Glutamic acid - official* instructions for use. Glutamic acid - instructions, use, reviews

Glutamic acid looks like crystals white or colorless, with a sour taste. In nature, it is found in blood plasma, as part of proteins. It is obtained through microbiological synthesis. Among the main properties of the substance are insolubility in ether and ethanol, and poor solubility in water.

Back in 1866, glutamic acid was first mentioned. Then the German chemist Rithausen isolated it from the breakdown products of wheat protein. After some time, doctors and physiologists showed active interest in the substance.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Japanese scientists were puzzled by the question of why food with dried kelp and soy sauce became so much tastier. As a result, it was found that these products contained glutamic acid, which enriches the taste. It is capable of being produced naturally in the tissues of living beings through the decomposition of proteins. In 1909, one of the aforementioned Japanese scientists received a patent for the production of food additives. The acid quickly conquered markets around the world.

Glutamic acid in the body

Glutamic acid is present in free form and as part of proteins and low molecular weight substances in the human body. It is found in significant quantities in raw and white proteins. medulla, in blood plasma.

It is a stimulator of oxidation and reduction processes in the brain, plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism, normalizes metabolic processes, increases resistance to hypoxia. For some fabrics human body the substance is irreplaceable.

Performs the following functions in the body:

synthesis of nucleic acids;
biosynthesis of carbohydrates;
amino acid synthesis;
removal of ammonia and its neutralization;
oxidative processes of brain cells;
neurotransmitter function;
serotonin synthesis;
increasing the permeability of muscle tissue for potassium ions;
enzyme synthesis.

The daily human need for acid is 16 grams.

Glutamic acid in medicine

Glutamic acid improves brain metabolism, plays the role of mediators, stimulates the process of oxidation and reduction in the brain, protein metabolism. In addition, the substance normalizes metabolic processes, while changing the functional state of the endocrine and nervous systems.

It is indicated as part of complex therapy for schizophrenia, epilepsy, psychosis, reactive depressive states, insomnia, mental exhaustion, depression, delay mental development, progressive myopathy, consequences of encephalitis, meningitis, consequences of childbirth intracranial injury, children's cerebral palsy, Down's disease, etc.

Glutamic acid in industry

Glutamic acid has found its application in production food products. This is a real philosopher's stone in this area, only it turns second-class products into gold. Thanks to these crystals, you can save on seafood, meat, mushrooms and other natural ingredients. Why use real garlic and onions when you can add glutamic acid?

In order to obtain a rich taste of meat, which is identical to natural, there is no longer any need to add the meat itself. A grain of a food additive – and great taste is guaranteed! Judging by the reviews, glutamic acid causes increased appetite and addiction. But you can’t say anything about its usefulness. She has such unique property enhancing the taste of any product to which it is added. This is what makes dubious products so incredibly tasty: crab sticks, sausage, canned food, dumplings. The additive has found its application in semi-finished products, ready-made meals, and instant foods.

In addition, the substance is used in pharmacy and cosmetology.

Glutamic acid and sports

Judging by the reviews, glutamic acid has a protective effect on muscle cells. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that an increase in cell volume and fluid retention provides the basis for muscle building.

Judging by scientific reviews, glutamic acid has a moderate anabolic effect, which was found out during research, and also allows you to increase the energy potential of the cell and cellular volume. It is also possible to increase the rate of accumulation of glucose in cells.

In nature, the substance is found in many products. So, among plant sources You can highlight parsley, spinach, beans, beets, tomatoes, cabbage, and among animals - beef, fish, eggs, dairy products.

In sports, the product can be used in capsules and powder form. Many doctors advise taking the drug in capsules due to the poor preservation of the substance in powder form, especially in high humidity conditions. In addition, when taking the powder, the intestines absorb and retain more than 50% of the substance, but it does not enter the blood.

In sports, it is advisable to take glutamic acid in mixtures of amino acids.

The effect of glutamic acid on the body

Due to the consumption of products with this food additive Some people develop Chinese restaurant syndrome. This condition is manifested by rapid heartbeat, general weakness, loss of sensitivity in the neck and back, numbness. Such symptoms are provoked by abuse of the supplement. According to the norms daily dose acids in maximum quantity should not exceed 120 mg per kilogram of human weight.

International nonproprietary name:

glutamic acid.

Dosage form:

Enteric-coated tablets.

Description
Round, biconvex, enteric-coated tablets, white or white with a barely visible yellowish tint colors.

Compound
Each tablet contains:
glutamic acid (L-Glutamic acid) - 250 mg.
Excipients: potato starch, talc, calcium stearate, gelatin, acetyl phthalyl cellulose (cellacephate).

