Mineral water titles. Mineral water is a natural medicine. The main indications for drinking alkaline water

Mineral water is one of the oldest natural medicines used by people. It has a lot essential trace elements. For centuries, there were clinics near the sources of healing mineral waters, resorts and sanatoriums were created, and later bottling plants were built.

Mineral water today we can buy in a store, pharmacy, kiosk. The choice is huge. What is its use? How to choose? How to drink? How to avoid fakes?

Main characteristics of mineral drinking water

Mineral water is water that is formed in the depths of the earth's crust and is the product of complex natural geochemical processes. Mineral water different high content salts (mineralization), as well as either the presence of gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide), or radioactivity, or the presence of especially active ions (arsenic, iodine, iron), or a higher temperature.

As a rule, underground mineral waters do not contain pathogenic bacteria and do not require special cleaning.

Mineral water does not include water that is subjected to additional processing: softened, enriched, passed through special filters. As a result of these manipulations, the chemical composition of water changes greatly. Not considered mineral and artificially created mineral water, which is a solution of salts of minerals, in composition close to natural.

Such water does not correspond to water extracted from the bowels of the earth.

The most famous brands of mineral drinking water

Mineral waters due to the degree of their mineralization and the content of a number of biologically active substances are widely used in a number of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, etc.

1. "Borjomi". The source is located in Georgia, 140 km from Tbilisi, at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. The most famous and widespread carbonic bicarbonate-sodium water. Its mineralization is 5.5-7.5 g/l. belongs to the group of medicinal table waters. "Borjomi" is taken for gastritis with high acidity, peptic ulcer, liver disease, urinary tract, metabolic disorders.
2. "Narzan". Mineral water from two springs of the Kislovodsk resort (Northern Caucasus). one of the most valuable medicinal table waters. Mineralization - 2-3 g / l. Water quenches thirst well and increases appetite. It contains carbon dioxide, so it enhances the secretory function of the digestive glands. A large amount of calcium bicarbonate gives it an anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. The salts contained, especially magnesium sulfate, sharply increase the evacuation function of the intestine. This water is recommended for diseases of the stomach and intestines, liver against the background of a decrease in their secretory function and tone, as well as inflammation of the urinary tract.
3. Essentuki. Mineral waters obtained from the sources of the Essentuki resort (Northern Caucasus).
4. "Essentuki No. 2" - medical table sparkling water, mineralization 3.1-6.1 g / l. Useful for chronic gastritis, colitis, diseases of the liver and urinary tract, metabolic disorders.
5. Essentuki No. 4 - medical-table mineral water (carbonic hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium). mineralization 8-10 g/l. Recommended for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, intestinal lethargy), diseases of the liver, gallbladder and urinary tract, has a beneficial effect on metabolism.
6. Essentuki No. 17 - therapeutic mineral water (carbonate hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium). Mineralization - 11-14 g / l. In terms of composition and indications, it is close to Essentuki No. 4. It is prescribed for gastritis with low acidity, chronic cholecystitis and cholangitis, gout, metabolic disorders.
7. Essentuki No. 20 - drinking table sparkling water. General mineralization - 0.65-1.35 g / l. Increases gastric secretion and improves metabolism. Recommended for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, chronic diseases of the liver, bile and urinary tract, pancreatitis, colitis.
8. Slavic. The source is located on the eastern slope of Zheleznaya Mountain in the Zheleznovodsk resort. Belongs to the group of medicinal table waters (carbonate-hydrocarbonate-sulfate-sodium-calcium). Mineralization - 3-4 g / l. Useful for gastritis with high acidity, stomach ulcers, diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract, gynecological diseases, metabolic diseases.

These brands of mineral waters are the most famous not only in our country, but also abroad. But they have their analogues among other Russian mineral waters. For example, Shadrinskaya is close to Essentuki No. 4, and Nagurskaya No. 26 is close to Borjomi.

Currently, more than 800 names are registered in Russia. However, not all of them are mineral, and some of them are just a solution of salts in ordinary drinking water.

In Pyatigorsk, at the All-Russian meeting on combating the spread of counterfeit mineral waters, it was said that every second bottle in the country is counterfeit. First of all, this concerns the medicinal and medicinal table waters of the Caucasus. The water obtained from the well retains its properties for only a few hours and can be bottled and hermetically packaged immediately after extraction.

A lot is illegally exported in tanks and bottled in containers thousands of kilometers from the sources (whereas during the journey it has already lost its medicinal properties).

Many purified drinking waters obtained from wells in regions far from real sources are also sold as mineral waters.

How to choose mineral drinking water?

How to choose a quality mineral water?

Water can deteriorate, in plastic it is stored no more than 18 months, in glass - up to two years.

Notice the bottle.

1. The label should not be glued crookedly and obliquely, a self-respecting manufacturer will not stick it somehow.
2. The cork should not scroll easily.
3. The bottle must not be crushed.
4. A yellowish or greenish tint of water is acceptable, sediment too.

Before you buy the right mineral water, you need to carefully read the label.

The label must indicate:

1. Trademark.
2. Type - carbonated, non-carbonated.
3. Information about mineralization.
4. Source name and well number.
5. Manufacturer's address.
6. Where spilled, well if spilled on the spot.
7. Appointment - medical, dining room, medical-dining room.
8. Origin of water (mineral, glacial, artesian, spring).
9. Chemical composition.
10. Date of manufacture, expiration date.
11. Documents according to which it is produced (GOST or TU), according to GOST - a tested well, studied water, which can be consumed without fear. According to specifications - ordinary water, new unexplored wells.

Now a little about plastic. Plastic bottles should not be left in the sun, they can emit harmful substances. Always read the labels on the bottom of the package.

