Stool bacteria. Preparation for stool analysis for dysbacteriosis. Escherichia with reduced enzymatic activity

The presence of a large number of different bacteria in the human intestine is considered normal. They participate both in the processing process and in the absorption of substances entering the body. Good digestion and normal bowel function are evidenced by detritus - feces consisting of small, structureless particles. Bacteria in feces make up a third of the total. If this indicator is exceeded, first intestinal disorders appear, then various types of pain in the abdomen appear, and undigested food appears in the stool.

Intestinal microflora is represented by the following groups:

• healthy bacteria (activate intestinal function) - bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, eschecheria;
• opportunistic (become pathogenic under certain conditions and can cause disorders) - enterococci, candida, staphylococci, clostriidium;
• pathogenic (cause severe diseases) - salmonella, shingella, sarcina, bacilli, klebsiella, proteus.

Stool examination is carried out in different ways, one of which is by staining the analyzed material with special solutions. Under a microscope, the bacteria present become clearly visible, and their color changes due to the specific carbohydrates they contain.

Indications for stool analysis

A study such as a stool test is prescribed by a doctor for several reasons:

Indications for which stool analysis is prescribed are also diagnosed diseases of the intestines, stomach, liver, pancreas, rectum or duodenum.

Examination of stool is a mandatory stage of any comprehensive examination for preventive purposes. It is especially common for young children, whose risk of infection with bacteria and the development of dysbacteriosis is extremely high.

Rules for collecting stool for research

It is recommended that you prepare for several days before submitting your feces for examination. Doctors recommend excluding from the daily menu those foods that can affect the color of stool. These include beets, greens, tomatoes, and red fish. Meat products can distort the results.

Therefore, before the date when a stool test is scheduled, it is better to give preference to eggs, potatoes, and dairy dishes. If the doctor has not prescribed a specific diet, for example, protein or carbohydrate, then you should not overload the intestines. You should not use antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, medications containing iron, or enzymes during the preparation period.

You need to collect the test material for tank analysis or coprogram in the morning. During this period, there is the highest probability of detecting all bacteria. For feces, use a special sterile container or container sold in a pharmacy.

Stool collection from newborn babies cannot be done from a diaper; a clean diaper is used for this. For older children, you need to prepare a clean, washed potty. Feces are collected separately from urine. The permissible shelf life of the material is no more than 10 hours in the refrigerator.

How is coprogram performed?

A coprogram, or scatological study, is an analysis of stool that allows one to identify its properties, chemical and physical composition, and any pathologies present. This method allows you to detect bacteria. The coprogram reveals a violation of the biobalance, the ratio of microorganisms living in the intestines, and the presence of pathogens among them. It is not prescribed as a separate examination, but is a supplement to a background analysis or general examination.

Coprology evaluates the presence of a specific odor of feces, its density and consistency, general appearance, and the presence/absence of bacteria. The procedure involves two stages: macroscopic and microscopic stool analysis. In the second case, evidence of bacteria in the stool will be detected mucus, increased bilirubin levels, blood clots, protein and iodine bacteria.

Iodophilic flora in feces

Detection of iodine bacteria is not always a sign of disease. But we can speak with confidence about their accumulation and the resulting fermentation. Iodophilic microflora is formed due to active substances that convert starch into glucose.

Under the influence of various microorganisms, organic matter is formed from sugar, and fermentation begins. This process involves yeast cells and cocci present in the intestines. If a stool analysis reveals a group of bacteria - clostridia, then there is no reason to worry. If rod microorganisms are detected, the diagnosis is specified depending on their type and quantity.

Iodine bacteria are often found in the feces of children whose bodies do not cope well with pathogenic flora.

Features of bacteriological analysis

Bacterial analysis is carried out in the laboratory to identify pathogenic microorganisms in feces. Modern medicine uses the method of sowing the collected material into a special environment with specified conditions (temperature, humidity, light). These microorganisms are studied by laboratory technicians for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs and bacteriophages. The readings and results are so accurate that the doctor can accurately prescribe medications.

If it is necessary to identify a specific microbe or bacterium in a child’s stool, the test material is placed in conditions where this particular microorganism will progress and develop, and no others. After a certain time, the crops are studied using a microscope. Experts determine their ability to form colonies, decompose, multiply, as well as the speed of these processes. In order for the results of stool analysis to be as accurate as possible, the instruments and utensils used to collect the material must be sterile. If the rules are violated, the surveys will be meaningless and insufficiently accurate.

In the total amount of feces analyzed, only 10% can be occupied by pathogenic microflora, which are staphylococcal and E. coli, and fungi. If normal values ​​are exceeded, treatment must be started immediately.

Stool analysis for dysbacteriosis

An infectious disease specialist, therapist or gastroenterologist can recommend an analysis of stool for dysbacteriosis. Such a study allows you to detect any groups of bacteria, determine their number and ratio, and establish a diagnosis for the patient.

• Enterobacteriaceae. Pathogenic microorganisms that cause intestinal infections and dysentery.
• E. coli. They interfere with the absorption of iron and calcium by the body and may indicate the presence of worms.
• Escherichia coli with reduced enzymatic activity. They indicate dysbacteriosis.
• Hemolytic bacteria - form dangerous toxic substances that affect the intestines and nervous system, causing allergic reactions.
• Lactose-negative bacteria. They disrupt the digestive process and cause heartburn, bloating, a feeling of pressure, and frequent belching.
• Enterococci. Bacteria that cause infectious diseases of the genitourinary system, excretory tract, and genital organs.
• Klebsiella. Leads to gastroenterological diseases.
• Yeast-like fungi, candida, cause thrush.

The normal content of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli is 10 7 -10 11 and 10 5, respectively (minor deviations are allowed). The number of other microorganisms detected depends on the disease, its severity and neglect. As for iodobacter bacteria, their presence is strictly individual in the body.

Intestinal dysbiosis very quickly leads to the destruction of beneficial microflora and to dangerous diseases - staphylococcus or dysentery. Therefore, it is recommended to undergo analysis at least once a year to maintain normal intestinal biobalance.

The importance of stool examinations in children

Intestinal bacteria are especially dangerous for small children and newborns. It is impossible to notice pathogenic microorganisms and even the remains of undigested food in the feces of infants with the naked eye. In an adult, stool with fibrous inclusions may cause suspicion, but in breastfed children, no fibers are present in the stool.

Infants and young children are most susceptible to attack by bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. This is due to their habit of pulling their hands, toys, and any objects to their mouths. In addition, the digestive system in infants depends on the mother. If infectious diseases caused by intestinal bacteria appear in the body of a nursing mother, they are transmitted during feeding to the baby. The first signs of dysbiosis or other diseases will be the child’s restless behavior, crying, and short, restless sleep due to abdominal pain. Parents are advised to immediately consult a doctor, carry out the prescribed tests and begin treatment. The presence of iodine bacteria will be a warning sign.

Restoring normal microflora and biobalance is important for the normal development and growth of the child. The bulk of vitamins and nutrients are absorbed through the digestive system and intestines, which is extremely necessary for a growing body.

Stool analysis is a reliable means of obtaining information about the patient’s health status and the functioning of his most important organs – the stomach and intestines. The examination allows for the timely detection of bacteria that kill beneficial microflora and disrupt the vital functions of the entire body in both a child and an adult.

In the colon of a healthy person, the microorganisms that form the basis of the microflora are represented by anaerobes: bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, as well as aerobes - Escherichia coli (E. coli) with normal enzymatic properties. These microorganisms ensure the stability of normal microflora and prevent the colonization of the large intestine by foreign microorganisms.

Opportunistic microorganisms that live in the intestines, representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, etc., make up a significant part of the normal aerobic (needing an oxygen supply for development) intestinal flora and usually do not cause diseases, but on the contrary, they participate in ensuring its normal functioning. But when their quantity exceeds the norm, it can cause intestinal disorders.

Pathogenic enterobacteria- are the cause of a large number of different human diseases. These include bacteria that cause acute intestinal infection (AI): salmonella, shigella - the causative agents of dysentery. The detection of these microorganisms is an indicator of a serious intestinal infection. Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli, abbreviated e. coli) is part of the normal microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract.

Escherichia coli(Escherichia coli, abbreviated e. coli) - is part of the normal microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract. E. coli, preventing the colonization of opportunistic intestinal microflora, produces a number of B vitamins necessary for humans, and also affects the absorption of iron and calcium.

Escherichia coli with reduced enzymatic activity- this is an inferior E. coli, from which there is no harm or benefit. However, the presence of an indicator higher than normal is a sign of incipient dysbiosis.

In the feces of a healthy child, E. coli (typical) are detected in an amount of 10 7 -10 8 CFU/g, while the number of lactose-negative E. coli should not exceed 10 5 CFU/g, and hemolytic (hemolyzing) E. coli should be absent.

Hemolytic (hemolyzing) Escherichia coli capable of producing toxins that act on the nervous system and intestines, can cause allergic and intestinal problems, should normally be absent

Lactose-negative enterobacteriaceae- a group of opportunistic bacteria that interferes with normal digestion and causes dyspeptic symptoms in a child, that is, heartburn, belching, a feeling of pressure or bloating in the abdomen. Their number should not exceed 5% (or in titers: 10 4 – 10 5 – moderate increase).

Lactobacilli- one of the most important lactic acid bacteria in the group, they break down lactose (milk sugar) and prevent the development of lactase deficiency, maintaining the acidity of the colon at a level of 5.5–5.6 pH. Lactobacilli activate phagocytosis (a process in which special cells of the blood and body tissues (phagocytes) capture and digest pathogens of infectious diseases and dead cells). Lactobacilli are part of mother's milk.

Bifidobacteria- the most important representative of the microflora of the human body; In the colon of children, they make up about 95% of the bacterial population. Bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, inhibit their growth and reproduction, so deficiency of bifidobacteria is one of the pathogenetic factors of long-term intestinal disorders in children. Various strains of bifidobacteria and bacteroides appear in the gastrointestinal tract 10 days after birth. Babies born by cesarean section have significantly lower bacteria levels than those born naturally. A significant decrease in the number of bifidobacteria is a sign of severe dysbacteriosis.

Enterococci are part of the normal microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are also causative agents of urinary tract infections and infections of the pelvic organs. In case of excessive growth of enterococci, the use of bacteriophages is recommended. Enterococci are present in the intestines in quantities of 10 5 – 10 8 CFU/g of feces and normally should not exceed the total number of E. coli.

Clostridia are part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract.

Proteus- representative of normal, opportunistic intestinal microflora. Proteas are considered sanitary indicator bacteria. The number of detected proteas is considered an indicator of contamination. The modes of transmission are nosocomial infection, as well as infection due to non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.

Klebsiella- an opportunistic bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is part of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, but can cause a number of gastroenterological diseases. Klebsiellosis is one of the common nosocomial infections. At high titers, treatment is carried out with bacteriophages.

Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella and others, when the body’s immunity decreases, can lead to changes in intestinal function and the formation of inflammatory processes in various organs.

Bacteroides- These are opportunistic bacteria, representatives of the normal human microflora. Colonization of the intestine by bacteroids occurs gradually. They are usually not recorded in fecal bacterial maps in children in the first six months of life; in children aged from 7 months to 1 - 2 years, the content of bacteroids does not exceed 10 8 CFU/g. The role of bacteroids is not fully understood, but it has been established that they take part in digestion, break down bile acids, and participate in lipid metabolism.

Staphylococcus- non-hemolytic (epidermal, saprophytic) - are included in the group of saprophytic microflora that enter the body from environmental objects. Their quantity should not exceed 10 4 CFU/g of feces.

Staphylococcus aureus Can be passed on to infants through breast milk. Even small amounts of it can cause pronounced clinical manifestations (severe diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain), especially in children in the first months of life. Therefore, the standards given in the analysis form indicate that it should not exist. The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus directly depends on the state of the normal flora: the more bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and normal Escherichia coli, the less harm from staphylococcus.

In the clinical picture intestinal dysbiosis caused by staphylococcus, there are symptoms associated with intoxication and the inflammatory process developing in the intestines: fever (up to 39 ° C) with chills and sweating, headache, weakness, poor appetite, sleep disturbance, constant or cramping abdominal pain, loose, profuse stools with blood and mucus. The frequency of stools is up to 7 - 10 times a day. Abdominal bloating, prolonged pain along the large intestine, and spasm are recorded. Changes in the blood are characterized by an increase in the number of leukocytes, a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left and an increase in ESR, a decrease in albumin and an increase in globulin fractions, and in severe cases - a decrease in the total protein content (up to 6.1 g/l).

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida- an increase in titers may occur after the use of antibiotics. If the number of fungi is increased, and the amount of normal intestinal flora is sharply reduced, and candidiasis (thrush) of the visible mucous membranes (oral cavity, genitals) is noted - these are manifestations of systemic candidiasis, that is, there is an infection with intestinal fungi.

When yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida are detected in crops up to 10 7 CFU/g of feces, the situation is assessed as intestinal dysbiosis. If more than 10 7 CFU/g of feces is detected in cultures and the clinical picture indicates a generalization of the process (damage to the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs), such cases are considered as candidomycosis or candidomycosis sepsis.

With candidomycosis in children, the pain is localized in the navel area, and there is a feeling of bloating and heaviness in the abdomen. The stool is liquid or pasty with mucus, sometimes with blood or foam, with the presence of whitish-gray or grayish-green mycotic lumps or films up to 6 times or more per day.

Including dysbacteriosis. Having received the form in your hands, you begin to get confused in the names, numbers and degrees. And the line “lactose-negative enterobacteria” is generally puzzling. How to determine which bacteria are pathogenic and which are native and good?

Constipation may be a sign of an increase in lactose-negative enterobacteria.

Lactose-negative enterobacteria are a group of opportunistic microorganisms of varying degrees of pathogenicity.

With normal indicators, this microflora does not have a harmful effect on the body. But with dysbacteriosis, the number of representatives of this flora increases, causing disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs and systems.

The norm for children and adults is considered to be no more than 10*4 per 1 g of feces. An upward change in the numbers indicates a compromised immune system. Signs of exceeding the indicators of lactose-negative enterobacteria:

• violation of defecation - both constipation and;
• the appearance of suspicious inclusions in the stool, green or yellow mucus;
• epigastric pain;
• flatulence and;
• belching and regurgitation of food;
• no increase in temperature is observed;
• development ;
• lactose deficiency.

In children with severe forms of immunodeficiency, pathogens may enter the blood through the intestinal walls. This poses a threat to the little one's life.

Lactose-negative enterobacteria are typical representatives

Escherichia coli is a representative of the group of lactose-negative enterobacteria.

In the analysis form you will see the general indicators of this group and separately for each type of microorganism. The group of lactose-negative enterobacteria includes:

1. hemolyzing Escherichia coli;
2. Klebsiella;
3. proteas;
4. hafnia;
5. serrations;
6. enterobacters;
7. Citrobakers.

Some of them are normal inhabitants in small quantities, others should not be present in the human microflora.

Hemolyzing Escherichia coli

E. coli can cause peritonitis.

is the collective name for a group of more than 100 varieties of this microorganism. This microorganism can only live in an oxygen-free environment. Certain strains are human symbionts.

They live in the intestines and participate in the processes of food digestion. Some species of Escherich's bacillus are pathogens.

For example, its hemolyzing variety. Although this strain may exist and not show itself in any way. As soon as immunity declines, E. coli begins to multiply and can cause the following diseases:

1. pathologies of the urinary system – pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis;
2. diseases of the reproductive system – adnexitis, colpitis, orchitis;
3. septic diseases;
4. meningitis.

Symptoms of dysbacteriosis with a predominance of hemolyzing Escherich bacillus:

• defecation disorder;
• bloating;
• general weakness;
• fatigue;
• fever;
• In babies, green mucus is found in the feces;
• decrease in blood pressure levels.

If other systems are affected, the symptoms will correspond to the diseases caused by E. coli.

Clepsiella

Clepsiella causes pneumonia.

Clepsiella is a collective name for strains of opportunistic microorganisms. They belong to facultative anaerobes.

That is, they can live both in the presence of oxygen and without it. Varieties of this microorganism can cause the following pathologies:

1. lungs – causes pneumonia;
2. conjunctivitis;
3. meningitis;
4. genitourinary disease.

In 1 g of feces there should be no more than 10 * 5 microorganisms. Clepsiella are typical representatives of nosocomial infections. The source of infection is the carrier of the microorganism. It may take several weeks from the moment of infection to the first symptoms.

When the lungs are affected, an increase in temperature is observed, the cough is initially dry, then wet with the discharge of foul-smelling sputum with blood. Without treatment, sepsis develops. The mortality rate is 36%. When the lesion is localized in the nose, foul-smelling rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and fever are observed. When the gastrointestinal tract is damaged, symptoms or enterocolitis develop.

Proteas

With an increase in protogens in the body, dysbiosis occurs.

Proteas are a group of facultative anaerobic microorganisms. It lives in small quantities in the human intestine.

The permissible quantity is no more than 10*4 pcs. per 1 g of fecal matter. The source of infection is a sick person. From the moment of infection until the first symptoms appear, from 6 hours to 3 days.

When the stomach and intestines are affected, defecation disorders develop, body temperature rises, and frequent bowel movements of extremely foul-smelling feces occur. In addition, acute enterocolitis develops.

With a slight increase in the number of pathogens, it develops. The main sign of Proteus infection is watery, foul-smelling stool more than 2 times a day.

When it enters the urinary or reproductive systems, symptoms characteristic of inflammatory processes in these organs are observed.

Hafnia or Hafnia

Haphnia are microorganisms belonging to the class of Enterobacteriaceae. Currently, only 1 species of N. alvei has been described. It belongs to facultative anaerobes and rarely exhibits pathogenic properties. Can cause exacerbation of chronic urinary system and septic pathologies.

This microorganism is difficult to diagnose, and it is rarely the sole cause of the disease. Signs of hafnia infection are similar to the symptoms of salmonellosis - high fever, pain. This pathogen is often confused with E. coli.

Treatment of diseases caused by hafnia is difficult, since the microorganism is resistant to the latest generations, including cephalosporins.

Serrations

Enterobacter - lives in the human large intestine.

Serrations are a widespread microorganism. It is a facultative anaerobe and produces a natural red dye.

Until the 60s of the last century, serration colonies were used as a dye to test air circulation.

It has been proven that 10% of nosocomial infections are caused by these microorganisms. The mortality rate when infected by this bacterium is 26%.

Serrations can be transmitted through hygiene items, catheters, poorly processed medical instruments, and the hands of medical personnel.

Enterobacter - lives in humans. It is considered an opportunistic bacterium and is capable of causing various diseases of the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory systems.

In a urine test, this microorganism should contain no more than 10 * 5 pieces. per 1 ml of biological fluid. In stool analysis – no more than 10*4. If the level of leukocytes in the urine is increased, then the level of Enterobacter 10 * 4 units is critical. Signs of damage by Enterobacter:

• vomit;
• temperature increase;
• chills;
• feverish condition;
• pain in the lumbar region.

Treatment is carried out using antibiotics, bacteriophages, and drugs that improve the body's microflora.

Citrobacter

Enterococci are gram-positive microbes represented by 15 different species. There are non-pathogenic, beneficial species, and opportunistic ones. A large number of the latter can lead to the development of various diseases. Enterococci are round in shape. They cannot form capsules and spores around themselves.

There are several groups: in 80-90% of the bacteria are Enterococcus faecalis, in second place is Enterococcus faecium. There are other, less numerous species.

Benefits of bacteria

For the first time, our body encounters enterococci when they come to us along with mother's milk. Most of it remains in the small and large intestines.

The number of enterococci depends not only on the characteristics of the organism, but also on age. The older a person is, the greater the chance of an increased number of bacteria in the body.

Normal for 1 g. feces should contain no more than 100 million bacteria. If the quantitative characteristics are not higher than this mark, then:

• opportunistic microflora is effectively destroyed;
• rapid absorption and proper distribution of glucose throughout the body occurs;
• vitamins are synthesized;
• carbohydrates begin to be broken down and processed;
• immunity increases.

Some non-pathogenic types of microbes are used in the food industry to ferment milk, reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms in food. Some varieties are also used in medicine. Based on them, drugs are made that can effectively combat,.

Danger

Exceeding normal levels of bacteria can lead to the development of disease. Disruption of the natural balance can lead to an increase in opportunistic microflora.

They become pathogenic when they appear in atypical habitats. This could be the kidneys, urinary tract and other organs. The danger is hidden behind a whole chain of serious diseases; it is important to ensure that the indicators are always normal.

Normal indicators

When studying feces, the following quantities are considered normal:

• for children under 1 year – 10 6 – 10 7.
• for children after 1 year – 10 7 – 10 8.
• for adults – 10 6 – 10 8.

Reasons for appearance

In children, the most common cause is taking medications, hypothermia, or damage to the integrity of the mucous membrane. Sometimes bacteria appear in stool when invasive diagnostic methods are used.

In adults, there are more reasons for the appearance of enterococci in the stool. This may be long-term use of antibiotics, hormonal imbalance in women. Sometimes there is a large number of bacteria in pregnant women as a result of constant surges in estrogen and androgens.

It is usually impossible to become infected with enterococci, since they are natural inhabitants of our body. Their increase may be due to non-compliance with personal hygiene rules and a decrease in immune reactivity.

The latter is possible due to stress and the presence of various infectious pathologies. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and natural human aging are also provoking factors.

Enterococci in stool are increased

The bacteria can cause serious health problems. These include:

• . Infectious disease of the lining of the spinal cord or brain.
• . A painful process associated with the formation of various formations on the walls. Disturbs the processes of normal intestinal motility.
• Pathologies of the genitourinary system. If left untreated, chronic forms may appear that are difficult to treat and cause relapses.
• . Heart disease, which can be acute or chronic. Pathogenic microflora affects the inner lining of the atria, ventricle, and valve apparatus.
• Septic arthritis. It causes infection of the joints.
• . Characterized by superficial inflammation of the stomach lining.
• . A pathology that mainly affects healthy cells of the small intestine.

In infancy, an excessive increase in the number of bacteria can be assumed based on various symptoms. These include the release of foul-smelling feces and bloating. The child may become whiny and refuse to eat.

In adults, signs of an increase in pathogenic microflora are not only symptoms characteristic of a particular disease, but also depression, weakness, and increased fatigue. In men, potency may suffer.

If they are demoted?

Sometimes the indicators are reduced. This may occur for physiological reasons. It has no diagnostic information. Sudden growth can trigger severe inflammatory reactions.

Diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria

It is possible to identify the cause of a disease caused by an increased number of enterococci only using laboratory research methods.

In addition, a smear may be required. The latter is used in most cases in women, since bacteria often cause vaginitis and other inflammations of the genital tract.

If enterococci appear in large numbers, then blood tests may be required to determine the inflammatory reaction. Other diagnostic methods are selected taking into account the specific course of the pathology.

Treatment

Over the past 30 years, enterococci have become resistant to almost all known classes of antibiotics. Despite this, such drugs are among the main ones for the treatment of pathology.

To reduce the risk of developing resistance, combinations of different antimicrobial drugs are used. Additionally, culture is carried out to determine the degree of sensitivity of the enterococcus strain to a particular drug.

Most often, for mild pathologies, aminoglycosides are used. Additionally, immunomodulators may be prescribed. Helping restore the body's protective properties.

Beneficial enterococci allow you to cope with pathogenic microflora. Therefore, they are sold in the form of special products. Probiotics are intended to treat dysbiosis and restore normal gastrointestinal microflora.

Popular and well-known means are Bifiform, Linex. To create such drugs, strains that were selected for the food industry are often used. Such strains are not designed to remain in the body for too long.

If the growth of enterococci is too large, liquid bacteriophage is used. It can be given to children in the first months of life. The bacteriophage can be drunk or used for an enema.

In conclusion, we note that maintaining the normal growth of microflora in the intestines is easy if you follow the correct diet and take walks in the fresh air.

Doctors remind that bad habits reduce the body's defenses. Therefore, it is recommended to abandon them and focus on regular sports and hardening. Particular attention is paid to infants. Their immunity is not yet fully formed, so you need to monitor their proper nutrition.

From a morphological point of view, these groups are not different. The differences lie in the ability to produce enterotropic toxins.

When these substances enter the intestines, they can cause diarrhea in humans. They are distinguished by both resistance to elevated temperatures and instability and rapid destruction.

Each group of representatives of a culture of microorganisms with mild enzymatic properties causes a clinical picture with characteristic symptoms.

Decrease in the total number of rods with normal enzymatic activity

If a decrease in the total number of rods with normal enzymatic activity in a pure culture is observed in the body, this is a sign of the presence of helminthiasis or protozoa - amoebiasis, giardiasis. This leads to a decrease in the number of bifidobacteria in the intestines.

The reduction does not imply the need to prescribe special drugs. Causes:

1. The presence of a focus of chronic infection in the human body.
2. Worm infestation.
3. Intoxication of various origins.

After the source of infection or infestation is eliminated, the amount of normal bacteria in the body is restored without outside help. Accompanying the rapid restoration of normal intestinal microflora is the introduction of water-soluble B vitamins into the body.

Attempts to increase the amount using drugs containing a live culture provoke the development of an inflammatory process and more.

Escherichia with reduced enzymatic activity

Escherichia coli with reduced tryptophan synthetase activity is not pathogenic, but disrupts the normal microflora in the intestine. The tryptophan molecule is involved in metabolic processes; a decrease in the amount of this amino acid in the body leads to a number of pathological conditions.

Escherichia coli with mild enzymatic properties is combined with clinical signs of dysbiosis. Proteolytic enzymes of the rod are produced in insufficient quantities.

A microorganism with weak enzymatic abilities does not compete with pathogenic microorganisms. Functionally, there is a decrease in its activity.

In a normal stool analysis, E. coli, whose enzymatic activity is below normal, does not exceed 10% of the number of microorganisms.