number of wrinkles, hair loss on the head, hair growth on the face, a decrease in pubic and armpit hair, sagging (involution) of the mammary glands, a sharp deterioration in vision, hearing, memory, dental condition, numbness fingers on hands.

What determines the severity of menopause?

The severity of symptoms is influenced by the following factors:

• general health, presence of diseases of the ovaries and uterus, endocrine disorders;
• number of pregnancies, births, abortions, operations on the uterus and ovaries;
• presence or absence of sexual activity, sexual activity;
• state of immunity, physical form;
• lifestyle, presence or absence of bad habits.

Video: Signs of menopause, why pathologies develop, which of them are especially dangerous

How to ease the symptoms of menopause

If a woman has a hard time with the onset of menopause, painful attacks of hot flashes, headaches, signs of osteoporosis, cardiovascular and other disorders appear too often, the therapist refers her to medical specialists and also recommends a blood test for hormones. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy is used to relieve the symptoms of menopause and prevent the development of diseases. Preparations based on female sex hormones can increase their content in the body and slow down the aging process. They are selected for each patient strictly individually, since exceeding the norm threatens the occurrence of obesity and cancer.

Sedatives and drugs to strengthen the immune system are also prescribed. When women reach menopause at the age of 50, vitamins are especially needed: A, C, PP, E, D, K, group B, as well as mineral components based on calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, iodine, selenium. Therefore, doctors recommend taking them in the form of complex preparations.

Moderate sports (swimming, cycling, race walking), hardening the body, and fighting excess weight make this period easier. We must try to react more calmly to stress that provokes the development of hypertension and heart disease. It is necessary to give up smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, too spicy food and strong coffee.

Video: How to relieve symptoms yourself. Psychologist's advice

Diseases of the female organs are not a rare problem; most women sooner or later encounter their manifestations in their lives. Such diseases can be of different nature: inflammatory, hormonal, hyperplastic, that is, the occurrence of various neoplasms.

• Women's diseases
• Bartholinitis
• Ovarian cyst
• Myoma
• Endometriosis
• Ureaplasma
• Thrush
• Cellulite

The organs of the reproductive system themselves can become ill; disturbances in their functioning can cause problems in other areas. Their causes and symptoms are different, so each disease should be considered separately.

Women's diseases

Bartholinitis

Bartholinitis is one of the most common gynecological problems. With this disease, the bartholinite gland, located at the entrance to the vagina, becomes inflamed and is responsible for the production of a substance that prevents the appearance of dryness. According to statistics, many women encounter it without even suspecting that such a problem could arise.

The danger of this disease is that it causes the formation of a cyst, in some cases reaching the size chicken egg. It can provoke an abscess, and the disease can also develop from acute form becomes chronic and often recurs.

Causes

The main cause of bartholinitis is infection in the gland; this can happen in several ways. It may also appear when changing hormonal levels or after the information has been provided. The causes of bartholinitis include:

• infection due to lack of hygiene, contact with an infected partner, or other diseases;
• the presence of chronic diseases in the body;
• wearing underwear that is too tight;
• reduced immunity;
• operations with complications.

Very often, bartholinitis develops against the background of other diseases, so you should not neglect your condition, especially if other gynecological problems already exist.

Symptoms

The main symptom of the disease is pain, usually concentrated in the labia, which intensifies with urination and sexual intercourse. Their tissues become very red and swelling may occur.

When an abscess occurs, symptoms of intoxication are observed. The woman feels unwell, her body temperature rises to 40 degrees, chills, nausea and headache may appear.

Important! If there are signs of an abscess, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.

Bartholinitis is especially dangerous during pregnancy; the fetus can become infected.

Uterine prolapse is an unnatural position of this organ, below its anatomical norm. Also called pelvic organ prolapse, this condition is usually caused by weakness of the pelvic muscles.

This condition usually occurs in women who have undergone pregnancy, also in the risk group of people of pre-retirement age, with an insufficient level of physical activity, poor diet, provoking frequent constipation and bloating. Also, uterine prolapse can be a complication of surgery.

Symptoms

There are not many symptoms of uterine prolapse or prolapse, but they all speak quite clearly about this disease. It all starts with pain in the lower abdomen, usually radiating to the lower back. Then other symptoms of uterine prolapse appear.

1. Sensation of squeezing in the pelvic area.
2. Frequent urge to urinate, constipation.
3. The appearance of excessive, sometimes bloody, discharge.
4. Menstrual irregularities.
5. The occurrence of pain and difficulty during sexual intercourse, late stages complete impossibility of their accomplishment.
6. Sensation of a foreign body in the vagina.

Important! Some of these symptoms may indicate other diseases; consultation with a specialist is required.

Uterine prolapse – critical, last stage prolapse, when the uterus completely descends into the vagina and sometimes even comes out. This condition can occur if you do not pay attention to the first symptoms of the disease and do not start appropriate treatment in time.

At this stage, you can determine the disease yourself; the prolapsed uterus can be felt with your fingers, since it often protrudes from the vagina.

Treatment this state It can be conservative in the form of wearing a bandage or massage or surgical, it depends on the case.

Cervical dysplasia is considered a precancerous condition when there is an abnormal development of the epithelium inside it. To determine whether it poses a danger to a woman, additional testing must be carried out to show whether this condition is truly alarming and may be the first sign of impending cancer. There are several degrees of dysplasia.

The cause of the development of this condition is called the human papillomavirus, which, as it turns out, affects the development of cancer and precancerous conditions. Infection occurs from an infected partner.

There are usually no individual symptoms of cervical dysplasia; abnormal discharge or related problems may indirectly indicate it. Dysplasia can only be detected by a gynecologist during an examination.

Important! To detect dysplasia at an early stage, you should visit a gynecologist at least once a year for the purpose of prevention.

Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a neoplasm on the surface of an organ, usually filled with fluid. In some cases, the size of the cyst can reach 15-20 centimeters in diameter. In addition to non-life-threatening cysts, there are also those that can provoke the development of cancer, so their symptoms cannot be ignored.

Causes

The most common cause of the development of ovarian cysts is hormonal imbalance. This can happen for many reasons, the most common include stress, surgery, menopause and various infections sexually transmitted diseases.

Symptoms

Often, when a cyst forms, no special symptoms occur; in some cases, the neoplasm disappears on its own within a few cycles. Most reliable way to detect its presence - ultrasound. Symptoms that can indirectly indicate the formation of a cyst:

• pain in the lower abdomen, usually sharp;
• prolonged painful menstruation;
• painful sensations in the vagina;
• problems with urination;
• lumps in the lower abdomen;
• abnormal growth of body hair.

If the lump can be felt quite clearly, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Myoma

Uterine fibroids are a benign tumor that arises from the muscle and connective tissue. It occurs quite often, but, fortunately, has nothing to do with cancer.

The development of this tumor is provoked by an increased amount of estrogen, that is, the main cause of fibroids can be called various hormonal imbalances. A high likelihood of developing fibroids is present in women with a hereditary predisposition and in those who often experience stress.

Typically, this disease occurs without significant symptoms. You may notice irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back. In some cases, constipation and problems with urination occur.

Most often, fibroids are detected during a routine examination by a gynecologist, and then appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Important! Despite the fact that fibroids are not malignant, you should not delay its treatment.

Endometriosis

With endometriosis, endometrial cells lining the uterus begin to grow beyond its boundaries, affecting other organs of the female reproductive system. In extremely advanced cases, they can even migrate throughout the body, but this happens incredibly rarely.

Any obvious changes in a woman’s health can become a factor in the onset of the disease: a drop in immunity, other diseases, frequent stress and hormonal changes.

The main problem in diagnosing the disease is that it occurs with virtually no symptoms. Typically, women turn to a specialist after menstruation becomes extremely painful and intense. This is the main symptom of endometriosis. The disease can only be detected during routine medical examination at the gynecologist.

Ureaplasma

Ureaplasmosis is a sexually transmitted infection. The causative agent is a microbacterium, which is sometimes detected in completely healthy people. Ureaplasmosis is not typical women's problem, however, more than half of women often turn out to be its carriers without even knowing it.

The main cause of the disease is infection. You can become infected from a sexual partner, and an infected mother can transmit the disease to her child during childbirth.

Symptoms

Sometimes, even with infection, the disease does not develop, but if it does appear, then in women it manifests itself as follows:

• inflammation of the appendages, inflammatory diseases of the uterus;
• the appearance of kidney stones;
• miscarriages and premature births.

Ureaplasma is detected using special tests. Its very presence in the body is not an indication for treatment, but all diseases caused by it are subject to treatment.

Thrush

Thrush is one of the most common infections in women, caused by Candida fungi. He is part natural microflora, however, with decreased immunity, impaired metabolism or irrational use of antibiotics, it causes disease.

The main symptom of thrush is the appearance of copious curdled discharge with a rather pungent odor. They are usually accompanied by itching, burning, pain during urination and sexual intercourse. If the disease is not treated in time, it can become chronic and recur periodically.

Important! Only a specialist can determine the causative agent of infection after analysis.

Various discharges in women do not normally have strong smell and are relatively transparent, their absence also indicates the presence of a disease. However, if their appearance changes dramatically and other symptoms appear, such as burning, itching and pain, this may indicate an infection or other disease.

1. Thrush. The most common cause of abnormal discharge. With this infection, they are thick, curdled, and have a sharp sour smell. There is itching and burning.
2. Trichomoniasis. Discharge with this disease acquires a sharp fishy odor, becomes purulent, and yellowish in appearance. They are accompanied by severe itching and redness of the mucous membrane.
3. Bacterial vaginitis. The discharge smells fishy, ​​it becomes very liquid and takes on a gray tint. Accompanied by itching, burning and irritation of the mucous membrane.

To accurately determine whether the discharge is normal or a pathological condition, you need to consult a gynecologist.

Cellulite

Cellulite or liposclerosis is a condition in which the skin on the buttocks, abdomen, and forearms becomes uneven and lumpy. Often this is just a cosmetic defect that occurs in most women, but not a medical pathology.

The main factor in the occurrence of noticeable cellulite is a genetic predisposition; in some cases, it occurs due to hormonal imbalances and in the wrong way life.

However, in some cases it becomes more advanced and serious when normal blood and lymph circulation is disrupted, which can lead to inflammation of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Only a doctor can determine whether this condition requires attention or is normal.

All women's diseases require attention, even if at first glance they do not seem to be serious pathologies. They can lead to serious consequences. Since most of them occur without significant symptoms, it is recommended to visit a gynecologist for prevention 1-2 times a year.

lechim-prosto.ru

Health after fifty

Overcoming the milestone of 50 years, a person enters a time of everyday and professional maturity, and is also approaching the beginning of the fading of his hormonal heyday. For some it happens earlier, others experience it later. Women are more susceptible to early hormonal crisis compared to men. As the secretion of natural female hormones (estrogens) decreases, the fair sex enters the risk zone for the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, it is necessary to more carefully consider the main problems that haunt people of both sexes after the “fifty dollar”.

The cardiovascular system

In men, by this stage of life, the heart may already experience a lack of blood supply and hypoxia due to atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, which develops against the background of decades of smoking, the presence of impaired lipid metabolism, excess body weight and pathological heredity.

The situation is also worsened by the presence of hypertension, if it is not corrected in time with medication, and the presence of pressure drops that provoke hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium.

Over the years, direct toxic effects on the heart muscle could also have been caused by medicines, as well as alcohol.

In the case of a careless attitude towards one’s own body and health, and the persistence of adverse effects, men who have crossed the fifty-year threshold risk getting a detailed clinical picture of coronary heart disease with the presence of frequent painful attacks, which are included in the program of angina pectoris and heart rhythm disturbances, among which the most dangerous is atrial fibrillation arrhythmia (since in most cases it leads to a stroke).

An unfavorable option for cardiac pathologies can also be considered the presence acute heart attack myocardium, since in such cases there is always a possibility of developing a certain degree of heart failure as a result of a decrease in the contractility of the heart muscles.

Sports veterans who stubbornly refuse to reduce the intensity of exercise are at risk of developing myocardiopathy at this age, not to mention the presence of varying degrees of heart failure.

Women at this age rarely suffer from heart attacks, but arrhythmias and angina pectoris can manifest themselves after 50.

The vascular bed in both sexes may already suffer from arterial hypertension (in most cases from hypertension, less often from symptomatic surges in blood pressure due to the presence of adrenal tumors and kidney pathologies). Accordingly, the more frequent the crises and changes in blood pressure, the higher the risk of complications of vascular pathologies and damage to target organs: cerebral vessels, kidneys, retina, heart.

Stroke is the most severe complication of hypertension, which today is not uncommon in women and men barely over 50 years of age. May also be present chronic disorders cranial blood flow, which provoke disturbances in gait, hearing, sleep, memory against the background of atherosclerosis or stenosis of the vessels supplying the brain.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus also makes a serious impact on the human vascular system, mainly affecting the capillaries and arteries of the brain, limbs, eyes and kidneys, provoking the development of renal failure, progressive loss of vision and even trophic ulcers on the skin, which threaten to develop into gangrene. If type 1 diabetes is present, during this period it already becomes complicated, while type 2 diabetes is just beginning to gain momentum.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins of the legs, which began in at a young age, To at this moment Quite often it also affects the deep veins, complicating the situation with thrombophlebitis. The veins of the rectum also suffer significantly, and a hemorrhoid clinic appears with pain and bleeding. Thrombotic complications occur more often in women and men who smoke.

For smokers, a potential reality is obliterating endarteritis, which more often affects men, who are at significant risk due to the presence of thrombosis of the vessels of the lower extremities of ending up on the surgical table and even losing their legs.

Obesity

Abdominal obesity awaits those who are prone to lipid metabolism disorders. Against the background of the presence of extra pounds on the sides and abdomen, metabolic syndrome begins to develop, which includes increased blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia. For premenopausal women, the appearance of fat is a protective mechanism that serves to continue synthesizing estrogen from fat tissue as the ovaries decline, thus maintaining bone and heart protection. Therefore, excessive weight loss in women of this age is not approved due to the possibility of developing premature aging.

Musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal system begins to suffer from osteochondrosis of the spine with repeated radiculoneuritis, the latter program includes limited mobility and pain. In case of unfavorable course of metabolic processes in bones and cartilage, as well as the presence of old injuries, deforming arthrosis of the joints comes first ( mild degree) and herniated discs.

Respiratory system

The respiratory system in fifty-year-olds in the absence of advanced chronic pathologies lungs (bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, COPD) is fully compensated. Shortness of breath is usually present in smokers with inflammation and narrowing of the small bronchi and in those with heart pathologies.

Gastrointestinal tract

The esophagus and stomach at this age are not affected by anything fundamentally new, provided there are no risk factors for oncology. Ulcers continue to heal ulcers and erosions duodenum and stomach chronic gastritis have a sluggish course. An unfavorable background is considered to be the presence of atrophic processes on the mucous membrane gastrointestinal tract, since such processes require regular monitoring by a specialist and vigilance regarding malignant neoplasms.

Intestinal motility is preserved, but the likelihood of developing colonorectal cancer is slightly increased if there is a family history and risk factors (Crohn's disease, concomitant ulcerative colitis, chronic injuries to the intestinal mucosa, abuse of spices and smoking). The rectum continues to suffer from hemorrhoids, which can be aggravated by bleeding.

The liver of drug and alcohol lovers does not present any special surprises regarding the type of cirrhosis (provided that there is no infectious hepatitis). Liver cancer is a rare companion for fifty-year-olds. In most cases, there is a deterioration in the course of cholecystitis; stones appear more often in gallbladder and biliary dyskinesia is diagnosed.

The pancreas can make itself felt in those who did not follow a reasonable diet and did not limit themselves to alcohol, and also did not promptly treat chronic cholecystitis, continuing to snack on beer with a cold cutlet and “tons” of fried mushrooms. It must be remembered that with age, the body’s enzymatic abilities decrease due to a drop in the level of enzymes that decompose mushrooms, milk and alcohol. Therefore, after your fiftieth anniversary, you shouldn’t rely too much on these products, along with honey and tomatoes.

Kidneys

Kidneys that have not been damaged by pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis or urolithiasis are nothing new. However, cancer appears in them from time to time, but this happens quite rarely. To prevent kidney pathologies, you need to limit the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and various painkillers, not drink “scorched” vodka, and use “state” vodka wisely, and also promptly treat foci of infections in the pharynx and oral cavity. At this age, the kidneys most often suffer from secondary diseases, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, when the risk of deterioration of the filtration functions of the kidneys as a result of shrinkage of the glomeruli increases. Problems with urination are one of those surprises that Mother Nature prepares after fifty:

Women experience incontinence problems as a result of weakness of the pelvic floor muscles, the condition of which is significantly impaired labor activity, hormonal disorders can also be the cause.

Men may have a problem incomplete emptying urea as a result of the presence of prostate adenoma. Chronic prostatitis can also cause difficulty urinating.

Women's health

Closer to 55-59 years, the body transfers its processes to a mode of economical use of resources. Therefore, allowing us to live at the limit of our capabilities, hormonal violence loses its necessity.

Women approach menopause in different terms, which depends on different heredity and nationality. There are also deviations from the average age indicators, in both directions. Some people hit menopause at 47, while for others their 60th birthday marks the birth of a child.

In general, if this process proceeds without disruptions or jumps, then it is an absolute physiological law and is not a disaster. Another thing is when pathological menopause occurs. During menopause, a completely possible response to hormonal imbalance can be a violent disruption of work autonomic system, which is accompanied by instability of emotions, headaches and pressure surges.

But even such troubles can be relieved with the help of modern medications. The most dangerous complication of menopause is damage to the cardiovascular system, as well as osteoporosis, the frequency of which increases with age.

There was a time when the solution to the problem of menopause was considered to be hormone replacement therapy, but today there is already evidence that such a treatment method can cause the development of breast cancer; it is also worth noting that hormones are not suitable for everyone.

Cancer of the female genital organs, first of all, we are talking about breast cancer - this is the scourge of all modern representatives of the fairer sex who are approaching menopause.

If we say that cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus are inextricably linked, then breast cancer is a direct consequence of hormonal imbalance, low number of childbearing, refusal long-term feeding breasts and excessive use of hormonal means of protection against pregnancy.

Thyroid gland diseases can also be considered one of women's hormonal problems. Hypo- or hyperfunction of this organ occurs equally often against the background of tumor processes, thyroiditis and various goiters. WITH pathological changes Thyroid disease is also associated with some types of breast cancer.

Men's health

After 50 years of age, men can still be fully capable sexually, provided there are no chronic inflammatory diseases genital organs. The number of availability increases slightly erectile dysfunction against the background of vascular pathologies, but in general this does not cause a significant impact on the ability to fertilize at a given age. Instead of this sexual disorders against the backdrop of hard work, stress and nervousness - a frequent companion for this age group.

To undergo a preventive examination, you can simply take advantage of the opportunities provided by the mandatory insurance policy. health insurance or simply go to a private medical center or clinic.

Some employers provide their employees with voluntary health insurance policies, and also enter into agreements with clinics for their employees to undergo a medical examination. With some minor adjustments and additions, the average checkup after 50 should look something like this.

Blood analysis

Blood sampling for analysis is carried out on an empty stomach. You should not take medication, but it is advisable to drink a glass of water before the test.

General blood test - taking blood from a finger to determine the level of hemoglobin, platelets (for bleeding disorders), ESR and leukocytes (allergies, immunodeficiency, cancer risks, inflammatory process), red blood cells (blood thickening, exclusion of anemia).

Biochemical blood test - sampling from a vein to assess the functioning of the liver (AST, ALT, bilirubin), kidneys (creatinine, urea, total protein), blood sugar (pancreatic tumors, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus). Sodium and potassium are the main electrolytes, the level of which is required to determine the constancy of the internal environment, the risks of heart rhythm disturbances, the presence of dehydration, the risks of arterial hypertension and kidney failure. The prothrombin index indicates the state of the blood coagulation system and the risk of thrombosis.

Analysis of urine

A general urine test allows us to talk about the concentrating abilities of the kidneys and, based on urinary sediment, allows us to orient ourselves regarding the presence of pathologies of the urinary tract and kidneys. Men also have the opportunity to indirectly judge the state of the reproductive system.

ECG

Electrocardiography - at rest assesses heart rhythm, contraction frequency, the presence of enlarged parts of the heart, scars, oxygen starvation and signs of dystrophy. This study is also a screening study to select patients who are candidates for extended cardiac check-up.

Fluorography of the lungs

X-rays with moderate radiation exposure to the body can detect tuberculosis, which today is again a problem. Moreover, quite often it is not asocial individuals who become infected with it, but people with weakened immune systems. An additional challenge is primary resistant disease. In such cases, the pathology is caused by Koch bacilli, which are resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs.

In addition to tuberculosis screening, fluorography allows one to judge the presence of other diseases respiratory system(emphysema, pneumonia, industrial diseases and sarcoidosis) and positional abnormalities large vessels and heart size.

A reasonable measure is to perform fluorography every two years.

An annual study is recommended for doctors, teachers, internally displaced persons and migrants.

Examination by specialists

Therapist

An examination by a physician involves interviewing the patient, examining, measuring body weight and height, followed by calculating the body mass index, which are required to assess cardiac risks. The therapist is the initial and final stage of the medical examination. This specialist is responsible for assessing the absolute risks of developing acute vascular situations (heart attacks and strokes), conducting a preventive conversation, issuing recommendations regarding risk reduction and maintaining a correct (healthy) lifestyle.

Endocrinologist

The endocrinologist must identify diabetes mellitus or pathologies of the thyroid gland, if any. In addition to the main areas of work, this specialist also evaluates the functioning of the glands and can make recommendations for in-depth examination if indicated.

Neuropathologist

During a medical examination, a neurologist primarily aims to diagnose signs of circulatory disorders in the brain, as well as diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system, including radiculitis and osteochondrosis. As an addition to the examination, duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries is indicated for those patients who have previously suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, as well as women over 55 and men over 45 if they have three risk factors (high weight, dyslipilemia, high blood pressure).

Surgeon

The surgeon eliminates vascular lesions of the extremities (Raynaud's syndrome, obliterating endarteritis, varicose veins), as well as hemorrhoids, calculous cholecystitis and urolithiasis.

Oculist

The ophthalmologist determines visual acuity, examines the fundus of the eye, which reflects the state of the brain vessels, and also measures intraocular pressure to exclude glaucoma.

Oncological checkup

After fifty years of age, any specialist should be wary of oncology. Particular attention is paid to patients with a family history and occupational risk groups. The following manipulations are performed as a tool for timely detection of tumors:

Examination of the thyroid gland, lips and tongue with palpation.

Fecal analysis for the presence of hidden blood; based on the results of this analysis, an additional examination is carried out by a proctologist with mandatory colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

In the presence of aggravated heredity or complaints, fibrogastroduodenoscopy is performed with examination of the duodenum, stomach and esophagus.

Women must undergo mammography and consultation with a mammologist.

A gynecological examination is accompanied by the collection of material from the cervical area for cytological examination.

Ultrasound of the pelvic and abdominal organs involves more careful visualization of the pancreas, kidneys, abdominal aorta, prostate in men and ovaries and uterus in women.

Men undergo an oncology test for the presence of prostate tumors and consult a urologist.

Women donate blood for onco-testing for cervical cancer.

Cardiological checkup

Since the most dangerous pathologies, the risks of which increase with age, are cardiovascular diseases, after fifty it makes sense to undergo a thorough cardiological examination:

Questioning allows you to identify existing heart diseases and evaluate heredity and bad habits.

The blood test is complemented by a study of the level of cardiac-specific proteins in the blood, as well as markers of the risk of developing heart disease.

ECG at rest and mandatory testing under stress (treadmill or bicycle ergometry).

Daily Holter monitoring makes it possible to identify stress and nocturnal rhythm disturbances, as well as signs of oxygen starvation of the heart muscle, which cannot be determined on a regular ECG.

Daily testing of blood pressure levels.

Ultrasound of neck vessels.

Ultrasound of the thyroid gland allows you to differentiate thyrotoxicosis from ischemic heart disease.

Health after 60 years

After sixty, the risks of developing cerebral and coronary accidents progress in people with metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. In this case, women are compared with men in terms of chances.

The likelihood of developing colonorectal cancer, stomach and pancreatic cancer increases.

Both sexes begin to experience problems in terms of cerebral circulation.

The risk of all types of thrombosis from heart attacks and strokes to pulmonary embolism and thrombophlebitis of the extremities increases. The veins of the legs and pelvis become potential sources for blood clots that travel to the vessels of the heart and brain.

Particularly unfavorable is the presence of atrial fibrillation in a paroxysmal or permanent form.

TO standard set their chronic vascular disease and coronary artery disease are also accompanied by sick sinus syndrome, which at a certain stage requires the installation of a pacemaker.

Experiencing their heyday muscle atrophy, polyneuropathy and deforming osteoarthritis.

Women's health

Menopause begins to seriously harm bone tissue, causing the development of osteoporosis. The risk of developing cervical and breast cancer is slightly reduced.

Men's health

Men, just like women, enter an era of hormonal decline (extinction) and can experience menopausal disorders with cardiovascular disorders and autonomic symptoms, prostate adenoma develops and progresses.

Lifestyle and basic prevention at this age

Do not smoke or indulge in alcohol.

Limit yourself from prolonged sitting (especially with your legs tucked in) and lying in an uncomfortable position.

Do not lift weights more than 10-15 kilograms, especially when doing it in a jerk.

Do not overload the body beyond the comfortable norm in any type of physical activity.

Dedicate at least 10 hours a week to walking.

Don’t overheat, don’t be in the sun with your head uncovered, don’t get too carried away with tanning (it’s better to avoid contact with the sun altogether).

Don't get overtired and get enough sleep.

Do not take long breaks between meals and do not overeat.

Limit confectionery and flour products, sugar, salt.

Avoid fried, fatty, spicy and smoked foods altogether.

Enrich your diet with fruits and vegetables, cereals, fish and nuts.

Replace bread with bran bread or pita bread.

Instead of store-bought butter, use mustard or olive oil; it’s time to change mayonnaise to sour cream.

doctoroff.ru

Why is it coming?

Menopause is an inevitability for every person; it occurs due to age-related hormonal changes, when two hormones important for health, estrogen and progesterone, cease to be produced.

It is worth noting that this question is relevant not only for women, but also for men, only if for females this period is manifested by more pronounced physiological changes; for men it is defined as a decrease in sexual function and the risk of a number of diseases, such as adenoma, prostatitis, and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

But age is not the only reason for the onset of menopause.

The following factors can also trigger it::

• Bad habits such as smoking, alcohol, long-term use of antidepressants and narcotic substances, anabolic steroids, contraceptive hormonal drugs;
• Incorrect, sedentary lifestyle. For the proper functioning of all body systems, good blood circulation is necessary, which is disrupted when sedentary life. Ideally, a person should walk at least 10,000 steps a day, otherwise health problems begin, and one of them is premature decline of the reproductive function and reproductive system;
• Frequent stress, physical fatigue, lack of sleep. Regular nervous and physical stress removes the body from a state of balance and disrupts all physiological processes, from metabolism to the production of hormones. This is why it is so important, especially after thirty, to try to avoid stressful situations and devote at least 6 hours a day to sleep;
• Hereditary factor;
• Presence of diseases of the reproductive system, poor living conditions;
• Numerous surgical interventions in the pelvic organs, frequent abortions.

Read also about artificial menopause.

Phases

The menopausal period is divided into three phases, namely:

• Premenopause. This phase consists of the appearance of the first signs of the upcoming menopause - physiological disorders, unstable mood and other symptoms, which we will talk about in more detail a little later.
• Menopause is when the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone and the menstrual cycle stops.
• Postmenopause– complete extinction of reproductive function and hormonal changes in the body.

Each phase is characterized by its own symptoms and requires serious medical supervision.. This is the only way to avoid the negative manifestations of menopause.

Now let's look at all the questions related to the topic raised in detail.

When does menopause usually occur in women and how long does it last?

Normally, the menopausal period begins at 38-43 years of age and lasts 7-9 years. It begins with the first harbingers by which impending hormonal changes can be determined and ends with postmenopause, after the onset of which you need to monitor your health especially carefully.

Along with early menopause, late menopause is also observed, which begins at 54-56 years of age. Like early, late menopause is a pathology and may (although not necessarily) indicate the presence of diseases.

First harbingers

After thirty, a woman may encounter such harbingers of menopause as:

• The appearance of hot flashes - that is, the appearance of a feeling extreme heat accompanied by abnormal heart rhythm, increased sweating, fainting, nausea;
• Frequent migraines;
• Pressure surges;
• Abdominal pain and bloating;
• Pain in the mammary glands;
• Sleep disturbances and mood swings. Tearfulness, irritability, and instability of the emotional state appear;
• Severe aging of the skin and bad smell bodies;
• The occurrence of dry mucous membranes;
• Deterioration of the condition of hair and nails caused by a lack of hormones important for the formation of the cellular background;
• Swelling and pain in the joints;
• The appearance of bone fragility.

And the main harbinger of menopause is a disruption in the menstrual cycle, its short duration and small quantities discharge. If these signs are detected, it is necessary to visit a therapist and gynecologist to determine further measures to prepare for menopause to minimize its negative consequences for your health.

Main symptoms

Often, in the frantic pace of life and work, women do not pay due attention to their physical condition and try to ignore the first symptoms of menopause, considering them a sign of simple overwork, and begin to think about the future only with the cessation of the menstrual cycle, which is the main symptom of menopause.

The menopause phase normally lasts about a year, during which time the functioning of the ovaries completely declines.

But how to determine whether the delay occurred due to nervous exhaustion or menopause??

• Firstly, this can be determined by paying attention to the previous physiological state and menstrual cycle. If regular disturbances have been observed over the past 5-6 years, this may indicate menopause;
• During menopause, problems with heart rate and blood pressure become higher than normal;
• Dry mucous membranes are also a symptom of menopause.

But menopause can be determined more accurately at an early stage only by testing for follicle-stimulating hormone.

How to delay the onset

Studying information about the menopause, every woman thinks about the question: is it possible to delay the onset of menopause? The gynecologists' answer is positive.

In order to increase your reproductive age, you should pay attention to the following factors:

• It is important to review your diet by excluding from it fatty foods, easily digestible carbohydrates (fresh bread, confectionery), include fiber and vitamins in the diet;
• It is necessary to lead an active, mobile lifestyle. Good blood circulation stimulates the ovaries, which in turn prolongs the production of estrogen and progesterone and slows down the aging process;
• It is also necessary to stop smoking and drinking alcohol, and hormonal contraceptives;
• And lastly, after thirty, you should regularly undergo examination in the gynecologist’s office and examination of the endocrine system for timely detection the slightest violation and acceptance effective measures to eliminate them.

Read also how not to grow old during menopause.

Treatment of menopause after 50 - how to make it go painlessly?

There are very rare cases when menopause without preparation and medical care It is absolutely painless.

Medical assistance in overcoming negative manifestations menopause are as follows:

• Prescribing special hormonal drugs (they are prescribed based on blood and urine test results) to compensate for the lack of certain hormones in the blood to normalize the general condition and functioning of all body systems;
• If severe disturbances in metabolic processes are detected, anabolic spectrum drugs are prescribed to prevent premature aging and psycho-emotional disorders;
• Since menopause hits the endocrine and cardiovascular systems, based on ultrasound and cardiogram readings, medications are prescribed to improve the condition of the thyroid gland and heart muscle.

TO beneficial herbs pre- and postmenopause include:

• Red clover;
• horsetail;
• lungwort;
• liquorice root;
• calamus root;
• and some other herbs.

We have shared with you all the secrets of competent preparation for menopause and ways to reduce its negative manifestations. Be attentive to your physical condition, visit your doctor regularly for early detection of the slightest disorders and be healthy!

zhenskoe-zdorovye.com

Adnexit

Inflammatory or infection, affecting the fallopian tubes and pelvic organs. This disease may contribute to the development ectopic pregnancy or even lead to infertility.

There are several forms of adnexitis:

• chronic - develops as a result of an untreated disease;
• acute - mainly occurs against the background of an inflammatory process provoked by an infection;
• subacute - rarely occurs with inflammation of a tuberculous nature;
• purulent - mainly occurs as a result of complications of gonorrhea;
• bilateral - inflammation of both appendages due to infection;
• right-sided - only the right organs are affected;
• left-sided - only the left organs.

Signs (symptoms) of this gynecological disease acute and subacute forms in women are:

• excessive sweating;
• fever, chills, temperature above 38 degrees;
• purulent discharge;
• difficulty urinating;
• stomach hurts when pressed;
• severe pain in the sacral region is cramping in nature;
• intoxication.

The chronic form is characterized by:

• the presence of pain during intimacy and defecation;
• aching, dull pain in the sacral region;
• mucopurulent discharge;
• dysmenorrhea ( strong pain during menstruation);
• temperature above 38 degrees during periods of exacerbation.

Ovarian apoplexy

A painful condition in which there is a sudden disruption of the integrity (rupture) of ovarian tissue.

• cramping or constant pain, localized in the lower abdomen;
• nausea;
• tachycardia;
• cold sweat;
• shock stages 1-3 depending on the severity of the course;
• development internal bleeding(weakness, pallor, slow pulse, fainting, vomiting, chills).

Bacterial vaginosis

A pathological condition provoked by a qualitative and quantitative imbalance of the vaginal microflora. For a long time the disease may not show clinical signs.

Symptoms that characterize the disease:

• a large volume of discharge with a strong unpleasant odor, often white;
• discomfort when urinating;
• periodic or constant itching, which worsens during critical days;
• discomfort during intimacy;
• gluing of the labia minora.

Bartholinitis

The disease is an inflammation of the Bartholin gland, located at the vestibule of the vagina, its function is the production of mucous secretion. Basically, the disease is localized on one side.

Symptoms of bartholinitis:

• inflammation in the excretory duct of the gland (initial stage);
• blockage of the excretory duct;
• small mucopurulent discharge;
• formation of a cyst, abscess;
• painful sensations during intimacy;

The acute and chronic forms are characterized by:

• temperature up to 40 degrees;
• general malaise;
• sharp pain in the area of ​​the inflamed gland;
• discomfort or pain when walking;
• Possible enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes.

Vaginismus

The pathological condition is characterized by an involuntary sudden contraction of the convulsive nature of the muscle fibers that surround the entrance to the vagina and the pelvic floor muscles. In this case, it is impossible to insert the male genital organ into the vaginal cavity and perform sexual intercourse. Women cannot predict or control the manifestation of this condition.

Symptoms:

• severe pain when touched or in contact with the genitals;
• uncontrollable spasms in the lower abdomen, thighs, and vaginal muscle fibers.

Ectopic pregnancy

Pathology when a fertilized egg does not reach its destination, that is, the uterus, but is fixed outside it.

Main signs of the disease:

• vaginal bleeding;
• unilateral pain in the lower abdomen;
• frequent and severe vomiting and nausea;
• pain when defecating or urinating;
• shoulder pain due to bleeding;
• fatigue;
• increased sweating;
• dizziness;
• pallor.

Vulvitis

A condition where a woman's external genitalia (vulva) becomes inflamed. The vulva consists of the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the outer part urethra and the entrance to the vagina.

For acute and chronic forms of the disease, the symptoms are the same, but in the second case they manifest themselves very violently. Main signs:

• pain in the vulva, aggravated by intimacy and urination;
• swelling and redness of the outer part of the reproductive organs;
• enlargement of sebaceous glands;
• burning of the genitals;
• temperature increase;
• the formation of plaques and plaque on the external part of the genital organs;
• the formation of bubbles with liquid on the genitals inside.

Vaginal and uterine prolapse

A disease that results in a change in the position of the uterus (moves outside the vagina) or vagina. Often appears when straining.

At the initial stage, there are practically no symptoms, but as the disease develops, the following signs are observed:

• pain in the pelvic area;
• dryness of the vaginal walls;
• difficulty urinating;
• incontinence;
• thinning or thickening of the walls of the mucous membrane;
• polyps;
• leukoplakia;
• cervical elongation;
• endocervicitis;
• dysfunction of the genital organs;
• burning;
• increased urination;
• sensation of the presence of a foreign object in the vestibule of the vagina;
• with complete prolapse, part of the uterus and vaginal wall are visible.

Herpes

A viral disease characterized by a rash on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of grouped blisters. Herpes is a common disease; its causative agent is the herpes simplex virus. Most often, the disease manifests itself on the skin, eyes and external genitalia.

Symptoms:

• burning of the skin;
• malaise;
• chills (rare);
• rash in the form of crowded blisters.

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted disease transmitted through sexual intercourse. The development of the disease is often manifested by damage to the organs of the urinary system.

The main signs of the disease in women:

• pain when urinating;
• itching in the genital area and urethra;
• increased frequency of urination;
• burning and stinging;
• excretion of urine in small portions;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• purulent discharge.

Dyspareunia

This is a condition in which there is a feeling of pain or discomfort in the external part of the genital organs, unpleasant sensations occur before, after or during intimacy.

The main symptom of the disease is pain, which varies from aching to cutting. Its degree varies, some note mild discomfort, others unbearable pain, and often it is localized in one place, it all depends on the posture and situation.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A pathological condition caused by disruption of the endocrine glands that produce sex hormones, which leads to abnormal acyclic bleeding.

The main symptoms are:

• bleeding occurring between normal periods;
• cycle disruption;
• abundant bleeding lasting more than a week;
• signs of anemia;
• swelling;
• weight gain;
• dyspnea.

Ovarian dysfunction

A disease of the genital area in women, when the production of hormones is disrupted due to a disorder of the hormonal function of the ovaries.

Signs of the disease:

• irregular menstruation;
• infertility or pregnancy failure;
• cramping or nagging pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• severe premenstrual syndrome;
• dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• amenorrhea.

Breast cyst

Multiple or single pathology that forms in the cavity of the mammary gland, its contents are liquid-like, and a cystic cavity forms in the ducts.

Often the disease is asymptomatic for a long time, and after a certain amount of time it can manifest itself as a burning sensation and unpleasant (painful) sensations inside the mammary gland. Symptoms usually worsen during menstrual periods. When the cyst becomes inflamed, fever, enlarged lymph nodes and redness of the skin appear.

Ovarian cyst

A benign tumor-like formation that has liquid content and can increase in size. Cyst formation can occur in many organs and tissues. These neoplasms are distinguished by structure and causes of occurrence.

Often the disease is asymptomatic, but with a complicated course, these neoplasms manifest themselves with the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• an increase in the size of the abdomen and its asymmetry;
• menstrual irregularities;
• compression of blood vessels and organs.

Lactostasis

A disease when a nursing woman experiences stagnation of milk in the mammary glands. The manifestation of the disease is thickening of the breast tissue, this process is accompanied by pain.

The symptoms of the disease are as follows:

• pain during palpating or feeding;
• swelling;
• lump in a certain part of the breast;
• lumpiness of the affected area;
• redness of the breast or part thereof.

Breast lipoma

A benign tumor that forms from fat cells may have various shapes(round, oval, flat), soft, but when connective tissue appears in them, it becomes dense.

The disease has no obvious symptoms, the tumor is often detected by independent palpation, it does not cause pain, the exception is a large lipoma that compresses the nerve endings.

Mammalgia

A disease that causes pain unpleasant feeling in the area of ​​the mammary gland, may be accompanied by increased sensitivity, swelling and a feeling of heaviness.

Symptoms of the disease can appear individually or all at once. Basic:

• dull, aching pain in the mammary gland;
• sensation of compaction upon palpation;
• constipation;
• bloating;
• nipple discharge;
• headache;
• increase in breast size.

Mastopathy

A disease of the breast in which benign tumors form. With mastopathy, regressive and proliferative changes occur in the breast tissue. There are such types of disease:

• nodal;
• diffuse with dominance of different components (cystic, glandular, fibrous or mixed).

Cystic mastopathy is nodular formations in the form of sacs or chambers, inside of which there is fluid.

Fibrous resembles a scar because it forms connective tissue.

Mastopathy with a glandular component is a nodular formation, based on glandular tissue, which is characteristic of the mammary gland.

The most common is mixed mastopathy, the tumor formations of which usually include cells of various tissues.

Other symptoms of mastopathy:

• pain on palpation;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• swelling;
• skin rash;
• fluid appears from the nipples (rarely).

Mycoplasmosis

Gynecological infectious disease leading to inflammation of the urinary tract. This pathology develops when opportunistic bacteria of the mycoplasma family enter a woman’s body.

There are several forms of the disease: acute, fresh, sluggish, subacute and chronic.

This disease can be asymptomatic for a month, but after that it develops quite quickly and has violent symptoms.

Signs of acute form:

• itching when urinating;
• redness of the external opening of the urethra;
• gray or yellow discharge from the genitals;
• discomfort during intimacy;
• burning and itching in the genitals;
• presence of constant pain in the lower abdomen;
• lower back pain;
• threat of miscarriage or premature birth.

Symptoms of the chronic form are similar to ailments such as cystitis, vaginitis or pyelonephritis.

Uterine fibroids

A common disease among women, which is characterized by a benign neoplasm, it is localized in the myometrium (the muscular lining of the uterus). The tumor is a plexus of smooth muscle fibers; fibroids can be either multiple or single.

Signs of the disease are:

• constipation;
• prolonged menstrual flow, often with blood clots;
• uterine discharge;
• aching pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• pain when urinating;
• sharp cramping pain in the lower abdomen;
• signs of anemic syndrome;
• pain during intimacy;
• abdominal enlargement;
• miscarriages and infertility.

Thrush or candidiasis

The disease is provoked high level concentration of fungal microflora on the vaginal mucosa.

Symptoms:

• burning sensation in the external genital area;
• feeling of itching;
• pain when touching the labia;
• discomfort or pain during intimacy;
• painful process of urination;
• white cheesy type discharge.

Tubal obstruction

A condition in which the egg is unable to travel from the ovary to the uterine cavity.

Obstruction of the fallopian tubes does not affect the woman’s condition in any way; it can be detected in the presence of inflammation, which is accompanied by fever and pain in the lower abdomen. The main symptom that indicates the disease is the absence of pregnancy with regular intimacy without the use of contraceptives.

Acute mastitis

An acute inflammatory process that affects breast tissue. Most often, the disease develops in lactating primiparous women.

The main symptoms include the following:

• breast engorgement;
• an increase in the size of the gland;
• pain when expressing milk;
• redness of the skin;
• poor general health;
• the presence of compactions in the thickness of the gland.

Papilloma

Benign formation on the mucous membranes and skin of a tumor-like nature. Outwardly it looks like a nipple, but its base is narrow (pedicle), usually has a dense or soft consistency, and is brown in color. Localization of the disease on the skin is cosmetic defect, in the larynx can manifest as breathing difficulties, bleeding and ulceration.

When it enters the body, the virus manifests itself in various formations on the skin and mucous membranes. These formations can be multiple or single; the growth process is usually accompanied by itching and burning. Also symptoms of the active phase of the disease are enlarged lymph nodes, fever and chills.

Polyp of the uterine body and cervical canal

A pathological condition in which the cells of the glandular epithelium of the endocervix or endometrium grow and divide, causing chronic inflammation of these areas.

Then nagging pain in the lower abdomen, minor bleeding and menorrhagia may appear.

Habitual miscarriage

A condition in which more than two pregnancies in a row end in spontaneous abortion without outside intervention. Usually, termination of pregnancy occurs in the first trimester, sometimes the woman does not even know that she was pregnant.

Main features:

• cramping pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• bleeding;
• bloody issues.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A condition in a woman's body when the ovaries overreact to ovulation-stimulating drugs. Typically, ovarian stimulation is used in the treatment of infertility and anovulatory cycles. The purpose of this process is to achieve normal ovulation in a woman.

As the disease develops, symptoms appear that may differ depending on the severity of the disease:

Leaks easily

• discomfort or slight pain in the lower abdomen;
• slight swelling of the legs;
• periodic bloating and feeling of heaviness;
• sometimes deterioration in health.

• palpable pain in groin area;
• pain in the sacrum and lower abdomen;
• vomiting, nausea, diarrhea;
• decreased amount of urine and urination;
• dizziness, weakness, flickering in the eyes;
• bloating and heaviness in the abdomen;
• swelling of the external genitalia and legs;
• increase in body weight.

• severe pain of a bursting nature in the sacrum, groin area, abdomen and tailbone, intensified by any movement of the body;
• severe swelling of the body;
• hypotension;
• violation of acts of urination;
• difficulty breathing, shortness of breath;
• accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum, increase in the size of the abdomen;
• repeated vomiting and nausea;
• heart rhythm disturbance;
• temperature increase;
• dizziness, weakness.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A disease in which cystic growths with liquid contents form in the ovarian cavity.

Main symptoms of the disease:

• disruptions of the menstrual cycle;
• polycystic ovaries;
• excessive production of male hormones;
• difficulty conceiving or inability to become pregnant;
• diabetes mellitus type 2;
• darkening of the skin on the inner thighs, neck, or armpits.

Premenstrual tension syndrome

The disease is a set of symptoms (signs) preceding menstruation, which explains the pathological course of the second phase of the cycle.

Signs of PMS are divided into physical and psychological, the former include:

• swelling of the mammary gland;
• vomiting, nausea;
• increased sensitivity and pain in the mammary glands;
• diarrhea, constipation;
• headache, migraine;
• pain in the lumbar region, joints, muscles;
• facial hyperemia;
• tachycardia;
• pastiness of the lower extremities;
• increased frequency of urination.

Psychological symptoms include:

• state of depression;
• mood alternation;
• insomnia or prolonged sleep;
• aggressive behavior;
• irritability;
• panic state;
• mnestic disorders;
• suicidal thoughts.

Syphilis

A sexually transmitted disease, which affects all human organs, develops over a long period of time in a wave-like manner.

The first symptom of infection with the disease is the formation of multiple or single ulcers, which is called chancre. Other signs gradually appear:

• enlarged lymph nodes (mainly inguinal);
• weakness;
• pain in joints and muscles;
• low-grade fever;
• headache;
• education syphilitic rash(spots, pustules, nodules);

If the disease persists for a long time without treatment (more than 5 years), the destruction of the affected organs begins.

Adhesive process in the pelvis

Adhesions are cords that lead to displacement and fusion of internal organs.

Depending on the severity of the disease, symptoms may be absent or quite pronounced. The main features are:

• diarrhea or constipation;
• dull, sharp or aching pain in the lower back, groin area, lower abdomen;
• painful sensations during bowel movements, intimacy, menstruation;
• vomiting and nausea;
• bloating;
• dry mouth.

Fibroadenoma of the breast

A benign formation of connective and glandular tissues, which has the appearance of a compaction and is mainly localized on one side. Fibroadenoma is not attached to the skin, therefore it is mobile, smooth and elastic to the touch, and usually does not cause painful sensations when touched.

The disease is practically asymptomatic; usually lumps are discovered by chance, with the exception of large formations. But, if the fibroadenoma is localized near the nipple, the following symptoms appear:

• pain when touched;
• formation of cracks, ulcers on the nipple and surrounding area;
• secretion of a liquid that has no odor.

Chlamydia

The disease can affect the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary system. The danger of chlamydial infections is that they can cause a lot of various complications. Mostly, infection occurs through sexual contact; quite rarely, the disease is transmitted through household contact.

In half of the cases, the disease does not manifest itself with any symptoms, so in such cases there is a risk of developing complications. Signs of infection are as follows:

• mucopurulent discharge;
• burning;
• abdominal pain;
• temperature.

Chronic endometritis

Inflammation in which the mucous and submucosal layer of the uterus is damaged.

Among the main symptoms are the following:

• menstrual irregularities;
• uterine bleeding;
• bloody or serous-purulent discharge;
• aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain during intimacy.

Endometriosis

With this disease, cells similar in structure to the cells of the uterine cavity spread outside its boundaries, as a result, monthly changes occur in the endometriotic foci that are inherent in the endometrium (uterine cavity), which is what leads to the disease.

In the initial stage, the disease is mostly asymptomatic. The severe stage is characterized by the following symptoms:

• menstrual dysfunction;
• menorrhagia (menorrhagia);
• blood clots during menstruation;
• symptoms of general anemia;
• algodismenorrhea;
• infertility.

Cervical erosion

A disease that results in the formation of ulcerative defect. This process is pathological; it is characterized by a change from a section of normal mucous epithelium to columnar epithelium.

Often the disease does not manifest itself, but the main signs of the development of erosion are:

• pain during intimacy;
• mucopurulent discharge;
• bleeding that occurs after sexual intercourse.

woman-l.ru

Health after 50

Having passed the milestone of 50 years, people enter not only a time of professional and everyday maturity, but are also approaching the beginning of the fading of hormonal flourishing. For some it happens earlier, for others later. Women are susceptible to earlier hormonal crises than men. As the production of natural estrogens decreases, women gradually enter the same risk zone for cardiovascular pathologies as men. It is worth considering the main problems that await people of both sexes after their fiftieth anniversary.

The cardiovascular system

• By this time, the heart of men may already experience a deficiency of blood supply and oxygen starvation due to atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, which developed against the background of many years of smoking, lipid metabolism disorders, overweight and unfavorable heredity.
• Hypertension also worsens the situation, subject to its incomplete drug correction, frequent pressure surges leading to hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium.
• Direct toxic effect Both alcohol and medication could have had an effect on the heart muscle over the course of many years.
• Subject to a careless attitude towards their health and the continued influence of risk factors, men over 50 are at risk of developing a full-scale clinical picture of coronary heart disease with frequent painful attacks included in the program of angina pectoris, heart rhythm disturbances, the most dangerous of which is atrial fibrillation (since it is highly likely it leads to strokes).
• The development of acute myocardial infarction can also be considered an unfavorable variant of cardiac pathology, since this or that degree of heart failure always remains due to a decrease in the contractility of the heart muscle.
• Former athletes who stubbornly do not reduce their loads may suffer at this age from myocardiopathy and varying degrees of heart failure.
• For women, heart attacks at this age are still rare, but angina pectoris and rhythm disorders can already manifest themselves in them.

The vascular bed in representatives of both sexes can suffer from arterial hypertension (usually hypertension, less often symptomatic pressure surges against the background of kidney disease, adrenal tumors). The more frequent crises and surges in blood pressure, the higher the risks of vascular complications and damage to target organs: heart, retina, kidneys, cerebral vessels.

Stroke is the most severe complication of hypertension, which today is no longer uncommon for men and women over fifty. Chronic disturbances of cerebral blood flow with deterioration in memory, sleep, hearing, and gait may also be observed against the background of atherosclerosis or stenosis of the vessels supplying the brain.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus also affects vessels of different sizes, mainly affecting arteries and capillaries in the brain, kidneys, eyes and limbs, causing renal failure, progressive loss of vision, trophic ulcers and even gangrene. If diabetes mellitus of the first type at this time already has a complicated course, the second type of diabetes is just beginning to gain momentum and recruit neophytes.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins of the legs, having begun in youth, by this age often affects the deep veins and is complicated by thrombophlebitis. The veins of the rectum are also often affected, giving the appearance of hemorrhoids with bleeding and pain. Thrombotic complications more often affect men and women who smoke.

For smokers, obliterating endarteritis becomes an objective reality, which more often affects men, who risk being put on the operating table and losing a limb due to thrombosis of the blood vessels in the legs.

Obesity

Abdominal obesity awaits those who are prone to fat metabolism disorders. Against the background of excess fat deposits on the abdomen and sides, metabolic syndrome begins to develop, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and increased blood pressure. For premenopausal women, “fat shedding” is a protective mechanism that allows, as the ovaries decline, to synthesize estrogen from adipose tissue, maintaining protection of the heart and bones. Therefore, excessive weight loss in women of this age group cannot be approved, as it is fraught with premature aging.

Musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal system suffers from osteochondrosis of the spine with recurring radiculoneuritis, which includes pain and limited mobility. In case of unfavorable course of metabolic processes in cartilage and bones, as well as old injuries, herniated intervertebral discs and deforming arthrosis of the joints (still in a mild degree) come to the fore.

Respiratory system

The respiratory system of fifty-year-olds, provided that they do not have advanced chronic diseases lungs (COPD, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis or bronchiectasis) is fully compensated. Shortness of breath, as a rule, haunts owners of heart pathologies and smokers with chronic narrowing and inflammation of the small bronchi (see. genetic mutations from smoking begin 20 years before lung cancer).

Gastrointestinal tract

• The stomach and esophagus are not affected by anything new at this age, unless there are risk factors for the development of cancer pathologies. Ulcer specialists continue to treat erosions and ulcers in the stomach and ulcers in the duodenum, chronic gastritis is sluggish. Atrophic processes in the gastrointestinal mucosa are considered an unfavorable background, since they require regular monitoring and vigilance for the occurrence of tumors (see stomach cancer).
• Intestinal motility is still preserved, but the risks of colonorectal cancer are slightly increased if there is a family history and risk factors (smoking, abuse of spices, chronic injuries to the intestinal mucosa or concomitant nonspecific ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease). The rectum continues to delight with hemorrhoids. The course of which can be aggravated by bleeding.
• The liver of those who do not abuse alcohol and take medications does not present any special surprises such as cirrhosis (if you do not suffer from infectious hepatitis, see liver diseases). Liver cancer is an uncommon companion for fifty-year-olds. The course of cholecystitis worsens more often, gallstones are more often formed and biliary dyskinesia is detected (see gallbladder diseases).
• The pancreas can make itself felt in those who have not previously followed a reasonable diet with limited alcohol, have not treated chronic cholecystitis in a timely manner, or continue to snack on beer with cold cutlets, and eat mushrooms with frying pans the size of an SUV wheel. It should be remembered that with age, the enzymatic capabilities of the body decrease, the level of enzymes that decompose alcohol, milk, and mushrooms decreases. Therefore, after 50, you should not rely on these products, as well as tomatoes and honey, with youthful enthusiasm (see what you can eat with pancreatitis).

Kidneys

Kidneys without urolithiasis, chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis do not represent anything particularly new. True, cancer can sometimes develop in them, but this does not happen very often. In order to prevent kidney pathologies, it is worth limiting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and painkillers to reasonable limits, and not drinking burnt or licensed alcohol. large quantities, promptly treat foci of infection in the mouth and pharynx. More often, the kidneys at this age suffer secondarily due to arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, which increases the risk of glomerular shrinkage and deterioration of the filtration function of the kidney. Problems with urination - a surprise that Mother Nature can present after 50 years:

• Women begin to experience incontinence problems due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles after childbirth, surgery, and due to hormonal disorders (see urinary incontinence in women).
• Men face the problem of incomplete emptying of the bladder due to the development of prostate adenoma. Also, difficulties with urination can accompany chronic prostatitis.

Women's health

Closer to 55-59 years, the body tries to begin the transition to a mode of economical use of resources. Therefore, the hormonal riot that forces a person to live at the limit of his physical capabilities loses its relevance.

Women are approaching menopause, the timing of which varies from person to person. national groups and persons with different heredities. There are deviations from the average age in both directions. Some people experience physiological menopause at 47, while others give birth to a child at 60.

In general, if the process proceeds without jumps and disruptions, then it is quite natural and does not bring with it a catastrophe. It's a different matter if we are talking about pathological menopause (see menopause in women). The so-called menopause, when, in response to a hormonal imbalance, the autonomic system breaks loose, causing pressure surges, headaches, and instability of emotions (see how to deal with hot flashes during menopause).

All these troubles can be stopped with the help of modern anti-menopausal drugs. The most dangerous complication of menopause is damage to the cardiovascular system and osteoporosis, the frequency of which increases with a woman’s age.

At one time, hormone replacement therapy was considered a panacea, but today evidence has already accumulated that such tactics are fraught with high risks of developing breast cancer, so hormones are not suitable for everyone.

• Cancer of the female genital organs and primarily breast cancer is a scourge modern women approaching menopause.
• If cervical cancer is directly related to human papillomaviruses and other sexually transmitted infections, then breast cancer is a direct consequence of hormonal imbalances, a small number of births, and refusal of long-term breastfeeding and addiction to hormonal contraceptives (see pros and cons of taking birth control pills).

Another female hormonal problem can be considered pathologies of the thyroid gland. Hyper and hypofunction occur equally against the background of various goiters, thyroiditis and tumor processes. Some types of breast cancer are also associated with thyroid pathologies.

Men's health

Sexually, men over 50 in the absence of chronic inflammatory processes reproductive sphere is still quite intact. The number of vascular pathologies as a cause of erectile dysfunction is slightly increasing (see drugs to increase potency), but in the population as a whole, the number of such patients does not make a difference. But sexual disorders against the background of neuroses. Stress and hard work are not uncommon in this age group.

Clinical minimum examinations after 50 years

To undergo a preventive examination, you can take advantage of the possibilities of outpatient medical examination on the basis of a compulsory health insurance policy or contact a private clinic or medical center.

Some “non-poor” employers buy voluntary health insurance policies for their employees and enter into contracts with clinics for medical examinations of their employees. With minor adjustments, the average checkup after fifty should look like this.

Blood tests

Blood tests are collected on an empty stomach. No medications are taken. It is useful to drink a glass of water before the test.

• General blood test - blood from a finger allows you to evaluate hemoglobin, red blood cells (anemia, blood thickening are excluded), leukocytes and ESR (inflammation, cancer risks, immunodeficiency, allergies) and platelets (clotting disorders).
• Biochemical blood test - from a vein, evaluates the functioning of the kidneys (total protein, urea, creatinine), liver (bilirubin, ALT, AST), the tendency to form atherosclerotic plaques (cholesterol, lipid spectrum), blood sugar (diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, pancreatic tumors). Potassium and sodium are the main electrolytes, the level of which is determined to assess the constancy of the internal environment, the presence of dehydration, the risks of heart rhythm disturbances, kidney failure, and the risks of arterial hypertension. The prothrombin index indicates the blood coagulation system and the risk of thrombosis.

Urine tests

A general urine test gives an idea of ​​the concentrating ability of the kidney and allows one to identify the presence of kidney and urinary tract diseases based on urinary sediment. Men additionally have the opportunity to indirectly judge the condition of the reproductive organs.

ECG

Electrocardiography - ECG at rest evaluates the rhythm of the heart, the frequency of its contractions, notes an increase in the parts of the heart, signs of dystrophy, oxygen starvation or scars. This is also the primary screening for selecting patients for in-depth cardiac check-up.

Fluorography of the lungs

X-ray (fluorography) with moderate radiation exposure makes it possible to recognize tuberculosis, which today has again become a real problem. At the same time, it is often not antisocial individuals who become infected, but simply people with a downed immune system. Primary resistant disease becomes an additional difficulty. When the disease is caused by Koch bacilli, which are initially insensitive to anti-tuberculosis drugs.

In addition to tuberculosis screening, the “flush” also gives information about other lung diseases (pneumonia, emphysema, sarcoidosis and industrial diseases) and deviations in the size of the heart or the position of large vessels.

• It is reasonable to perform fluorography once every 2 years
• Migrants, internally displaced persons, teachers, doctors (decreed groups) are recommended to undergo research every year.

Examination by specialists

Therapist

An examination by a therapist involves questioning the patient, examining him, measuring his height and weight and calculating his body mass index, which is important for assessing cardiac risks. The therapist begins and ends the medical examination process. It is his responsibility to assess the absolute risks of developing acute vascular situations (stroke and heart attack), conduct a preventive conversation and issue recommendations for risk reduction and management healthy image life.

Endocrinologist

An endocrinologist aims to identify pathologies of the thyroid gland and diabetes mellitus. In addition to these main areas, he evaluates the functioning of the endocrine glands and can recommend a more in-depth study in case of an unusual situation.

Neuropathologist

A neuropathologist is mainly aimed at identifying signs of cerebral circulatory disorders, as well as pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system, including osteochondrosis and radiculitis. In addition to the examination, duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries is indicated for anyone who has previously suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and men over 45 (women over 55) if they have three risk factors (high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and increased weight).

Surgeon

The surgeon excludes vascular lesions of the extremities (varicose veins, obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease or syndrome), as well as urolithiasis, calculous cholecystitis and hemorrhoids.

Oculist

The ophthalmologist checks visual acuity, examines the fundus of the eye, which reflects the state of the cerebral vessels, and necessarily measures intraocular pressure excluding glaucoma.

Oncological checkup

After fifty, any specialist should be wary of cancer. Particular attention is paid to patients with a family history and occupational risk groups. In order to detect tumors in a timely manner, the following measures are taken (see oncology tests).

• Examination of the tongue, lips, thyroid gland with its palpation.
• A stool test for occult blood, based on the results of which further examination by a proctologist with sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is prescribed (see coprogram analysis, causes of blood in stool).
• If there are complaints or aggravated heredity, a fibrogastroduodenoscopy is performed with examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
• Women undergo mammography of both mammary glands and undergo a consultation with a mammologist.
• An examination by a gynecologist is accompanied by the mandatory collection of cytological material from the cervical area.
• Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis involves more careful visualization of the kidneys, pancreas, uterus and ovaries in women, and the abdominal aorta, kidneys, pancreas and prostate in men.
• Men undergo an oncology test for prostate tumors and undergo a consultation with a urologist.
• Women have their blood drawn to perform an oncology test for cervical cancer.

Cardiological checkup

Since the most dangerous diseases, the risks of which increase in accordance with age, are cardiovascular diseases, after 50 it makes sense to undergo an in-depth cardiological examination:

• Questioning allows you to identify existing cardiac pathologies, evaluate bad habits and heredity.
• Blood tests are complemented by examining levels of cardiac-specific blood proteins and markers of risk for heart disease (see causes of heart pain).
• ECG at rest and always with a load (bicycle ergometry or treadmill).
• Daily Holter ECG monitoring allows you to identify night and stress arrhythmias and signs of oxygen starvation of the heart muscle, which escape with a single ECG.
• Daily blood pressure testing.
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland makes it possible to separate ischemic heart disease from thyrotoxicosis.
• Ultrasound of neck vessels.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.

Health after 60

After 60, the risks of coronary and cerebral accidents progressively increase in people with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome. At the same time, women have equal chances with men.

• The likelihood of developing colonorectal cancer and pancreatic and stomach cancer increases.
• Both sexes gradually begin to experience cerebral circulation problems more and more.
• The risks for all types of thrombosis from strokes and heart attacks to thrombophlebitis of the extremities and pulmonary embolism are growing. The veins of the lower extremities and pelvis are increasingly becoming potential sources for blood clots traveling to the vessels of the brain and heart.
• A particularly unfavorable background is atrial fibrillation in a constant or paroxysmal form.
• To the standard set of ischemic heart disease and chronic vascular disease is added sick sinus syndrome, which requires the installation of a pacemaker at a certain stage.
• Deforming osteoarthritis, polyneuropathy and muscle atrophy are flourishing.

Women's health

Women's menopause already seriously damages bone tissue, causing osteoporosis. The risks of developing breast and cervical cancer decrease slightly.

Men's health

Men, like women, enter an era of hormonal decline and may experience menopausal disorders with autonomic symptoms and cardiovascular disorders, prostate adenoma progresses or develops.

Lifestyle and prevention at this age

• Do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol
• Avoid prolonged lying or sitting, especially in an awkward position and with your legs tucked in
• Do not lift weights over 10-15 kilograms, especially jerking
• Do not push yourself beyond your comfort level in any type of physical activity.
• Have at least 10 hours of walking per week
• Do not sunbathe excessively (it is better to avoid it altogether) sun rays), do not be bareheaded in the sun, do not overheat
• Get enough sleep, don't get overtired
• Do not overeat, do not take long breaks in food
• Limit salt, sugar, flour and confectionery products
• Smoked products, spicy, fatty and especially fried foods should be completely excluded.
• Enrich your diet with vegetables and fruits, nuts, fish, cereals (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice porridge for breakfast)
• Replace bread with pita bread or bread with bran and whole grains
• Replace store butter on olive oil or mustard, mayonnaise for sour cream.

zdravotvet.ru