Treatment of ulcerative colitis at home. Ulcerative colitis: varieties, diet menu, herbs and medications

Ulcerative colitis: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Ulcerative colitis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease - we're talking about about intestinal pathology, which is characterized by the formation of erosive defects on the mucous membrane with background inflammation.

With UC, only parts of the large intestine are affected, including the rectum, and with Crohn's disease, normal mucous membrane alternates with erosions and ulcers; the rectum, as a rule, is not inflamed. Changes in Crohn's disease can affect the entire digestive tract.

Ulcerative colitis occurs in waves, when the exacerbation stage is replaced by a remission stage.
The disease affects young people aged 15 to 35 years, but the pathology also occurs in older men and women. In women, erosive changes in the intestinal mucosa are diagnosed more often.

To the question: “Can ulcerative colitis be cured?” there is no clear answer. If you treat your health with due attention, you can achieve remission, when the disease does not manifest itself in any way.

Ulcerative colitis in children especially requires timely diagnosis, since complications in childhood occur more often.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

ICD code – 10 K51

Manifestations of the disease directly depend on the localization of the process and the severity. There are local and general symptoms.

Local signs of ulcerative colitis of the intestine include:

Stool disorders.

For nonspecific ulcerative colitis

The patient complains of diarrhea mixed with blood, mucus, and, in cases of severe inflammation, pus. Feces are foul-smelling. Some patients may experience mucus, ichor, and purulent discharge between bowel movements. The urge to go to the toilet “in a big way” can reach up to 20 times a day, and blood loss can be significant, up to 250 ml of blood. The above describes a severe form of ulcerative colitis; manifestations of the disease can be less aggressive.

In uncomplicated cases, during treatment, diarrhea occurs 3-4 times a day, abdominal cramps occur in the morning and at night.

For Crohn's disease

In Crohn's disease, the stool is liquid with a large amount of feces, the urge to defecate occurs much less frequently.

Abdominal pain with ulcerative colitis varies in intensity: from significant pain syndrome with the use of antispasmodics and analgesics, to discomfort, which do not cause much concern.

Pain syndrome in UC is usually localized in the left half of the abdomen or in the left iliac region. During colitis, there is one peculiarity: after defecation, the pain syndrome decreases, and after physical activity, jolting driving, or eating, it intensifies.

Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis are caused by intoxication of the body, and are expressed by the following symptoms:

Weakness, apathy, tendency to depression.
Decreased appetite.
Nausea, vomiting.
Bloating, belching.
IN severe cases- rashes on skin.
Headache, muscle, joint pain.
Temperature rises to low-grade levels.
Loss of body weight, even to the point of exhaustion.
Anemia.
Oropharynx lesions: aphthous gingivitis, glossitis, stomatitis.
Fecal incontinence and false urge to defecate.
Discharge from the rectum.

In Crohn's disease in rare cases there may be eye damage.

Let us especially focus on damage to the articular apparatus. Joint diseases manifest themselves in the form of arthritis, spondylitis and may precede ulcerative colitis.

It should be noted that with ulcerative inflammation of the intestines (granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease), complications can develop in almost any organs and systems, for example, in the lungs, thyroid gland, biliary tract, kidneys.

Patients of gastroenterologists and proctologists often ask the question: “How not to miss the first signs of ulcerative colitis?” It is necessary to take into account that at the first symptoms of trouble in the gastrointestinal tract, consult a doctor, since only after an examination is it appropriate to talk about a diagnosis. Behind bloody discharge Bowel cancer may well be lurking, and flatulence and nausea may be signs of inflammation of the pancreas. Intense pain in the abdomen is a reason for emergency hospitalization; sometimes even doctors do not immediately determine what caused the pain.

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis in children are similar to those in adults.

Causes of development of ulcerative colitis of the intestine

The question of what causes ulcers in the intestines remains controversial to this day. We can only talk about predisposing factors:

Hereditary predisposition.
Genetic conditioning.
All types of gastrointestinal tract infections.
Autoimmune diseases as a concomitant pathology.
Stressful conditions.
Adherence to poor nutrition.
Prolonged contact with toxic substances.
Radiation exposure.
Food allergies.
Taking certain medications ( hormonal contraceptives, NSAIDs).

Among the new theories, a certain role in the development of intestinal ulcers is assigned to immune, genetic factors and fungal infection intestinal walls.

Forms of colitis

By localization:

Left-sided colitis, affecting the colon. Accordingly, pain bothers the left side, etc.

General (total) colitis- the most severe form of ulcerative colitis, as it is characterized by a greater prevalence of ulcers and necrotic lesions. With total colitis, complications are expected to develop against the background of intense diarrhea and severe pain:

Dehydration,
cachexia,
anemia,
intestinal bleeding,
general intoxication.

What is "pancolitis"?

The prefix “pan” is translated from Greek as “whole, whole,” so “pancolitis” is inflammation of the intestines throughout.

What is the difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

In UC, only the colon, and with Crohn's disease, ulcers can be in any part of the digestive tract.

Colitis of the final sections of the intestine (distal colitis)

In addition to erosive lesions mucous membrane the walls of the left intestines, the rectum also undergoes changes. It is this form that proctologists and gastroenterologists most often encounter. The symptoms are typical for intestinal inflammation.

In addition to acute and chronic course diseases, additionally distinguish a chronic continuous form, acute fulminant, recurrent and chronic recurrent colitis.

Chronic ulcerative colitis

Hyperemia of the mucous membrane,
change in vascular pattern,
foci of atrophy,
traces of scarring of ulcerative defects.

The leading sign of chronic ulcerative colitis is frequent loose stools for a long time, up to 15 times a day. Sometimes diarrhea is replaced by constipation.

