New generation children's antibiotic. Restoration of the child’s body after treatment with antibiotics. Types of antibacterial drugs

The purpose of antibiotics is to destroy and reduce activity pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, there are bactericidal (causing the death of bacteria) and bacteriostatic (inhibiting the growth of bacteria) antibiotics. In most cases, when the causative agent of the disease is not precisely known, doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. action spectrum. This treatment regimen applies to both adults and children.

At the beginning of a child’s illness, such treatment may be justified, but after establishing accurate diagnosis a transition to highly targeted drugs is necessary. Otherwise, children may experience diarrhea, vomiting, allergies and thrush.

List of the most common groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics for children

• Penicillins (amoxicillin, unasin, ampicillin, oxacillin).
• Cephalsporins (cefazolin, cefamandole, cefpirazone, cefepime).
• Carbapenems (imipenem, moropenem).
• Monobactams (aztreonam).
• Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, netilmicin).

Antibiotic wide range actions are assigned according to the following principles:

• The choice of drug is determined by the expected type of bacterial infection, the severity of the disease and the age of the child.
• Instructions for the dosage of the drug are given taking into account the child’s body weight, his age and the severity of the disease.
• Newborns are given antibiotics no more than 2 times a day, older children - up to 4 times.
• The duration of the course is determined individually.

In most cases, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to young children by a doctor. acute rhinitis, acute bronchitis, acute otitis media and sinusitis. Below is a list of approved antibiotics for children.

1. Amoxicillin. Used to treat otitis, urethritis, cystitis, pneumonia, sore throat, pharyngitis, sinusitis. The suspension or syrup of the product is diluted in boiled water. Children under 2 years old are given a quarter of a teaspoon.
2. Augmentin. Indications are the same as the previous drug, but prohibited for children under 3 months. It is given relative to the baby’s weight, on average 1 teaspoon 2 times a day.
3. Zinatsef. It is used in the form of injections diluted with water for otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, and frontal sinusitis.
4. Zinnat. Indicated for ENT diseases, diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, infections genitourinary organs. Children under 3 months are prohibited.
5. Summed Forte. Prescribed for pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis. Given once a day with water. Contraindicated for children under six months of age.
6. Suprax. It is used for ENT diseases, bronchitis, otitis, and genitourinary infections. Contraindicated for children under six months of age.
7. Flemoxin Solutab. Used to treat bacterial intestinal infections.
8. Ceftriaxone. Means for intramuscular and intravenous injections. The drug is very painful in terms of action and is prohibited for use in premature babies and children with physiological jaundice.

Oh, those antibiotics! What beautiful names they are released under, what mountains of gold they promise! Drank magic pill- and everything passed. What you really need to take antibiotics for and whether to give them to your baby - we decide together in this article.

Do not resort to antibiotics every time, otherwise the child’s immune system will forget how to fight infections on its own.

Antibiotic, what are you?

Antibiotics are substances that are natural or synthetic origin, which suppress the activity of bacteria and some microscopic fungi. Unlike antiseptics, antibiotics can act not only externally, but also be active inside the body.

The discovery of antibiotics made effective treatment some serious diseases, for example, anthrax. They have also become widely used in severe injuries, wounds and after operations to suppress purulent processes.

On this moment There are many types of these drugs, including so-called “broad-spectrum antibiotics,” which are often prescribed even when the diagnosis is not specified.

Types of antibiotics

There are a great variety of antibiotics, and they are classified according to several criteria - by the mechanism of action on the bacterium, by structure and by the type of effect on the cell (bactericidal and bacteriostatic). It is also important to separate antibiotics according to their effect on different types bacteria:

• acting on cocci(, meningococci, streptococci and others), as well as corynobacteria and clostridia - 1st generation cephalosporins, benzylpenicillin, macrolides, bicillins, lincomycin;
• wide spectrum of action, especially pathogenic for gram-positive bacilli - 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines (not recommended for children under 8 years of age), chloramphenicol (not recommended for newborns), semisynthetic penicillins, aminoglycosides;
• “specializing” in gram-negative rods- 3rd generation cephalosporins, polymyxins;
• anti-tuberculosis- streptomycin, florimycin, rifampicin;
• acting on fungi- nystatin, diflucan, levorin, ketoconazole.

When a child is susceptible to frequent and prolonged respiratory diseases, he needs to take inhalations. In this case, parents will come to the rescue. This device is easy to use and greatly speeds up the healing process. The nebulizer can be used by all family members.

For a baby to be healthy, vitamin D must be present in his body. It also prevents other serious illnesses. In what quantities should you give your baby this vitamin?

When are antibiotics needed?

Treatment with antibiotics in children is clearly necessary for the following diseases:

• or exacerbation of its chronic form;
• paratonsillitis;
• caused by streptococcus;
• otitis in infants up to six months;
• epiglotite;
• paratonsillitis;
• pneumonia.

Pneumonia cannot be overcome without antibiotics!

It is also possible to prescribe antibiotic therapy in children with otitis media older than six months and in children with exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.

After taking antibiotics, the child should eat properly so that the intestinal microflora can be restored faster. Mothers are faced with the question of what complementary foods to choose for such babies.

Restoration of intestinal microflora is impossible without fermented milk products. In this article, we will talk about introducing kefir into a child’s diet, and we will also tell you how to prepare this drink at home.

Children grow quickly and over time the grown body must receive vitamins and useful material, which are missing in breast milk. For full development, babies need vitamin C, which is large quantities found in apples. This page contains detailed information about the basic rules of the first complementary feeding with applesauce.

List of antibiotics for children

The most popular antibiotics for children should be known to any competent mother:

• - a group of penicillins, the spectrum of action is quite wide. They are used for pneumonia, otitis media, sore throat, pharyngitis and sinusitis, also cystitis or urethritis. Granules are convenient for preparing suspension/syrup; they are diluted boiled water. For children under 2 years old - a quarter of a teaspoon, for children under 5 years old - half a teaspoon. Price on average 150 rubles.

This drug is suitable for very young children.

• , thanks to the acid, the spectrum of action is wider. Indications are the same as for amoxicillin. Prohibited for babies under 3 months. Can give allergic reaction. Price from 150 to 250 rubles depending on the dosage. Augmentin analogue - .

Feedback from mom Eva, 1 year:

“We were prescribed Augmentin for bronchitis, a teaspoon 2 times a day. I read the instructions and turned gray: for Eva’s weight you need TWICE LESS. In general, we drank according to the instructions for a week. The temperature returned to normal as soon as they started drinking it.”

• Zinatsef- 2nd generation cephalosporin, wide spectrum of action, indications: otitis, pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis. For injection only. Children are prescribed 30-100 mg per 1 kg of weight per day. Diluted with water for injection. Costs from 130 rubles.
• - 2nd generation cephalosporin, convenient granules for preparing a suspension. Indications: diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, ENT organs, infections genitourinary area. Not recommended for children under 3 months. Dosage: 10 mg per 1 kg of baby’s weight, given twice a day. Cost from 200 rubles.

Zinnat should not be given to children under 3 years old!

• - the active ingredient azithromycin, belongs to the azalides, has a wide spectrum of action on bacteria. Indications: sinusitis, otitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. Contraindicated for babies under 6 months. Shake the bottle before use, and after swallowing, give it a drink of water to swallow all the granules. Dosage 10 mg per kg of child’s weight, given once a day, course of treatment - 3 days. The price of the drug is on average 230 rubles.

Rita, Gelendzhik says:

“The whole family came down with ARVI, the child was 7 months old. The doctor prescribed Sumamed. I thought and thought, I dug up the entire Internet, destroyed my girlfriends - I didn’t give it to my son. My nose was washed, I was breastfed, I slept all day. I believe that the doctor ordered us to get rid of it.”

• - active antibiotic cefixime, 3rd generation cephalosporin. Treatment of ENT infections, bronchitis, otitis, infections genitourinary system. Prohibited for children under six months old. From 6 months to a year - from 2 to 4 ml per 1 kg of weight, over 2 years - 5 ml. Divide the dosage into 2-3 doses. Dilute the granules with boiled water at room temperature. The medicine costs about 500 rubles.
• - active ingredient amoxicillin, an intestinal antibiotic. Indicated for diseases gastrointestinal tract, in particular bacterial intestinal infections. Children 1-3 years old: 250 mg of medication twice a day or 125 mg three times. For children under one year of age, the dose is 30 mg per 1 kg per day, divided into 2-3 times. The price is about 250 rubles.
• - 3rd generation cephalosporin, available in injections for intramuscular and intravenous administration, contraindicated in premature infants and newborns. Newborns up to 2 weeks - 20-50 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight per day, older - from 20 to 75 per kilogram. The course is at least 4 days, depending on the pathogen. The injections are very painful. The cost is around 19 rubles per ampoule.

Remember that antibiotic injections are extreme case therapy, and in situations where there is no threat to the child’s life or atypical strange symptoms, you need to choose suspensions or tablets (for children who can chew). Also, antibiotics are not produced in the form rectal suppositories. If your baby refuses to drink the suspension, try mixing it with jam or other foods he likes.

Antibiotics are drugs that inhibit the growth of living cells. They are used to treat all diseases, from respiratory viral diseases to internal inflammations. In this article we will talk about broad spectrum antibiotics. What are they? What new species have appeared? When is therapy impossible without an antibiotic?

The main thing in the article

List of new broad-spectrum antibiotics for children in suspensions

Children most often an antibiotic of liquid consistency in the form of a suspension is prescribed. The medicine in this form is easier to take and is absorbed faster in the child’s body. Today to the newest modern antibiotics for babies with a wide spectrum of action include:

List of the best new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics for adults in tablets

In adult medicine for the destruction of strains in the form of bacteria, fungi and others pathogenic microorganisms commonly used tablet antibiotic. TO the latest developments pharmaceuticals should include the following antibiotics:

• Avelox. Exclusively adult antibiotic of a new generation. It is one of the strongest and has an excellent inhibitory effect on a wide range of bacteria and other typical pathogens.
• Cefixime. It can be produced both in tablets and capsules. Applicable in postoperative period, for colds, intestinal infections, prostatitis. Acts by preventing the synthesis of pathogenic microorganisms. It has a fairly strong toxic effect, so it is contraindicated for people with impaired liver and kidney function.
• Unidox Solutab. The product belongs to the latest generation tetracycline group. Actively used in the treatment of colds, acute respiratory viral infections, intestinal infections, and urogenital pathologies. The main active ingredient is doxycycline.
• Rulid. Refers to fourth generation macrolides. Has proven itself well in therapy infectious inflammation upper respiratory organs, genital infections, gastrointestinal tract infections. Although the remedy has a limited focus antibacterial action, has established itself as an excellent antibiotic.

List of effective broad-spectrum antibiotics of the latest generation in ampoules

Antibiotic produced in ampoules for injections, allows you to more quickly influence the foci of pathogenic strains. Moreover, injectable antibiotics are always much more effective than similar drugs For oral administration. The latest generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics include:

List of modern broad-spectrum antibiotics for use in gynecology in suppositories

In gynecology, two types of antibiotic suppositories are used:

• vaginal – acting “directly”;
• rectal - absorbed into the intestinal walls, then into the blood.

One or the other is assigned depending on present disease. Vaginal suppositories have soft action and are more common in gynecology. They quickly dissolve in the vagina, while destroying pathogenic bacteria, which are excreted from the body along with additional components of the suppository in the form of secretions, naturally. Popular modern broad-spectrum candles include:

• suppositories with pimafucin– prescribed for the treatment of fungal diseases ();
• suppositories with betadine– copes well with bacteria, fungi and viruses;
• candles with hexagon– eliminate inflammatory processes and are recommended as prophylactic for sexually transmitted infections.

If we talk about specific suppositories, it is worth noting such suppositories as:

• Rectal suppositories Indomethacin.
• Vaginal suppositories Methyluracil.
• Vaginal tablets Terzhinan.
• Vaginal suppositories Pimafucin.
• Candles Diclofenac.
• Antifungal suppositories Polygynax.
• Hexicon.

Names of the newest broad-spectrum antibiotics for ENT infections: sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

For treatment of ENT organs narrowly targeted drugs are most often prescribed last generations. They act directly on the source of inflammation and are prescribed after identifying the causative agent of the infection. In other words, each of these antibiotics acts on one of the groups of pathogenic microorganisms. TO positive factors The use of such drugs includes minimal impact on the microflora populating the intestines. Let's look at the lists of antibiotics that act for certain pathologies.

So, for the treatment of sore throat The following modern broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed:

• Cephalexin.
• Erythromycin.
• Azitral.

Bronchitis therapy produced based on the main causative agent of the disease. But since the studies take up to five days, and treatment is necessary immediately to avoid complications, they can prescribe:

• Penicillins: Amoxiclav, Panclave.
• Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin.
• Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime.
• Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin.

Pneumonia therapy directly depends on the bacterial group of microorganisms:


For Depending on its type and location (external, middle or internal), the ENT specialist may prescribe:

• Levomycetin.
• Augmentin.
• Ampicillin.

effectively treated cephalospirins and new generation macrolides. Most often, with this diagnosis, the following is prescribed:

• Cefatoxime.
• Cefuroxine.
• Cefexime.

In severe cases of the disease, it is prescribed Azithromycin or Macropen.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics of a new generation for genitourinary infections: cystitis, kidney inflammation and other diseases

Some 10–15 years ago traditional therapy cystitis was Furadonin and Biseptol. But pathogens have developed immunity to these drugs, which necessitated the creation of a new generation of antibiotics that are more powerful in action. TO modern antibiotics for relate:

• Unidox Solutab.
• Monural.
• Norbactin.

Concerning pyelonephritis, then cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and nitrofurans are used for its treatment. The first group is prescribed if the disease progresses in mild form, fluoroquinolones and nitrofuran are resorted to when the condition worsens and initial therapy fails. TO modern drugs for the treatment of pyelonephritis include:

• Ciprofloxacin.
• Moxifloxacin.
• Furamag.

Other than that genitourinary infections may be used: Nalidixic acid, Metronidazole(prescribed for gardnerellosis and vaginal dysbiosis).

List of broad-spectrum intestinal antibiotics

For adults when diagnosing intestinal infections Prescribe broad-spectrum medications such as:

• Levomycytin.
• Rifaximin.
• Ampicillin.
• Ciprofloxacin.

For treatment children's infectious diseases less aggressive means are selected. After examination and tests, the doctor may prescribe:

• Amoxicillin.
• Enterofuril.
• Cefix.
• Ceftriaxone.

List of new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections and colds without prescriptions

IN Lately It is increasingly necessary to resort to the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections and colds. Popular and widely prescribed drugs of domestic and imported production The following macrolides are available without a prescription:

• Sumamed.
• Cefaclor.
• Cefamandole.
• Rulid.
• Clarithromycin.
• Avelox.

Inexpensive and effective broad-spectrum ophthalmic antibiotics

Modern ophthalmology promotes the practice of using antibacterial drugs local action as eye drops . So, when treating chlamydial conjunctivitis, they prescribe Maxaquin. Inexpensive and effective topical ophthalmic antibiotics include:

• Tobrex.
• Okatsin.
• Vitabact.

Powerful natural broad-spectrum antibiotics: drug names

Nature also contains natural antibiotics of natural origin. These include:

The best broad-spectrum antifungal antibiotics: names and prices

The main thing in treatment antifungal drugs– identification of the causative agent of infection. This is done to determine effective remedy and its dosage. To date antifungal antibiotics divided into 4 generations. They differ in that the first generation has a targeted effect on the pathogen (fungus) of a certain type, all subsequent generations of drugs are created taking into account the impact on many types of fungal infections. The following antifungal drugs are used in medicine:

Broad-spectrum antibiotic ointments: list of cheap and effective ointments

Children often get sick the most various infections. This happens due to the imperfection of the child's immune system. Even a banal virus, shaking local immunity, opens the gates of bacterial aggression.

This forces pediatricians and mothers to often think about choosing the safest and most effective antibiotics.

It is often difficult for a child to swallow even a crushed tablet: he does not like its appearance and size, an unpleasant taste immediately appears on the tongue, and there is a risk of parts of the crushed drug getting into the respiratory tract.

Therefore, antibiotics in suspensions that you can simply drink from a spoon are especially relevant for children. Homogeneous with a pleasant or neutral taste. They are comfortable for babies and children up to three years old. It is not forbidden for older children to take it.

Harm or benefit

The attitude towards antibiotics is always ambiguous. I want to give the child only the best and safest. It should be remembered that the correctly chosen antibacterial drug is the key to a safe and uncomplicated way out of many unpleasant situations associated with bacterial infection.

The group of antibiotics today includes mainly semi-synthetic and synthetic drugs that kill bacterial cells or inhibit their growth. Except bacteria individual species Antibiotics are also effective against fungi. But these drugs do not work on viruses.

Thus, a pediatrician prescribes an antibiotic to a child if he suspects a bacterial infection:

• in the ear,
• nose,
• respiratory tract,
• lungs,
• urinary system,
• less often in the gastrointestinal tract.

The main signs by which you can recognize the rampant bacteria are:

• purulent (green, yellow) discharge and
• persistent rise in temperature.

But some bacterial infections or fungi behave rather secretively and are detected only by laboratory or instrumental methods diagnostics (smears, cultures, blood tests: clinical, serology or PCR, x-ray of the lungs or paranasal sinuses nose).

When choosing an antibiotic, the doctor is guided by national recommendations, which spell out which classes are safe for the child and effective against certain types of bacteria. More often, the choice falls on drugs with a wide spectrum of activity against most possible bacteria.

Allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug 72 hours. If during this time the child does not get better and a decision is made that the drug is ineffective, it will be changed to a second-line drug that is stronger and more resistant to the destructive action of bacterial enzymes.

For the convenience of parents, the powder for preparing suspensions is available in several versions with different contents active substance per dosage spoon of diluted drug.

The main mistake parents make is stopping the drug early, when the child gets better. The course of antibiotics is prescribed by the doctor, and its duration must be observed:

• For most drugs this is 7 days.
• Exceptions are cases when the drug has developed:
  • allergies (rash, swelling), in this case, you should stop taking it immediately;
  • If side effects occur, you need to consult your pediatrician.

How to prepare a suspension

The medicine bottle contains powder, from which you need to prepare a homogeneous mixture:

• To do this, boiled water cooled to room temperature is added to the mark on the bottle or the dosage indicated in the instructions is added from the included measuring syringe.
• First, you should introduce only half the volume of liquid (only water, no juice, milk, or other drink) and shake the contents of the bottle thoroughly.
• After this, add the rest and shake again.
• Usually the appointment lasts several days.
• Ready suspension Usually stored at room temperature and shaken before use.
• The required amount of the mixture is measured using the spoon or syringe supplied with the package.

Antibiotics in suspension for children - as soft as possible dosage form with a reduced and safe content of the active antibacterial substance.

What foods are best not to combine with antibiotics?

For a cold

What we call a cold (runny nose, transparent snot, cough without sputum, sore throat, hoarseness) even in the presence of fever does not require antibiotics. The question about them will be raised if signs of bacterial infection appear (green snot, yellow sputum, temperature 38 or higher for more than three days).

Sometimes a child is affected by such formidable bacteria as meningococcus, when immediately after a short period of inflammation of the nasopharynx, signs of damage appear against the background of fever nervous system and a rash in the form of many small bruises on the legs and buttocks. This requires an urgent call to the ambulance and the administration of antibiotics at the stage of examining the child by the team. Delay in this case could cost the child his life.

For the purpose of prevention, antibiotics should not be given to a child. They do not have a point of application until the bacteria are activated.

Aminopenicillins

These are the most popular antibiotics for children. They act on most typical pathogens of most childhood infections bacterial origin. Most often this is:

• Ampicillin and Amoxicillin (Omosin, Ospamox, Hiconcil)
• If they want to fight resistant types of bacteria, a combination of these substances with clavulanic acid is prescribed: Amoxicillin clavulanate ( Amoxiclav, Augmentin) and Ampicillin clavulonate.

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin the most popular and the most safe antibiotic with a dosage of 250 mg in 5 ml. The finished suspension is stored for two weeks. Suitable for the first line of treatment of diseases of the ear, throat, nose, bronchi and lungs, purulent processes of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It has lost its relevance for urinary tract infections, giving way to cephalosporins or amoxicillin clavulanate.

Ospamox and Hiconcil

• Ospamox This is 500 mg of amoxicillin in 5 ml of suspension.
• Amosin— powder for suspension 250 mg.
• Hiconcil— powder 250 mg in 5 ml in 100 ml bottles with a dosage spoon. This is amoxicillin made in Slovenia. The dosages of all 3 drugs are similar to Ospamox.

Amoxicillin ( 100 rub)	Amosin ( 50 rub)	Ospamox ( 80 rub)

Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, which overcomes bacterial resistance. The finished suspension is stored on the wall of the refrigerator in closed no longer than one week. This is the antibiotic of choice for children with sore throat, for the treatment of otitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumococcal pneumonia. Included in the standard for the treatment of urinary tract infections in children.

Available in dosages:

• 130 rub)
• 250 mg+62.5 mg per 5 ml of ready suspension ( 300 rub).

Clavulanic acid can cause stool disorders that go away on their own after discontinuation of the drug and are not associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Amoxicillin can cause allergies, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Augmentin

Augmentin is another variant of amoxicillin clavulonate.

• 125 mg antibiotic + 31.25 mg clavulanic acid ( 140 rub)
• 200 mg+28.5 mg per 5 ml of ready suspension ( 170 rub).

Amoxiclav ( 130 And 300 rub)	Augmentin ( 140 And 170 rub)

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins in suspensions are second-line drugs for most infections of the ENT organs and respiratory tract. They give cross allergy with penicillins: if you are intolerant to ampicillin or amoxicillin, cephalosporins are also not prescribed.

Cephalexin

Cephalexin in a 150 ml bottle in 10 ml of a suspension of 250 mg of active ingredient. 1st generation cephalosporin. Second line therapy for respiratory tract infections. The drug of choice for infections of soft tissues and ENT organs. Used as a preventive measure bacterial complications before surgical interventions.

• Children under one year old, whose body weight is more than 10 kg, are prescribed 10 ml of suspension 2 times a day.
• Children from 1 to 6 years old - 10 ml of suspension 2 times a day.
• Children from 6 to 12 years old – 10 ml 3 times a day.
• Children over 12 years old – 20 ml of suspension 2 times a day.

The duration of treatment with the drug is at least 5 days; if necessary, the suspension can be extended to 10 days.

Zinnat

Cefuroxime (Zinnat) is a 2nd generation cephalosporin. Effective for otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis. Second line for respiratory tract infections after penicillins. First line for urinary tract infections, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Prescribed to children at least 3 months old.

Suprax

Cefixime (Suprax) is the drug of choice for respiratory infections if amoxicillin is ineffective. Not suitable if you are allergic to penicillin. Used for severe or protracted current bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media. For sore throats or tonsillitis, it is inferior to penicillins, since it does not prevent post-streptococcal kidney damage or rheumatism. Not recommended for children under six months old.

Sold in bottles in the form of granules. 1st generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The dosage should be calculated taking into account the weight and age of the child:

Pantsef

Cefixime (Pancef) – 3rd generation cephalosoprin. 5 ml of the prepared solution contains 100 mg of active substance. The finished suspension is stored for no more than 14 days. Drug of choice for urinary tract infection. Second line for respiratory lesions, otitis, pharyngitis severe course or non-responders to penicillins.

The dosage of the drug is calculated according to the formula, depending on weight, age and severity of the disease.

Suprax ( 620 R)	Pantsef ( 450 R)

Macrolides

• Azithromycin (Sumamed, Hemomycin) - suspensions convenient for three-day use today do not provide a decent safety profile and have given way to Josamycin (Vilprofen) and Clarithromycin (Klacid).
• Macropen (Midecamycin) – until recently, the drug of choice for acute and chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, a representative of macrolides. Today it is rarely used.

They should not be prescribed as first line, except in cases of suspected atypical pathogens (chlamydia, mycoplaasm, clostridium) or in cases of allergy to penicillins and cephalosporins. In the practice of treating intestinal infections, they also play second fiddle to intestinal antiseptics (Nifuroxazide, Enterofuril).

Sumamed

• Sumamed (Azithromycin) in bottles in variations of 200 and 100 mg per 5 ml of suspension. Convenient, easy to use. Dose calculation: 10 mg per kg of body weight per day. Once a day. Course from 3 to 5 days.
• Azithromycin, Azitrox, Hemomycin are analogues of Sumamed. The same active ingredient, with the same dosage regimen and indications.

Can be second row respiratory infections, otitis, soft tissue infections.

Sumamed is less effective for streptococcal tonsillitis (does not prevent rheumatic fever). Today it is used less and less due to the high risks of allergies and the development of pseudomembranous colitis, when clostridia multiply in the gastrointestinal tract against the background of knocking out its own flora.

It can be used as a third-line drug for a number of intestinal infections. Sometimes used for treatment atypical pneumonia(against the background of chlamydia, mycoplasmas). Not for use in children under 2 months of age.

Clarithromycin (Klacid) - indicated for gastrointestinal infections (including Helicobacter pylori), pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis. The suspension can be taken with food; there is no need to wait two hours after eating. Available in granules for suspension preparation in dosages of 125 and 250 mg. IN finished form the suspension can be stored for no more than 2 weeks.

Sumamed ( 230 R)

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Unidox Solutab) are ambiguous drugs, with a large number side effects(impaired formation of enamel and bones, gastrointestinal dysfunction) are rarely used in children with a limited number of infections, for example, with mycoplasma pneumonia and only after 8 years.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Mofloxacin) – excellent means for adults. Should not be used in children, remaining in reserve for unforeseen circumstances (insensitive urinary tract infections, cystic fibrosis). The lack of prospects in the world for the development of new antibiotics leaves a child treated with fluoroquinolone for bronchitis or otitis unprotected in the event of a severe infection resistant to common antibiotics.

If your child coughs

Coughing is a protective mechanism that allows a child to clear the airways of infectious agents and mucus. During a viral attack, swelling and irritation of the respiratory tract develops with increased production mucus. Until the sputum becomes purulent or there is a suspicion of pneumonia (by a pediatrician, when listening and tapping chest) antibiotics are not needed. Inhalation with saline or expectorants through a nebulizer or taking expectorants in syrup is quite sufficient.

ARVI, bronchitis, rhinopharyngitis, pneumonia or whooping cough are often hidden behind a cough.

If the question arises about choosing an antibiotic for children for cough due to bronchitis or pneumonia, then aminopenicillins or cephalosporins come first (if penicillins were given recently or are ineffective). If you are intolerant to these groups, you can use macrolides.

If the intended beneficial effect from antibiotics exceeds negative impact antimicrobial agents on children's body, the doctor prescribes antibacterial therapy. The form in which the drugs will be prescribed largely influences the mood of the child during treatment.

If taking medications turns into a painful procedure, unpleasant and tasteless, it will be difficult for moms and dads to explain to the baby that the doctor is good man, and the medicine prescribed by him will help the baby recover.

Peculiarities

Antibiotics in the form of a suspension are often called “children’s antibiotics” by parents. Indeed, medications in this form are very convenient to give to newborns, infants, and older children. After all, a child, even at 5-6 years old, cannot always swallow a pill on his own, and caring parents naturally do not want to give injections to children, if there is a worthy and gentler alternative.

If the doctor does not insist on injections, then it makes sense to ask him whether it is possible to purchase the prescribed antibiotic in the form of a suspension.

Manufacturers grind the solid into powder or crush it into granules in factories. This product is then packaged in bottles.

It is very simple to prepare a suspension at home: just add chilled boiled water to the mark on the bottle into the pharmacy bottle. Moreover, first you need to fill half of the required amount, mix thoroughly, shake, let stand for a while, and then top up to the mark and mix thoroughly again so that there is no sediment left at the bottom of the bottle. Measure the resulting substance using a measuring syringe or spoon to the desired dose.

Typically, modern suspensions have a rather pleasant odor and fruity taste, the child does not need to be persuaded to take such medicine for a long time.

Antibiotic drugs in the form of a suspension are created primarily for children. They are intended for infants, infants, children under 5-6 years old, and sometimes older, if the child is capricious and refuses to take pills on his own. From the age of 12, children are allowed to take capsules.

For the convenience of parents, suspensions are available in various dosages, i.e. The concentration of the active substance in the dry preparation varies.

Indications

Antibiotics in the form of a suspension can be prescribed to children for various ENT diseases, for intestinal infections caused by bacilli and bacteria, for dental diseases, for inflammation of the genitourinary system, during rehabilitation after operations.

At viral infections– influenza, ARVI, acute respiratory infections, scarlet fever, chickenpox, measles, mononucleosis, antibiotics should not be taken!

The need to take antibiotics should be decided by a doctor, especially since since that year antibacterial drugs can no longer be purchased freely; the pharmacist will definitely ask you for a prescription.

Review of drugs

Suprax

Strong and effective antibiotic cephalosporin group is prescribed for neglected form illness, if it is severe or if antibiotics are weaker ( penicillin group or groups of macrolides) had no effect. The drug will be prescribed for bacterial infections respiratory tract, for pharyngitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, for diseases of the urinary tract caused by microbes, such as cystitis. A child may be prescribed Suprax for otitis media.

The pharmacy will offer you a children's version of the antibiotic - granules for preparing a suspension. It needs to be done in two stages. First add 40 mg chilled boiled water. Shake and let sit. Then add the rest of the liquid to the mark on the bottle. Shake again so that no undissolved particles remain.

Pantsef

A powerful third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic will be prescribed to children with complex pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and tonsillitis. The drug is effective in the treatment of sinusitis, acute or chronic bronchitis, purulent otitis. In pharmacies, Pancef is available both in granules for diluting the suspension, and in powder, which is used for the same purposes. Capacity – 100 mg.

The suspension should also be prepared in two steps, adding water and shaking until the substance is homogeneous.

The dosage of the drug is calculated according to the formula, depending on weight, age and severity of the disease.

The suspension is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 14 days.

Klacid

This is a macrolide antibiotic that is often prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis and otitis. Effective for skin infections. The pharmacist can offer you powders for preparing a suspension in 125 mg and 250 mg packaging. "Klacid" has distinguishing feature. This suspension can be given to the child with, before or after food. It doesn't have of great importance. In addition, the suspension can be washed down with milk (it is usually contraindicated to take antibacterial drugs with milk).

It is worth paying attention to the concentration of the drug. When using Klacida 250, in 5 ml. The medicine will contain 250 ml. antibiotic. It turns out that 150 mg. the medications needed for a child weighing 20 kg will be contained in 3 ml. suspensions.

The finished suspension should be stored for no more than 14 days.

Cephalexin

The first generation cephalosporin antibiotic is used to treat children with the most various diseases upper and lower respiratory tract. The doctor will recommend Cephalexin for bacterial diseases genitourinary system – for cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, etc.

The pharmacy will offer you suspension powders of different “calibers” - 125 mg, 250 and 500 mg. As well as granules, from which you can also prepare a suspension in a 250 mg bottle. You should take the prepared suspension about an hour before meals.

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 2 weeks.

Azithromycin

This one is strong and universal antibiotic broad spectrum of action, quickly copes with microorganisms that cause tonsillitis, sore throat, including purulent, otitis media, atypical diseases respiratory organs caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma.

The drug will benefit the child with skin infections and some stomach ailments. Azithromycin suspension is available in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg. The drug is not recommended for children under six months of age.

Macropen

A worthy representative of the macrolide group can be recommended by a doctor for bronchitis, even chronic, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, diphtheria and whooping cough. The medicine can be purchased in the form of a suspension, or rather in the form of dry granules for further dilution.

Azitrox

A macrolide antibiotic that is quickly absorbed and quickly eliminated from the body without accumulating in tissues. It is recommended for a child suffering from bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, including purulent otitis media. The drug is very effective for sinusitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, as well as for some inflammations Bladder, ureters. A suspension of this antibiotic can be made from ready-made pharmaceutical powder.

Augmentin

Common in pediatrics antimicrobial drug of the penicillin family helps cope with respiratory infections and ENT diseases. It has proven to be equally effective in treating a number of urinary tract infections, as well as infections of bones and joints. In pharmacies, pharmacists have three concentrations of dry matter for preparing the “children's form” - 125 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg.

Children weighing more than 40 kg are given doses, according to the instructions for use, similar to doses for adults. The prepared suspension should be stored for no more than one week.

Amoxicillin

Probably the most popular antibiotic. It is prescribed for children for tonsillitis, pneumonia, otitis media and bronchitis. Very effective against pathogens of cystitis and pyelonephritis. May be the mainstay of the treatment regimen typhoid fever, cholecystitis. It is prescribed for meningitis and salmonellosis. The suspension is available in granules for subsequent dilution in a single concentration of 250 mg.

The prepared suspension can be stored for no more than two weeks.

Amoxiclav

Also quite a popular antibiotic of the penicillin family. Prescribed for various ENT diseases and respiratory ailments. Can be prescribed for the treatment of cystitis, urethritis, bone and muscle infections. There are three options - bottles of dry matter are available in pharmacies at 125, 250 and 400 mg.

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator in a tightly closed container for no more than one week.

Ospamox

A penicillin antibiotic is often prescribed by pediatricians for the treatment of otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis, including chronic, skin infections and soft tissue diseases caused by microbes.

Available on pharmacy shelves big choice substances for the preparation of Ospamox suspensions. This is a dry substance in concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg and granules of 125 and 250 mg.

Dosage

The suspension cannot be washed down with milk!

Zinnat

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic can be prescribed by a doctor to a child for the treatment of pneumonia, bronchi, complex lung abscess, tonsillitis, otitis, infectious skin ailments. Copes perfectly with microbes that cause cystitis and pyelonephritis. In pharmacies, among other forms, it is available in granules for self-diluted suspension.

Infants under 3 months of age are not prescribed antibiotics.