Broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics: list, names. Indications for the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

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Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. May be of natural or semi-synthetic origin. Used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Broad-spectrum antibiotics - list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.
17. Azithromycin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Their advantage is a large list of microorganisms that are sensitive to the active substance. But there is also a drawback: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to suppression of the immune system and disruption of normal intestinal microflora.

List of strong new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandole.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cefroxitin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoxef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Klacid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fuzidin.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics of the new generation are notable for their deeper degree of purification of the active substance. Thanks to this, the drugs have much less toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm to the body as a whole.

Narrowly targeted:

Bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for cough and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of broad-spectrum drugs. This is explained by the fact that the analysis of sputum takes about seven days, and until the causative agent of the infection is precisely identified, a product with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is needed.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is unjustified. The fact is that the prescription of such drugs is effective if the nature of the disease is bacterial. If the cause of bronchitis is a virus, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Commonly used antibiotic drugs for inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Azithromycin.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Ceflocor.
6. Rovamycin.
7. Cefodox.
8. Lendatsin.
9. Ceftriaxone.
10. Macropen.

Angina

List of antibiotics for sore throat:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cefradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Azithromycin.
14. Roxithromycin.
15. Josamycin.
16. Tetracycline.
17. Doxycycline.
18. Lidaprim.
19. Biseptol.
20. Bioparox.
21. Inhalipt.
22. Grammidin.

The listed antibiotics are effective against sore throats caused by bacteria, most often bethemolytic streptococci. As for the disease caused by fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. Levorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Colds and flu (ARI, ARVI)

Antibiotics for the common cold are not included in the list of necessary medications, given the fairly high toxicity of antibiotics and possible side effects. Treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as restoratives, is recommended. In any case, it is necessary to consult a therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injections:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macropen.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin solutab.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hiconcil.
8. Amoxil.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Digital
12. Sporidex.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Vertsef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Duracef.

Treatment of bacterial infections today is impossible without the use of antibiotics. Microorganisms tend to become resistant to chemical compounds over time, and old drugs are often ineffective. Therefore, pharmaceutical laboratories are constantly looking for new formulas. In many cases, infectious disease specialists prefer to use new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics, the list of which includes drugs with different active ingredients.

Antibiotics act only on bacterial cells and are not able to kill viral particles.

Based on their spectrum of action, these drugs are divided into two large groups:

• narrowly targeted, coping with a limited number of pathogens;
• broad spectrum of action, fighting different groups of pathogens.

In the case where the pathogen is known exactly, antibiotics of the first group can be used. If the infection is complex and combined, or the pathogen has not been identified in the laboratory, drugs of the second group are used.

Based on the principle of action, antibiotics can also be divided into two groups:

• bactericides - drugs that kill bacterial cells;
• bacteriostatics are drugs that stop the proliferation of microorganisms, but are not able to kill them.

Bacteriostatics are safer for the body, therefore, for mild forms of infections, preference is given to this group of antibiotics. They allow you to temporarily restrain the growth of bacteria and wait for them to die on their own. Severe infections are treated with bactericidal drugs.

List of new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics

The division of antibiotics into generations is heterogeneous. For example, cephalosporin drugs and fluoroquinolones are divided into 4 generations, macrolides and aminoglycosides - into 3:

Unlike older drugs, new generation antibiotics affect beneficial flora much less, are absorbed faster, and have a less toxic effect on the liver. They are able to quickly accumulate the active substance in the tissues, due to which the frequency of doses is reduced and the intervals between them increase.

What medications should I take depending on the disease?

Often the same broad-spectrum drug is prescribed for different diseases. But this does not mean that you can do without preliminary diagnosis. Only a correct diagnosis allows you to adequately select an antibiotic.

Treatment of bronchitis

Bronchitis is a common infectious and inflammatory disease that can lead to serious complications. The following medications may be prescribed to treat bronchitis:

Along with antibiotics, mucolytic and anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the treatment of bronchitis.

For pneumonia

Pneumonia should never be treated independently at home. This disease requires mandatory hospitalization and serious therapy with intramuscular or intravenous antibiotics.

The following injection drugs can be used to treat pneumonia in a hospital:

• "Ticarcillin";
• "Carbenicillin";
• "Cefepime";
• "Meropenem".

In some cases, antibiotics are also prescribed in tablets. These may be drugs:

• "Tigeron";
• "Gatispan";
• "Sumamed";
• "Avelox".

The dosage and frequency of doses in this case are determined individually, based on the patient’s condition and therapeutic strategy.

Antibiotics for sinusitis

The decision to prescribe antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis is made by an ENT doctor. Therapy with these drugs is mandatory if there is purulent discharge from the sinuses and intense headaches:

Before prescribing antibiotics, an ENT doctor usually gives a referral for a bacterial culture and an antibiogram to determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to a particular active substance.