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Nootropic drug.

ATX code:[A16AA].

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
A drug that regulates metabolic processes in the central nervous system; has a nootropic, detoxifying, ammonia-binding effect. A non-essential amino acid that plays the role of a neurotransmitter with high metabolic activity in the brain, stimulates redox processes in the brain and protein metabolism. Normalizes metabolism, changing the functional state of the nervous and endocrine systems. Stimulates the transmission of excitation in the synapses of the central nervous system; binds and removes ammonia. -It is one of the components of myofibrils, participates in the synthesis of other amino acids, acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate, urea, promotes the transfer and maintenance of the required concentration of potassium ions in the brain, prevents a decrease in the redox potential, increases the body’s resistance to hypoxia, serves as a link between carbohydrate metabolism and nucleic acids, normalizes the content of glycolysis indicators in the blood and tissues; has a hepatoprotective effect, inhibits secretory function stomach.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption is high. Penetrates well through histohematic barriers (including the blood-brain barrier), cell membranes and membranes of subcellular formations. Accumulates in muscle and nervous tissues, liver and kidneys. Excreted by the kidneys - 4-7% unchanged.

Indications for use
In adults, glutamic acid is prescribed in complex therapy for the treatment of epilepsy, mainly petit mal seizures with equivalents; somatogenic, involutional, intoxication psychoses, reactive states with symptoms of depression, exhaustion.

In complex therapy for mental retardation in children, Down's disease, cerebral palsy; polio (acute and recovery periods); for progressive myopathy (in combination with pachycarpine hydroiodide or glycine): to eliminate and prevent neurotoxic effects caused by drugs derived from isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, febrile syndrome, liver and/or renal failure, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, anemia, leukopenia, increased excitability, rapidly occurring psychotic reactions, nephrotic syndrome, suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis, obesity, childhood up to 3 years.

Pregnancy and lactation
Adequate and controlled clinical trials The safety of the drug during pregnancy has not been studied. Use is indicated only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

During the treatment period, it is necessary to decide whether to stop breastfeeding.

Directions for use and doses
The drug is prescribed orally 15-20 minutes before meals.
Adults take a single dose of 1 g 2-3 times a day.
Children aged 3-4 years - 0.25 g, 5-6 years - 0.5 g, 7-9 years - 0.5-1 g, aged 10 years and older - 1 g 2-3 times a day day.
The course of treatment is from 1-2 to 6-12 months.

Side effect
Allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and increased excitability are possible.
At long-term use- a decrease in hemoglobin levels and the development of leukopenia, irritation of the oral mucosa, cracks in the lips.

Overdose
An overdose of Glutamic acid may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. First aid consists of gastric lavage and taking activated charcoal. If necessary, symptomatic therapy.

Interaction with other drugs
In combination with thiamine and pyridoxine, the drug is used to prevent and treat neurotoxic phenomena caused by drugs of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide group (isoniazid, ftivazide, etc.). For myopathy and muscular dystrophy, the drug is more effective in combination with pachycarpine hydroiodide or glycine.

special instructions
During the treatment period it is necessary to regularly carry out general clinical tests blood and urine.
During development dyspeptic phenomena The drug is taken during or after meals.

Release form
Enteric-coated tablets, 250 mg. 10 tablets per blister pack.

2 or 4 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.

Blister packaging is allowed along with equal amount instructions for use should be placed in corrugated cardboard boxes.

Storage conditions
In a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date
3 years.
Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.

Vacation conditions
Over the counter.

Manufacturer/Organization accepting complaints
OJSC "Tatkhimfarmpreparaty", Russia, 420091 Kazan, st. Belomorskaya, 260

Glutamic acid is organic compound, which is part of plant and animal proteins. It participates in the processes of nitrogen metabolism and plays an important role in ensuring the vital functions of the body.

For athletes and bodybuilders, glutamic acid is a component of performance, immunity and psychological stability.

The body is able to produce it itself and obtain it from food, but people whose lives are associated with high stress take acid in the form of drugs or dietary supplements.

Principle of operation

connects toxic ammonia and promotes its removal from the body, which improves performance;
increases the rate of decomposition of lactic acid;
improves blood flow and also strengthens the heart muscle with the help of potassium ions;
allows you to recover faster after exercise;
promotes the accumulation of carnosine and anserine - antioxidants that strengthen the immune system.

Due to a lack of glutamic acid, the body begins to synthesize it on its own - this consumes significant internal resources, and the body becomes weaker.

To avoid health problems, to an ordinary person consume enough more products, rich in this substance. Athletes have a higher need, so they take dietary supplements.

Differences from glutamine

When answering the question of what is the difference between glutamic acid and glutamic acid, it is important to understand that both elements are amino acids, but they work differently. Sometimes the acid is called “glutamic”, which is incorrect, since glutamine is an independent element with properties and effects on the body that are different from glutamine.

Gives energy to the brain and has a nootropic effect. It supports the activity of the central nervous system, increases the body’s resistance to overload and performs other functions. useful features, but does not have a direct effect on muscle volume.

Glutamine it has a greater impact on the quality of protein metabolism and nitrogen balance - which is why it is used in bodybuilding and strength sports. Glutamine in special sports dietary supplements is taken specifically for muscle growth.

The daily requirement for glutamine for an adult is about 15 g per day, and for those who seriously engage in sports it is even higher. To get the required volume of an element, or at least a large proportion of it, with food, you need.

3 animal products with the highest glutamic acid content:

whey (dry powder) – 7.19 g;
hard cheese (parmesan, cheddar and others) – 4.2-6.43 g;
beef – 5.1 g.

3 herbal product With high content glutamic acid:

soybean – 7.79 g;
almond– 6.22 g;
sunflower seeds – 5.59 g.

The amino acid is found in abundance in: its highest concentration is in fermented milk products, meat and fish.

Glutamine is also eaten in the form of monosodium glutamate, which is used in food production. It is better known as E-620.

Types and forms of release

Glutamic acid can be purchased at the pharmacy. It is sold without a prescription and comes in the form of:

powder;
capsules;
tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g;
1% solution for injection in 10 ml ampoules.

Athletes most often use powder or capsules: when choosing the latter, it is worth considering that there are options with different contents of the active substance, so you need to read the instructions.

Compatibility

Glutamic acid in combination with other drugs successfully relieves drug-induced neurotoxicosis, and also treats myopathy and muscle dystrophy. As for its incompatibility with any medications, there is no reliable information on this matter. The substance is sold both in single-component form and in combination with other additives - this provides a complex effect.

How to use

Like any amino acid, glutamine affects many systems of the body, so there is a universal answer to the question of how to take it: in doses and according to a schedule, taking into account sports tasks and the characteristics of the body. It is best to coordinate your consumption of the substance with a nutritionist and trainer.

Experts advise taking into account that:

to compensate for excessive loss of protein, it is better to take the amino acid in between meals, and for - along with food;
best lutamic acid is absorbed when it enters the body half an hour before lunch, breakfast or dinner.

When receiving glutamine as part of complex preparations, it is important to understand the effects of other components - before taking it, you will have to agree on the dosage with a sports nutrition specialist.

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications to taking medications are:

Taking glutamine may cause side effects as:

allergies;
digestive disorders;
abdominal pain;
abnormally high excitability.

Long-term use can cause irritation of the oral mucosa and the appearance of cracks on the lips. If these signs are present, you should stop taking the drug and contact the specialist who prescribed it.

Symptoms of an overdose resemble side effects - gastric lavage and activated charcoal are recommended as first aid.

Reception for weight loss

Glutamic acid for weight loss is effective if a person takes it regularly and actively. The dietary supplement increases endurance and stimulates the release of waste substances from the body, minimizing the risk of overload - this allows the athlete to spend more time, due to which body weight decreases.

Regarding the use of glutamic acid for weight gain, its role is in stimulating blood circulation and maintaining normal operation internal organs. In combination with regular sports training and with appropriate nutrition, the substance helps to increase muscle volume.

Glutamic acid increases the body's energy potential and promotes growth muscle mass. In sports, this substance is one of the main components for achieving high results.

Glutamic acid is a nootropic drug prescribed for depression and psychotic disorders inorganic nature. The nootropic is available from pharmacies without a prescription, but taking it without the recommendation of your doctor can be dangerous. The drug has contraindications and side effects may occur. The instructions for using glutamic acid will help you learn more about this.

The nootropic drug allows you to regulate metabolic processes occurring in the nervous system. Works as a neurotransmitter for the brain, stimulating the restoration of protein metabolism, being a link in carbohydrate-acid metabolism. In addition, it protects the liver and increases resistance to hypoxia, but can negatively affect gastrointestinal system. It tends to accumulate in tissues, liver, and kidneys. Only 4-7% is excreted in urine, mostly chemical components substances are absorbed by the body and take an active part in metabolic processes.

The medication is prescribed in the following cases:

Epilepsy.
Mental disorders caused by brain damage.
Non-organic psychotic disorders.
Depressive episodes, including unspecified episodes.
Reactive states with depressive episodes.
Recurrent depression.
Mental retardation.
Down syndrome.
Cerebral palsy.
Poliomyelitis (both in acute and recovery periods of the disease).
Elimination of neurotoxic effects.
Intoxication psychoses.

Glutamic acid is not usually prescribed as independent drug. It is necessary for complex therapy.

It can be prescribed to both adult patients and children with mental development disorders (retardation, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and other diseases).

Release forms

Glutamic acid is available in tablets. They are biconvex, covered with a membrane that dissolves after ingestion. The color of the tablets is white or with a yellowish tint. The composition of the drug includes:

Glutamic acid (in one tablet 250 mg).
Starch.
Talc.
Gelatin.
Cellulose.

The tablets are packaged in plastic blisters, 10 pieces each. One cardboard package contains 4 blisters and detailed instructions. It is possible to dispense in separate blisters with paper instructions attached to each.

A suspension can be used to treat children with developmental problems. Glutamic acid is available on sale in the form of capsules with a suspension for oral administration.

The drug is a nootropic drug and should be stored at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees in places where children do not have access. The shelf life is three years; you cannot take the nootropic after that. Available from pharmacies without a prescription.

Instructions for use

Glutamic acid is used in complex therapy mental illness and developmental delays. The tablets are taken 15-20 minutes before meals. Average rate Treatment lasts from 1 to 12 months, depending on the reason for prescribing the drug. If no changes are noted during the prescribed course (or even deterioration is noted), the doctor should reconsider the therapeutic regimen. Throughout therapy, patients periodically undergo general tests blood and urine.

In different therapeutic regimens acid combines with:

thiamine;
pyridoxine;
pachycarpine hydroiodide;
glycine.

Self-appointment is prohibited. A specialist approves the regimen and dosage. The instructions for use indicate approximate doses and recommendations.

You will receive exact treatment instructions from your doctor. They may differ significantly from the instructions depending on concomitant medications, the use of other medications, fever and diseases of the internal systems.

Contraindications

The leaflet for the drug indicates a number of contraindications, in the presence of which use is prohibited. These contraindications include:

Liver failure.
Kidney failure.
Stomach ulcer.
Duodenal ulcer.
Feverish conditions.
Anemia.
Obesity.
Depressed hematopoiesis bone marrow.
Age up to 3 years.

In the presence of these contraindications, the use of the drug is absolutely prohibited. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation in women (during treatment breast-feeding will need to stop completely).

Can only be used in cases where potential positive effects outweigh from therapy possible harm, applied to the organisms of mother and child.

Dosage

The exact dosage will depend on the condition for which glutamic acid tablets were prescribed. Approximate single doses:

3-4 years: 250 mg.
5-6 years: 400 mg.
from 7 years and older: 1 year.

The drug is taken before meals (15-20 minutes) 2-3 times a day. IN in some cases used during meals, but since it refers to special instructions, the attending physician will definitely inform you.

Side effects

The following side effects may occur when consuming glutamic acid:

Nausea.
Vomit.
Diarrhea.
Painful sensations in the abdominal area.
Increased nervous excitability.
Decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood.
Leukopenia.
Irritation of the oral mucosa.
Dry lips, cracks.
Allergy to components of the drug.

"Mild" side effects are noted in short time from the start of treatment. Leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin and irritation of the mucous membrane occur during a long therapeutic course.

Appearance side effects from the drug does not always become a significant reason for discontinuation and revision of the therapeutic regimen.

You cannot refuse to take medications on your own; this decision should be made exclusively by the attending physician.

Price

Glutamic acid is cheap. A blister of ten tablets can be purchased for 25-30 rubles. But there are also much more expensive options: in different pharmacies the cost per package can reach up to 200 rubles. It is easy to find the product in online and offline pharmacies; it is almost always on sale.

Analogs

Glutamic acid has drugs with similar effects, which in some cases can be used to replace it (as prescribed). Among them:

Glycine. Improves brain activity, is prescribed when depressive episodes And nervous disorders. The active ingredient in the composition is glycine. One package costs around 30 rubles and is available without a prescription.
Cortexin. Normalizes blood circulation in the brain, has nootropic and neuroprotective effects. Cortexin is the active ingredient of the composition. But the drug costs a lot more expensive than analogues, one package will cost 650-700 rubles.
Cytoflavin. A nootropic that improves metabolism in the brain. Complex drug With succinic acid, riboxin, nicotinamide and riboflavin in the composition. Prices vary across different pharmacies, the cost of a package ranges from 400-100 rubles.

Cheap analogues of glutamic acid are rare; only drugs with the same active substance in the composition (but different trade name) and Glycine. Other analogs are much more expensive. But it is worth remembering that any nootropic drugs must be prescribed by a specialist, despite the fact that they are dispensed from a pharmacy without a prescription.

Overdose

An overdose may occur during treatment with glutamic acid. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

Stomach ache.
Nausea.
Vomit.

In case of overdose, severe poisoning of the body occurs. Therefore, the patient’s first aid should be gastric lavage. To do this you will need to drink a lot of water or do enemas. After gastric lavage, the patient takes Activated carbon or other enterosorbents that do not allow hazardous substances absorbed into the intestinal walls. At severe poisoning You must definitely call a doctor. And stop treatment (until appropriate instructions).

Glutamic acid is a nootropic and detoxifying agent that affects protein metabolism, as well as brain metabolism. Available in the form of granules for preparing a solution for internal reception and enteric-coated tablets.

Pharmacological action of Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid is a drug from the group nonessential amino acids. It can be synthesized by the human body. Its synthesis takes place in the kidneys, liver, lungs and brain. In order for the glutamine molecule to be formulated, two other amino acids must be present: isoleucine and valine.

This drug takes an active part in the regulation of metabolic processes in the central nervous system and helps bind ammonia. Glutamic acid is also an amino acid that plays the role of a neurotransmitter that has high metabolic activity in the brain. It stimulates all redox processes and the metabolism of brain proteins, normalizes the metabolic process by changing functional state endocrine and nervous systems.

The use of Glutamic acid affects the strength of the excitation process in the synapses of the central nervous system and removes excess ammonia. Active components The drug is contained in myofibrils and takes part in the synthesis of acetylcholine, other amino acids, adenosine triphosphate and urea. Taking the drug promotes the transfer and maintenance of calcium in the brain in the required concentration, stimulates the normalization of the redox potential. Glutamic acid increases the body's resistance to hypoxia, connects the metabolism of carbohydrates and nucleic acids, and normalizes the content of glycolysis in tissues and blood.

According to the instructions, Glutamic acid has a hepatoprotective effect on the body, inhibiting the ability of the stomach to secrete secretions.

Indications for use of Glutamic acid

The drug is recommended for use as part of complex therapy for epilepsy (presence of minor seizures with equivalents), psychoses (somatogenic, involutional, intoxication), schizophrenia, mental exhaustion, jet depressed state, the consequences of encephalitis and meningitis, insomnia, progressive myopathy and depression.

The instructions for Glutamic acid also indicate that the drug is useful in diagnosing mental retardation various etiologies, cerebral palsy, with the consequences of intracranial birth injuries, polio in any period, Down's disease.

The drug is indicated for use in the presence of symptoms of toxic neuropathy when taking isonicotinic acid hydrazines.

Directions for use and dosage

Glutamic acid is taken orally 1 g two to three times a day.

The dosage of the medicine for children depends on age:

Up to 1 year – 100 mg;
From 1 to 3 years – 150 mg;
3-4 years – 250 mg;
5-6 years – 400 mg;
7-9 years – 750 mg;
Over 10 years – 1 year.

For diagnosed oligophrenia – 150-200 mg. The course of treatment is from one to twelve months.

Glutamic acid should be taken 30 minutes before meals. When symptoms of dyspepsia develop - after or during meals.

Side effects of Glutamic acid

In reviews of Glutamic acid, there are reports that during or after taking the drug, the appearance of allergic reactions, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, pain in the intestines, as well as increased excitability. At long-term use medications possible anemia, irritation of the mucous membrane oral cavity, leukopenia, cracked lips, drop in hemoglobin content in the body.

Contraindications to the use of Glutamic acid

Therapy with the drug is prohibited in the presence of indicators such as febrile syndrome, peptic ulcer duodenum and stomach, kidney and liver failure, leukopenia, anemia, various psychotic reactions, depressed bone marrow hematopoiesis, obesity, nephrotic syndrome.

Overdose

Among the reviews of Glutamic acid there is no information about an overdose of the drug.

Conditions and shelf life

The medication should be stored in a dry, cool, dark place, out of reach of children, at an optimal temperature of no more than 25⁰C. The shelf life of Glutamic acid is 4 years from the date of release.

During therapy, it is necessary to conduct regular general clinical blood and urine tests.

Glutamic acid can also be used to reduce neurotoxic effects after taking other drugs.