Prolonged bleeding. Bleeding: symptoms and classification, first aid, treatment

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Sometimes women turn to a gynecologist due to bleeding from the uterus. Such a deviation can occur at any age, both during pregnancy and without it. There may be several reasons for this pathology, and we’ll talk about them.

Types and causes of appearance

There are several types of blood discharge. This:

Nongenital or extragenital.
Genital, which are associated with pregnancy.
Genital, which are not related to pregnancy.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).

You should also know the following division of bleeding:

Juvenile in nature. Occurs during puberty in girls. Severe mental overload, frequent illness, poor nutrition, etc. can contribute.
Profuse. Not accompanied by pain. Consequence of abortion or vaginal infection, side effect of contraceptives, etc.
Acyclic. Occurs between menstruation. Such bleeding occurs with erosion, endometriosis, fibroids or cysts.
Hypotonic. The reason for its appearance is low myometrial tone (after delivery or abortion).
Anovulatory. Develops in adolescence and in women during menopause. If nothing is done, a malignant neoplasm may develop.

Non-genital bleeding

Occur due to infection with certain diseases.

Bleeding can be caused by diseases such as:

measles;
typhus;
FLU;
sepsis;
liver cirrhosis;
hemophilia;
hemorrhagic vasculitis;
atherosclerosis.

Sometimes the reason lies in high blood pressure or improper functioning of the thyroid gland.

Genital bleeding (during pregnancy)

If in women bloody discharge is associated with the genitals, then it is genital.

Early in pregnancy, blood loss occurs due to:

ectopic pregnancy;
diseases of the ovum (hydatidiform mole or the presence of a malignant neoplasm).

If the cervix bleeds during pregnancy at a later stage, this may be a sign of:

placental presentation;
presence of scars on the uterus;
early placental abruption.

During delivery, bleeding is associated with:

low location of the placenta, its presentation or premature detachment;
uterine rupture;
violation of the integrity of the birth canal.

After delivery this happens due to:

endometritis;
fibroids;
trauma during the birth process;
chorionepitheliomas;
decreased uterine tone.

Genital (without pregnancy)

If the lady is not pregnant, then bleeding may also be present between menstruation. The reason lies in:

the presence of a tumor in the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes;
rupture of the ovary or cystic formation on it;
organ injury after sexual contact or others;
inflammation or infectious damage to the organ (cervicitis, endometritis, vaginitis, erosions, etc.).

Blood loss occurs with various dysfunctional disorders. More about this.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

If a woman experiences blood loss in the form of menstruation at the right time, about 50-60 ml of blood is lost - this is the norm. If there is prolonged bleeding after menstruation and there is more than 70 ml, this is a sign of dysfunction, that is, DUB.

If the bleeding is long and heavy, it is called menorrhagia. If it occurs between menstruation – metrorrhagia.

Often such dysfunction occurs in women after 30 years of age. Hormonal surges, improper functioning of the thyroid and adrenal glands, lead to ovulation disorders.

May also arise due to:

nervous overstrain, stressful situations;
overwork, both physical and mental;
harmful production;
complicated births and abortions;
inflammatory processes occurring in the pelvic organs.

In the age category from 13 to 20 years, such deviations are also possible. This is the result of mental trauma, heavy physical labor, lack of vitamins in the body, the presence of various pathologies, both chronic and acute.

Bleeding from the uterus in old age is associated with:

nervous overstrain;
chronic diseases;
hormonal changes.

Other reasons

Sometimes the cervix bleeds during examination if the gynecologist was careless and injured the organ. The same embarrassment can arise during rough sexual intercourse.

If a woman has any defects of the genital organs since birth, then blood loss, often with clots, is also possible. In this case, you will have to be fully examined and resort to radical treatment methods.

Bleeding in old age?

In older women, bloody discharge from the genital tract may be associated with:

diseases of the reproductive organs (pathologies of the ovaries, uterus, vagina);
improper metabolism;
disruption of the liver and endocrine system;
blood supply problems;
taking certain medications;
hormonal imbalance;
changes in the endometrial layer of the uterus.

