Cycle 31 days when ovulation reviews. The menstrual cycle is not always stable. Late ovulation and delayed menstruation

The female body is a great mystery! And like inexplicable events in nature, changes in the phases of the moon, a woman’s life also changes. Many scientists have noticed that the cyclical nature of the heavenly body is reflected in a girl’s menstrual cycle. But sometimes there are storms, and a woman’s health is susceptible to changes from the outside and disturbances occur in the body, which can bring a lot of inconvenience to a woman’s life, and most importantly, deprive her of the opportunity to experience the joy of motherhood!

Let's figure out what a normal menstrual cycle is

This is a cyclical, monthly period in the life of every healthy woman, except for the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, starting from the first day of the appearance of bleeding (menstruation) and until the first day of the next period. Normally, this period ranges from 21 to 35 days, plus or minus 3 days. If the cycle is shorter or longer, then we can already talk about pathology and sound the alarm. Menstrual cycle plays a huge role in reproductive function women and is necessary for the ability to fertilize, bear and give birth to children.

A girl becomes a girl with the onset of her first period (menarche), which usually begins between 11 and 14 years of age. They may be irregular at first, but after a couple of years the cycle becomes established. And throughout life it is stable, until the period of premenopause, somewhere around 40–50 years.

From birth, a girl’s ovaries contain up to 2 million follicles; by the beginning of menarche, there are up to 400 thousand of them left. One menstrual cycle “uses” one ripening follicle to release an egg.

Cyclic changes normally in women have a two-phase cycle and are clearly controlled by the hormonal mechanism of influence of the endocrine glands.

Normal parameters of the menstrual cycle:

• The duration of the cycle is from 21 to 35 days. On average 28 days.
• The duration of menstruation is from 2 to 7 days. On average 5 days.
• Conditional blood loss is from 40 to 60 ml. On average 50 ml.

Cycle phases

• The first phase, or follicular. During this period, the follicle grows and matures in the ovaries under the influence of hormones from the pituitary gland and hypothalamus (follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH). An egg is released from a mature follicle during ovulation (the middle of the menstrual cycle), ready for fertilization.
• The second phase, or luteal. During this phase, again under the influence of brain hormones (luteinizing hormone or LH), the corpus luteum matures, releasing the follicle egg. If, nevertheless, pregnancy occurs during ovulation, then from this follicle a corpus luteum pregnancy, producing progesterone up to 16 weeks, the high level of which helps maintain pregnancy. And at 16 weeks, the placenta takes over this function.

Parallel to the ovaries, cyclic hormonal influence The endometrium in the uterus is also affected.

The endometrium, as is known, consists of several layers, the superficial layers are represented by the functional and intermediate layers. The basal layer is not rejected during menstruation, but ensures the restoration of the rejected layers. The intermediate one, being rejected, comes out in the form of menstruation.

Highlight cyclical changes in the endometrium in the form of the following phases:

• Proliferation (follicular phase). The active hormone in this phase is estrogen. It lasts from the 5th day of the cycle for 12–14 days. During this period it grows surface layer endometrium with tubular glands up to 8 mm thick.
• Secretion (luteal phase). During this phase, both progesterone and estrogen levels increase and lasts approximately 14 days. During this period, the tubular glands begin to produce secretions, the peak of which is reached on the 21st day of the cycle. Blood flow to the endometrial arteries increases on the 22nd day of the cycle, creating favorable conditions for implantation of the zygote.
• Menstruation. When pregnancy does not occur, due to the low amount of hormones produced by the ovary, blood supply to the endometrium decreases, blood clots and spasms form in the vessels, and then their sharp expansion leads to endometrial rejection. This is observed by the 24th–27th day of the cycle. Menstruation itself consists of the following phases:

1. Desquamation (rejection of the functional layer).
2. Regeneration (healing of the functional layer). This phase begins immediately after the endometrial intermediate layer is shed. The basis for this, as mentioned above, is the basal layer. And on the 4th day, epithelization of the entire surface of the endometrium occurs after its rejection.