The pain syndrome is moderate, the pain is rather aching in nature. Additionally, patients complain of nausea and flatulence. In most cases, appetite is not affected and weight loss is insignificant.

From common symptoms chronic ulcerative colitis is characterized by irritability, excessive sweating, instability of mental reactions.

Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis

As with any exacerbation of the disease, symptoms intensify: the intensity of pain increases, diarrhea intensifies, general health suffers. If you do not begin to restore the electrolyte-fluid balance, dehydration occurs. Against the background of a decrease in magnesium and potassium from the cardiovascular side vascular system There is a rhythm disturbance and a drop in blood pressure.

At lightning-fast form possible development acute abdomen against the background of intestinal rupture with bleeding and peritonitis.

Differential diagnosis of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)

Colonoscopy plays a special role in differential diagnosis.

Pay attention to the following aspects:

1. intestinal lumen (narrowed in CD, and normal in UC).
2. folds (BC – flattened, UC – preserved),
3. color (BC – yellowish, UC – all shades of red),
4. mucosal surface (CD – smooth, UC – granular),
5. abscesses (CD - no, UC - yes),
6. type of ulceration (CD - aphthous defects at a considerable distance from each other, UC - erosion irregular shape, tendency to merge),
7. appearance of blood upon contact (CD - no, UC - yes),
8. visualization of blood vessels (CD - preserved, UC - not).
9. presence of discharge in the intestines (BC - mucus, UC - bloody mucus),
10. state of deeper layers (CD - yes, UC - no).

It should be noted that when severe forms ulcerative intestinal lesions differential diagnosis during colonoscopy is difficult, and then they resort to morphological analysis: crypts - abscesses or sarcoid granulomas clearly indicate Crohn's disease.

After subsiding acute inflammation It is possible to perform a repeat colonoscopy, in this case, the chances of differentiating nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the intestine from Crohn's disease increase.

Diagnostic measures

Laboratory diagnostics

General urine test and general blood test.
In urine - increased specific gravity, with kidney damage - protein, cylindruria. In the blood - leukocytosis, increase in ESR, decreased hemoglobin levels.

Biochemical blood parameters.
Positive C-reactive protein indicates the intensity of the inflammatory process. Liver tests may be higher than normal.

Blood electrolytes.
Magnesium, calcium and protein fractions are below normal.

Serum iron test.

Immunogram.
In an immunological blood test, an increase in antibodies.

Fecal analysis for microscopy and occult blood.
The presence of blood, leukocytes, and mucus is confirmed macroscopically and microscopically in the stool.

Sowing biomaterial from the intestines to determine the pathogen and sensitivity to the antibiotic.

Instrumental methods for diagnosing ulcerative colitis

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
Endoscopic methods for diagnosing intestinal pathology include colonoscopy and rectosigmoidoscopy.

The picture depends on the period of the disease in which the study was carried out: during the period of remission, against the background of mild hyperemia, areas of atrophy are visualized. During the examination, material may be taken for a biopsy.

The picture in the acute period of ulcerative colitis is as follows:

The presence of pus, mucus, blood in the intestinal lumen.
Hyperemia.
Edema.
Pseudopolyposis intestines.

X-ray examinations with a barium mixture have recently been prescribed less frequently, as more modern methods are replacing them instrumental diagnostics. These include capsule endoscopy, which is sometimes an alternative to colonoscopy. The procedure is non-traumatic, practically painless, but visualization is worse than with standard methods examinations.

Consequences of ulcerative colitis

The consequences of ulcerative colitis in the absence of treatment and diet therapy are unfavorable:

With each exacerbation, the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer increases.
Perforation of the intestinal wall with bleeding.
Formation of cracks.
Deterioration in quality of life.
Dilatation of the intestine in the affected area with symptoms of intoxication and acute inflammation.

How to treat ulcerative colitis

Conservative therapy

The treatment regimen is drawn up individually for each patient and depends on the causes of the disease, severity and presence of concomitant pathology.

Corticosteroid drugs (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone) are prescribed if there is no effect from aminosalicylates.

Aminosalicylic acids (Mesalazine, Sulfasalazine).

All of the above are indications for surgery. According to statistics, surgical treatment is resorted to in 20% of cases.

Diet therapy

There are 2 main types of treatment for ulcerative lesions of the intestinal mucosa: conservative and surgical.

Conservative therapy is used more often. In the acute period, the patient is allowed to drink water; when he feels better, he is introduced into the diet. protein products With reduced content fat In particularly difficult situations, it is carried out parenteral nutrition special balanced mixtures.

Foods that can be eaten during ulcerative colitis of the intestine (beyond exacerbation):

Eggs,
porridge,
berry compotes and fruit drinks,
herbal decoctions,
cottage cheese,
all varieties lean meat and fish,
skinless bird.

Anything spicy, sour, salty, smoked, alcohol, products containing coarse fiber, etc. are subject to exclusion. raw vegetables and fruits, full-fat dairy products, seasonings, fresh juices, legumes, nuts and seeds. From strong tea and coffee should also be avoided.

Meals are frequent, fractional, in small portions. Food should be steamed, in the oven, or simply boiled. All dishes should be neither too cold nor too hot. This also applies to drinks.

Stress and smoking negatively affect the intestinal mucosa, so it is worth getting rid of these provoking factors.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional recipes for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis can only be used as an auxiliary method, after consultation with your doctor.

In an acute period, relying on traditional medicine can lead to extreme adverse consequences. Treatment traditional medicine should not be carried out at the expense of traditional therapy.

Microenemas with sea buckthorn oil help a lot. For this you need 50-60 ml sea ​​buckthorn oil insert into the rectum and try to avoid bowel movements. It is better if the oil lingers in the intestines overnight. Sea buckthorn has anti-inflammatory, enveloping, antimicrobial properties. The course of treatment is long - up to 30 days.