For sore throat

In everyday life, sore throat is commonly called acute tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. The bacterial form of sore throat is caused by streptococci or staphylococci, and this disease can only be treated with antibiotics:

It is important to understand that if acute tonsillitis is not bacterial, but viral in nature, it is useless to treat it with antibiotics. Only a doctor can distinguish between these two forms of the disease, so you should not take any medications without his consultation.

Colds and flu

Respiratory infections, which in everyday life are called colds, as well as influenza are caused by viruses. Therefore, antibiotics are used in their treatment only in one case: if the disease becomes complicated and a bacterial infection joins the viral infection.

In such situations, therapy is usually started with penicillin antibiotics:

• "Flemoxin Solutab";
• "Flemoclav Solutab".

If no improvement is observed after 72 hours after starting to take these drugs, new generation macrolides are added to therapy:

• "Sumamed";
• "Rulid";
• "AzitRus".

The regimen for taking antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory infections is standard, but medical supervision is also necessary in this case.

Infections of the genitourinary system

Urogenital infections can be caused by pathogens of different nature - viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoa. Therefore, it makes sense to start treatment only after a thorough laboratory diagnosis and determination of the type of pathogen.

In mild cases, the infection can be removed from the urinary tract using the following medications:

• “Furadonin” – 2 mg per 1 kg of weight 3 times a day;
• “Furazolidone” – 2 tablets 0.05 g 4 times a day;
• “Palin” – 1 capsule 2 times a day.

In more complex situations, when pathogens are highly resistant (resistant) to chemical influences, broad-spectrum antibiotics can be prescribed:

Along with antibiotics, in the treatment of genitourinary infections, plenty of fluids and diuretics are prescribed. In severe cases, injections of the drug Amikacin are advisable.

Antifungal drugs

To treat fungal infections, drugs with fungistatic or fungicidal effects are used. They differ from the drugs listed above and are classified into a separate class, within which there are three groups:

As in the treatment of bacterial infections, therapy for fungal diseases requires accurate diagnosis of the pathogen and strict supervision by a specialist.

For eye disease

Antibiotics for the treatment of eye diseases are available in the form of ointments or drops. They are prescribed if the ophthalmologist has diagnosed conjunctivitis, blepharitis, meibomitis, keratitis and a number of other infections.

Most often, therapy is carried out using the following drugs:

• "Tsipromed" - drops containing Ciprofloxacin;
• “Albucid” – drops with sulfacetamide;
• "Dilaterol" - drops based on tobramycin;
• “Tobrex” is an analogue of “Dilaterol” in the form of an ointment;
• "Kolbiocin" is a multicomponent ointment containing tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sodium colistimethate.

A specific drug is prescribed based on the diagnosis, severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Inexpensive new generation antibiotics

The cost of new generation antibiotics is never low, so you can save money only by buying inexpensive analogues. They are produced on the basis of the same active ingredients, however, the degree of chemical purification of such drugs may be lower, and the auxiliary substances for their production are the cheapest.

You can replace some expensive antibiotics using the following table:

Another way to save money is to buy older antibiotics, not the latest generation.

For example, in many cases the following proven antibacterial drugs can help out:

• "Erythromycin";
• "Ceftriaxone";
• "Bicillin";
• "Cefazolin";
• "Ampicillin."

If more than 72 hours have passed after starting treatment with inexpensive antibiotics, and no improvement is observed, you should urgently consult a doctor and change the drug.

Can it be used during pregnancy?

Antibiotics during pregnancy are prescribed by doctors only in emergency cases and after a thorough analysis of possible risks.

But even in such situations, drugs of the following groups are not used:

• all fluoroquinolones;
• macrolides based on roxithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin;
• all aminoglycosides.

Only the attending physician can decide on the advisability of prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy. Self-administration of any medications, even relatively safe ones and those belonging to the new generation, is strictly prohibited.

Antibiotics mean a wide group of drugs aimed at destroying viral bacteria.

The very first such medicine is penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming. Year of discovery - 1928. Based on this substance, extended-spectrum antibiotics of the newest generation were invented.

Most often, strong, fast-acting antibiotics are administered by injection intramuscularly or intravenously. This is due to the fact that they can disrupt the microflora of the stomach. In addition, this way they quickly get to the source of infection, starting work almost immediately after the injection.

The list of new antibiotics as solutions or powders for injection is quite extensive.

These medications include:

• cephalosporins, including Cefpirom, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone;
• beta-lactamase-resistant aminopenicillins "Sulbactam" and others;
• aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as Amikacin and Netilmicin;
• carbapenems, representatives of which are the drugs Ertapenem, Meropenem, Imipinem-cilastatin.

They are prescribed depending on the complexity of the case and the characteristics of the infectious agents.

List of new tablets and capsules

There are antibiotics in the form of capsules and tablets. They are often prescribed to children and pregnant women, as they are more gentle. It is believed that they do not harm the human body.

The list of tablets and capsules of new generation antibiotics is no less wide than the list of injections.

The first include:

• nitrofurans - “Nitrofurantoin”, “Ersefuril”, etc.;
• fluoroquinolones, including Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin;
• macrolides, representatives of which are Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Amoxicillin;
• natural macrolide antibiotics - “Sparfloxacin”, “Levofloxacin”, “Midecamycin” and others.

The latest - fourth generation antibiotics include Voriconazole, Posaconazole, Ravuconazole and many other names.

New broad spectrum drugs

Some doctors prefer narrowly targeted drugs, since they do not affect the integrity of the microflora of the human body.

For colds, ARVI

For colds, flu and ARVI, doctors prescribe macrolides, which are considered the safest among antibiotics.

These include the following drugs:

• "Erythromycin";
• "Spiramycin";
• "Leukomycin";
• "Clarithromycin";
• "Aziromycin";
• "Dirithromycin";
• "Rulid";
• "Azitral";
• "Sumamed."

Cephalexin or Cefamandol, which are characterized by a powerful bactericidal effect and a high degree of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, can also be prescribed.

For bronchitis and pneumonia

To treat bronchitis or pneumonia, combinations of antibiotics are used.

For possible complications in the course of the disease, a cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone or Cefepime) with a macrolide or fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin) is used. Moxifloxacin or Cefuroxime also effectively help with bronchitis and pneumonia.

New generation antibiotics for children

Scientists have conducted many studies to determine the reaction of the child’s body to antibiotics and have found that not all medications are useful for children.

They can only be used:

• macrolides, representatives of which are the drugs “Azithromycin”, “Midecamycin”, “Clarithromycin”, “Roxithromycin”;
• aminopenicillins, including Amoxicillin, Clavulanate;
• cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone, Cefepime.

Fluoroquinolones and carbapenems inhibit bone growth and lead to liver or kidney failure and are therefore prohibited for children and pregnant women. Of the nitrofurans, only Furacillin can be used for local treatment of wounds.

Features of broad-spectrum antibiotics

They are divided into two groups - the first suppresses the influence of viruses on human cells and deprives them of the opportunity to reproduce, and the second destroys them. In any case, the drugs act selectively without affecting healthy human cells. The spectrum of action of drugs can be both broad and narrowly targeted.

In dentistry

Dentists prescribe antibiotics for inflammation in the acute stage, as well as for the prevention of an infectious-inflammatory process before surgery, if the patient suffers from severe diseases of the internal organs (diabetes, vascular problems, kidney failure, ulcers, etc.).

The most commonly used medications are:

• "Doxycycline";
• "Ampioks";
• "Ooxacillin";
• "Gentamicin";
• "Clindamycin";
• "Sintomycin";
• "Lincomycin."

The latter is the most common in the field of dentistry. It accumulates in bone tissue and has a long-lasting effect, which is convenient for complex operations.

In urology

Antibiotics are widely used in urology, as they can get rid of infections quickly and without complications. Previously, people suffering from urological problems could die, but today such diseases are treated with literally one drug.

"Canephron" is suitable for the treatment of cystitis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis. "Palin" is prescribed for cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystopyelitis, pyelitis. "Nolitsin" relieves acute and chronic infections in the urological area.

In gynecology

Antibiotics are also used in gynecology to treat many diseases caused by inflammation, ranging from thrush to acute vaginitis.

The medicine "Unidox Solutab" easily copes with cystitis, "Monural" and "Furamag" are effective against various infections. If there are complications, gynecologists prescribe Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin.

To destroy pathogens of genitourinary infections, Nalidixic acid, Metronidazole, and Ceftriaxone are sometimes prescribed.

For various infections

Antibiotics are aimed at fighting against inflammatory agents, so they all help with various infections. The doctor only selects the right course and combination of drugs to increase the effectiveness of treatment. It is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the stage of the disease and the presence or absence of progress in its course.

The average course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days, depending on the above features. You should not take alcohol or drugs during treatment.

Estimated prices for new antibiotics

Prices for medicines are constantly rising. At the moment, the current estimated prices for new generation antibiotics are as follows:

• “Sumamed” – 300 rubles/6 tablets;
• “Azithromycin” – 100 rubles/6 capsules;
• “Amoxiclav” – 300 rubles/25 grams of powder;
• “Ampicillin” – 30 rubles/20 tablets;
• “Unidox Solutab” – 350 rubles/10 tablets;
• “Clindamycin” – 180 rubles/8 capsules;
• “Nystatin” – 40 rubles/20 tablets;
• “Tetracycline” – 80 rubles/20 tablets;
• “Cefalexin” – 100 rubles/16 capsules;
• “Erythromycin” – 120 rubles/10 tablets.

There are original drugs and generics. The latter are cheaper, since they are only a copy and differ in the presence of impurities in the composition, as well as serious side effects. It’s better not to risk your health and buy an expensive, but high-quality original.

Do you know? - Who invented antibiotics?