Continuous cyclical process of friendly reproductive organs– glands, ovaries and endometrium, throughout the entire menstrual cycle promotes maturation, release of the egg from the ovary and its fertilization, attachment to the already prepared endometrium (thanks to the two-phase cycle) and further development and maintaining pregnancy to a greater extent by ovarian hormones. If fertilization does not occur, then the functional layer (necessary during pregnancy for the embryo to attach to it and ensure its vital activity) is rejected in the form of menstruation.

The process of regulation of the cyclic process is carried out by the neuroendocrine system through direct and feedback hormones, i.e. when some hormones decrease, others increase and vice versa. There is the following hierarchy of levels of regulation of the menstrual cycle:

1. The first level is the cerebral cortex, limbic system, hippocampus and amygdala. Influence top level depends on its initial state, action external factors. Therefore, menstrual irregularities often depend on mental state women, and sometimes you can observe a delay in menstruation after suffering stress.
2. The second level is the hypothalamus. It is influenced by the feedback principle of sex hormones coming from the blood.
3. The third level is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which produces LH and FSH, prolactin, adenocorticotropic and thyroid-stimulating hormones.
4. The fourth level is the ovaries, thyroid and adrenal glands.
5. The fifth level is sensitive to the action of hormones (uterus, endometrium and mammary gland).

But, unfortunately, not all women have a regular menstrual cycle and work like a clock. All violations are divided into the following categories:

• Irregularity of the cycle.
• Pain when releasing menstrual blood.

Reasons why the menstrual cycle is disrupted

• Impact on the body from the outside - stress, overwork, malnutrition, change of place of residence and climate.
• Internal factors – accompanying illnesses(pathology of the ovaries, central nervous system, adrenal glands, endometrial diseases, curettage of the uterine cavity and abortions, liver diseases, impaired hemostasis, etc.).
• Under the influence medicinal substances(hormones, anticoagulants, drugs used in psychiatry, etc.).

Types of menstrual irregularities

Menorrhagia (hypermenstrual syndrome)– cyclic heavy menstruation. It in turn is divided into:

• Polymenorrhea – prolonged bleeding, occurring cyclically with an interval of less than 21 days.
• Proyomenorrhea – increased menstruation.
• Hypermenorrhea – a large number of menstrual flow.

Hypomenstrual syndrome – external manifestation decreased menstruation:

• Hypomenorrhea – scanty menstrual flow.
• Oligomenorrhea – duration of menstruation up to 2 days.
• Opsomenorea is an interval between menstruation of more than 5–8 weeks.
• Spaniomenorea - mensis is observed up to 2-4 times a year.
• Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for more than 6 months.

• – bleeding that began a year or more after the cessation of menstruation in older women.
• Metrorrhagia – acyclic bleeding, not accompanied by endometrial rejection.
• Intermenstrual bleeding – occurs between periods.
• Algodismenorrhea – painful menstruation.
• Juvenile bleeding – profuse bloody issues in teenage girls.

Treatment of menstrual disorders

After full examination women, including collection of anamnesis, detailed general and gynecological examination, performing ultrasound, taking smears, clinical and biochemical analysis blood test, coagulogram, hormonal examination, hysteroscopy, and sometimes an MRI, you can begin treatment.

1. First of all, it is necessary to exclude the influence of external factors.
2. Treatment of concomitant diseases.
3. Hemostatic therapy is provided for bleeding.
4. Surgical treatment (curettage of the uterine cavity, removal of the uterus).
5. Hormonal therapy. Use combined oral contraceptives, gestagens, GnRH agonists.

Self-medication is extremely unacceptable! This is dangerous for a woman's life. If menstrual irregularities occur, you should seek help from medical institution, because delay can lead to inflammation in mild cases, endocrine disorders, infertility, and in as a last resort- To fatal outcome. Take care of yourself and your health - it is priceless!

When the ovulatory period begins, the body becomes completely ready to conceive a baby. Therefore, women who want to get pregnant begin to calculate ovulatory days in order to accurately determine the most favorable day for conception. If, with a standard 28-day cycle, the egg is released in the middle, then what should girls with less or big cycle. If the cycle is 30 days, then when will ovulation occur, how to make error-free calculations and feel the onset of day X if a woman, for example, has late ovulation?