What herbs help with colitis

You can take decoctions medicinal herbs. The following plants have anti-inflammatory and restorative properties for the intestinal mucosa:

Centaury,
sage,
chamomile,
cumin seeds,
elecampane root,
mint,
wormwood,
St. John's wort,
sophora japonica,
Dill seeds.

To prepare the infusion, pour a teaspoon of crushed raw materials with a glass of boiling water and let it brew. Strain and take 1/3 cup 3 times a day on an empty stomach. To avoid addiction, it is better to alternate plants.

Chamomile and honey

Can be cooked chamomile tea with honey. To do this, pour 2 tablespoons of chamomile into 400 ml of water. Simmer over low heat for 7-10 minutes, add 100 ml of water, add honey to taste.
You can make a microenema with the same decoction. Volume 50 ml, temperature 36 C. Course of treatment – ​​12 days.

Let's summarize:

Ulcerative colitis - serious illness, requiring constant attention. If you work together with your doctor and adhere to the principles of proper nutrition, you can forget about the problems of the gastrointestinal tract for many years.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory pathology large intestine, characterized by the development of ulcers and hemorrhages in the mucous membrane.
The disease affects people between the ages of twenty and forty. Women are more likely to suffer from ulcerative colitis.

Causes of the disease

The etiological factor of the disease has not yet been established.
There are a number of hypotheses about the occurrence of ulcerative colitis of the intestine:

• ulcerative colitis - infectious pathology unknown etiology,
• ulcerative colitis - autoimmune disease, based on the production by the immune system of its own antibodies against epithelial cells of the large intestine,
• Ulcerative colitis has a hereditary predisposition.

The provoking factors of the disease are:

• high carbohydrate diet low in dietary fiber,
• intestinal dysbiosis,
• mental trauma, stress, emotional stress,
• sedentary lifestyle.

Pathomorphology

Pathological anatomy is represented by diffuse superficial lesions of the walls of the large intestine. Usually the pathological process is localized in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Total damage to the entire intestine is very rare.
Morphological characteristics Ulcerative colitis are small ulcers on the lining of the large intestine. At the same time, it is full-blooded, the unaffected epithelium is hypertrophied and protrudes significantly above the surface of the mucosa. Ulcers, as a rule, are not deep, the intestinal walls are compacted.
It is possible that infection may occur and secondary purulent inflammation may develop. All this leads to hypersensitivity of the mucous membrane, which begins to bleed even with minor exposure.

Classification

Classification depending on the location of the pathology

1. Regional colitis - local damage to the colon with an area of ​​inflammation small size, capable of increasing and then turning into a more severe form.
2. Total colitis is manifested by inflammation that covers the entire epithelium of the large intestine and affects deep tissues
3. Left-sided ulcerative colitis.
4. Ulcerative proctitis is a regional inflammation of the final section of the colon.

Classification depending on the course of the disease

• Acute colitis is characterized by sudden onset of obvious attacks under the influence of environmental factors,
• Chronic colitis is a sluggish hereditary disease,
• Recurrent colitis - type chronic form a disease that becomes acute under the influence of provoking factors, and after their disappearance returns back to chronic.

The last two types are relatively difficult to treat, since the affected area is quite large.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

Based on the severity of clinical symptoms, the disease is divided into degrees: mild, moderate and severe.
Mild and moderate severity are characterized by the patient having general symptoms of ulcerative colitis of the intestine: malaise, weakness, fever up to 38°C, and local signs: increased bowel movements up to five times per bowel movement, the appearance of blood in the stool and cramping pain in the abdomen.
Severe course of the disease manifests itself:

• fever over 38°C,
• tachycardia,
• pulse more than 90 beats per minute,
• pallor of the skin due to developed anemia,
• dizziness,
• weakness,
• weight loss,
• frequent bowel movements more than six times a day,
• presence in stool large quantity blood, sometimes blood comes out in clots,
• intense cramping pain in the abdomen preceding the act of defecation.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis can manifest as constipation and pain in the left iliac region. At the same time, the body temperature rises slightly, and patients do not pay special attention to these signs. But soon rectal bleeding mixed with pus occurs. The amount of blood released varies from a few drops to twenty milliliters.
Clinical symptoms Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is divided into intestinal and extraintestinal.
Intestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis: diarrhea or constipation, cutting or It's a dull pain on the left side of the abdomen, anorexia and weight loss, fever, water and electrolyte imbalance with kidney damage.
Extraintestinal symptoms: conjunctivitis with further deterioration of vision, stomatitis, gingivitis, arthritis, skin diseases, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism.
If abdominal pain does not stop for six hours and there is bleeding from the rectum, then urgent health care, hospitalization of the patient and a thorough examination to exclude acute surgical pathology.
The course of the disease in children and the elderly has its own characteristics.
Nonspecific ulcerative colitis develops in children of any age, but most often in adolescents. The disease manifests itself with symptoms that are very scarce and insignificantly expressed. Symptoms of ulcerative colitis in children are growth retardation and paroxysmal diarrhea. The periods of remission last quite a long time - several years.
In older people, the disease develops sluggishly, which is associated with age-related decline immune function of the body. In older people, complications develop much less frequently than in children and young people.
It is necessary to differentiate ulcerative colitis with dysentery, salmonellosis - this could be Crohn's disease, Crohn's disease, pseudomembranous colitis, celiac disease, diverticulum, etc. Of the entire list of diseases, the most similar in clinical manifestations Crohn's disease is considered to be ulcerative colitis. The main difference is that Crohn's disease is characterized by damage to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall, and ulcerative colitis - only the mucous membrane.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of nonspecific ulcerative colitis always begins with an analysis of the patient’s complaints and anamnestic data. Then the patient is examined, during which signs of anemia are revealed, and palpation of the abdomen determines pain on the left or throughout the abdomen.
Additional methods studies are laboratory, endoscopic and radiological.
Laboratory methods research:

• general blood analysis,
• blood for clotting,
• standard studies taken during hospitalization of a patient in a hospital.