1. The number 1 in the arrows means that this is a disposable bottle and should not be reused.
2. 2 in arrows - afraid of hot water and detergents, is also disposable.
3. 7 or 8 arrows - durable container for multiple use.
4. 5 - durable material that can withstand high temperatures.

Table drinking water

Table water can be divided into 2 groups:

1. The first category - is extracted from wells, open reservoirs or from a water supply system. Her only requirement is cleanliness.
2. The highest category - it is more expensive. but more useful. it is not treated chemically and always contains mineral salts.

In case of diseases of the heart, kidneys, stomach with a large amount of mineral salts, one must be more careful.

A few more important rules.

1. Do not get carried away with distilled water. When processing, use chemical substances, For example. special resin. This substance removes hardness salts, calcium, magnesium salts and replaces them with sodium ions. Sodium blocks the excretion of fluid from the body, blocks the work of the heart muscle and puts a serious strain on the kidneys.
2. It is better to buy water in small bottles of 0.5 and 1 liter. Experts are sure that in large bottles the water is purified, diluted, it has often been noticed that the same manufacturer has much better water in a small bottle.
3. The daily rate of water is from 1.5 to 2 liters. You need to drink often. little by little. If you have fluid retention (edema, dark circles under the eyes, then the main volume of water should be drunk before 18.00.
4. Drink water at room temperature.
5. Boil no more than two times.

Conclusion: drinking mineral water is a useful product, pay attention to mineralization, if it is not higher than 1 g / l, then it can safely quench your thirst. But use medicinal mineral water strictly according to the doctor's prescription.

Best regards, Olga.

Stamps- DONAT, NAFTUSIA, ESSENTUKI, NARZAN, SULINKA, STELMAS, NOVOTERSKAYA, SLAVYANOVSKAYA, NAGUTSKA, BILINSKA KISELKA, ZAICHITSKAYA GORKA.
Manufacturers- Russia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia

HEALING MINERAL WATERS

Therapeutic mineral water is intended for use in medicinal purposes(used as prescribed by a doctor). This class includes water with a mineralization of more than 10 g / l or with a lower mineralization - if there is a certain concentration in it, biologically active ingredients.

At therapeutic use must be respected certain rules that are based on data scientific research and huge practical experience. They consist in determining: the type of water for each specific disease; its quantity is one dose / per day, in the duration of the course of treatment; in the way of drinking (quickly, in large sips, slowly, in small sips); drinking time in relation to eating time.

Bottled water allows for treatment in non-resort conditions - in hospitals, sanatoriums and other health care institutions, at home.

DONAT MAGNESIUM (Donat Mg) medicinal mineral water (carbonated) 0.5 l, 1 l / Slovenia
Natural magnesium-sodium-hydrocarbonate-sulphate mineral water of high salinity (13.0–13.3 g/l). Extracted from the Donat spring in Rogashska Slatina (Slovenia). It contains a large set of minerals and especially magnesium, which is necessary for cell repair and prevention of heart disease. Magnesium ensures the oxidation of fatty acids in the body, reduces the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid in the blood. A person needs 350 - 400 mg of magnesium per day, it is easiest to get it from water in which magnesium is already in an ionized form.
With a course intake, water softens the course of diseases of the digestive organs, intestines, promotes gentle cleansing body and weight loss, stabilizes the condition in case of metabolic disorders (diabetes, excessive cholesterol in the blood), prevents the formation of stones in the bladder, and also effectively strengthens nervous system, heart muscle and immunity, increases stress resistance and prevents atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. It has antispasmodic, choleretic and other actions. not recommended for drinking without medical advice.

NAFTUSIA healing mineral water 0.5 l / Russia
Therapeutic slightly mineralized, hydrocarbonate, magnesium-calcium water of the Truskavets deposit, with a high content of organic substances of petroleum origin, which gives it a specific taste and a characteristic light smell of oil (these characteristics reflect the name). Contains iron, copper, lead, manganese, lithium, iodine, bromine and other trace elements.
Medicinal water has a diuretic, choleretic, analgesic effect, relieves inflammation (in the kidneys, urinary and biliary tract, liver, intestines), removes toxins from the body and radionuclides. It is indispensable as a prophylactic natural remedy for urolithiasis and other diseases. Stimulates the cleansing of the kidneys, the release of small stones and sand from them, reduces the danger reappearance stone formation. Normalizes metabolism, the work of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, glands internal secretion, restores and protects liver cells. Promotes the restoration of immunity, due to the immunomodulatory effect, prevents oncological diseases. Not recommended for drinking without medical advice.

ESSENTUKI №17 healing mineral water (carbonated) / Russia
It has no analogues in taste and healing effects. Therapeutic chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium, boron natural drinking mineral water of high mineralization (10.0–14.0 g/l). It is mined from the Essentuki deposit in the Stavropol Territory. The source is located on the territory of a specially protected ecological resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Produced and sold from different manufacturers. In terms of organoleptic properties, the water of the source is a transparent, colorless, odorless liquid, hydrochloric-alkaline in taste. Natural precipitation of mineral salts is allowed.
Many years of application experience testify to its valuable therapeutic effect in the treatment of diseases of the digestive and urinary organs, metabolic disorders and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It has a complex effect on various functional systems of the body, which allows it to be used in various digestive diseases, diseases endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders, chronic diseases genitourinary system.
Indications for use: chronic gastritis with normal and low secretory function stomach, gastric ulcer and duodenum, chronic colitis, enterocolitis; diseases of the liver and biliary tract: hepatitis, cholecystitis, antiocholitis, chronic pancreatitis; metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus, obesity, gout, uric acid diathesis, oscaluria, phosphaturia, chronic diseases. Not recommended for drinking without medical advice.

