A vein on the right side of the neck is swollen, what should I do? Persistent dilatation of the veins of the esophagus and jugular vein phlebectasia. Symptoms of jugular vein thrombosis

Phlebectasia is an anatomical term for the dilation of a vein. With pathology of the jugular veins, the vessels in the neck dilate. Usually this does not cause significant harm to health and is only a cosmetic defect. In severe cases of pathology, the blood supply to the brain is disrupted.

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Features of phlebectasis of the jugular vein

This is a congenital malformation that develops in approximately 1 in 10 thousand children. It begins to appear at the age of 2 - 5 years. When straining, coughing, or crying, there is a noticeable bulge in his neck. It is caused by the accumulation of blood and stretching of the weakened wall of the jugular vein. This weakening is associated with impaired development of the vein in the embryonic period.

1- internal; 2- external jugular veins; 3- common carotid artery

There are pathologies of the internal and external jugular (jugular) veins. Internal - a wide vessel that collects blood from the internal parts of the skull. The outer one is thinner, they pour into it venous vessels With outer surface heads. There is also an anterior vein, which is a collector for venous blood from the neck and sublingual area. All these vessels are paired; they flow into the subclavian veins.

All veins are equipped with developed valves that prevent blood from flowing in the opposite direction. This is possible when pressure in the chest cavity increases, when venous blood is normal in small quantity goes back to the head. When a child screams or cries, the neck veins or vessels on the surface of his head may swell. This happens symmetrically.

With congenital weakness of one of the valves, blood flows into the affected vein more intensely, and then with tension it is clear that its increase is much greater on one side. This symptom is the main sign of phlebectasia.

Reasons for changes in the right, left, and both veins

Phlebectasia is caused by weakness connective tissue its valves. The pathology can manifest itself in a child, but quite often it occurs in women during menopause and in the elderly. This is due to the intensification of processes of structure change under the influence of age or hormonal changes. In these cases, jugular phlebectasia may occur with equal probability on either side or even bilaterally.

Dilatation of both jugular veins- a sign of severe heart disease with insufficient functioning of the left ventricle. This can be observed in chronic lung diseases or severe heart defects, for example.

In addition to the anatomical weakness of the venous valves, the cause of the disease can be a tumor that compresses the overlying part of the vessel. In this case, it matters which side the lesion occurs on.:

right-handed jugular phlebectasia can be observed with significant magnification cervical lymph nodes on the right or soft tissue tumors in this area;
Accordingly, damage to the left jugular vein should alert doctors to any pathology lymphatic vessels left.

There is no list of diseases that cause phlebectasia. In each case, the doctor examines the patient individually, identifying all the features of his body.

Symptoms of the disease

The pathology occurs 3 times more often in boys than in girls. Often, simultaneously with the expansion of the vein, it is also present.

Outwardly, the pathology proceeds almost unnoticeably. Typically, patients consult a doctor between the ages of 8 and 15 years with complaints of a bulge on one side of the neck, which is caused by dilation of the external jugular vein. Initially, it manifests itself only as swelling on the side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck when it is tense.

Then, as it progresses, this formation increases with crying, straining and other conditions that increase pressure in the chest cavity and impede the normal venous flow of blood through the subclavian and superior vena cava to the heart.

Disruption of the normal outflow of blood from the tissues of the head is accompanied by the following clinical symptoms that first appear in childhood:

episodes;
sleep disturbance;
fast fatiguability;
poor performance at school;
nosebleeds of unknown origin;
feeling of suffocation, pressure on the neck;

The incidence of such symptoms ranges from 10 to 40% and forces the patient to consult a doctor. In other cases, if the disease is asymptomatic, a person may live his entire life and not know that he has such a vascular anomaly.

The larger the lumen of the expansion, the more often the patient is bothered by something. This is due to the volume of blood return and the development of venous stagnation in the tissues of the head.

Diagnostic methods

If you suspect jugular phlebectasia, you should contact a vascular surgeon who will conduct an appropriate angiological examination. To assess the severity of the process caused by impaired venous outflow, a consultation with a neurologist and ophthalmologist (fundus examination) is scheduled.

The screening method, that is, rapid preliminary diagnosis, is. It allows you to identify such signs:

location and structure of the formation, its size;
direction of blood flow, its nature (laminar, that is, linear, or turbulent, that is, swirling);
patency of veins, condition of their walls and valves.

Then the patient is prescribed the following research methods:

blood tests, urine tests;
x-ray examination of organs chest and cervical thoracic spine;
Ultrasound triplex scanning in B-mode;
Dopplerographic determination of linear and volumetric blood flow velocity through the veins;
X-ray contrast venography (filling the lumen of the vein with a substance that does not transmit x-rays);
computer and magnetic resonance imaging to accurately determine all characteristics of the lesion.

According to phlebography, 4 types of disease are distinguished:

limited circular expansion in combination with tortuosity of the vein;
limited circular expansion;
diffuse circular expansion;
lateral expansion, or .

Depending on the data obtained, the surgeon plans the type of operation.

Treatment of jugular vein phlebectasis

Phlebectasia is not only a cosmetic defect. It leads to disruption of the blood supply to the brain and disrupts its functions. In the future, this condition may progress. Therefore, it is best to have surgery at 7–10 years of age.

Types of surgical interventions:

circular resection (removal) of the extension;
longitudinal resection;
casing (strengthening the walls of the vessel) with a polymer mesh;
resection of the dilatation with angioplasty.

All these types of interventions are equally effective and allow you to finally restore normal blood flow. The operation is performed under general anesthesia and lasts about 2 hours. The recovery period is short. These tissues are well supplied with blood and heal quickly.

Possible complications

After surgery on the jugular veins, in the near future, 8 - 9% of patients experience stenosis or thrombosis of the vessel. Doctors are good at managing these complications. The use of modern medications can reduce the incidence of complications to a minimum.

There were no complications noted in the long-term postoperative period.

If surgery is necessary, refusing it will lead to adverse consequences.:

prolonged headaches;
inability to engage in intense physical activity;
poor performance at school;
increased severity of other symptoms;
increase in cosmetic defect in the neck area.

Rare, but the most dangerous complication is an injury or rupture of a dilated venous vessel. In this case, intense bleeding occurs, requiring emergency medical attention. This condition occurs with large (up to 10 cm or more) dilations.

Even the smallest phlebectasias serve as a source of improper blood flow, so over time they can thrombose. This is dangerous because a blood clot enters the heart, and through its right ventricle into the pulmonary circulatory system. The result is such a serious and often fatal condition as pulmonary embolism.

Is it possible to give birth with moderate phlebectasia?

During childbirth, the pressure in the chest cavity increases, which creates additional stress on the dilated vein. Therefore, the question of conducting birth process depends on the severity of phlebectasia.

A pregnant woman should consult a vascular surgeon.
You can give birth with this disease in any case. Depending on the severity of the pathology, natural childbirth, exclusion of the period of pushing, and anesthesia can be performed.

For particularly severe phlebectasis and other concomitant diseases Caesarean section is indicated.

The issue of childbirth tactics is decided for each woman individually. If she underwent surgery for this disease in childhood, there are no restrictions for normal birth No.