Basic instrumental method research – fibrocolonoscopy. It is carried out like this: a flexible probe is inserted into the rectum through the anus, which has a microcamera at the end, with which you can examine and evaluate the condition of the colon mucosa. Any endoscopic examination is prohibited in full during an exacerbation of the disease, as this can worsen the patient’s condition and even lead to perforation of the intestinal wall. Colonoscopy is a universal diagnostic method that allows you to understand what ulcerative colitis is.
Irrigoscopy - safer and less informative method research, which consists of introducing a barium suspension into the rectum using an enema, followed by x-ray examination. Using barium on an x-ray, you can obtain an impression of the intestinal mucosa and use it to judge the presence and severity of ulcerative defects.
X-ray diagnostics allows you to determine the localization pathological process, its prevalence, the presence of complications and monitoring the development of the disease.
Microbiological examination nonspecific colitis is carried out to exclude viral etiology diseases. To do this, a bacteriological culture of the test material is carried out and a conclusion is made based on the results obtained. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by the release of pathogenic microorganisms from feces, an increase in the number of staphylococci, Proteus, a decrease in lactobacilli, as well as the release of specific microflora, which is uncharacteristic of the intestine healthy person.
Complications of ulcerative colitis - colon perforation - can be identified using plain radiography of the abdominal organs without the use of contrast agents.

Complications of ulcerative colitis

Complications of ulcerative colitis occur when treatment of the pathology is not started in a timely manner or is not effective.

1. Life-threatening bleeding.
2. Toxic dilatation of the colon, which occurs as a result of stopping peristaltic contractions and the presence of pronounced.
3. Perforation of the colon, which is a violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall with the outflow of intestinal contents into the free abdominal cavity.
4. Polyps and colon cancer.
5. Stenosis and development of intestinal obstruction.
6. Hemorrhoids and anal fissures.
7. Extraintestinal complications: arthropathy, hepatitis, cholecystitis, pyoderma, mental disorders.

Colitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon. Ulcerative colitis is chronic illness colon with the development of ulcers in the mucosa and hemorrhages. There are acute and chronic colitis. Colitis is usually a long-term disease in which inflammatory and dystrophic changes develop mainly in the mucous membrane of the colon.

The photo shows a severe form of ulcerative colitis of the sigmoid colon

Acute colitis is most often caused by dysentery microorganisms, salmonella, staphylococci, streptococci, or occurs as a result of exposure to allergens or toxins.

Causes of ulcerative colitis.

The causes of its occurrence are not reliably known. Normal functioning of the colon is disrupted pathogens(salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.), causing stagnation of intestinal contents; foci of infection in gallbladder, pancreas and other organs anatomically related to the intestines; systematic consumption of indigestible, spicy foods, alcohol; chronic constipation, leading to the accumulation of heavy fecal residues that are not completely eliminated; Laxatives can only increase colon irritation. Other reasons: allergic reaction on certain food, antibiotic use, neuro-emotional disorders, stress.

Exacerbations occur after physical and nervous overstrain. Women get sick more often. Damage to the intestine can be throughout its entire length - total or only in a separate area - segmental. The rectum is also affected.

Symptoms of colitis

Pain in the lower abdomen (around the navel), bloating, diarrhea, mucus (sometimes blood) in the stool, fever (acute colitis); general malaise, poor appetite, nausea, cramping abdominal pain with a strong urge to defecate, diarrhea alternating with constipation (chronic colitis).

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis.

Patients report diarrhea, bleeding from stool, and abdominal pain. Less commonly, an admixture of pus can be found in the stool. General well-being is disturbed, accompanied by decreased appetite, apathy, weight loss, and increased body temperature up to 37.5 °C. The disease can be very severe, accompanied by bleeding from ulcers and perforation of the wall.
intestines. The course of the disease is most often long-term and requires constant maintenance therapy.

Symptoms of acute colitis.

Cramping pain in the abdomen, bloating, diarrhea mixed with mucus and sometimes blood, fever up to 38-39°C. Vomiting may occur.

Chronic colitis can occur as a result of acute inflammation or due to the presence of foci of infection in the gallbladder, pancreas and other organs, as well as malnutrition, abuse of spicy foods, and alcohol.

Symptoms of chronic colitis.

Poor appetite, nausea, general malaise, flatulence. Abdominal pain often does not have a clear localization, is cramping in nature, is accompanied by a strong urge to defecate, and radiates to the lower back and groin. The nature of the stool may change: sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation.

Traditional methods of treating colitis.

Medicines: antibacterial, enzymatic, enveloping, analgesic. Selection of an individual diet. The diet should be gentle, rich in vitamins, and complete.

During an exacerbation, it is necessary to observe bed rest and a diet that includes fruits and vegetables, pureed mucous soups, cereal porridge on water, boiled meat (minced meat, steam cutlets, meatballs), boiled fish. Dairy products are excluded. In severe cases, surgery is necessary.

Home remedies for colitis

For colitis, drink whey from cheese 2 times a day.

Take 20 drops of 30% alcohol infusion of propolis, diluting them in 0.5 cups warm water or milk, 3 times a day 1 hour before meals. At the same time, adhere to the diet recommended by your doctor. The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks. The condition usually improves after 5-10 days of treatment.