MEDICAL AND TABLE MINERAL WATERS

The degree of mineralization of medicinal table waters ranges from 1 to 10 g / l. Medical table waters can be used periodically as drinks, but this applies only to healthy people. Mineral waters of this class are not recommended for daily drinking for a long time. Treatment is not carried out during exacerbation of diseases, there are other contraindications. For medical or long-term use specialist advice is required.

BILINSKA KISELKA medical table mineral water (still), 1l / Czech Republic
Natural bicarbonate-sodium mineral slightly acidic water of medium mineralization with high content silicic acid. It is mined from sources in the mountains of Northern Bohemia near the town of Bilina from a depth of 191 m. It has been popular in Europe and beyond for more than three centuries.
It is unique in its composition: predominantly bicarbonate-sodium water, rich in rare minerals. Its advantage is in the harmonious combination of a powerful therapeutic effect with pleasant taste, which allows it to be used both as medicinal and as table water. The absence of artificial carbonation when bottling makes it possible to use it in conditions such as pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis. Effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer, gastritis, cholecystitis, gallstone and urolithiasis, gout, obesity and other metabolic disorders. When regularly taken as table mineral water in the amount of 1 - 1.5 liters per day, it can satisfy the body's daily need for calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium.

NARZAN medical table mineral water carbonated, 0.5 l, 1 l / Russia
natural mineral sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium water of low mineralization (2.0–3.0 g/l). Source - Kislovodsk deposit, Stavropol Territory (bottled since 1894). It has natural gas (a mixture of carbon dioxide and inert gases). It is considered a reference mineral water. Contains 20 minerals and trace elements, which is very rare with a relatively low total mineralization. 1 liter contains: calcium - 35% of the daily norm, magnesium - 30% of the daily norm, sodium and potassium - 10% of the daily norm of an adult.
Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the exacerbation phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, gastric and / or duodenal ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for stomach ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, impaired salt and lipid metabolism, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis disease, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis.

NOVOTERSKAYA Healing medical table mineral water (carbonated) 0.5l, 1.5l / Russia
Natural drinking mineral water is bicarbonate-sulfate, calcium-sodium, siliceous, low-mineralized (mineralization 4.0–5.3 g/l). The springs are located on the territory of the specially protected ecological resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (Novotersky settlement, Stavropol Territory). For excellent taste indicators, it was awarded the highest awards at prestigious international and Russian exhibitions.
Therapeutic and prophylactic properties of water are unique: it helps to avoid diseases of the stomach, pancreas, kidneys, liver, bile and urinary tract; strengthens musculoskeletal tissue and the nervous system of a person, especially those associated with harmful working conditions. Recommended as prophylactic to increase resilience in people working in harmful conditions labor and living in areas with unfavorable environmental conditions. Not indicated for patients with low stomach acid. Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the acute phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, gastric and / or duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for stomach ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, impaired salt and lipid metabolism, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis.

SLAVYANOVSKAYA medical table mineral water (carbonated)).5 l, 1.5 l / Russia
Natural drinking mineral water sulfate-bicarbonate calcium-sodium, low mineralization, carbonic. Extracted from the Slavyanovsk spring in the resort of Zheleznovodsk, in the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. By composition and action from the type of waters "Zheleznovodskaya" (including "Smirnovskaya").
It is used for drinking treatment for diseases of the stomach, urinary organs, metabolic disorders, and also as a table drink. Approved for people on a diet. Increases the body's resistance to various unfavorable factors(alcohol, smoking, stress, bad ecology or meteorological conditions, etc.). Indicated for the treatment of the following diseases (outside the acute phase): gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity, gastric and / or duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dyskinesia, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis, rehabilitation after surgery for stomach ulcers, postcholecystectomy syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, impaired salt and lipid metabolism, chronic pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, chronic cystitis, chronic urethritis. Not indicated for patients with low stomach acid.

SULINKA Silicon (SULINKA) medical table mineral water (carbonated), 0.5 l, 1.25 l / Slovakia
Mineral natural drinking water is extracted from wells with a depth of more than 500 m in the vicinity of Stara Lubovna (Slovakia). The degree of mineralization is 4500–7500 mg/liter. In 1 l. water contains the daily rate of silicon (important for the elasticity of blood vessels, bones, tendons, skin, hair shine, strong nails, for the prevention cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, arthrosis, prone to injury). Contains 13 of the 15 vital minerals. Normalizes mineral balance in the body, as well as the absorption of vitamins. It has bactericidal properties - promotes faster healing of burns and wounds. Helps normalize blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Positively affects the recovery process bone tissue, tendons and cartilage, and also increases the growth of hair and nails. Purifies and rejuvenates the skin, improves elasticity blood vessels. Supports hormonal balance, positively affects the function of the prostate gland. Clears the body of harmful impurities. Recommended for pregnant and lactating women and for children under 11 years of age.
Applied in preventive purposes: general cleansing body, disease digestive tract, chronic gastritis, liver disease, chronic pancreatitis and hepatitis, diseases of the bile and urinary tract, prevention of metabolic diseases.

STELMAS MG-SO4 (STELMAS Mg and SO4) medical table mineral water (carbonated), 1 l, 1.5 l / Russia
Natural mineral water sulphate calcium-magnesium-sodium medium mineralization (4 500 - 6 500 mg/l). Mined in the Stavropol Territory in the North Caucasus from a depth of 250 meters. Contains a large amount of sulfates (SO4), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca). Sulfate-containing waters (SO4 > 2500 mg/l) improve the physicochemical properties of bile, cholesterol and protein metabolism substances, contribute to the gradual reduction of the gallbladder, reduce the stagnation of bile, improve its outflow from the bile ducts and bladder. It can be used as drinking water to cleanse the body and lose weight (it has a pronounced laxative effect when taken at a time before meals). The content of Magnesium (Mg) helps to calm the nervous system and improve the metabolic process in the body, the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Indications for use: Purification of the body, chronic gastritis with normal, increased and decreased secretory function of the stomach; chronic diseases of the liver, bile and urinary tract; chronic pancreatitis, hepatitis.