Prevention of development

Primary prevention for this disease has not been developed since it is congenital and its cause has not been established. Are given only general tips on bearing a child - healthy eating, good rest, taking multivitamins for pregnant women.

If a child has had surgery for this disease, he or she will undergo annual surgery thereafter to ensure normal recovery.

If no surgical intervention was performed, if the size of the defect is small, it may subsequently shrink or disappear on its own. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the neck muscles: massage and physical therapy are indicated. Situations that increase intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure should be avoided:

severe prolonged cough;
constant constipation;
lifting weights;
intense physical activity.

A carotid artery bulge or aneurysm may be congenital condition. It can also be left and right, internal and external, saccular or fusiform. Symptoms manifest themselves not only in the form of a lump, but also in poor health. Treatment is only surgery.

Due to a number of diseases, even due to stooping, subclavian thrombosis can develop. The reasons for its appearance in an artery or vein are very diverse. Symptoms include blueness and pain. The acute form requires immediate treatment.

The result of purulent-inflammatory processes can be thrombophlebitis of the veins of the face and neck. An unpleasant disease, which requires mandatory consultation with a doctor. However, thrombophlebitis of the facial veins can be prevented.

Thrombosis of cerebral sinuses or veins occurs meninges maybe spontaneously. Symptoms will help you seek timely help and treatment.

Jugular veins: anatomy, functions, possible pathology (ectasia, thrombosis, aneurysm)

Jugular veins (jugular, vena jugularis) - vascular trunks that carry blood from the head and neck to the subclavian vein. There are internal, external and anterior jugular veins, the internal one being the widest. These paired vessels are classified as the superior system.

The internal jugular vein (IJV, vena jugularis interna) is the widest vessel that carries out venous outflow from the head. Its maximum width is 20 mm, and the wall is thin, so the vessel easily collapses and just as easily expands under tension. There are valves in its lumen.

The IJV begins from the jugular foramen in the bony base of the skull and serves as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus. After leaving the jugular foramen, the vein expands to form the superior bulb, then descends to the level of the junction of the sternum and clavicle, located posterior to the muscle attached to the sternum, clavicle and mastoid process.

Being on the surface of the neck, the IJV is placed outside and behind the internal carotid artery, then moves slightly forward, localizing in front of the external carotid artery. From the larynx it passes in combination with vagus nerve and the common carotid artery in a wide receptacle, creating a powerful cervical bundle, where the IJV goes from the outside of the nerve, and the carotid artery from the inside.

Before uniting with the subclavian vein behind the junction of the sternum and clavicle, the IJV once again increases its diameter (inferior bulb), and then unites with the subclavian vein, where the brachiocephalic vein begins. In the zone lower extension and at its junction with the subclavian vein, the internal jugular vein contains valves.

The internal jugular vein receives blood from intra- and extracranial tributaries. Intracranial vessels carry blood from the cranial cavity, brain, eyes and ears. These include:

Sinuses of the dura mater;
Diploic veins of the skull;
Cerebral veins;
Meningeal veins;
Orbital and auditory.

The tributaries coming from the outside of the skull carry blood from the soft tissues of the head, the skin of the outer surface of the skull, and the face. The intra- and extracranial tributaries of the jugular vein are connected through emissaries that penetrate through the bony cranial foramina.

From the external tissues of the skull, temporal zone, and organs of the neck, blood enters the IJV through the facial and retromandibular veins, as well as vessels from the pharynx, tongue, larynx, thyroid gland. The deep and external tributaries of the IJV are combined into a dense multi-tiered network of the head, guaranteeing good venous outflow, but at the same time, these branches can serve as routes for the spread of the infectious process.

The external jugular vein (vena jugularis externa) has a narrower lumen than the internal one and is localized in the cervical tissue. It transports blood from the face, outer parts of the head and neck and is easily visible when straining (coughing, singing).

The external jugular vein begins behind the ear, or more precisely, behind the mandibular angle, then runs downward along the outer part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then crosses it below and behind, and above the clavicle flows together with the anterior jugular branch into the subclavian vein. The external jugular vein in the neck is equipped with two valves - in its initial section and approximately in the middle of the neck. The sources of its filling are considered to be veins coming from the back of the head, ear and suprascapular areas.

The anterior jugular vein is located slightly outside the midline of the neck and carries blood from the chin by fusion of subcutaneous vessels. The anterior vein is directed down the front of the mylohyoid muscle, just below - in front of the sternohyoid muscle. The connection of both anterior jugular veins can be traced above the upper edge of the sternum, where a powerful anastomosis is formed, called the jugular venous arch. Occasionally, two veins unite into one - the median vein of the neck. The venous arch on the right and left anastomoses with the external jugular veins.

Video: lecture on the anatomy of the veins of the head and neck

Jugular vein changes

The jugular veins are the main vessels that drain blood from the tissues of the head and brain. The external branch is visible subcutaneously on the neck and is accessible for palpation, so it is often used for medical procedures - for example.

In healthy people and small children, you can observe swelling of the jugular veins when screaming, straining, or crying, which is not a pathology, although mothers of babies often experience anxiety about this. Lesions of these vessels are more common in people of the older age group, but it is also possible congenital features development of venous lines, which become noticeable in early childhood.

Among the changes in the jugular veins are described:

Thrombosis;
Dilatation (dilatation of jugular veins, ectasia);
Inflammatory changes (phlebitis);
Congenital defects.

Jugular vein ectasia

Jugular vein ectasia is an enlargement of the vessel (dilatation), which can be diagnosed in both a child and an adult, regardless of gender. It is believed that such phlebectasia occurs when the vein valves are insufficient, which provokes an excessive amount of blood, or diseases of other organs and systems.

jugular vein ectasia

Predispose to jugular vein ectasia elderly age and female gender. In the first case, it appears as a result of a general weakening of the connective tissue basis of the vessels along with, in the second - against the background of hormonal changes. Possible causes of this condition also include long-term air travel associated with venous stagnation and disruption of normal hemodynamics, trauma, tumors that compress the lumen of the vein with expansion of its overlying sections.

It is almost impossible to see ectasia of the internal jugular vein due to its deep location, and the external branch is clearly visible under the skin of the anterolateral part of the neck. This phenomenon does not pose a danger to life; rather, it is a cosmetic defect, which may be a reason to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of phlebectasia The jugular vein is usually scanty. It may not exist at all, and the most that worries its owner is the aesthetic moment. With large ectasia, a feeling of discomfort in the neck may appear, which intensifies with tension and screaming. With significant expansion of the internal jugular vein, voice disturbances, pain in the neck and even difficulty breathing are possible.

Without posing a threat to life, phlebectasis of the cervical vessels does not require treatment. In order to eliminate a cosmetic defect, unilateral ligation of the vessel can be performed without subsequent disruption of hemodynamics, since the outflow of venous blood will be carried out by the vessels of the opposite side and collaterals.

Jugular vein thrombosis

This is a blockage of the lumen of a vessel with a blood clot that completely or partially disrupts the blood flow. Thrombosis is usually associated with the venous vessels of the lower extremities, but it is also possible in the jugular veins.

The causes of jugular vein thrombosis can be:

Disturbance of the blood coagulation system with hypercoagulation;
Medical manipulations;
Tumors;
Long-term immobilization after injuries, operations, due to severe violations nervous system and musculoskeletal system;
Injection of narcotic drugs into the jugular veins;
Taking medications (hormonal contraceptives);
Pathology internal organs, infectious processes (sepsis, severe heart failure, thrombocytosis and polycythemia, systemic diseases connective tissue), inflammatory processes ENT organs (otitis, sinusitis).

The most common causes of neck vein thrombosis are medical interventions, installation of catheters, oncological pathology. When the external or internal jugular vein is blocked, the venous outflow from the cerebral sinuses and structures of the head is disrupted, which manifests itself severe pain in the head and neck, especially when turning the head to the side, increased cervical venous pattern, tissue swelling, puffiness of the face. The pain sometimes radiates into the arm from the side of the affected vessel.

If the external jugular vein is blocked, you can palpate the area of compaction on the neck corresponding to its course; thrombosis of the internal jugular vein will be indicated by swelling, pain, and an increased venous pattern on the affected side, but it is impossible to palpate or see the thrombosed vessel.

Signs of neck vein thrombosis expressed in acute period diseases. As the thrombus thickens and blood flow is restored, the symptoms weaken, and the palpable formation becomes denser and slightly decreases in size.

Unilateral jugular vein thrombosis does not pose a threat to life, so it is usually treated conservatively. Surgeries in this area are performed extremely rarely, since the intervention carries a much greater risk than the presence of a blood clot.

The danger of damage to nearby structures, nerves, arteries forces one to abandon surgery in favor of conservative treatment, but occasionally operations are performed when the vein bulb is blocked, combined with. Surgical operations on the jugular veins tend to be performed using minimally invasive methods - endovascular thrombectomy, thrombolysis.

Drug elimination of neck vein thrombosis consists of prescribing analgesics, drugs that normalize rheological properties blood, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics (papaverine), broad-spectrum antibiotics at risk infectious complications or if the cause of thrombosis is, for example, purulent otitis media. Venotonics (detralex, troxevasin), anticoagulants in the acute phase of the pathology (heparin, fraxiparin) are indicated.

Thrombosis of the jugular veins can be combined with inflammation - phlebitis, which is observed with injuries to the tissues of the neck, violation of the technique of inserting venous catheters, and drug addiction. Thrombophlebitis more dangerous than thrombosis due to the risk of spread of the infectious process to the sinuses of the brain, sepsis cannot be ruled out.

The anatomy of the jugular veins predisposes them to their use for drug administration, so catheterization can be considered the most common cause of thrombosis and phlebitis. Pathology occurs when the catheter insertion technique is violated, it remains in the lumen of the vessel for too long, or careless administration of drugs, the penetration of which into soft tissues causes necrosis (calcium chloride).

Inflammatory changes - phlebitis and thrombophlebitis

thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein

Most common localization thrombophlebitis or phlebitis jugular vein is considered to be its bulb, and the most likely cause is purulent inflammation middle ear and mastoid tissue (mastoiditis). Infection of a blood clot can be complicated by the penetration of its fragments through the bloodstream into other internal organs with the development of a generalized septic process.

Thrombophlebitis Clinic comprises local symptoms- pain, swelling, as well as general signs of intoxication, if the process has become generalized (fever, tachy- or bradycardia, shortness of breath, hemorrhagic rash on the skin, impaired consciousness).

For thrombophlebitis, surgical interventions are performed aimed at removing the infected and inflamed vein wall along with thrombotic applications; for purulent otitis, the affected vessel is ligated.

Jugular vein aneurysm

Extremely rare pathology believe true jugular vein aneurysm, which can be detected in young children. This anomaly is considered one of the least studied in vascular surgery due to its low prevalence. For the same reason, they have not been developed differentiated approaches for the treatment of such aneurysms.

Jugular vein aneurysms are found in children 2-7 years old. It is assumed that the reason for everything is a violation of the development of the connective tissue base of the vein during intrauterine development. Clinically, an aneurysm may not manifest itself in any way, but in almost all children you can feel a rounded expansion in the area of the jugular vein, which becomes especially noticeable to the eye when crying, laughing or screaming.

Among aneurysm symptoms, complicating the outflow of blood from the skull, headaches, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and rapid fatigue of the child are possible.

In addition to purely venous ones, malformations of a mixed structure may appear, consisting of arteries and veins at the same time. Their common cause is trauma when a communication occurs between the carotid arteries and the IJV. Progressive with such aneurysms venous stasis, swelling of facial tissues, exophthalmos are a direct consequence of the discharge arterial blood, flowing under high pressure, into the lumen of the jugular vein.

For treatment of venous aneurysms Resection of the malformation is performed with the imposition of an anastomosis that discharges venous blood and vascular prosthetics. For traumatic aneurysms, observation is possible if surgery poses a greater risk than watchful waiting.

The greatest danger is phlebectasia of the left and/or right jugular vein, which are responsible for removing blood from the skull. The disease is quite rare, and when diagnosed Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to differentiating phlebectasia from other pathological conditions of the body.

Etiology of jugular vein phlebectasia

Mechanical damage to the neck (in particular, the cervical spine), skull, spine with direct trauma to the jugular vein or bruise/wound/other trauma to adjacent areas with subsequent development of the inflammatory process.
Violation of sanitary and hygienic standards regarding sterility medical equipment when installing catheters or intravenous/intramuscular injections.
The presence of inflammatory processes in tissues located in close proximity to the jugular vein. Most common reason development of the disease.
Penetration of drugs into the tissue surrounding the vessel. Most often, phlebectasia (expansion due to inflammation/irritation) can be observed when intramuscular injection calcium chloride. In the absence of progression, the pathology does not require therapeutic activities Regarding phlebectasia, it is enough to suppress inflammatory processes by neutralizing the irritating effect of drugs.
Venous congestion associated with trauma to the back or chest.
Prolonged stay in an unnatural or uncomfortable position, provoking a violation of the venous blood flow. Examples include: sedentary work, performing yogic asanas, adopting an unnatural body position due to pain syndrome against the background of acute osteochondrosis or another disease.
Disorders of the cardiovascular system associated with loss of elasticity and tone of blood vessels: hypertension, ischemic disease heart disease, heart failure and so on.
The presence of benign and malignant tumors that provoke compression of blood vessels.

Pathogenesis and course of the disease

In the presence of one or more of the above reasons, the development of one of the forms of phlebitis is provoked (phlebitis, aseptic phlebitis, periphlebitis, thrombophlebitis). All forms, except aseptic phlebitis, are caused by the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, the development of which is associated with provoking an inflammatory process or reducing the speed of blood flow.

Aseptic phlebitis is associated with the presence of irritants (usually drugs) inside the vein or in adjacent tissues. It is worth noting that aseptic phlebitis is sometimes caused deliberately with a disease such as varicose veins in order to expand the lumen of blood vessels.

Phlebitis, provoked by the action of pathogenic microorganisms, in most cases develops from periphlebitis, that is, inflammation of the tissues adjacent to the vessel. Phlebitis, caused by disruption of natural venous blood flow, is a prerequisite for the development of thrombophlebitis, that is, the formation of blood clots inside the jugular vein.