Ovulation is a certain female condition when a mature germ cell, ready for fertilization, emerges from the ovary. In fact, ovulation is the stage of the cycle that follows between the follicle-stimulating and luteinizing phases.

In most women, maturation and exit female cage is regular, systematic, repeating every 20-35 days. And the frequency of ovulatory periods is regulated by follicular and gonadotropic hormonal substances. At the beginning female cycle the birth of many cells occurs, developing in the follicular structures of the ovary. One of them is much ahead in development of the others, acquiring dominant status.

The duration of development and maturation of the egg is about 11-15 days. By the time the dominant follicle finally matures, it ruptures and the cell comes out. All these processes are controlled by the estrogen hormone. But when the cell finally matures, estrogen drops, and instead the level of progesterone rises sharply. It is this hormonal surge that causes the follicle to rupture when ovulation occurs. From this moment until the end of the cycle, progesterone is responsible for all processes associated with the egg.

The ovulatory period lasts about 12-48 hours, which is determined by individual characteristics female body. When ovulation is completed, the next phase of the cycle begins - luteinizing, when conception becomes impossible. There are many ways to calculate the ovulatory phase, some of them are more accurate than others, but each one deserves attention.

How to calculate ovulation for a 30-day cycle

IN in some cases additional examinations are required

When a woman for a long time cannot get pregnant, then she involuntarily begins to calculate favorable days of the cycle for successful conception. In other words, the ovulatory day begins to count. Experts recommend calculating ovulation using a simple formula. From the expected start date next menstruation you need to subtract 14 days, since the duration of the luteinizing phase is normally exactly 2 weeks.

So, we are interested in when the ovulatory period will begin if the cycle is 30 days. From 30 (cycle duration) we subtract 14 (days of the second stage of the cycle). It turns out 16, which means that on day 16 ovulation should occur in a 30-day cycle, but some discrepancy of ±2 days is allowed. It is by this principle that they calculate on what day the egg matures and is released with other indicators.

If a woman’s cycle duration is unstable, then calculate the onset of ovulatory period the calendar method will be problematic. In such situations, you can use other methods to calculate the date of release of the female cell, which include ultrasound monitoring, testing with pharmaceutical strips and basal measurements.

Ultrasound monitoring

This method of determining the ovulatory phase is also called phylliculometry. The purpose of this study is to monitor follicular growth and egg release from the ovary.

• With a 30-day cycle, ultrasound monitoring begins on the 10-11th day of the cycle, i.e. approximately 4-5 days before the middle of the monthly cycle.
• Subsequent sessions of ultrasound monitoring of the egg are carried out every two days and last until the egg is released.
• The onset of the ovulatory period is confirmed ultrasound diagnostics, when the day before the size of the follicle was 20-24 mm, and now the growth of the yellow-bodied gland has begun.
• The procedure can be performed through the vagina or through abdominal wall.
• During intravaginal examination, no preliminary preparation is required, the main thing is to empty the bladder.
• During abdominal examination it is carried out traditional examination through the abdominal wall. In order for it to pass without difficulties, three days before monitoring it is necessary to exclude all foods that can cause flatulence or bloating, and on the day of the examination it is necessary not to eat and drink at least a liter of water.

Ultrasound monitoring requires certain financial costs, but it is the most accurate method of determining the date when ovulation occurs. There are also less expensive methods for determining the onset of ovulation.

Basal measurements

Measurements are taken in the morning, immediately after waking up

Correct measurement basal temperature will help determine whether the patient has normal, early or late ovulation. This is one of the simplest ways to determine auspicious days for conception. To use it, it is necessary to measure rectal temperature daily for several months. This should be done after waking up in the morning, but you cannot get out of bed. I just woke up, and right after the thermometer. All results must be scrupulously noted on a special graph. At the end of the cycle, all points with measurement results are connected into a broken graph. During menstruation, measurements are not taken.

On the days when the chart showed sharp decline, and then a rapid increase in temperature, and ovulation occurs. It is better to use simple mercury thermometers for measurements, although electronic ones will do just fine. The main thing is to make all measurements with the same thermometer, then the results will be as accurate as possible. With the help of such a graph, a woman can easily determine fertile days, as well as the nature of egg maturation (early or late ovulation), etc.

Testing

More in a simple way The use of special pharmaceutical strip strips is considered to determine the ovulatory phase. Such tests are available in any pharmacy outlets. Since we are interested in ovulation in a cycle of 30 days, we need to start taking measurements from about day 13. If ovulation is not observed, then the second stripe will be absent. But the day before or on the 15th day, the test line will be as bright as the control line. This sign indicates that the upcoming ovulatory period is coming, which should be expected in the next 24 hours.

Testing is carried out in a similar way to tests to detect conception. You need to immerse the strip in a container with fresh urine for a few seconds, then place it on a dry surface and after about five minutes read the result. If the test strip appears, but the control strip is missing, then the testing is considered unreliable, since such a test is flawed and cannot show the correct, true result.

Signs of egg release

A woman can determine the onset of ovulation by internal sensations, external signs and various changes in the body. The ovulatory period may not always reveal itself with pronounced manifestations; some women do not have any symptoms. But experts say that if you listen to your inner feelings, you can feel the time when the egg will leave the ovary.

First signs

You can guess the approaching onset of the ovulatory phase by various symptoms.

If a girl has long reached puberty and reproductive age, and there are no signs of ovulation, that is, there is a possibility that anovulation is occurring. In addition, the absence of any ovulatory signs indicates the patient's probable infertility. The main thing is to notice the problem in a timely manner and contact a specialist who will select the medications necessary to correct the cycle.

Symptoms of the onset of the ovulatory period

As mentioned above, with the onset of the ovulatory period changes occur with cervical mucus, which becomes more abundant and liquefies, acquiring the consistency of egg white. It is with these secretions that the body tells a woman that she is ready to conceive. Concerning basal rates temperatures, then before the immediate onset of ovulation they fall, and the very next day they rise sharply. It is after this increase that you need to wait for the release of the egg. Those couple of days when there is a slight increase in temperature are considered the most fertile, when the chances of conception are maximum.

Before the onset of the ovulatory phase, serious hormonal changes occur associated with an increase in the production of luteinizing hormone. By the way, tests for determining ovulation work on the principles of identifying this hormone, or, more precisely, on its reaction with certain chemicals. Also, some malaise, pain in the abdomen and nagging discomfort in the lumbar region indicate that ovulation has begun.

Also, the onset of the ovulatory phase is indicated by such signs as increased libido, swelling of the mammary glands, sudden mood swings and excessive, chronic fatigue, tearfulness and tearfulness.

Early and late ovulation

Ovulatory periods are late or occur later than usual, i.e. early and late ovulation. If, in a 30-day cycle, the cell matures on days 11-12, then such ovulation is considered early, but if it began later due date, then late ovulatory phase. Such shifts can occur against the background of frequent sexual intercourse, a debilitating diet, severe physical activity, hormonal disorders, diseases, etc.

At the same time, the probability of conception remains depending on how many days ovulation lasts. In fact, this action only takes a few minutes while the cell ruptures the follicle and gets out of it. That's it, ovulation actually happened. But in medicine, it is customary to call the ovulatory period not only the time when a female cell is released, but also the period of its existence.

If the egg does not come out

In some cases, ovulation does not occur at all during the cycle, then they speak of anovulation. Even in the healthiest patients, cells are not able to mature in every cycle; approximately a couple of cycles remain without ovulation, which is quite normal. Gradually, there are more and more such cycles as the body ages and follicular reserves are depleted. By the age of 35, almost every second or third cycle is anovulatory. Besides physiological reasons, such a state can be provoked by a variety of psycho-emotional experiences, stress, inflammatory pathologies genitals and genitourinary system, dysfunctional disorders of the activity of intraorganic structures, etc.

So, calculating the ovulatory period is not at all difficult, even on your own. If traditional home methods like basal charts or ovulatory pharmacy tests do not give results, then you need to contact specialists who, if necessary, will conduct ultrasound monitoring.

Any woman needs to know what day of her cycle ovulation usually occurs. This will help plan your pregnancy. Moreover, you can try to choose the gender of the child if you know exact days for conception.

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It is ovulation that makes it possible to become a happy mother, so you should understand what day of the cycle it begins on. If the female body is healthy and works like a clock, there are no problems with calculations the right day will not arise. Otherwise, you will have to resort to the help of specialists.

It happens that a woman has calculated the day on which the long-awaited ovulation should begin, but it does not come. This means that there is some kind of malfunction in the body and you need to urgently consult a doctor. Let's take a closer look at this issue.

Every woman needs to know

When to expect this phenomenon

After ovulation, a mature egg leaves the follicle to merge with a sperm. He, in turn, lives a maximum of 7 days, and usually no more than three. Life cycle eggs is 12-24 hours. Therefore, you need to calculate on what day of the menstrual cycle a woman ovulates.

There are several main points:

• the menstrual cycle should be counted from the first day of menstruation of the past month to the first day of the next menstruation;
• the egg may not mature if there is any disruption in the woman’s orgasm, the problem will have to be solved by an experienced gynecologist;
• you can start counting on what day of your cycle the long-awaited ovulation should occur, but your period does not come, in this case you also need to contact a specialist.

If there is no suitable time

You can scrupulously calculate on what day ovulation will occur when the cycle lasts 27-29 days, but it never comes. This usually occurs due to problems in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Dysfunction is caused by:

• genetic factor;
• inflamed genitals;
• stress.

It could also be due to any infection, affecting menstruation, or climate change when traveling on vacation. Research by scientists has led to an unexpected conclusion. It turns out that it doesn’t matter what day ovulation occurs, if the cycle is 25-26 days, the egg will be released from the ovary only if the woman has at least 18% body fat. Estrogen accumulates in them and the androgen hormone, which is responsible for the process, is converted. Thus, a lack of hormones leads to serious problems: absence of menstruation. However, a similar thing can happen if a woman has overweight bodies.

Testing for sexually transmitted infections

It also happens that a woman is confident in her health, so she calculates on what day of her menstrual cycle the long-awaited ovulation will occur, but it does not occur. There's nothing to worry about here, because this phenomenon happens even to absolutely healthy women. The number of such anovulatory cycles increases every year. For example, up to 30 years old their number is 2-3 per year, and for 40 years old it is already 4-8.

In any case, you need to find out the reason for what happened. It is necessary to undergo examination by an endocrinologist or gynecologist to get advice or competent treatment. Most likely you will have to:

• undergo an ultrasound examination of the ovaries, pancreas and thyroid glands;
• take tests for the presence of sexually transmitted infections, hormone levels;
• take blood and urine tests.

If ovulation is not observed for more than a year, although sex life occurs regularly, treatment is prescribed. Doctors usually prescribe the medication Clostilbegit. This medicine includes hormones that stimulate the desired process.

The medication is quite effective. According to statistics, 15% of women became pregnant during the first month, and another 50% in the second month.

You should not carry out treatment yourself. Therapy should proceed under the vigilant supervision of a physician so that he can monitor the body's reaction. Otherwise there is a risk of developing serious complications. Before prescribing a medication, a woman needs to undergo an examination and be sure to take several tests:

• blood test to check immunity to rubella;
• patency of the fallopian tubes;
• cultures to detect gardnerella, mycoplasma, trichomonas, ureaplasma, chlamydia, candida;
• smear for oncocytology;
• analysis for hepatitis group C, B;
• test for HIV, syphilis.

During the appointment, the doctor tells the patient on what day of the menstrual cycle the process of ovulation stimulation should begin. Usually the drug is taken from days 5 to 9 of the cycle. If additional stimulation is carried out using Puregon, then from 3 to 7 days.

Therapy with these drugs should not exceed 6 courses in a row. Otherwise, ovarian depletion may develop, which is dangerous. early menopause. When treatment doesn't work required result after the third course, the doctor usually reconsiders the treatment methods.

Premature release of the egg

Sometimes ovulation occurs ahead of time. This happens for a number of reasons.

1. Various pathologies.
2. Strong physical activity.
3. Climate change, lifestyle change or severe stress.
4. Sudden weight gain or loss.
5. Drug treatment.

These factors are not always noticeable to a woman. She continues to live as before, but the body begins hormonal disbalance, which can affect the duration of menstruation, as a result of which the egg is released earlier than expected.

Long-awaited pregnancy

This shift in the body will not affect your health in any way unless you are planning to become pregnant and are not using calendar method for contraception. However, the early release of an egg can be a surprise in several cases:

• IVF was prescribed, so medications must be taken strictly after ovulation;
• you think it is impossible to conceive a child after menstruation.

If you have a cycle of 33 days or more, it is very important to calculate on what day ovulation begins so as not to miss so much an important event. To do this, you need to closely monitor your well-being and body signals. Need to.

1. Measure your basal temperature regularly. It is best to measure it at the same time and record the readings in a notepad.
2. Monitor vaginal discharge.
3. Conduct special tests that can detect a surge in luteinizing hormone.
4. Conduct an ultrasound examination to assess follicle growth (folliculometry).
5. Take tests to track hormone levels (FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol).

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Attention!

The information published on the website is for informational purposes only and is intended for informational purposes only. Site visitors should not use them as medical recommendations! The site editors do not recommend self-medication. Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your attending physician! Remember that only full diagnostics and therapy under the supervision of a doctor will help you completely get rid of the disease!

The article will tell you how to determine or calculate ovulation at home.

A woman who knows about her ovulation can allow herself to get pregnant faster or, on the contrary, protect herself from an unplanned pregnancy.

How to calculate ovulation for conception?

You can determine ovulation in the following ways:

• According to ultrasound. The procedure will not calculate for you the exact date release of the egg, but definitely about the absence or approach of ovulation
• By monthly
• By basal temperature
• According to the ovulation test
• Based on how you feel and body signals

IMPORTANT: Read more about each item below

How to calculate ovulation by menstruation?

There is a common myth that ovulation occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle, i.e. on the 14th day from the start of the next menstruation. This statement is truly a myth, since the day of ovulation directly depends on the length of the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle consists of two phases: the follicular and corpus luteum phase.

More or less has general indicators The duration of the second phase is 12-16 days. As you can see, the average number is really 14. But the countdown does not start from the first day of menstruation, but from last day cycle, i.e. days before the start of the next period.

When is ovulation in a 21 day cycle?

With a 21-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 5–9 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 23-day cycle?

With a 23-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 7–11 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 24 day cycle?

With a 24-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 8-12 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 25 day cycle?

With a 25-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 9–13 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 26-day cycle?

With a 26-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 10-14 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 27 day cycle?

When is ovulation in a 28 day cycle?

With a 28-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 12–16 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 29 day cycle?

With a 29-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 13–17 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 30 day cycle?

With a 30-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 14–18 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 31 day cycle?

With a 31-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 15-19 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 32 day cycle?

With a 32-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 16-20 from the first day of menstruation.

When does ovulation occur in a 33-day cycle?

With a 33-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 17–21 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 34-day cycle?

With a 34-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 18-22 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 35 day cycle?

With a 35-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 19-23 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 36 day cycle?

With a 36-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 20–24 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 37 day cycle?

With a 37-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 21–25 from the first day of your period.

When is ovulation in a 38 day cycle?

With a 38-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 22–26 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 39 day cycle?

With a 39-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 23–27 from the first day of menstruation.

When is ovulation in a 40 day cycle?

With a 40-day cycle, ovulation will occur on days 24-28 from the first day of your period.

IMPORTANT: A woman’s body is a delicate matter, so the numbers may, although rarely, vary

How to calculate ovulation with an irregular cycle?

• You cannot calculate the day of ovulation using your periods. After all, to calculate you need to know the length of the cycle, and you know this when irregular cycle you can not
• According to the ovulation test. The first problem with this method is that it is difficult to guess on what day to take the test. The second problem is that the test may show false positive result. This is explained by the fact that cycle failure often indicates hormonal problems in organism. And if hormones are not produced according to norms, then the production of the hormone in large quantities, than it should be, can provoke a false test reaction

• According to symptoms. This method also works for irregular periods. More information about the method can be found below.

• Ultrasound. You can do an ultrasound, but with a 45-day cycle, you will have to attend many ultrasounds, tracking the dynamics of follicle growth. And this will cost you a pretty penny

• Measuring basal temperature is a fairly effective method for irregular cycles. But you should first make a chart of your basal temperature for 3 months, noting the exact readings every day. This will allow you to understand what temperature jump occurs during ovulation in your body. Read more about basal temperature during ovulation and conception below and in the article

How to calculate your ovulation cycle?

To create an ovulation cycle, you should record your cycle duration for 6 months. Based on the results, make the following calculations:

• Subtract 11 from the longest cycle
• Subtract 18 from the shortest cycle
• The period between the received days and will be the most likely for the onset of ovulation

Example.

Most long cycle was 36 days. Do simple calculations: 36-11=25 day of the cycle.

The shortest cycle was 28 days. 28-18=10 day of the menstrual cycle.

This means that the most likely period for the onset of ovulation and conception in specific woman is the interval between days 10 and 26 of the cycle. That is, there are 16 probable days for it.

Ovulation test

Detailed information about ovulation tests is presented in the article

Basal temperature during ovulation

Basal temperature readings are one of the methods for determining the onset of ovulation. But one measurement will not be enough for you, since each woman will have her own indicators:

• In order for the information to be reliable, you need to make a graph of basal temperature for the last three months
• You need to measure your temperature every day at the same time (read the next section for how to measure your basal temperature correctly)
• After 3 months, make a chart from the first day of the cycle to the last for each month
• During the first phase of the cycle, the basal temperature will be below 37 C
• Then you will see a decrease of several degrees (you may not notice this short period)
• After which there will be a sharp jump
• This will be a signal about the onset of ovulation
• This temperature is elevated and will remain until the onset of next cycle or will grow during pregnancy

When the system may fail:

• Woman taking hormonal drugs
• Woman taking other strong medications
• The woman drank alcohol
• Disorders in the body: failure hormonal system, women's problems
• The rules for measuring basal temperature were violated (read more about them in the next section of this article)
• Climate change

IMPORTANT: If in any month the temperature does not rise above 37 C, do not worry. This can happen 1-2 times a year. It's called anovulatory cycle, i.e. cycle without ovulation

Signals to see a doctor:

• Anovulatory cycle occurred more than twice
• Basal temperature rises only towards the end of the cycle, and not during the expected period of ovulation
• The temperature rises and falls throughout the cycle
• If after the onset of menstruation the temperature has not returned to its lower levels, but continues to remain high

IMPORTANT: All information provided will only be valid if correct measurement basal temperature (read more below)

Measuring basal temperature to determine ovulation

In order for temperature measurement to be practical, you must comply clearly and strictly rules for measuring temperature:

• Take measurements rectally
• Take your temperature early in the morning while lying in bed. Best time- 7 am
• Use a mercury thermometer
• 5 hours before the measurement you should sleep peacefully
• Place the thermometer next to you so as not to make any body movements. You shouldn’t even shake off the thermometer, prepare it in advance
• Take the measurement for 5-10 minutes
• Take out the thermometer, holding it by its tip. Otherwise you may affect the temperature
• If you make a schedule, then measurements should be carried out at the same time, plus or minus a maximum of 30 minutes

Pain before ovulation

Pain before ovulation can be:

• In the chest area
• In the abdominal area

Chest pain.

Breast pain before ovulation is triggered by a surge of hormones as the body prepares for conception. Pain does not occur often; discomfort occurs more often. This is not a reason to go to the doctor unless they continue long time.

Stomach ache.

The pain is concentrated in the area of ​​the ovary, in which the cell matures and comes out. Every month you may feel pain with different sides. The pain should not be severe. If they are so strong that it is difficult for you to walk or you lose consciousness, consult a doctor immediately. If the pain is not severe, tolerable and only continues during the ovulation period, then there is nothing to worry about, because this is a normal physiological process.

IMPORTANT: Not every woman feels pain. But if you feel severe pain, or increase in temperature, headache, vomiting, dizziness, or if the pain continues for a long time - consult a doctor

Discharge before ovulation

Discharge before ovulation increases significantly. This is explained physiologically and should not scare you.

In addition to the increase in quantity, you may also notice a change in the consistency of the discharge:

• As a rule, discharge before ovulation has the appearance and consistency of raw egg white
• Color can be white, yellow, pink

IMPORTANT: Discharge cannot be one sign of ovulation. Compare this sign with other more accurate ones

How many days does ovulation last?

Ovulation lasts for different sources from 12 to 48 hours. That is, this is the period when the egg is viable and ready for fertilization.

If you have set yourself the goal of determining when ovulation occurs in your body, then you should choose the most accurate methods, or a combination of less accurate ones.

Video: How to determine the day of ovulation?

A monthly cycle of 31 days is one of the norms and a fairly common occurrence.

A gap of 31 days means a long follicular half of the cycle. The body needs more time to mature the oocyte. Regulation of the cycle in female body occurs thanks to the neuroendocrine system.

How many days should pass between periods? There is no specific answer to this question, since each woman’s body works in a special mode, so the length of the cycle is different for everyone. Reproductive system goes through the entire process of preparation for conception and implantation of the embryo.

During the cycle between menstruation, a “dominant” follicle is formed in the body, a mature egg is released, the necessary endometrial layer in the uterus is prepared, and the corpus luteum is formed (to support pregnancy). If the cycle is too short or, conversely, too long, the above processes may be disrupted. Single failures are not dangerous, but if they are repeated frequently, you should consult a doctor.

How to calculate phases?

If the menstrual cycle is 31 days, then ovulation will occur approximately between the 15th and 19th days of the cycle. How to make calculations? The calendar method comes to the rescue. This method is suitable only in the absence of any pathologies and a regular cycle.

The normal menstrual cycle consists of follicular and progesterone phases. The first phase can last a different number of days, but the second always lasts 2 weeks (14 days). During the transition from one phase to another, ovulation occurs.

The duration of the cycle is calculated from the 1st day of one menstruation to the 1st day of the next. When the cycle is 31 days, the first phase will be 17 days, and the second will be 14 days. This means ovulation occurs on day 17 (this is the fertile period when the possibility of getting pregnant is especially high). The calculation error can be up to 2 days.

When calculating for conception in this way, the reliability is 30%. To accurately determine the onset of ovulation, ultrasound monitoring (ultrasound) and determination of luteinizing hormone (LH level) using a test are recommended. The test is 99% accurate.

Duration of the ovulatory period

How long does ovulation last? Everything is purely individual. Regardless of the length of the menstrual cycle, the duration of the ovulatory period is almost always from 12 to 48 hours. The period of 48 hours is the actual viability of the egg.

The duration of the ovulatory period is affected by:

The cycle can also change after childbirth, within 3 months after an abortion and when the body is preparing for menopause (after 40 years). Depending on how many days ovulation lasts, your chances of getting pregnant change.(for pregnancy to occur, sexual intercourse must occur approximately 3 days before ovulation begins, but no later than 24 hours after).

How can you determine the duration of the ovulatory period?

• By visiting a gynecologist, passing chemical analysis blood.
• By using ultrasound examination(the most accurate method).
• Through measuring basal temperature (home method).
• And also using a standard test.

It helps to determine how many days the ability to conceive remains independent analysis discharge.

Before ovulation, the amount of discharge increases. In the first days after menstruation, the discharge is completely unnoticeable; with the onset of the ovulatory period, the discharge becomes liquid (in some cases sticky), During the release of the egg, the discharge becomes mucous, and before the onset of menstruation it becomes watery..