ATTENTION!
Using our electronic catalog, you can order and purchase the above products.

In the absence of any product in stock, use the ORDER UNFOUND DRUGS function.
Your order will be processed - subject to the availability of goods from suppliers.

Mineral natural drinking waters are waters extracted from aquifers or aquifers, protected from anthropogenic impact, preserving the natural chemical composition and related to food products, and with increased mineralization or with an increased content of certain biologically active components, they have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect.

Not considered natural mineral waters:

• mixture of groundwater from aquifers with different conditions formation of their hydrochemical types or a mixture of groundwater of different hydrochemical types;
• mixture of natural mineral water with drinking water or with artificially mineralized water.

Mineral drinking water should be clear, colorless or with shades from yellowish to greenish color liquid, with a taste and smell characteristic of the substances contained in it. In mineral water, a precipitate of the mineral salts contained in it is possible.

Classification of drinking mineral waters

• fresh (mineralization up to 1 g per dm³ inclusive);
• weakly mineralized (mineralization more than 1 to 2 g per dm³ inclusive);
• low-mineralized (mineralization more than 2 to 5 g per dm³ inclusive);
• medium mineralized (more than 5 to 10 g per dm³ inclusive);
• highly mineralized (more than 10 to 15 g per dm³ inclusive).

Depending on the purpose, drinking mineral waters are classified into:

By chemical composition six classes of mineral waters are distinguished: bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. There is another interpretation of this classification - by ionic composition:

Depending on the gas composition and the presence of specific components, mineral waters are divided into: carbonic, sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), nitrogen, siliceous (H 2 SiO 3), bromine, iodine, ferrous, arsenic, radioactive (), etc.

The reaction of water (the degree of acidity or alkalinity, expressed by the value) has importance to assess its therapeutic effect. Acidic waters have pH = 3.5-6.8, neutral - 6.8-7.2, alkaline - 7.2-8.5 and higher.

Geology

Patterns of distribution of mineral waters (in general view) are determined by geological structural features, the geological history of a given territory, as well as geomorphological, meteorological and hydrological factors. In the area of ​​young folded structures, carbonic and nitrogen mineral waters are often found. The deep-lying parts of the foothill basins are characterized by highly mineralized mineral waters and even brine enriched with hydrogen sulfide. In the deep horizons of the platform depressions, calcium chloride and sodium chloride waters are common; above lies a zone of sulfate waters and, finally, in highest zone- waters of hydrocarbonate type. Within the boundaries of crystalline massifs and shields, there are mineral waters of various chemical compositions. Radioactive mineral waters are more often associated with acidic crystalline rock massifs.

Mineral waters can be groundwater (poured to the surface by gravity) and pressure (artesian, gushing).

The carbonic waters of young folded structures are common in the Caucasus, the Pamirs, the Sayan Mountains, Kamchatka, Transcarpathia, the Southern Tien Shan, Transbaikalia and other places. These waters belong to the widely known types of mineral waters - North Caucasian Narzan (and Burkut - Carpathian Narzan), Borjomi (Georgia), Arzni (Armenia) and Essentuki (KavMinVody). Nitrogen waters often outline areas of carbonic mineral waters and are associated with zones of tectonic faults and fissures of igneous rocks. Nitrogen mineral waters are known in the Tien Shan and Altai, hot nitrogen waters - in Tbilisi, Krasnodar and Pyatigorsk. Hot radioactive mineral waters are found in Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, KavMinVody and the Altai Territory, as well as the Khmelnitsky group (Khmelnik, Vinnitsa region), the Mironovskaya group (Mironovka, Kiev region), the Polonskaya group of resorts (Polonnoye, Khmelnitsky region) and others. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters - on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus () and KavMinVody (Pyatigorsk, Gaazo-Ponomarevskiy source of Yessentuki), in Dagestan (Talga) and the Terek-Sunzhenskaya Upland (Sernovodsk-Kavkazsky), in the Carpathian region (Truskavets [including sulfurous hydrocarbons], Nemirov, Veliky Lyuben, Shklo) and the Urals, the Ferghana Valley, etc. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters accompany oil fields and natural gas, as well as gases from volcanic eruptions. Glauber, salt and salt-alkaline mineral springs are known in the foothills of the Carpathians and Crimea, in the region of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression (the most famous among them are in Truskavets and Morshyn, Lviv region and Mirgorod, Poltava region).

Chemical composition

Previously, clinicians believed that it all depended on the method of admission. If you drink water 10-15 minutes before a meal, it stimulates gastric secretion, if one and a half to two hours, it slows down. It has now been established that the secretory reaction depends not only on the method (time) of intake, but also to a large extent on the chemical composition of the water.

Since mineral waters are among the external stimuli acting on the body, they cause quite definite natural shifts in it. These patterns, according to the teachings of I. P. Pavlov and N. E. Vvedensky, consist in the phase of response reactions, the nature of which largely depends on the initial state of the organism. In drinking treatment, as well as in balneotherapy, there are three phases of the action of mineral water: complex reflex, neurochemical and aftereffect phase. But this division is somewhat arbitrary.

The first phase is characterized by the reactions of the body under the influence of irritation of the receptors of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract with mineral water. Excitation in this phase is carried out according to the type of both unconditional and conditioned reflex reactions. Moreover, with unconditioned reflex arc closes in the subcortical centers, while the path of conditioned reflexes goes through the cerebral cortex.

The second phase is closely related to the first. It starts from the moment of absorption constituent parts Mineral waters and their effects on the interoreceptive fields of the body. In this phase highest value have chemicals (mediators) formed in the body as a result of the impact of mineral water on the receptors of the digestive tract.