Symptoms of phlebectasis of the jugular vein

Symptoms of the development and course of the disease are general and specific. The latter is due to the form of phlebitis and is the main indicator of the presence of the disease and the reason for further diagnostic studies during the initial examination of the patient. General symptoms:

The presence of swelling in the area of the jugular vein.
Difficulties in implementation respiratory process. You may feel short of breath and lack of oxygen.
Hoarseness of voice.
Pain in the neck area.
Periodic increase in temperature to 38 - 39 degrees.

Specific symptoms depending on the form of phlebitis:

With periphlebitis, swelling of the jugular gutter is noted. Given the absence of blood flow disturbance, redness is extremely rare. During palpation, pain is possible at the site of inflammation; less often, pain is localized at the site of swelling. When pressed, a soft swelling is felt.
With standard and aseptic phlebitis there is pronounced edema in the area of the jugular vein. Redness is rare, but sensitivity increases. Palpation at the site of swelling provokes increased pain. When pressed, the elasticity and density of the swollen area is felt.
With thrombophlebitis, due to impaired blood flow, dense swelling is complemented by pronounced redness, hypersensitivity of the epidermis in the area where the pathology develops and pain with moderate pressure.

Diagnosis of jugular vein phlebectasis

When diagnosing and carrying out therapeutic measures, a specialist should focus on phlebitis as the main disease, considering ectasia as the most obvious symptom of the disease. Initial information The doctor receives information that allows him to make a decision about sending the patient for a specialized examination from the initial survey and examination of the prospective patient. To make a final diagnosis, one of the following can be used: following methods: duplex scanning, ultrasonography, MRI (recommended use contrast agents), phlebography. Upon confirmation of the diagnosis and/or suspicion of the presence oncological diseases need to schedule a puncture.

Treatment of jugular vein phlebectasia

In the absence of rapid development of pathology and the presence of complications in the form of ectasia against the background of standard phlebitis, aseptic phlebitis, periphlebitis, symptomatic conservative therapy is used. The drugs of choice are the following:

Anti-inflammatory drugs for local application: diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin.
General antihistamines: diphenhydramine, suprastin.
Antibiotic drugs (except aseptic phlebitis): amoxicillin, tetracycline.

Attention is paid to the root cause of the pathology in order to direct therapeutic measures to treat the underlying disease. In most cases, surgical intervention is not required, but the patient should be under periodic monitoring (visiting a doctor at least once every three days until the pathology regresses).

In the absence of rapid development of the pathological condition with thrombophlebitis, the following medications are prescribed in addition to the above-described treatment:

Local alcohol compresses.
Local anticoagulant drugs: heparin ointment and so on.
Drugs that reduce blood clotting: aspirin, aescusan, phenylin, and so on.

With a pronounced decrease in the lumen of the jugular vein due to blood clots, which significantly impairs blood circulation, and the lack of proper results from use conservative therapy surgical intervention is necessary to restore adequate blood flow and prevent complications.

Complications of jugular vein phlebectasis

Complications from phlebectasis are quite rare, even if the disease is not treated. However, a vessel may rupture, followed by profuse bleeding under the skin, or the carotid artery may be compressed. In both cases there is a high probability of death.

Prevention of jugular vein phlebectasis

Preventive measures should be aimed at combating physical inactivity. For example, when working sedentarily, you need to do periodic warm-ups. Recommended cold and hot shower to strengthen blood vessels and increase their elasticity.

It is also necessary to pay attention to daily diet, which should include food products that help prevent the formation of blood clots and strengthen blood vessels: beets, tomatoes, ginger, lemons, Apple vinegar, cocoa, fatty varieties fish, garlic, onions, cherries, raspberries, strawberries and so on. Traditional methods offer treatment with decoctions medicinal herbs. Most popular in in this case sage decoction, which is used for a month once a year.

Thus, we received an answer about what phlebectasia is and developed general scheme therapy and prevention. The disease does not depend on age and can occur in both adults and children.

A swelling appeared on the neck

The appearance of a tumor in the neck, which can be determined visually, should be a reason for a visit to the doctor, since this may indicate a serious pathology of the anatomical structures.

The neck is the area of the body where any discoloration, swelling or swelling will be visible to the naked eye. Since the cervical region has a large number of vital anatomical structures, swelling in the neck will indicate the need to quickly consult a doctor.

Anatomical components of the neck

The neck performs many functions due to important anatomical structures, including

spine;
larynx and trachea;
thyroid and parathyroid glands;
superficial and deep muscles;
esophagus;
The lymph nodes;
largest vessels: carotid artery, jugular vein;
cervical plexus nerves;
smaller vessels;
subcutaneous tissue.

Any swelling in the cervical region will be associated with any of the anatomical structures listed above.

Swelling of the neck in front

In front of the neck are the thyroid gland, trachea, lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles. The main causes of swelling may be:

This is a pathology of the thyroid gland, in which the tissue grows. More often the swelling is located in the front approximately in the middle. There is a variant of a low-lying goiter, when the swelling is determined at the bottom.

Tumor

IN thyroid gland Carcinomas and adenocarcinomas develop more often – malignant tumors, without treatment of which metastases may occur in various organs. If the tumor is detected visually, this indicates a severe stage of the process.

Injuries

Injuries lead to the development of edema, swelling, and hyperemia in the impact zone. In this case, first of all, the symptoms of damage attract attention. important organs. Breathing may be impaired due to damage to the trachea, dysfunction of active movement due to injury to the muscles of the neck or cervical vertebrae.

Infections

Infectious lesions in the neck area occur when pathogens penetrate through the bloodstream or when purulent melts other adjacent anatomical structures. This happens, for example, when severe consequences caries.

Cancer metastases

As a rule, you can find an enlarged node above the collarbone.

Lipoma

This is a benign tumor, not fused to the skin, painless, but which causes cosmetic inconvenience.

Median cyst

It is an intrauterine developmental defect in which complete fusion of the glossothyroid duct does not occur. This cyst is most often discovered at the age of 4-14 years. The cyst can become infected and cause purulent inflammation.

Swelling of the neck on the left or right

If swelling appears on the left or right, then most likely the lymph nodes, carotid artery, jugular vein, muscle (especially the sternocleidomastoid) are affected, and it may also be birth defects development. The main causes of formations on the side of the neck:

The lymph nodes

Lymph nodes that are determined visually are found in the following diseases:

Mumps (mumps). Although pathological changes occur in salivary gland parotid area, inflammation spreads to the lymph nodes of the neck, causing the neck to become puffy. In addition, other symptoms occur: increased temperature reaction, severe catarrhal symptoms. The disease is epidemic in nature, so children's groups are more often affected.
Infectious mononucleosis. This disease is also more typical for a child. It is caused by the Epstein-Bar virus. Children get sick more often; the symptoms resemble ARI, but with an enlarged liver and lymph nodes.
Spicy or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These diseases are characterized by severe deficiency immune system. Enlarged lymph nodes may be the first manifestation of the disease, and all groups of nodes will be enlarged.

Carotid body tumor

The carotid body is located on the bifurcation of the carotid artery, which is projected on the lateral region of the neck approximately in the middle. This anatomical formation consists of specific nerve cells, which perceive changes in the partial pressure of gases in the blood, as well as the reaction of the environment. The tumor of the corpuscle can reach large sizes, which is determined visually.

Lateral cervical cyst

This cyst is a developmental abnormality in the early stages of embryo formation. Lateral cysts are remnants of branchial grooves. These formations can be identified already in a child, and in adolescents they appear during puberty.

Neck soft tissue injury

In this case, functions may suffer or may remain unaffected. Hematomas, abrasions, and open wounds will be visible at the site of injury.

Swelling in the back of the neck

On the back of the neck, the cause of swelling may be a pathology of the spine or soft tissues. At the back of the neck, the processes of the vertebrae are clearly visible, and the soft tissues in this area are poorly defined, except in cases of obesity. Therefore, the causes of swelling in the back of the neck are most often spinal injuries or inflammatory processes of the skin in the form of boils and carbuncles.

Injuries may cause separation of the spinous process of the vertebra, rupture of ligaments spinal column, a displaced fracture of the spine, when the stability of the spinal canal is disrupted and the spinal cord is damaged.

Phlebectasia or dilatation of the jugular vein in the neck

To prevent veins from bursting and a blood clot from entering the heart

Make it a rule to lubricate your feet with regular...

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are in first place among body pathologies among the entire population globe. Not last place Among these pathologies is the expansion of the jugular vein in the neck. By determining the cause of the disease, you can correct its development, avoid unpleasant symptoms and consequences that may arise in the absence of treatment. In order to correctly determine the cause of the disease, it is necessary not only to consult a doctor, but also to correctly determine the condition and possible consequences.

Features of the disease

Dilatation of the jugular vein is called phlebectasia. Such conditions can arise as a result of malfunction of the valves located throughout the vein. For many reasons, the valves can no longer regulate the flow of venous blood; it accumulates in large quantities in the vessel, stretching its walls and disabling more and more large quantity valves

Another important factor is the discharge of blood from the veins located deep under the muscles into the superficial veins. This non-physiological redistribution of blood, due to a number of reasons, causes dysfunction in the entire venous network, also leading to vasodilation.

The jugular vein consists of several branches - a pair of internal vessels, external and anterior. These vessels perform important function in the functioning of the body - they carry blood away from the brain and cervical spine. It is its close location to the brain that makes us take seriously any pathological manifestations of the jugular vein.

Causes

It should be noted that phlebectasia does not depend on the age of the patient; it can equally occur in both an adult and a child.

Causes of dilatation of the jugular vein:

neck injuries, traumatic brain injuries, head and cervical contusions, concussions;
spinal and back injuries, rib fractures leading to general venous stagnation;
long-term forced awkward position, sedentary work without breaks;
vascular diseases, heart failure, heart defects, coronary and hypertension;
benign and malignant tumors of internal organs, blood cancer;
diseases of the spine and back muscles, in which the patient takes a forced position to alleviate the condition, for example, osteochondrosis;
endocrine diseases.

Often, with the development of dilatation of the jugular vein, there are several factors that cause the disease.

Carrying out diagnostics

To identify and make a final diagnosis, a specialist will need the results of several laboratory and instrumental studies:

duplex scanning of cervical vessels;
duplex transcranial scanning;
multislice computed tomography (MS CT) of the cervical and thoracic regions;
magnetic resonance imaging using contrast agents;
computed tomography of the skull;
ultrasound examination of the neck and chest;
phlebography;
diagnostic puncture;
general analysis blood.

These are the main diagnostic methods that are used to make a final diagnosis. At the same time, the doctor can prescribe only some of them to obtain a complete information picture of the disease.

However, to identify the exact causes of the disease, it may be necessary to consult specialists who will help determine the main factor in the occurrence of jugular vein phlebectasis. Such specialists include a neurologist, endocrinologist, and oncologist.

Symptoms of the disease

Like any other varicose veins veins, phlebectasia of the jugular vein first occurs without any obvious symptoms. If the exposure factor is insignificant, then the disease can develop for years without leaving any traces on the body.

The first signs are a visual enlargement of the vessel in the neck, with the upper vessels forming a kind of blue sac, and the lower ones - a clear swelling resembling a spindle in shape. In this case, there is no obvious discomfort for the patient, there is no pain or other subjective signs of the disease.

In the future, a feeling of pressure may develop at the site of the expansion of the jugular vein, especially when bending over, screaming or sudden movements head.

In advanced cases, painful sensations appear in the neck, the voice becomes hoarse, and difficulty breathing may occur.

The last two cases require immediate treatment, since the development similar symptoms negatively affects the general condition of the body.

Treatment methods

After making a diagnosis and recognizing that the jugular vein is dilated, it is time to decide on treatment procedures.

Treatment primarily depends on the degree of the disease, how much the vessel is dilated and its effect on surrounding tissues and general state body. If there is no reason to fear for the normal physiological state of the patient, then active treatment do not undertake. The work of specialists comes down to monitoring the condition of the vein, the dynamics of its expansion and the impact on surrounding organs and tissues.

If the dynamics are rapid or the expansion of the jugular vein already has a negative effect on the body, a decision is made to surgically treat the disease. It all comes down to removing the affected area of the vein and connecting healthy areas into one vessel. Also read about vascular surgery for varicose veins

Complications and their prevention

Complications with similar conditions rarely occur. Basically, this is the threat of rupture of the affected and weakened section of the vein and subsequent profuse bleeding. This condition is fatal in most cases.

To prevent this scenario, jugular vein enlargement should be treated whenever possible. If the doctor suggests or even insists on urgent surgical intervention, it should be carried out.

Preventive measures

The main preventive measures can be called:

avoiding stress on the body in general and on the neck in particular, if there is a predisposition or initial signs dilation of the jugular vein;
timely cure for diseases that cause varicose veins;
regular routine examinations for early detection of the disease;
healthy lifestyle, moderate physical activity, proper nutrition.

The main emphasis should be on people who are predisposed to dilation of the jugular vein due to hereditary characteristics.

It must be remembered that vein diseases are difficult to prevent, but you can easily stop and get rid of them in the initial stages of development. That's why regular checkups with your doctor will help you avoid problems in the future.

Are you one of those millions of women who struggles with varicose veins?

Have all your attempts to cure varicose veins been unsuccessful?

Have you already thought about radical measures? This is understandable, because healthy legs are an indicator of health and a reason for pride. In addition, this is at least human longevity. And the fact that a person protected from vein diseases looks younger is an axiom that does not require proof.

Health and Living Healthy with Elena Malysheva

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A vein in the neck is swollen

What does swelling above the left collarbone or swollen veins in the neck tell us?

Doctors will tell you about what diseases may manifest themselves in the neck. You will learn something that should excite each of you. What could a lump on the neck mean? Swelling occurs above the collarbone.

This may be evidence of cancer. This tumor is a swollen lymph node. This could be metastasis from stomach cancer. Men over 40 who drink, smoke, and eat smoked foods and processed meats are at greater risk of developing stomach cancer.

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Swelling of the Cervical Veins in an Adult and a Child: Causes

Causes of swelling of the neck veins in children and adults

Pulsation and swelling of the neck veins - typical symptoms increased central venous pressure. U healthy person this phenomenon is quite likely; it can be observed in the neck area four centimeters from the angle of the sternum. The patient must lie on a bed with the head of the bed elevated at an angle of 45 degrees. This position of the body ensures a pressure in the right atrium of ten centimeters of water. Pulsation in the neck veins should disappear when the body is moved to an upright position.

Increased venous pressure is characteristic of cardiac right ventricular failure. In such a situation, pulsation may be felt in the angle of the lower jaw. In some cases, venous pressure increases so much that the veins can swell under the tongue and on back side brushes

Stagnation of blood in big circle blood circulation leads to the fact that the veins in the neck can expand and inflate. A similar pulsation occurs when blood returns to right atrium from the right ventricle.

Signs and symptoms

The main signs of pulsation and swelling of the neck veins include:

Swelling in the neck area.
Slow visible pulsation and swelling of the neck veins to the angle of the lower jaw, and in some cases in the sublingual area.
Kussmaul's sign - swelling of the veins when sighing.
Pressure on the right hypochondrium causes swelling of the veins of the neck.
Swelling in the neck area.
On the front chest wall Visible heart pulsation can be observed.

Causes of the disease

Swelling of the veins in the neck can be unilateral or bilateral. The reasons are as follows:

unilateral - large goiter; on the left side, an aortic aneurysm compresses the left brachiocephalic vein.
bilateral - accumulation of fluid in the heart sac; cardiac right ventricular failure; venous pulse; constructive pericarditis; impaired blood patency in the superior vena cava; enlarged lymph nodes in the upper mediastinum; lung tumor; thrombophlebitis of the superior vena cava; mediastinal fibrosis; stenosis; pulmonary hypertension; Tension pneumothorax.

Most often, swelling of the veins in the neck is caused by the following pathological conditions:

heart failure;
purchased and congenital defects hearts;
hepatojugular reflux;
cardiac tamponade;
tumor in the mediastinum;
arrhythmia.
Blistering veins in the neck in children

A swollen vein in a child’s neck is most often normal reaction, like any person, to some kind of emotional stress, crying, coughing, resulting in a change in pressure. Vessels with obstructed blood flow tend to increase in size. Under thin children's skin, the vessels are better visible and the magnification is noticeably much better than in adults. However, if the veins are swollen, you need to consult a surgeon and cardiologist and do a dollarography of the vessels of the head and neck.

Diagnostics

For staging correct diagnosis It is necessary to conduct objective and subjective examinations. First of all, the renal-jugular drainage is examined to remove the obstruction causing the veins to swell. Additional research methods include: chest x-ray; echocardiography; Ultrasound of the neck and blood test for thyroid hormones; bronchoscopy; computed tomography of the chest; Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities.

Who to contact

If pulsation and swelling of the neck veins appear, you need to visit a cardiologist or therapist. Next, you may need to consult a cardiac surgeon, pulmonologist, rheumatologist, oncologist, or endocrinologist.

Why does the jugular vein in the neck enlarge?

The jugular vein is a blood vein that is responsible for the process of blood circulation from the brain to the cervical region. Certain areas of the brain absorb blood carbon dioxide, various toxic substances. The jugular vein delivers unpurified blood to the heart for filtering. It is the proximity of the vein to such an important human organ encourages you to take seriously any changes in its functioning.

Therefore, if the jugular vein in the neck is dilated, examination and therapy are required after the exact causes of the pathology are established.

Features of the pathology

Phlebectasia, or dilatation of the jugular vein, is a disruption of the functioning of blood vessels and valves. Vascular valves cease to regulate the flow of venous blood. The blood, in turn, begins to accumulate, forming clots. A large number of them causes a process of dysfunction in the functioning of almost the entire venous network of the body. Normal blood circulation stops and the person becomes ill.

This condition largely depends on anatomical structure lived

Anatomical structure

Each of the jugular veins is divided into anterior, external and internal and has its own location:

The internal jugular vein stretches from the base of the skull and ends near the subclavian fossa. There she pours venous blood, which comes from the skull, into the large brachiocephalic vessel.
The beginning of the external jugular vein is located under the auricle. From this point it descends down the upper part of the sternoclavicular muscle. Having reached its posterior edge, it penetrates the vessels of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. The external vessel has many branches and valves.
The anterior jugular vein is initially located on the outer surface of the mylohyoid muscle, moves along the sternothyroid muscle and passes near the midline of the neck. It enters the external and subclavian jugular veins, forming an anastomosis.

The anterior jugular vein is very small and forms a pair of vessels, that is, it is paired.

Symptoms

If the jugular veins are even slightly dilated, then specific signs, indicating pathology. They depend on the stage of the disease:

Stage 1. A slight swelling (enlargement) in the neck that does not cause discomfort or pain. Determined during a visual inspection.
Stage 2. Pulling pain and the appearance of increased intravenous pressure with fast movement and sudden turns of the head.
Stage 3. The pain is sharp, intense, there is hoarseness and difficulty breathing.

If the internal jugular vein expands, the functioning of the circulatory system occurs serious violations. This situation requires a thorough diagnosis of the causes of the pathology and comprehensive treatment.

Causes

Phlebectasia has no time limits and occurs in both adults and children.

Causes of dilatation of the jugular vein in the neck:

Injured ribs, cervical spine, spine, which provoke stagnation of venous blood.
Concussion, osteochondrosis.
Dysfunction of the cardiovascular system - heart failure, hypertension, ischemia.
Endocrine disorders.
Sedentary work for long periods of time.
Tumors of different ethnogenesis (benign and malignant).

It takes time and accompanying factors for pathology to occur. Therefore, it is very important to identify it early, since the disease leads to disruption of the valves.

Predisposing factors

Cervical varicose veins occur in every third inhabitant of the planet. But for the development of pathology, predisposing factors are needed:

natural lack of connective tissue development;
restructuring of the hormonal system;
spinal and back injuries;
passive lifestyle;
poor nutrition.

The hormonal factor concerns women more. During puberty and pregnancy, there is a risk of vein swelling.

Also important factors in the occurrence of phlebectasis are stress and nervous breakdowns. The neck veins have nerve endings. IN in good condition they form elastic venous vessels. But as soon as a person gets nervous, the pressure in the veins increases and elasticity is lost.

Alcohol, smoking, toxins, and excessive physical and mental stress negatively affect the normal circulation of venous blood.

Diagnosis of phlebectasia

If the dilatation of the jugular vein is in the first stage, then a visual examination by a doctor is quite sufficient. In the second and third stages of the disease, more serious studies are used.

To make a diagnosis when pain and blood circulation disorders, laboratory tests are used - general blood test and instrumental tests. Instrumental ones include:

Ultrasound or computed tomography of the cervical, thoracic and skull.
Diagnostic puncture.
MRI with contrast agent.
Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels.

These are the main diagnostic methods that are used to make a final medical opinion.

In certain situations, it is better to diagnose phlebitis with the help of a tandem of doctors of various specializations (therapist, neurologist, vascular surgeon, cardiologist, endocrinologist, oncologist). This allows you to prescribe more precise conservative treatment.

Treatment of pathology

Treatment depends on the expansion of the internal jugular vein on the right or internal on the left, the results of the tests performed, and the degree of influence of the disorders on the entire body. Often, during one therapeutic complex, not only varicose veins are cured, but also other physiological disorders.

The occurrence of expansion on the right does not pose a particular threat to the patient. The pathology on the left side is much more dangerous. This is due to the impossibility of a thorough diagnosis due to the risk of damage to the lymphatic system.

Therapeutic course medicines relieves inflammation, removes swelling, strengthens blood vessels. With long-term administration of the drug, the installation of a venous catheter is practiced.

At the third stage of the disease, surgical intervention is indispensable. Surgically The affected areas of the vein are removed, and healthy areas are combined into one vessel.

Possible complications and their prevention

To avoid complications when an enlargement of the jugular vein appears in the neck, early diagnosis and serious treatment. If the process enters the uncontrolled phase, there is a threat of rupture of the affected area and death.

The development of the disease is influenced by the patient’s lifestyle, heredity and the above reasons. Only a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition lead to the fact that blood that is not very polluted enters the brain.

Phlebectasia in children

Vein enlargement occurs at any age. But it is more dangerous for children. Most often, phlebectasia in a child is detected at birth, but cases of pathology appearing at the age of 3–5 years are not uncommon.

Main symptomatic indicators: tumor formation, dilated blood vessels, temperature increase.

The treatment uses approaches used for the recovery of adults. The only difference is that phlebectasia in children is most often treated through surgery.

Jugular vein thrombosis in the neck

Thrombosis, or the appearance of a blood clot inside a vessel, is formed mainly when there is presence in the body chronic diseases. If a blood clot appears in a vessel, there is a danger of it breaking off and blocking vital arteries.

In this case, the doctor suggests taking anticoagulants - heparin and fibrinolysin. To relieve inflammation, relax muscles and thin the blood, and, consequently, to resolve a blood clot, the administration of nicotinic acid, antispasmodics, and venotonics is prescribed. The operation is rarely used.

Contraindications and prevention

People suffering from pathology and having a hereditary predisposition to it are contraindicated:

sedentary work and vice versa - excessive physical activity;
frequent stressful situations;
bad habits;
ignoring chronic diseases;
consumption of fatty, spicy, smoked foods, canned food, sweet carbonated drinks.

To prevent phlebectasia of the jugular vein, it is advisable to perform preventive measures. The main preventive measures are:

regular medical examination;
avoidance stressful situations and physical activity;
timely removal of small enlargements using special ointments;
treatment of chronic diseases;
healthy lifestyle.

The jugular vein delivers unpurified blood to the heart for filtering. It is the proximity of the vein to such an important human organ that prompts us to take seriously any changes in its functioning.

Therefore, if the jugular vein in the neck is dilated, examination and therapy are required after the exact causes of the pathology are established.

Features of the pathology

This condition largely depends on the anatomical structure of the veins.

Anatomical structure

Each of the jugular veins is divided into anterior, external and internal and has its own location:

The internal jugular vein stretches from the base of the skull and ends near the subclavian fossa. There she pours venous blood, which comes from the skull, into the large brachiocephalic vessel.
The beginning of the external jugular vein is located under the auricle. From this point it descends down the upper part of the sternoclavicular muscle. Having reached its posterior edge, it penetrates the vessels of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. The external vessel has many branches and valves.
The anterior jugular vein is initially located on the outer surface of the mylohyoid muscle, moves along the sternothyroid muscle and passes near the midline of the neck. It enters the external and subclavian jugular veins, forming an anastomosis.

The anterior jugular vein is very small and forms a pair of vessels, that is, it is paired.

Symptoms

If the jugular veins are even slightly dilated, then specific signs appear indicating pathology. They depend on the stage of the disease:

Stage 1. A slight swelling (enlargement) in the neck that does not cause discomfort or pain. Determined during a visual inspection.
Stage 2. Pulling pain and the appearance of increased intravenous pressure with rapid movement and sudden turns of the head.
Stage 3. The pain is sharp, intense, there is hoarseness and difficulty breathing.

If the internal jugular vein expands, serious disruptions occur in the functioning of the circulatory system. This situation requires a thorough diagnosis of the causes of the pathology and comprehensive treatment.

Causes

Phlebectasia has no time limits and occurs in both adults and children.

Causes of dilatation of the jugular vein in the neck:

Injured ribs, cervical spine, spine, which provoke stagnation of venous blood.
Concussion, osteochondrosis.
Dysfunction of the cardiovascular system - heart failure, hypertension, ischemia.
Endocrine disorders.
Sedentary work for long periods of time.
Tumors of different ethnogenesis (benign and malignant).

It takes time and accompanying factors for pathology to occur. Therefore, it is very important to identify it early, since the disease leads to disruption of the valves.

Predisposing factors

Cervical varicose veins occur in every third inhabitant of the planet. But for the development of pathology, predisposing factors are needed:

natural lack of connective tissue development;
restructuring of the hormonal system;
spinal and back injuries;
passive lifestyle;
poor nutrition.

The hormonal factor concerns women more. During puberty and pregnancy, there is a risk of vein swelling.

Also important factors in the occurrence of phlebectasis are stress and nervous breakdowns. The neck veins have nerve endings. In normal condition, they form elastic venous vessels. But as soon as a person gets nervous, the pressure in the veins increases and elasticity is lost.

Alcohol, smoking, toxins, and excessive physical and mental stress negatively affect the normal circulation of venous blood.

Diagnosis of phlebectasia

If the dilatation of the jugular vein is in the first stage, then a visual examination by a doctor is quite sufficient. In the second and third stages of the disease, more serious studies are used.

To make a diagnosis when pain and blood circulation problems occur, laboratory tests are used - a general blood test and instrumental tests. Instrumental ones include:

Ultrasound or computed tomography of the cervical, thoracic and skull.
Diagnostic puncture.
MRI with contrast agent.
Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels.

These are the main diagnostic methods that are used to make a final medical opinion.

Treatment of pathology

A therapeutic course of medications relieves inflammation, removes swelling, and strengthens blood vessels. With long-term administration of the drug, the installation of a venous catheter is practiced.

At the third stage of the disease, surgical intervention is indispensable. The affected areas of the vein are surgically removed, and healthy ones are connected into one vessel.

Possible complications and their prevention

To avoid complications when an enlargement of the jugular vein appears in the neck, early diagnosis and serious treatment are necessary. If the process enters the uncontrolled phase, there is a threat of rupture of the affected area and death.

Phlebectasia in children

The main symptomatic indicators: tumor formation, dilated blood vessels, increased temperature.

The treatment uses approaches used for the recovery of adults. The only difference is that phlebectasia in children is most often treated through surgery.

Jugular vein thrombosis in the neck

Thrombosis, or the appearance of a blood clot inside a vessel, forms mainly in the presence of chronic diseases in the body. If a blood clot appears in a vessel, there is a danger of it breaking off and blocking vital arteries.

Contraindications and prevention

People suffering from pathology and having a hereditary predisposition to it are contraindicated:

sedentary work and vice versa - excessive physical activity;
frequent stressful situations;
bad habits;
ignoring chronic diseases;
consumption of fatty, spicy, smoked foods, canned food, sweet carbonated drinks.

To prevent jugular vein phlebectasis from occurring, it is advisable to take preventive measures. The main preventive measures are:

regular medical examination;
avoiding stressful situations and physical activity;
timely removal of small enlargements using special ointments;
treatment of chronic diseases;
healthy lifestyle.

Do you want to get rid of varicose veins in the first year with the help of materials from our experts?

Phlebectasia or dilatation of the jugular vein in the neck

To prevent veins from bursting and a blood clot from entering the heart

Make it a rule to lubricate your feet with regular...

Diseases of the cardiovascular system rank first among body pathologies among the population of the entire globe. Not the least of these pathologies is the expansion of the jugular vein in the neck. By determining the cause of the disease, you can correct its development, avoid unpleasant symptoms and consequences that may arise in the absence of treatment. In order to correctly determine the cause of the disease, it is necessary not only to consult a doctor, but also to correctly determine the condition and possible consequences.

Features of the disease

The jugular vein consists of several branches - a pair of internal vessels, external and anterior. These vessels perform an important function in the body - they carry blood away from the brain and cervical spine. It is its close location to the brain that makes us take seriously any pathological manifestations of the jugular vein.

Causes

It should be noted that phlebectasia does not depend on the age of the patient; it can equally occur in both an adult and a child.

Causes of dilatation of the jugular vein:

neck injuries, traumatic brain injuries, head and cervical contusions, concussions;
spinal and back injuries, rib fractures leading to general venous stagnation;
long forced, uncomfortable posture, sedentary work without a break;
vascular diseases, heart failure, heart defects, coronary and hypertension;
benign and malignant tumors of internal organs, blood cancer;
diseases of the spine and back muscles, in which the patient takes a forced position to alleviate the condition, for example, osteochondrosis;
endocrine diseases.

Often, with the development of dilatation of the jugular vein, there are several factors that cause the disease.

Carrying out diagnostics

To identify and make a final diagnosis, a specialist will need the results of several laboratory and instrumental studies:

duplex scanning of cervical vessels;
duplex transcranial scanning;
multislice computed tomography (MS CT) of the cervical and thoracic regions;
magnetic resonance imaging using contrast agents;
computed tomography of the skull;
ultrasound examination of the neck and chest;
phlebography;
diagnostic puncture;
general blood analysis.

These are the main diagnostic methods that are used to make a final diagnosis. At the same time, the doctor can prescribe only some of them to obtain a complete information picture of the disease.

Symptoms of the disease

Like any other varicose veins, phlebectasia of the jugular vein initially occurs without any obvious symptoms. If the exposure factor is insignificant, then the disease can develop for years without leaving any traces on the body.

In the future, a feeling of pressure may develop at the site of the expansion of the jugular vein, especially when bending, screaming or sudden movements of the head.

In advanced cases, painful sensations appear in the neck, the voice becomes hoarse, and difficulty breathing may occur.

The last two cases require immediate treatment, since the development of such symptoms negatively affects the general condition of the body.

Treatment methods

After making a diagnosis and recognizing that the jugular vein is dilated, it is time to decide on treatment procedures.

Treatment primarily depends on the degree of the disease, how much the vessel is dilated and its effect on the surrounding tissues and the general condition of the body. If there is no reason to fear for the normal physiological state of the patient, then active treatment is not undertaken. The work of specialists comes down to monitoring the condition of the vein, the dynamics of its expansion and the impact on surrounding organs and tissues.

Complications and their prevention

Complications from such conditions are rare. Basically, this is the threat of rupture of the affected and weakened section of the vein and subsequent heavy bleeding. This condition is fatal in most cases.

To prevent this scenario, jugular vein enlargement should be treated whenever possible. If the doctor suggests or even insists on early surgical intervention, it should be performed.

Preventive measures

The main preventive measures can be called:

avoiding stress on the body in general and on the neck in particular if there is a predisposition or initial signs of dilation of the jugular vein;
timely cure for diseases that cause varicose veins;
regular scheduled examinations for early detection of the disease;
healthy lifestyle, moderate physical activity, proper nutrition.

The main emphasis should be on people who are predisposed to dilation of the jugular vein due to hereditary characteristics.

Are you one of those millions of women who struggles with varicose veins?

Have all your attempts to cure varicose veins been unsuccessful?

The materials presented are information general and cannot replace consultation with a doctor.

Swelling of the veins, accompanied by a noticeable pulsation from the outside, suddenly appearing in submandibular region- a symptom that requires close attention, and sometimes the help of a qualified doctor. Read on to learn what to do if a vein in your neck is pulsating and what it may signal.

Causes

In an absolutely healthy person who does not have serious health problems, pulsation may occur after undergoing high-intensity physical activity. In some patients this is how nervousness manifests itself, while in others the vein begins to pulsate as a reaction to severe stress. The symptoms are not associated with diseases of the veins, heart, blood vessels or other internal organs; as a rule, they do not pose any danger if they occur once. If you notice a connection between stress and pulsating veins, you may want to consult a neurologist.

The main cause of pulsation of the veins in the neck: heart failure in the right ventricle, accompanied by stagnation of venous blood in the systemic circulation.

At the same time, the vein does not just pulsate, it swells and expands.

When a pulse wave occurs in the neck, it is not only easily palpable, but can be seen from the side.

Why is this happening

Pulsation of the neck veins may occur if you have the following health problems:

Thrombosis of large venous trunks.
Arrhythmia.
Heart or vascular defect (congenital or acquired).
Pericarditis.
Heart failure.
Emphysema.
Mechanical impact on the superior vena cava (occurs with tumors or severe inflammation of neighboring organs).
Goiter located behind the sternum.
Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.
Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta.
Some other problems.

What to do

If you notice that the pulsation of a vein in your neck has begun to occur with regular frequency, this is an alarming signal.

Consultation with a doctor is required. The following are responsible for diagnosing and treating these symptoms: a therapist and a cardiologist. They can refer you to more specialized specialists, which include a rheumatologist, endocrinologist, oncologist, cardiac surgeon, and pulmonologist.

Study

The primary study when a patient complains that a vein in the neck is pulsating is a palpation examination.

The doctor evaluates:

central venous pressure;
venous pulse.

Note that pulsation can be caused by disturbances in the outflow of blood in the veins (venous) or in the arteries (arterial). The doctor determines this during the initial examination.

To establish more accurate diagnosis One or more of the following tests may be needed:

MRI with contrast;
Ultrasound of the neck and chest;
puncture;
duplex scanning of cervical vessels;
multislice CT of the cervical and thoracic regions;
CT scan of the skull.

It is important to know: the problem often affects people with overweight, so the doctor pays attention to the patient’s build. How is the presence of fat related to the pulsation of veins?

Fatty fiber directly affects cardiovascular system: on the one hand, fat is deposited around the heart, making it difficult to work; on the other hand, the heart has to work much harder, because the tissues in the body full man much more and more blood also needs to be transferred.

Treatment

Pulsation of the veins in the neck is only a symptom, not independent disease Therefore, when identifying the final cause of the symptoms and making a diagnosis, the doctor treats the underlying disease.

When tumors are detected, therapy is aimed at their removal. Heart failure and arrhythmia are treated with lifelong treatment medications. In case of aneurysm, atherosclerosis and some other problems, the doctor may decide to perform an operation, but this practice is used if the vessels are severely pinched or blocked, which interferes with normal blood circulation.

If you notice a throbbing area on your neck once or twice, this does not mean there is a serious danger to your health. But regularly occurring pulsation is a symptom that you should definitely tell your doctor about, even if nothing else bothers you.