Herbs and mixtures for the treatment of colitis

Brew 4 teaspoons of raspberry leaves or berries with 2 cups of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Drink 0.5 cups 4 times a day before meals for colitis and stomach bleeding.

Mix 1 teaspoon each of centaury herb, sage leaf and chamomile flowers. Brew the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon every 2 hours. After 1-3 months, reduce the dose, lengthening the intervals between doses of the infusion. Treatment is harmless and can be long-lasting. Used for colitis.

Pour 2 tablespoons of peppermint leaves with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain. Drink 0.5-1 glass 15-20 minutes before meals 2-3 times a day to treat colitis.

Pour 2 tablespoons of wild strawberry leaves with 2 cups of boiling water. Insist. Take 2-3 tablespoons for colitis.

Take 20 g of dry peels or 50 g of fresh pomegranate with seeds, simmer over low heat for 30 minutes, add 1 glass of water, strain. Take 2 tablespoons 2 times a day. Helps with allergic colitis and enterocolitis.

Pour 100 g of yarrow herb into 1.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 18 hours in a sealed container. Strain the infusion and boil until it evaporates to 0.75 liters. Add 1 tablespoon of alcohol and 1 tablespoon of glycerin, stir well. Take 30 drops 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment for colitis is 1 month.

Pour 1 tablespoon of bird cherry fruits with 1 glass of boiling water, cook for 5 minutes over low heat, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 0.25 cups 2-3 times a day for colitis.

Attention! Fruit seeds cannot be crushed; they contain a toxic substance.

Pour 1 tablespoon of burnet rhizomes and roots with 1 glass of hot water, boil for 30 minutes, leave for 2 hours, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 5 times a day before meals for colitis.

Take 25 g of cinquefoil erecta rhizomes, 20 g of blueberry leaves and fruits, 55 g of chamomile inflorescences. Leave 1 teaspoon of the mixture in 1 glass of cold water for 6 hours, cook for 5-7 minutes, strain. Drink the entire infusion in small sips throughout the day for colitis.

Take equal quantities of gray alder catkins, cinquefoil rhizomes, and stinging nettle root. Take 50 g of the mixture, leave for 10-12 hours in 1 liter of cold water, cook for 10-12 minutes and strain. Drink 1 glass of hot infusion on an empty stomach, the rest - throughout the day in 4 doses. Use for chronic colitis.

Take equal parts of peppermint leaves, chamomile inflorescences, and cinquefoil rhizomes. Infuse 1 tablespoon of the mixture for 30 minutes in 1 glass of boiling water, strain. Take 1 glass 2-3 times a day for colitis.

Take equal parts of a wormwood leaf and a medicinal sage leaf. Infuse 1 tablespoon of the mixture for 30 minutes in 1 glass of boiling water, strain. For colitis, take 1 tablespoon every 2 hours.

Take equal amounts of oregano herb, herb shepherd's purse, knotweed herb, motherwort herb five-lobed, common yarrow herb, St. John's wort herb, stinging nettle leaf. Pour 2 tablespoons of the mixture into a thermos overnight with 2 cups of boiling water, strain. Drink 0.5 cups 3 times a day for chronic colitis.

Pour 1 teaspoon of crushed herb fumyana officinalis with 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 5 hours, strain. Take 1-2 tablespoons 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

Attention! Smokeweed is poisonous. Strictly observe the dosage.

Folk remedies for the treatment of colitis:

• Pour 80–100 g of dried watermelon rinds with 2 cups of boiling water, leave and strain. Drink 1/2 glass 4-6 times a day. The infusion is used for acute and chronic inflammation of the large intestine.
• 10 g of fennel fruits are poured into a glass of boiling water, heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled, filtered and the volume adjusted to 200 ml. Drink 1/3–1/2 cup 3 times a day for chronic spastic colitis.
• If colitis worsens, you can take an herbal infusion along with the treatment and diet prescribed by your doctor. Brew a mixture of 1 teaspoon centaury, 1 teaspoon sage and 1 teaspoon chamomile in 1 glass of boiling water. Cover the glass with a saucer, let the infusion cool and strain it. Take 1 tablespoon 7–8 times a day, depending on how long the patient is awake. The duration of treatment is from 1 to 3 months. After this, the dose is reduced, and the time intervals between doses of the medication are increased.
• For chronic stomach diseases– gastritis, ulcers, and inflammation of the colon – every day for a month you need to eat up to 8 g of propolis. It should be chewed for a long time, best on an empty stomach. In case of allergies, do not stop treatment.
• For colitis and enteritis, take a decoction of 15 g of gray alder bark in a glass of water, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day. Or a tincture of 25 g of bark per 100 g of alcohol or per glass of vodka - 30-40 drops 2-3 times a day.
• Mix the leaves of medicinal sage, peppermint leaves, chamomile herb and St. John's wort, and the fruits of caraway seeds equally. Pour two tablespoons of the mixture into a thermos overnight with 1 cup of boiling water and strain. Drink 1/2 glass 3-4 times a day.
• Pour 100 g of common yarrow herb into 1.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 8 hours in a closed enamel container. Strain the infusion and boil until it evaporates to 75 ml. Add 1 spoon of alcohol and 1 spoon of glycerin and stir well. Take 25-30 drops 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 1 month.
• Prepare a set of the following ingredients: cinquefoil rhizome - 20 g, knotweed rhizome - 20 g, chamomile inflorescences - 20 g, plantain leaves - 25 g, blueberry fruits - 25 g. Brew a tablespoon of the mixture like tea in a glass of boiling water and strain . Drink the entire infusion throughout the day.
• Collect the following components in equal proportions: oregano grass, shepherd's purse, knotweed, motherwort pentaloba, common yarrow, St. John's wort, stinging nettle leaf. Pour two tablespoons of the mixture into a thermos overnight with 2 cups of boiling water, strain in the morning. Drink 1/2 glass 3 times a day for chronic colitis.
• It is recommended to take 1 teaspoon of onion juice 3-4 times a day for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Pour two tablespoons of mint leaves into 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes and strain. Drink 1/2–1 glass 15–20 minutes before meals 2–3 times a day.
• Collect the components in the indicated quantities: St. John's wort herb - 25 g, centaury - 25 g, wormwood leaves - 25 g, horsetail herb - 25 g, angelica rhizome - 25 g, peppermint leaf - 10 g, rhizome with roots valerian officinalis – 10 g. Infuse two tablespoons of a mixture of the first 5 listed herbs in 0.5 liters of hot red wine for 10–15 minutes, then add the remaining 2 plants (1 tablespoon each) to the wine and infuse for another 25–30 minutes. Take 2-3 tablespoons 3-4 times a day with a glass of water.
• Prepare the ingredients in the following proportions: wild strawberry leaf – 6 parts, lemon balm leaf – 3 parts, thyme herb – 1 part, caraway fruits – 1 part, yarrow herb – 1 part. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and strain. Take 1/3–1/2 cup 3 times a day before meals for gastroenteritis.
• Take 20 g of dry peels or 50 g of fresh pomegranate with seeds, boil over low heat for 30 minutes in 200 ml of water. Strain thoroughly. Drink 2 tablespoons of the prepared broth 2 times a day. Pomegranate decoction- Very effective remedy for the treatment of allergic colitis and enterocolitis.
• The fruit of gray alder, the rhizome of cinquefoil erect, the root of stinging nettle - equally. Leave 50 g of the mixture in 1 liter of cold water for 10–12 hours, boil for 10–12 minutes, strain. Drink a glass of hot infusion on an empty stomach, the rest during the day in 4 doses for chronic colitis.
• Potentilla rhizome, chamomile flowers, stinging nettle leaf, blueberry leaf, peppermint leaf - equally. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass of water, boil for 20–25 minutes, leave for 20 minutes, strain. Take a glass 2-3 times a day for colitis.
• Polish bittersweet leaf – 20 g, sage leaf – 20 g. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 25–30 minutes, strain. Take a tablespoon every 2 hours for colitis.

Diet for colitis.

For acute colitis, it is recommended to complete fasting for 1-2 days, after which gradually switch to a diet consisting of lightly processed or steamed vegetables, rice, oatmeal, as well as ripe fruits, cheese, boiled meat. Gradually add bread (but without bran) and raw vegetables without peel to the diet. The pain may intensify when taking coarse vegetable fiber (cabbage, peeled apples, black bread), whole milk, sour cream, fatty foods, dry wines and champagne. Avoid foods with spices, seasonings, herbs.
The diet should contain normal amount proteins; It is advisable to limit animal fats.
The diet provides for sparing the intestines, increasing the regenerative abilities of its mucous membrane, eliminating fermentative and putrefactive processes, as well as metabolic disorders.

See also Diarrhea, Gastritis, Enterocolitis.

Vanga's recipes for colitis

• Twice a day take the whey, which is obtained by squeezing the cheese. Fatty foods should be avoided.
• Brew a glass of boiling water with centaury and chamomile (one teaspoon each). Drink one tablespoon every 2 hours, approximately 7 - 8 times a day. After some time (usually from one to three months), the dose is reduced, and the intervals between doses of the medication are extended. This medicine is considered harmless, and therefore can be treated for a long time.
• Eat a little kernels between meals for 3 to 4 months. walnuts(70 g per day). Instead of water, it is advisable to use a decoction of comfrey root, galangal and flaxseed. Improvement occurs within a month, and after 4 months - recovery.
• For acute colitis, starch microenemas are recommended: dilute 5 g of starch (potato, corn, rice) in 100 ml cool water and, stirring, gradually add 100 ml of boiling water. Then cool to 40 degrees and insert into the rectum.
• Microenemas made from chamomile with honey have a good effect on colitis. Brew 1 tablespoon of chamomile flowers with a glass of boiling water, after cooling, add 1 teaspoon of honey. Use 30 - 50 ml of solution. Course – 8 procedures.
• Drink one teaspoon of onion juice 3-4 times a day before meals.
• Decoction of bergenia roots and rhizomes: pour one tablespoon of crushed bergenia roots and rhizomes into one glass of boiling water, boil for half an hour in a water bath, strain. Drink two tablespoons 3-4 times a day.
• Decoction of centaury, sage and chamomile: mix one teaspoon each of centaury, sage and chamomile, brew this mixture with one glass of water. Cover, cool and strain. For exacerbation of colitis, take one tablespoon 5-7 times a day.
• Infusion of anise, fennel, licorice and buckthorn: mix 10 grams of anise fruit, 10 grams of fennel fruit, 20 grams of licorice root, 60 grams of buckthorn root. Pour one tablespoon of this mixture into one glass of boiling water. Leave for half an hour, strain. Drink a full glass morning and evening.
• Infusion different herbs: mix chamomile flowers, fennel fruits, caraway fruits, gray alder fruits, peppermint herb, marshmallow root, St. John's wort herb, large plantain leaf, sandy immortelle flowers, leaves and fruits of Cassia aculifolia, taken in equal quantities. Pour one teaspoon of this mixture into one glass of water, boil, and leave for two hours. Take 0.5 cups three times a day before meals. Use for the treatment of chronic spastic colitis.
• Tea from viburnum berries: pour one tablespoon of viburnum berries with one glass of boiling water, leave, strain. Take one quarter glass four times a day half an hour before meals for colitis and enterocolitis.