Also, a common cause of blood loss in old age is the presence of tumors, inflammation and infections.

Symptoms and signs

The main sign of uterine bleeding is bloody discharge from the genital tract. If you have bleeding but not your period, there are additional symptoms:

the volume of liquid is more than 80 ml (this can be understood if a woman changes pads more often than once every two hours);
duration of blood loss more than 6 days and more often than once a month;
if the interval between menstruation is less than 21 or more than 35 days;
cervix bleeds after sex;
blood on underwear is present in the postmenopausal period.

If a woman regularly loses a large amount of blood, she will develop anemia. You will feel dizzy, weak and the skin will become pale. If cervical erosion bleeds, then you should not hesitate, as serious consequences are possible in the future.

First aid for uterine bleeding

When bleeding, a lady should be able to provide herself with first aid. Massive blood loss should not be allowed, as this can lead to loss of consciousness, anemia and other consequences.

You should not put anything hot on your stomach, take baths, steam your feet, or eat foods containing vitamin C.

To improve your well-being you need:

take a horizontal position and put your feet on a hill;
put ice or a bottle of cold water on the stomach area;
drink fluids constantly.

When should you see a doctor?

If the bleeding does not stop within a week, clots and soreness are present. A woman needs to contact a specialist who will examine her and prescribe appropriate treatment. Self-medication in this case is inappropriate, since the patient does not know the cause of the pathology.

How to get rid of uterine bleeding?

What to do if there is bleeding? In such cases, you cannot hesitate; you need to seek medical help. It is important to promptly identify the cause of the pathology and begin its treatment.

If such dysfunction occurs in adolescence, the doctor will prescribe medications that promote uterine contraction, as well as hemostatic drugs and those that strengthen blood vessels. It is important to take vitamins and take a course of herbal medicine. In some cases, hormonal treatment is indicated. This will make it possible to regulate the menstrual cycle.

Women who are of reproductive age are prescribed hormonal medications. If the cause is fibroma, the presence of a cyst or other formations, then radical treatment is possible. If cervical erosion is bleeding, cauterization will help remove the bleeding.

How to stop bleeding in old age? Here, almost always, the cause lies in oncology, so the only way to get rid of the pathology is through surgery. The entire affected organ will have to be removed.

In order not to start the disease and cure it in a conservative way. You should promptly seek help from a specialist and not self-medicate. Hemostatic agents will not get rid of the underlying disease, but will only temporarily eliminate the symptoms.

Prevention

To prevent this pathology you should:

eat well and take more vitamins;
be less nervous;
have one partner;
promptly treat all diseases associated with the sexual sphere;
do not have rash abortions;
visit a gynecologist regularly;
If any abnormalities occur, contact the hospital immediately.

Conclusion

Why does the cervix bleed and can the organ bleed without pathologies? Such questions are asked by women who have prolonged bleeding from the genital tract. There can be a lot of answers. But it is important to know that the presence of blood on underwear between periods is not the norm. Bloody discharge that remains for more than a week should also be alarming. To prevent serious complications, you should contact a gynecologist in a timely manner.

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It is common for a person to encounter various diseases throughout his life. It is worth noting that the fairer sex is more susceptible to diseases associated with the genitourinary system. One of the fairly common pathologies is uterine bleeding with clots. Let's figure out what the causes of this disease are and how to deal with it correctly.

Normal course of the female cycle

Women experience cyclical changes in their bodies throughout their reproductive years. In the first half of the menstrual cycle, the fairer sex produces a hormone called estrogen. Thanks to this substance, follicles grow and the egg is released from the ovary.

Immediately after this, progesterone begins to gain strength. It has a beneficial effect on the endometrium, preparing it for and supporting the vital activity of the egg.

If fertilization has occurred, the woman notes the absence of menstruation until the birth. When the sperm does not merge with the egg, progesterone production decreases and the woman begins to bleed. The rejected endometrium comes out along with the red fluid. With some pathologies, a woman may experience severe uterine bleeding with clots, which are unevenly exfoliated endometrium.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Also, untimely periods similar to menstruation can be called bleeding. If everything described is accompanied by the release of lumps of mucus, then most likely you have uterine bleeding with blood clots.

Causes of dysfunctional bleeding

It should be said that medicine does not stand still. Despite this, doctors still do not know exactly why uterine bleeding with clots occurs. However, there are several well-known causes of this pathology. Let's look at them in detail.

Hormonal disbalance

Uterine bleeding with clots can develop as a result of improper functioning of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands or ovaries. As a result of the failure, there is an increased release of estrogens, under the influence of which the internal mucous membrane of the uterus grows profusely.

Due to the premature release of the egg from the follicle, the next menstruation begins prematurely. During it, profuse uterine bleeding appears with clots that form from the endometrium. This condition necessarily requires competent correction. First, the patient will have to undergo some examination, after which treatment will be prescribed.

Endometriosis

There is another reason why uterine bleeding occurs. Reviews from “experienced” patients suggest that such an ailment may be a symptom of endometriosis.

With the development of such a pathology, menstrual blood penetrates the fallopian tubes in unknown ways and settles on nearby organs. It is worth noting that these cells also undergo cyclical changes and secrete blood and clots monthly. Typically, this disease gives women a lot of discomfort. It must be diagnosed on time and corrected correctly.

Use of contraceptives

This is another reason why uterine bleeding occurs. Reviews from many women (and specialists) indicate that clots can be caused by the use of certain contraceptives.

If there is a spiral in the uterus, the overgrown endometrium is rejected unevenly. This phenomenon may be accompanied by an increase in body temperature and general malaise.

When taking oral contraceptives that are chosen incorrectly, untimely and uneven production of hormones occurs. In this regard, a woman may notice her next period, which came ahead of schedule. In most cases, such bleeding is accompanied by mucous lumps.

If this is the cause of the illness, then it is necessary to stop using these contraceptives as soon as possible and undergo restorative treatment.

Inflammatory processes and infections

In some cases, a complication of sexually acquired infections is uterine bleeding with clots. Treatment in such a situation should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the woman risks getting irreparable complications.

Also, with inflammation of the ovaries, sudden bleeding with lumps of mucus may occur. In most cases, they are accompanied by pulling or cutting pain in the lower abdomen and lower back.

Ectopic pregnancy

If conception occurs, but for some reason it attaches in the wrong place, we are talking about such a pathology that is always interrupted at a certain period. At the same time, the woman experiences severe pain, weakness and decreased blood pressure.

Also, breakthrough bleeding with lumps of mucus may appear even before the pregnancy is terminated. If at this stage the woman consults a doctor who makes the correct diagnosis, then it will be possible to carry out timely treatment and avoid serious complications.

Risk of miscarriage

During pregnancy, for some reasons, there may be a threat of termination. In this case, the woman may feel cramps in the lower abdomen and observe bloody discharge.

To correct this condition, preserving drugs and hemostatic drugs for uterine bleeding are necessarily prescribed. With timely initiation of therapy, as a rule, the threat recedes.

Neoplasms

In some cases, uterine bleeding with clots may occur due to fibroids. If this happens, you should immediately consult a doctor for treatment.

Also, unscheduled bleeding from the genital tract can be due to cysts on the ovaries. If a complication occurs and the tumor ruptures, the woman experiences severe bleeding, which is accompanied by internal hemorrhage.

Uterine bleeding with clots: how to stop?

Depending on what caused the heavy bleeding, an appropriate correction is prescribed. In most cases, doctors prescribe hemostatic drugs. It is worth noting that such drugs cannot be taken for ectopic pregnancy, ovarian apoplexy and cyst rupture.

The most commonly prescribed drugs include the following:

Medicine "Ditsinon".
The drug "Vikasol".
"Etamzilat" product.
Tranexam tablets.
and others.

Medicine "Oxytocin".
The drug "Gifotocin".
The drug "Pituitrin", as well as a number of other drugs.

All of these drugs that contract the uterus help stop bleeding and reduce discharge.

If you have uterine bleeding with clots, how can you stop it as quickly as possible? Experts recommend using the same drugs for this, only in the form for intravenous administration. In this form, the medicine begins to act within a few minutes and brings some relief.

Conclusion

If you suddenly experience uterine bleeding, which is accompanied by the release of clots or other symptoms, you must immediately call an ambulance. While you wait for the doctor to arrive, you can take any sedative and lie down.

Monitor the health of your genitourinary system and don’t get sick!

A healthy woman has periods regularly and is not accompanied by discomfort or unpleasant symptoms. Irregular, heavy, spontaneous bleeding indicates developed dysfunction. For what reasons does it occur, and what symptoms can it be accompanied by?

Types of dysfunction

Sexual bleeding (uterine, vaginal) accompanies many gynecological disorders, pathology of pregnancy, labor, and the early postpartum period. In rare cases, blood loss from the genital tract is a consequence of injury or pathology in the hematopoietic system.

There are many reasons for this condition. They vary in intensity and can lead to different consequences.

Vaginal bleeding is directly related to infection or mechanical injury, and uterine bleeding is directly related to diseases, hormonal dysfunction, and ovulation.

Starting in adolescence with menstruation, regular loss of blood from the vagina begins to accompany every healthy woman, and this is the norm. On average, physiological blood loss ranges from 40 to 80 ml.

Abnormal conditions and reasons why there is bleeding from the vagina:

Dysfunctional disorder is pathological bleeding due to hormonal disorders.
An organic disorder is pathological bleeding that develops with pathology of the genital organs.
An iatrogenic disorder in which bleeding is a consequence of taking contraceptives, antithrombic drugs, or installing an IUD.
Uterine bleeding during gestation, labor, and the postpartum period.
Juvenile bleeding.
Dysfunction in postmenopause.

The nature of vaginal bleeding can be cyclical (menorrhagia) or acyclic (metrorrhagia).

Cyclic ones last more than 6–7 days, with a profuse character, with a volume of about 100 ml. Acyclic dysfunction is not tied to the menstrual cycle and occurs at an unspecified time.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia can be caused by endometritis, fibroids, or endometriosis. With the development of these pathologies, the uterine wall loses its normal contractility, and this intensifies and prolongs vaginal bleeding.

Endometritis

In the acute stage of infection, a woman develops a fever along with merorrhagia, and the lower third of the abdomen is painful. On examination, the body of the uterus is enlarged and painful. The disease in its chronic form passes without signs of fever, and no pronounced pain syndrome is observed. The development of endometritis is provoked by the post-abortion or postpartum period.

Myoma

With neoplasms, in addition to menorrhagic dysfunction, the woman is bothered by pain, discomfort of urination and defecation. During the examination, the doctor discovers an increase in the size of the uterus. The uterus has an uneven, bumpy surface, compacted, palpation does not cause pain. With pathology, alternation of menorrhagia with metrorrhagia is possible.

Endometriosis

With endometriosis, menorrhagia is accompanied by pain (algomenorrhea), which progresses over time. During the examination, the doctor notes an enlarged uterus. The smoothness of the surface is preserved in case of endometriosis.

Regardless of the pathology, menorrhagia is profuse bleeding with clots. The woman complains of weakness, a sharp deterioration in her general condition, dizziness, and fainting.

Prolonged blood loss leads to severe iron deficiency anemia.

Metrorrhagia

If a woman does not have her period, but is bleeding, then this is metrorrhagia. This condition develops against the background of physical and psychological fatigue, work in hazardous work, inflammatory diseases, neoplasms and endocrine disorders.

Metrorrhagia occurs at any time, and if a woman bleeds spontaneously, “out of the blue,” the process is at an acute stage. Chronic metrorrhagia is defined by prolonged intermenstrual bleeding with disrupted cyclicity.

Anovulatory metrorrhagia

Adolescent girls and menopausal women are susceptible to this type of dysfunction.

With anovulatory metrorrhagia, ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum do not occur, menstruation is delayed, and bleeding continues for more than 7 days.

Postmenopausal metrorrhagia

Dysfunction develops against the background of fading ovarian function. Menstruation is irregular at first, but eventually stops completely. With the onset of postmenopause, metrorrhagia is a symptom of the formation of benign and malignant tumors.

If a woman has not had her period for more than a year, the onset of metrorrhagia is an undesirable and dangerous symptom. You should contact a specialist as soon as possible.

When to see a doctor?

There are several additional signs and conditions that may indicate the onset of dysfunction:

Clots appeared in menstrual blood.
Sexual intercourse is accompanied by pain and bleeding.
A woman complains of causeless fatigue and weakness, hypotension.
Pain increases from period to period.
Menstruation is accompanied by fever.

If menstruation lasts more than a week, the cycle is shortened to 21 days, there is more discharge than usual or there is bleeding between periods, a woman should not postpone it. You should contact a gynecologist as soon as possible.

The causes of bleeding in women depend on age. These could be hormonal imbalances, pregnancy pathologies, or neoplasms. Consultation with a gynecologist is necessary.

Causes of bleeding in women of different age groups

Vaginal bleeding in women is an alarming symptom that can indicate many diseases and emergency situations. The causes of bleeding in women can be varied and depend on age.

In order to simplify the diagnosis, bleeding is conventionally divided into two groups depending on the affected system:

pathology of the reproductive system;
extragenital pathology.

An important point in the diagnosis of vaginal bleeding is the connection with pregnancy. After all, it could be an early miscarriage, a threatened miscarriage, or an ectopic pregnancy.

All systems and organs interact with each other. An illness of one system can affect another, exhibiting different symptoms. Extragenital reasons:

changes in thyroid function (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism);
diseases of the heart and blood vessels (hypertension);
hepatitis, cirrhosis;
blood diseases;
hypovitaminosis (lack of vitamins affecting the condition of blood vessels and blood clotting);
various infectious diseases;
prolonged stress and emotional overload, physical exhaustion.

These causes are a specific manifestation of the underlying disease and require primary care treatment.

Bleeding in women involving the reproductive system

If pregnancy has not yet been established, then early miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy should be assumed. Other causes may include endometriosis, uterine fibroids,. Due to the fact that cancer pathology has become younger in recent years, we must not forget about cervical cancer. A peculiarity of bleeding in cervical cancer is that the discharge has a specific smell and appears more often after sexual intercourse.

In the later trimesters of pregnancy, causes may include:

placenta previa;
premature placental abruption;
eclampsia;
gestosis;
scar on the body of the uterus.

During pregnancy, if there is bleeding of any nature or intensity, a woman is advised to immediately seek medical help at an antenatal clinic or call an ambulance.

Causes of blood loss not related to pregnancy:

neoplasms of the uterus and ovaries;
ovarian apoplexy;
various inflammatory diseases;
injuries;
cervical erosion;
endometriosis.

Women with the above pathology should be systematically examined by doctors.

Uterine bleeding at different ages

All uterine bleeding is divided into pathological and physiological. Therefore, first of all, the chronological stage of individual development of the reproductive system is determined.

Bleeding is conventionally divided into age periods:

juvenile (from 10 to 18 years);
reproductive (fertile period from 18 to 50 years);
menopausal period (time of decline of ovarian function);
postmenopausal (final completion of menstruation).

Most often, signs of uterine bleeding in women occur from 28 to 40 years old, but can appear at any age. The main cause of uterine bleeding most often at this age is a violation of the ovulation process.

The ongoing shift in the hormonal system provokes the growth of the mucous membrane in the uterus, resulting in stagnation and accumulation of blood, thereby disrupting blood circulation. Once vascular permeability changes, conditions arise for the development of bleeding. The uterus becomes a place where blood accumulates.

If the platelet count decreases, causing the blood to become thinner, this increases blood loss and worsens posthemorrhagic anemia. After all, a lot of blood can be lost. Although the female body is adapted to certain monthly expenses and subsequent replenishment.

For each age period, the reasons may be different, since each age has certain characteristics. But we can highlight the main points that have an equally bad effect, despite age.

Factors that negatively affect the hormonal system:

infectious diseases of acute and chronic nature;
lack of vitamins and microelements;
psychological trauma and emotional stress;
physical exhaustion;
diseases of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism);
inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system;
complicated childbirth and abortion.

In a certain age category there are risks for one or another disease. For example, hypovitaminosis is characteristic, to a greater extent, of young people and those who are in the postmenopausal period. Accordingly, abortions for women with complete menstrual function are casuistry.

Differences between bleeding and normal menstruation

With normal periods, 70-100 ml for the entire period, but again, they can be more intense. With menorrhagia, about 120 ml more may be lost per day. How can you understand that this is not just menstruation, but true blood loss?

Signs of uterine bleeding:

impotence accompanied by dizziness;
marbling of the skin;
There may be vomiting and nausea, but not necessarily;
fainting or pre-fainting;
weak pulse, rapid heartbeat, tachycardia;
hypotension, blood pressure decreases;
presence of vaginal blood;
During menstruation, clots and pads are released, and tampons fill up very quickly;
at night you have to change hygiene products more often than twice;
the duration of such bleeding is more than eight days, and;
not accompanied by pain;
may appear after sex;
most often do not coincide with menstruation.

Bleeding that occurs after a delay in menstruation is usually functional in nature. If the discharge is abundant in volume and cyclical, then this may indicate uterine fibroids and systemic blood pathologies. , that is, a year after the last menstruation in women, is interpreted as an obvious pathology. In this case, it is necessary to urgently exclude a malignant neoplasm. But, as a rule, discharge at this age is quite scanty and occurs due to atrophy of the vulva and vagina.

Summarizing

The presence of bleeding is alarming and can indicate many diseases. The problem of bleeding remains relevant today. If timely medical care is not provided, everything can end tragically.

For the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist once a year, and, if necessary, a hematologist and endocrinologist. In addition, strengthen your body, adhere to a balanced diet and perform measured physical activity.

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Uterine bleeding is profuse abnormal blood discharge from the uterus. In medicine, they are usually called dysfunctional, since they are the most striking evidence of hormonal disorders in women.

With uterine bleeding, unlike menstruation, the volume of blood released and the duration of the discharge changes, or the regularity of menstruation is disrupted. This pathology occurs in many women, regardless of their age. In this regard, there is the following classification of uterine bleeding:

during puberty or juvenile age (12-18 years);
reproductive age (18-45 years);
period of decline of ovarian function (menopause - 45-55 years).

The development of this pathology is due to a number of reasons that determine several types of uterine bleeding: dysfunctional, organic and those caused by systemic diseases (diseases of the kidneys, liver, blood, thyroid gland).

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is characterized by excessively heavy and prolonged discharge caused by disruption of the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle. In turn, they are divided into ovulatory and anovulatory.

Ovulatory uterine bleeding is characterized by the persistence of ovulation, as well as shortening or lengthening the interval between menstruation. This condition occurs most often against the background of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs or adhesions in the pelvis. Often before and after menstruation, as well as in the middle of the menstrual cycle, spotting is observed. Since ovulatory bleeding occurs most often in women of childbearing age, it is accompanied by miscarriage and infertility.

Anovulatory uterine bleeding is characterized by the absence of ovulation, which, over a long period of existence, can lead to the development of hyperplasia, fibroids, endometriosis and even endometrial cancer. This pathology most often occurs in premenopause (premenopause).

Organic uterine bleeding is accompanied by diseases such as endometrial polyp, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages, cancer of the uterine body or cervix. This type of disease is chronic and is characterized by bleeding of varying intensity and duration on any day of the menstrual cycle.

Causes of uterine bleeding

Risk factors for the development of dysfunctional uterine bleeding at different periods of a woman’s life depend on her age.

At the age of 12-18 years, uterine bleeding is caused by a violation of hormonal regulation at the stage of its formation for a number of reasons:

physical or mental injuries;
dysfunction of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands;
malnutrition, hypovitaminosis;
consequences of complicated pregnancy and pathological childbirth;
a history of childhood infectious diseases during puberty: whooping cough, mumps, measles, chickenpox, chronic tonsillitis, influenza, etc.;
sometimes tuberculosis of the female genital organs or bleeding disorders.

During reproductive age, uterine bleeding is not observed so often and is accompanied by ovarian dysfunction. This happens for the following reasons:

overwork, chronic mental stress, stressful situations;
ovarian tumors;
endometriosis of the uterus, chronic endometritis;
malignant tumors and polyps of the uterus and cervix;
change in climatic conditions;
uterine fibroids;
dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system caused by the use of certain medications;
ectopic pregnancy, miscarriages, medical or surgical termination of pregnancy;
poor environmental conditions in the place of permanent residence, harmful working conditions;
various infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system.

Most often, uterine bleeding occurs in premenopausal women, which is due to a natural decrease in gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland. In this regard, the menopause is accompanied by an irregular release of hormones, which entails disruption of the ovulatory cycle, folliculogenesis, and development of the corpus luteum.

The occurrence of uterine bleeding at the age of 45-55 years indicates the absence of other pathologies that can cause it. In this case, the causes of uterine bleeding include:

uterine fibroids;
endometriosis;
uterine polyps;
hormone-active ovarian tumors.

Symptoms

Uterine bleeding is expressed by metrorrhagia, acyclic bleeding, an increase in the duration of menstruation and the amount of discharge released during this process.
Since uterine bleeding is essentially similar to menstruation, every woman should be able to recognize the symptoms of blood loss. Pathological bleeding can be determined by the following symptoms:

heavy discharge lasting more than a week with signs of anemia: low blood pressure, increased fatigue, weakness, pale skin, headaches, dizziness;
the presence of a large number of blood clots in the secretions;
the degree of profuse discharge is so high that the pad gets wet within an hour, and the woman often feels a loss of strength and is not even able to go to work;
bleeding is accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen and nagging pain in the lumbar region;
bleeding after intercourse is also a sign of uterine bleeding.

Diagnostics

In women of reproductive age, detection of uterine bleeding begins with curettage of the walls of the uterus and cervical canal. The resulting scraping is sent for histological examination. This procedure is not only diagnostic in nature, but also has a therapeutic effect, since it removes the defective layer of the endometrium and blood clots, and the contraction of the uterine muscles helps stop bleeding.

Additional diagnostic methods include:

hysterosalpinography;
hysteroscopy;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
consultations of related specialists.

Treatment

Regardless of the woman’s age, treatment of uterine bleeding has the following goals:

stopping bleeding and replenishing blood loss;
eliminating the cause that caused this condition;
rehabilitation of patients.

In case of severe uterine bleeding, the patient must be given first aid, which is to stop the bleeding. It comes down to injections of contracting and hemostatic drugs, the introduction of tampons soaked in special medications, or emergency curettage. Minor bleeding stops as therapy progresses.

How to stop uterine bleeding

You can stop uterine bleeding before the doctor arrives as follows. The woman must be laid on a hard, flat, horizontal surface. She needs a pillow under her feet, and a heating pad with cold water or an ice pack on her stomach. It is strictly forbidden to warm the lower abdomen.

As first aid for uterine bleeding, Tranexam is used, which helps to quickly stop bleeding and dissolve blood clots. Depending on the activity of uterine bleeding, Tranexam is used either in the form of tablets or as intravenous injections.

For emergency symptomatic treatment of uterine bleeding, the following drugs and hemostatic agents are recommended: Dicion, Vikasol, Etamzilate, calcium supplements, aminocaproic acid. The use of Dicion and Vikasol for uterine bleeding helps to increase blood clotting, and also prevents bleeding and improves blood restoration and circulation.

Any bleeding from the genitals, which differs from normal menstruation, should alert the woman and serve as a reason to contact a gynecologist. Be extremely attentive to your health!