The aftereffect phase is associated with a change in metabolism under the influence of mineral waters.

Existence three phases in the effect of mineral water on the body, in particular on the gastrointestinal tract, has been confirmed by a number of experimental and clinical studies.

Mineral waters are in contact primarily with the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. The mechanism of their excitatory and inhibitory effect on the function of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out with the help of hormones.

The specific effect is due to the composition of mineral waters. It has been established that the secretory reaction of the glandular apparatus of the stomach largely depends on the chemical (and gas) composition of water, so it is not the same when drinking different mineral waters. Introduced into the body [taken orally], they change the acid-base balance gastric juice, blood and urine. A change in the alkaline reserve of the blood affects the nature of the reaction of secretions separated in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, despite the fact that the method of taking mineral water plays an important role in the therapeutic effect, nevertheless, when prescribing it inside, it is first necessary to choose a type of water whose effect on the body will contribute to the expected shifts in gastric secretion. In the case of reduced secretion (hypoacid gastritis), it is necessary to use waters that have a powerful juice effect, with increased secretion (hyperacid gastritis) - an inhibitory effect. A correctly prescribed method of taking mineral water (with reduced secretion 10-20 minutes before meals, with increased secretion - an hour or two hours, in the case of normal - 40 minutes) will provide the necessary therapeutic effect on the corresponding digestive glands, thereby enhancing the direction of the action of water on the body.

The temperature of the mineral water also matters (non-specific). Hot water is used for hyperacid (with high acidity) gastritis, peptic ulcer. If the patient has intestinal atony, a tendency to constipation, it is more useful cold water(it enhances peristalsis [ motor function] stomach and intestines, promotes spasm biliary tract and intestines). In all other (predominant) cases, the temperature should be 33-44 °C. Warm water has an antispasmodic, analgesic effect (helps relieve spasm and remove mucus).

The dosage of mineral waters for drinking treatment depends on their chemical composition, mineralization, as well as on the type of disease and the patient's condition. With a content of 2-10 g of salts per liter ( ordinary waters low and medium mineralization) intake of mineral water is prescribed three times a day before meals, 200-250 milliliters (1-1.5 cups), but when the patient's body is weakened, they start with a smaller dose - 50-100 ml (0.5 cups) , followed by an increase to normal. This technique is also used with a tendency to diarrhea and unstable cardiovascular activity.

When there is a tendency to spasms of the pylorus, as a result of which the evacuation of food from the stomach to the intestines is disturbed, it is recommended to additionally take mineral water during digestion 2-4 times in small portions 30-50 milliliters (between meals). This better reduces the acidity of the contents of the stomach.

In some cases, for example, if drainage of the bile ducts is necessary, mineral water is taken on an empty stomach, 400-500 ml each. It is recommended to drink it in two doses with a break of 25-40 minutes. Large doses of mineral waters are prescribed for diseases of the urinary tract in order to rinse them properly. Then they take water 5-6 (and sometimes more) times a day for a glass and a half. And for all appointments, you need to take into account the state of cardio-vascular system patient and water-salt metabolism. In case of violations in these areas of the body's activity large quantities mineral waters (as well as highly mineralized) are contraindicated.

There are the following main types of carbon dioxide waters:

Bottled mineral water

Spilling mineral water into a hermetically sealed container after pre-carbonation carbon dioxide allows you to save their salt composition and medicinal properties. This makes it possible to use medicinal and drinking water in an extra-resort setting.

Many resorts tend to use a small number of sources for bottling. But the distribution network receives mineral water from a large number of manufacturers. When choosing, you should take into account the recommendations on the label: "It is used for diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract," or even shorter: "It is used for diseases of the digestive system." Neither one nor the other makes it possible to navigate the choice of water even to a doctor. To choose the right drinking water for this disease, you need to know what type it belongs to. And the knowledge of its analogues will help, in the absence of the [desired] prescribed water, to choose an equivalent replacement.

Typically, the bottle label gives the chemical composition of water in grams or milligrams per liter [or dm³] (mmol/l or meq/dm³). However, it is quite difficult to determine the approximate salt composition from these data, especially for a non-specialist. Below is a description of the main therapeutic and drinking mineral waters bottled.

For each of them, the table shows the formula of M. E. Kurlov and the approximate salt composition as a percentage of the total mineralization. To have more full view about chem. composition, the formula shows all anions and cations, regardless of their number. The waters are grouped according to the classification of V.A. Aleksandrov. Weakly mineralized (with salt content up to 2 g/l) are separated separately.

The question (preferences) of the appointment is decided by the doctor after a comprehensive examination of the patient and the establishment accurate diagnosis. The type of mineral water is prescribed depending on the state of secretory, motor and acid-forming functions.

Chloride water group

With gastritis, characterized by inhibited motor function and low acidity of gastric juice, water of sodium chloride composition is recommended. They improve the secretion of the digestive glands. Once in the stomach, sodium chloride water increases its peristalsis, stimulating the separation of gastric juice. Chlorine and hydrogen ions serve as the main material from which hydrochloric acid is produced, which determines the acidity of gastric juice. And hydrochloric acid stimulates the activity of the pancreas and the secretion of intestinal enzymes. All this helps to improve digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, carbohydrates.

Mineral water for gastritis with low acidity should be taken shortly before meals - 10-15 minutes in a heated (30-40 ° C) form. You need to drink slowly, in small sips. This technique corresponds to the direction of action of sodium chloride components. Water does not have time to leave the stomach and, lingering in it along with food, irritates the receptors, stimulates its secretion, thereby increasing the digestive capacity.

To preserve carbon dioxide, which in the treatment of hypoacid gastritis acts as an additional healing factor, it is recommended to heat a small amount of water to over high temperature and then dilute it with cold.

Chloride (salty and bitter-salty) waters occupy a fairly significant place among the medicinal and drinking waters of bottled spills. They contain mainly salts of the chloride group. Sometimes a small amount of bicarbonates or sulfates is found in them - a few percent. The cationic composition of these waters is most often represented by sodium, which, in combination with chlorine, forms table salt, hence their salty taste. Sodium chloride sharply prevails over other salts in almost all chloride waters.

In a bitter salt water ah, quite a lot of magnesium chloride is found, although it is always much less than table salt. The content of calcium chloride sometimes reaches large values, exceeding even the amount of dissolved table salt. This is the so-called calcium chloride type of water.

Sodium chloride water

The group of sodium chloride (salty) bottled waters recommended for hypoacid (low acidity) gastritis includes Nizhneserginskaya, Talitskaya, Tyumenskaya. These are sulfate-free waters with a mineralization of 6.3, 9.5 and 5.3 grams per liter, respectively, and a high percentage of sodium chloride (89-91%). In addition, Talitskaya has bromine (35 mg/l) and iodine (3 mg/l), Tyumenskaya has 26 mg/l bromine and 3 mg/l iodine.

The type of sulfate-free sodium chloride is the water "Yavornitskaya" (Transcarpathia) with a mineralization of 10.5 g / l. It contains 75% salt, the rest is bicarbonates (8% soda and 13% calcium bicarbonate).

Sodium chloride waters have slightly less table salt: "Minskaya" with a mineralization of 4.3 grams per liter and "Nartan" (Nalchik) with a content of 8.1 grams of salts per liter. In the first 77% sodium chloride, in the second - 71%. Both are present in small quantities sulfates ( Glauber's salt respectively 14 and 12%); in the water "Nartan" 8% of the total mineralization is soda.

The sodium chloride waters also include Karmadon, Mirgorodskaya, Kuyalnik waters with a mineralization of 3.8, 2.8 and 3.1 g/l. In the first two, 79 and 83% of table salt, in the last - 61%. In "Mirgorodskaya" and in the source "Kuyalnik No. 4" there are sulfates (Glauber's salt): in the first - 9, in the second - 16%. The "Karmadon" and the source "Kuyalnik" contain bicarbonates. Soda is in the first 13, in the second - only 1% (the springs of the Kuyalnitsky resort are characterized by an increased content of hydrocarbonates).

Calcium chloride (bitter) waters

Calcium chloride waters (bitter and bitter-salty) reduce the permeability of vessel walls and have a hemostatic effect. They are also known as an expectorant. These waters are also prescribed in the treatment of the digestive organs, they increase the enzymatic power of gastric juice, improve protein function liver, enhance the formation of urea and its excretion in the urine. Such waters also have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. Purely calcium chloride water rarely found in nature. Among the medicinal and drinking water bottled, this type of water is represented by the Lugela spring, containing a 5% solution calcium chloride.

Chloride mixed cationic composition

The Baltic springs are rich in chloride waters of mixed cationic composition with a predominance of sodium (salty): “Druskininkai”, “Valmierska”, “Kemeri”, “Vytautas” and “Birute” have a mineralization, respectively, of 7.5, 6.2, 4.8 , 8.3 and 2.4 g/l.

The first three sources are of the sodium-calcium chloride type. Table salt in them is (in order): 63, 68, 48, 64, 50%. IN first three all three chloride salts are present, the last two lack calcium chloride. All these waters contain sulfates represented by gypsum [within 25 percent equivalents], but there are only 6% of them in the Valmierska spring, 14% in the Druskininkai water, and 23% in the Kemeri spring. In the waters of "Vytautas" and "Birut" there are gypsum (respectively 12 and 9%) and magnesia (5 and 7%).

Group of hydrocarbonate waters

At hyperacid gastritis and peptic ulcer, which are accompanied by increased acid-forming and secretory function of the stomach, treatment with bicarbonate-sodium (alkaline) waters is prescribed. Replenishing the lack of blood carbonates, they increase the body's alkaline reserves. Under their influence, the content of hydrogen ions (pH) in the body decreases, which, together with chlorine ions, serve to produce hydrochloric acid. By averaging the acidic contents of the stomach, alkaline waters contribute to its faster evacuation. As a result of taking alkaline waters, heartburn, belching, and a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region are eliminated.

Bicarbonate waters "Kuka", "Elbrus" (Polyana Narzanov, Elbrus region) and "Tursh-Su", with mineralization in the first two sources of 2.8, and in the last 3.5 g / l, also have a mixed cationic composition. The first of these bicarbonates of magnesium and calcium contains approximately equal amounts(41 and 48%), and in the source "Tursh-Su" they are 40 and 27%. In both waters there is still soda (in the first - 7, in the second - 19%) and a little Glauber's salt (respectively 4 and 9%), in the source "Elbrus" 33% soda, 30 - calcium bicarbonate and 17% common salt. All of them contain iron (19-27 mg/l).

Sulphate water group

Diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract are usually accompanied by insufficient production and (or) a delay in the release of bile. This makes it difficult to digest food. On the other hand, the retention of bile in the liver threatens with poisoning. For the treatment of such diseases, mainly sulfate waters, which have a choleretic effect, are used. Magnesian waters are especially intense in this respect. Thanks to them, the liver cells increase the formation of bile, the peristalsis of the biliary tract increases, the outflow from the gallbladder and ducts improves, thereby ensuring the removal of inflammation products, and conditions are created that prevent salts from falling out of bile and the formation of stones.

Sulphate waters have an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. Therefore, if liver disease is accompanied by reduced secretion of the stomach, you need to choose water in which, along with sulfates, sodium chlorides are also present. To a much lesser extent than sulfate, they have choleretic properties and . They increase the amount of bilirubin and cholesterol in the duodenal contents, which contribute to the digestion of food, and at the same time stimulate all metabolic processes in the liver. As already noted, these waters contribute to the leaching of mucus, leukocytes, salts and microbes from the bile ducts.

For the accumulation, storage, transportation and use of mineral waters, there are appropriate balneotechnical devices: cappings, overcapping structures and heads of boreholes, reservoirs, mineral pipelines, as well as bathroom buildings, drinking galleries and pump rooms (for internal use of mineral waters), devices for heating and cooling minvod.

The internal use of mineral waters is also practiced outside the resort. In these cases, imported mineral waters (bottled water) are used. The bottling of these waters is carried out at special plants and in the shops of food industry enterprises. For bottling mineral waters in countries former USSR used about 180 mineral springs with a production of over 1 billion bottles per year (more than 3,500 mineral springs and wells are known on the territory of the republics of the former Soviet Union). The water poured into bottles is saturated with carbon dioxide to a concentration of 3-4%, which increases its taste and maintains the stability of its chemical composition. The water in the bottle should be colorless, absolutely clean, odorless or not peculiar to it (foreign) taste; it is recommended to store bottles in a horizontal (lying) position in a cool place. The effectiveness of non-resort treatment with mineral waters (at home, in a local sanatorium, hospital, clinic) is greatly enhanced if it is combined with compliance with a certain regimen, diet ( medical nutrition) and the use of other medical measures(physiotherapy, physiotherapy, less often drug therapy, etc.).

Diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract are usually accompanied by insufficient production and (or) a delay in the release of bile. This makes it difficult to digest food. On the other hand, the retention of bile in the liver threatens with poisoning. For the treatment of such diseases, mainly sulfate waters, which have a choleretic effect, are used. Magnesian waters are especially intense in this respect. Thanks to them, the liver cells increase the formation of bile, the peristalsis of the biliary tract increases, the outflow from the gallbladder and ducts improves, thereby ensuring the removal of inflammation products, and conditions are created that prevent salts from falling out of bile and the formation of stones.

Sulphate waters have an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. Therefore, if liver disease is accompanied by reduced secretion of the stomach, you need to choose water in which, along with sulfates, sodium chlorides are also present. To a much lesser extent than sulfate, have choleretic properties and alkaline water. They increase the amount of bilirubin and cholesterol in the duodenal contents, which contribute to the digestion of food, and at the same time stimulate all metabolic processes in the liver. As already noted, these waters contribute to the leaching of mucus, leukocytes, salts and microbes from the bile ducts.

The method of taking choleretic waters depends on the acidity of the gastric juice: with low - they drink water 15 minutes before meals, with normal - 45 minutes, and in case of high - one and a half hours before eating. Compliance with these rules enhances the effect of mineral water, which must certainly be heated to 40 ° C.

If bowel disease is accompanied by a tendency to constipation, sulfate waters are prescribed, since they have not only a choleretic, but also a laxative effect (in high concentrations, in particular, magnesium sulfate). Such waters are slowly absorbed in the intestines, as a result of which its contents long time remains liquid. By increasing intestinal peristalsis, sulfate waters contribute to its emptying. By the way, the regulation of the intestines has a positive effect on the functioning of the liver. Sodium chloride waters are also used with a salt content of 10 g / l and above (with a “relatively high” mineralization), they also cause loosening of the stool. This occurs as a result of increased influx of fluid from the tissue (due to osmosis) and increased peristalsis. Sodium chloride waters with a significant salt content (high concentrations) are contraindicated in case of a tendency to water retention in body tissues.

Weakly mineralized sodium chloride mineral waters, on the contrary, are quickly absorbed in the intestines, and therefore are prescribed with a tendency to diarrhea. In this case, high concentrations of salts are also harmful.

The time of admission (in these cases), as usual, is dictated by the acidity of the gastric juice: with low - 10-15 minutes, high - 1.5-2 hours, and normal - 40 minutes before meals. The temperature of mineral water depends on the type of disease: in case of intestinal atony and a tendency to constipation, it is more useful to take water at room temperature, otherwise [diarrhea] it should be heated to a temperature of 30-40 ° C.

Sulfate bottled waters have a low salt concentration - from 2.4 to 3.9 g/l, with the exception of the Batalinsky spring water - 21 g/l. Sulphate salts predominate in all sulfate waters. Alkalis are absent or present in small quantities - within 10%. The hydrocarbonate group is usually represented by a lime component. There are also few chlorides, mainly table salt.

sulfate mineral waters They reduce the activity of gastric secretion and affect the intestines. They cleanse the body of toxic substances, normalize the functioning of the liver, and regulate stool. Sulphate waters eliminate inflammatory processes in gallbladder, prevent the formation gallstones, remove pigments, bile acids, have a choleretic effect.

These waters speed up the metabolism. Sulfates slow down the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. These mineral waters are used for liver diseases and related diseases of the stomach, such as gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, ulcers, chronic diseases of the urinary tract, as well as anemia. They help well with high acidity, accelerate treatment diabetes and obesity, increase sexual potency.

Additional components of sulfate mineral waters enhance their therapeutic effect and give a specific focus. For example, sulfate-chloride waters are a good choleretic and laxative. Drink sulfate-chloride water is better before eating, 10-15 minutes before. Sulfate-hydrocarbonate waters slow down gastric secretion. The intake of such waters improves the performance pancreas .

Characteristics of mineral waters and diseases cured by them

• Atsylyk - bicarbonate-sodium water of the Atsylyk spring, widely known in North Ossetia, Dagestan, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and Georgia. Atsylyk is not only a table drink, but also effective remedy in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, liver, kidneys, etc.
• Batalinskaya - bitter mineral water great content magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate, is known primarily as a very effective laxative. Simultaneous reception 1-1.5 cups of Batalinsky (preferably on an empty stomach) causes a quick and complete bowel movement. Batalinskaya is indispensable in the treatment of chronic constipation.

The advantage of Batalinsky water is that it can be taken periodically for a long time without fear of any harmful effects. It is taken in the treatment of hemorrhoids, stagnation in the system portal vein, she renders favorable influence on metabolic processes, especially in obesity.

• "White Hill" - sodium chloride-calcium water with high mineralization. The water of the Belaya Gorka spring (Voronezh region) contains a significant amount of calcium chloride, as well as bromine. Used in the treatment various diseases gastrointestinal tract, gout.
• Berezovskaya - ferrous hydrocarboiate-calcium-magnesium water of low concentration. Possesses pleasant taste, is widely used as a table drink. Recommended in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract, regulates gastrointestinal secretion, increases diuresis, enhances blood formation.
• Borjomi - carbonic bicarbonate sodium water, which can be successfully used for treatment gastrointestinal diseases, with diseases of the liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders. Useful for gastric catarrhs, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic intestinal catarrhs, chronic diseases of the liver and biliary tract, urolithiasis, colds, bronchitis, mild forms of diabetes.
• Essentuki No. 4 - carbonate hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium mineral water of moderate concentration. It is widely used in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in diseases of the liver, gallbladder and urinary tract. It has a beneficial effect on the course of metabolic processes.
• Essentuki No. 17 - carbonate bicarbonate-chloride-sodium water, has a significant concentration minerals. It is used with great success in the same diseases as Essentuki No. 4 (often in combination with it, for example, in the morning, water No. 17 is taken, and in the afternoon - water No. 4).
• Essentuki № 20 - a common table drink. Belongs to the type of sulfate-bicarbonate-calcium-magic waters weak concentration. It has a beneficial effect on bowel function and promotes normal digestion. This is not only table water, but also an effective therapeutic agent that works well for diseases of the metabolism and urinary tract.
• Izhevsk - sulfate calcium chloride mineral water of the Izhevsk spring. Refreshing table drink with excellent taste, good thirst quencher. Taken in the morning on an empty stomach, it has a laxative and diuretic effect.

Izhevskaya is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver and biliary tract, diseases of the urinary tract, and metabolic disorders.

• "Martin" - carbonic bicarbonate-iatrium-magnesium water with a high content of free carbon dioxide. Mineral water "Lastochka" in its own way physical and chemical properties It is also close to waters of the Borjomi type and is very popular in Transbaikalia, in the Far East, not only as a medicinal mineral water, but also as a tasty, pleasant table drink.
• Mirgorodskaya - sodium chloride mineral water type Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17. The use of this water affects the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, increases the secretion of bile, stimulates the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, improves metabolism.
• Moscow - mineral water of the Moscow deep borehole, characterized by low mineralization and belongs to the type of sulfate-calcium-magnesium waters. The chemical composition is similar to the water of Essentuki No. 20.

Moskovskaya is a delicious table drink that refreshes and quenches thirst well, it is successfully used in the treatment chronic gastritis, normalizes the peristalsis of the stomach and reduces heartburn, belching, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, is useful for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, since its use gives a choleretic effect.

• Narzan - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-calcium water of the Narzan spring in Kislovodsk. This water is famous as a refreshing, thirst-quenching and slightly appetizing table drink.

Narzan enhances intestinal peristalsis and secretory activity of the digestive glands, increases the amount of urine, promotes the dissolution of phosphates. The salts of magnesium sulphate and calcium bicarbonate contained in narzan have a beneficial effect on the body when catarrhal diseases urinary tract.

• Naftusya (Truskavetska) - slightly mineralized bicarbonate calcium-magnesium water. Used to treat urinary tract, urolithiasis, stimulates bile formation.
• Polyustrovskaya - ferruginous low-mineralized water of a source discovered in the 18th century in the vicinity of St. Petersburg (near the village of Polyustrovo, which means "swamp" in Finnish). Water contains a large amount of ferrous iron. It is successfully used to treat anemia, with blood loss, general loss of strength, in the postoperative period. It is also a thirst quencher and is especially beneficial for workers in hot shops where the air contains carbon monoxide. Polyustrovskaya increases the number of red blood cells, partially destroyed by carbon monoxide. Long-term use of it increases the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. After additional carbonation, it is used as table water. A number of carbonated fruit and berry drinks are produced on the basis of Polyustrovskaya water.
• "Polyana Kvasova" - carbonic bicarbonate-sodium water with a significant content of carbon dioxide. "Polyana" surpasses Borjomi in its mineralization and amount of hydrocarbonate. It is used with great success in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, liver, etc. Its use affects gastric secretion and acidity, thins mucus, increases diuresis and increases the excretion of urinary sand.
• Growled-su - bicarbonate-sodium water of the Rychal-su source. In terms of its physical and chemical composition, it approaches Borjomi. Rychal-su is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and metabolic disorders.
• Sairme - carbonic bicarbonate sodium-calcium water, indicated for diseases of the stomach, in particular gastritis with high acidity, gastric and duodenal ulcers, functional bowel disorders, chronic kidney disease, obesity, mild forms of diabetes.
• Slavyanovskaya - almost identical in chemical composition to Smirnovskaya. It is only less saturated with natural carbon dioxide and more radioactive. Slavyanovskaya, like Smirnovskaya, has proven itself in the treatment of stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers.
• Smirnovskaya - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-iatrium-calcium water of the Zheleznovodsk hot spring. This water is very effective in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Smirnovskaya, taken 1-1.5 hours before meals, leads to inhibition of the process of secretion of gastric juice and is therefore extremely useful in the treatment of gastric diseases with high acidity. This water is also very beneficial in the treatment of the liver, biliary and urinary tract.