Ulcerative colitis - chronic inflammation colon, the causes of which are unknown.

IN last years Ulcerative colitis (UC) is being actively studied, since the incidence of the pathology is growing throughout the world, and the still unknown exact causes of the disease do not allow it to be effectively treated.

Possible causes include the genetic theory of the development of the disease, immunity disorders associated with its decrease and autoimmune processes, infections, hormonal disorders, psycho-emotional factors. None of the theories has any reliable confirmation at present.

Ulcerative colitis always begins with inflammation in the rectum. In a third of patients, the lesion does not spread further. But in 70%, the inflammation travels up the colon, causing lesions in the sigmoid colon in 50% of cases and reaching the descending colon in 20%.

The disease is chronic and has a wave-like course: periods of exacerbations alternate with remissions. The duration of the remission period can reach several years.

Ulcerative colitis in the acute stage is accompanied by a number of pathological changes in the affected area of ​​the colon: the mucous membrane thickens, the wall is infiltrated with lymphocytes and leukocytes. The blood supply to the wall of the colon and rectum is disrupted, resulting in the formation of foci of ischemia and necrosis, in place of which ulcerations of the mucous membrane appear, hence the name: ulcerative colitis.

The main function of the large intestine is the reabsorption of fluid, vitamins, glucose, amino acids and the formation of feces. The affected areas of the colon cannot perform their function fully, resulting in digestive function up to a third of the large intestine is lost. Diarrhea develops (frequent loose stools).

Since the walls of the rectum have ulcerative lesions, diarrhea is accompanied by an admixture of streaks of scarlet blood, mucus and pus; often during a severe exacerbation the bleeding is severe. Against the background of a nonspecific inflammatory process, body temperature rises.

Characteristic symptoms for the acute stage are pain in lower parts abdomen, when the sigmoid colon is affected, it is left-sided. The pain may be constant nagging or cramping, accompanied by false urges to defecation.

The severity of the exacerbation and the positive dynamics of the treatment are assessed by the nature and frequency of stool, the height of the fever. An aggravating factor is bleeding.

During the remission stage, the disease has minimal manifestations and symptoms or no symptoms at all. The duration of remission can reach several years. The quality of life remains satisfactory.

Currently, the disease is classified according to different criteria.

Classification according to the variant of the disease:

1. Acute ulcerative colitis.
2. Chronic relapsing ulcerative colitis:
   • exacerbation;
   • subsiding exacerbation;
   • remission.

Clinical course:

• rapidly progressing;
• continuously relapsing;
• recurrent;
• latent.

Anatomical classification (according to the prevalence of the process in the intestine):

• proctitis (direct);
• proctosigmoiditis (in the rectum and sigmoid);
• subtotal colitis (straight, sigmoid and left-sided colon);
• total colitis (straight, sigmoid and all parts of the colon).

Classification by severity:

• light;
• moderate severity;
• heavy.

Complications of the disease

Local complications:

• Intestinal bleeding occurs if the necrosis zone affects a large vessel.
• Toxic dilatation and perforation of the colon. As a rule, this complication develops in the colon. Due to impaired peristalsis, the passage of gases stops, which swell the intestine, stretching its walls (intestinal dilatation). Under the influence of gas pressure, ulcerated intestinal tissue can rupture (perforation), the contents enter the abdominal cavity, causing symptoms of peritonitis.
• Intestinal stenosis. At the site of ulcerative lesions, a connective tissue– scars. Scar changes are not elastic and are not able to stretch, they deform and narrow the intestinal lumen, and the stool is disrupted (constipation and obstruction).
• Pseudopolyposis. The mucous membrane remaining between areas of ulceration and scar tissue forms protrusions into the intestinal lumen, similar to multiple polyps. For true polyps, localization in the distal parts of the colon is not typical.
• Secondary infection. The affected mucous membrane of the colon is not able to resist the aggression of pathogenic microflora, joining secondary infection aggravates the symptoms of exacerbation, diarrhea intensifies.
• Complete metaplasia of the mucous membrane. The prevalence of ulcerative lesions with transformation into scar tissue can lead to the complete disappearance of the normal mucous membrane.
• Malignization. Against the background of long-term destructive processes, the mucous membrane may undergo cancerous degeneration with the development malignant tumors colon and rectum, causing a threat to the patient's life.

• Symptoms iron deficiency anemia develop against the background chronic bleeding and impaired absorption of vitamins in the affected intestine.
• Skin lesions. Symptoms of complications are associated with impaired nutrition of the skin, due to insufficient absorption of nutrients in the large intestine during the period of exacerbation of the disease.
• Autoimmune processes: damage to the kidneys, joints, liver, epithelial wall of the biliary tract, iris. These symptoms develop in connection with complex pathological processes immune system in response to inflammation in the intestines. Possible reasons may involve damage to the intestinal lymphoid tissue, which plays an important role in the body’s immune response.
• Functional hypocortisolism. Ulcerative colitis causes a decrease in the functioning of the adrenal cortex; the mechanism for the development of this effect is not fully understood.
• Sepsis. The addition of a secondary infection, against the background of a perverted immune response, can lead to generalization of the infectious process, and symptoms of sepsis develop.

The clinical picture of the disease in most cases does not cause diagnostic difficulties: bloody stools, fever, left-sided abdominal pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by changes in general analysis blood, as well as endoscopic methods diagnostics (colonoscopy with biopsy of colon tissue).

There is currently no way to completely cure ulcerative colitis. But existing methods allow you to treat the disease, achieving stable remission, preventing the development of complications, which significantly improves the quality of life.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis of the intestine is carried out with three groups of drugs:

1. 5-aminobutyric acid group(Sulfasalazine, Salofalk, Mesalozine). Drugs in this group have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. They are prescribed in the acute stage, the duration of the course of treatment is long, after achieving remission the drug is used in maintenance doses for many months and even years.
2. Hormonal drugs (corticosteroids) allow the treatment of more severe exacerbations that cannot be controlled by 5-aminobutyric acid derivatives.
3. Cytostatic drugs(Metatrexate, Azathioprine, Cyclosporine). Due to pronounced side effects are a reserve group. Cytostatics make it possible to treat persistent exacerbations that cannot be controlled with corticosteroids.

The latest research has proven its effectiveness monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but such treatment has not yet been included in standard treatment regimens.

Subtotal and total colitis, severe course with complications often requires surgical treatment with removal of the affected part of the intestine.

Considering the threat to life if complications of the disease develop, you should not try to treat the disease yourself, since failure to consult a doctor in a timely manner and not prescribed treatment in a timely manner can lead to worsening of the disease and, as a result, surgical treatment.

Often, surgical treatment of UC is performed with the formation of a temporary colostomy, which significantly reduces the patient’s quality of life. Medicines, used in the treatment of UC, having a powerful therapeutic effect, have serious contraindications.

Diseases with which it is necessary to differentiate ulcerative colitis

During the first exacerbation, the symptoms of the disease may be mistaken for dysentery or salmonellosis. Symptoms common to these diseases: increased body temperature, pain in the left half of the abdomen, diarrhea, bleeding. Install correct diagnosis allows bacteriological examination stool, as well as colonoscopy.
However, it is worth considering that the standards for diagnosing dysentery and salmonellosis do not include colonoscopy, so the patient often ends up in infectious diseases department, where ulcerative colitis can be suspected in the absence of pronounced effect from treatment. Also, with salmonellosis, unlike dysentery and ulcerative colitis, blood in the stool appears after about ten days. Loose stools also differ in their characteristics.

This disease is also nonspecific inflammatory disease intestines, unlike ulcerative colitis, the process can spread to the distal parts small intestine and affect the entire large intestine.

The clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are very similar (fever, frequent loose stools with blood) and an accurate diagnosis can often only be made by a biopsy after bowel resection. This is due to the fact that during an endoscopic biopsy, only the mucous layer is taken for analysis, the pathological processes in which are similar in both diseases. The difference between Crohn's disease is that pathological changes cover all layers of the intestinal wall, whereas in ulcerative colitis only the mucous membrane is affected.

When intestinal pathologies occur, patients begin to experience very unpleasant symptoms that significantly worsen the quality of life. Ulcerative colitis is considered one of the most common pathological conditions.

Definition and code according to ICD-10

Ulcerative colitis is called chronic pathological condition, which affects the mucous tissues of the large intestine. The pathology is accompanied by hyperedema, inflammatory processes and ulcerative lesions.

The mucous membranes of the colon become inflamed, and ulcerative lesions and necrotic areas form on them.

The pathology occurs in patients of any age, but ulcerative type colitis is most typical for patients 20-40 years old age groups, as well as for persons over 55.

Statistics show that the disease is more common in women (30%) than in men. Moreover, urban residents are more prone to the disease than rural residents.

A synonym for ulcerative colitis is purulent hemorrhagic rectocolitis. In the classification of diseases, ulcerative colitis is assigned code K51.

Can ulcerative colitis be cured?

When a gastroenterologist diagnoses a patient with ulcerative colitis, everyone is worried about only one problem - whether this pathology can be cured and how this can be done.

After all, ulcerative colitis belongs to the category that, as a rule, cannot be completely cured. Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of such a disease forever, but it can be controlled.

In order to prolong remission as much as possible and minimize exacerbations, it is necessary to strictly follow medical prescriptions, diet therapy, take prescribed medications, etc.

The right approach will help avoid exacerbations and improve the quality of life of a patient with such an unpleasant chronic disease.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease depends on the specific pathological form, but all types of ulcerative colitis are accompanied by rectal bleeding, painful sensations in the stomach and diarrhea.

The remaining symptoms are determined by the localization and extent of ulcerative lesions, as well as the severity of the pathological process.

In general, the following manifestations may be present:

• Tides;
• Purulent or bloody impurities in the stool;
• Diarrhea;
• Convulsive contractions in pelvic organs and stomach;
• Swelling and soreness of joint tissues;
• Rapid weight loss;
• A feeling of gurgling in the intestinal tissues;
• Nausea and vomiting syndrome;
• Ulcerative formations on the skin and tongue.

The pathology usually begins latently, but develops rapidly, so it begins to manifest itself very quickly.

Causes

Experts find it difficult to name exactly the reasons that provoke the development of ulcerative colitis, but there are a number of assumptions according to which bacterial or viral agents, autoimmune disorders (when there is sensitization of immune structures to their own cells), etc., play a role in the development of the ulcerative intestinal process.

It was also possible to establish that the disease may be caused by a genetic predisposition. Scientists have discovered a number of genes that may be responsible for a hereditary predisposition to such a peptic ulcer disease.

Classification

Ulcerative colitis can vary in the extent of the pathological process or its location.

Picture (photo) of types of ulcerative colitis

With left-sided colitis, the tissues of the sigmoid and descending colon are affected, with proctitis, inflammation in the rectal tissues is characteristic, and with the total form of colitis, the entire intestine is affected.

Spicy

The third disability group can be assigned to those patients when intestinal processes characterize the distal form. Such a course of the ulcerative process makes it impossible for the patient to find employment.

Prevention

Essential preventive measures to avoid likely consequences, has not been developed because the exact reasons are not known. Therefore, it is quite difficult to prevent complications. Yes and special program doesn't exist for that.

Video about nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the intestine: