Location of human organs (photo). Human internal organs: location diagram. How does the human body work?

The human body is structured similarly to a complex mechanism in which all the parts are interconnected and work harmoniously. Published by us in this article to understand how the internal organs of a person are structured, the location diagram in the photo with inscriptions will help you understand the structure of the anatomy of a man and a woman.

Each organ has its own localization, structural features, primary and auxiliary functions. That is why very often, when one organic element malfunctions, several others indirectly suffer. In order to better feel your body and promptly help it cope with emerging difficulties in the form of diseases or injuries, a person needs to thoroughly know the precise location of his internal organs.

The body of a man and a woman includes three main zones for bundling certain group organs. These are the thoracic and abdominal regions, as well as the area of ​​the small and large pelvis. Single internal organs that do not have grouping are located in the spaces between the main zones.

A general introduction to the location of organs inside the human body begins with thyroid gland , which is located below the larynx in the lower front of the neck. This important element of the body during life can move slightly inward or downward, which is normal occurrence. Another expressed and non-group-forming inhabitant of the human body is diaphragm, located between the thoracic and abdominal zones. The main function of this organ is responsible for the free expansion of the lung area for the unhindered passage of air.

Thoracic region of the body and its components

The permanent and important organs of the sternum are the heart, lungs, bronchi and thymus.

• The main muscle of the human body is heart, an internal organ located above the diaphragmatic zone, between both lungs, with a significant shift in left side. The main task ensuring the vital activity of the human body as a whole is pumping the circulatory system. The heart muscle is very often individualized in its shape, which is due to several reasons. The visual appearance of the heart can be influenced by gender, age, lifestyle and overall health.
• The pulmonary system consists of a symmetrical arrangement lungs, filling most of the plane chest area from the collarbone to the diaphragm. In the photo diagram of the internal arrangement, the external appearance of the elements responsible for the breathing apparatus has an elongated cone-shaped appearance, reliably protected by ribs.
• Bronchi formed in the form of a regularly branched plant, the base - stem of which emerges from the trachea and grows in both lungs. Despite the same functionality, visualization of the bronchial branches is not symmetrical. The right-sided organ is somewhat thickened, unlike the left, and noticeably shortened. Within their system, bronchi are divided into subtypes: lobar extrapulmonary, segmental extrapulmonary, subsegmental intrapulmonary and bronchioles, smoothly flowing into the alveoli.
• Thymus– the thymus gland, the main immunologist of the human body, an internal organ located in the upper rear part of the sternum and having a fork-shaped shape.

Abdominal organs

This cavity is occupied by elements such as the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, adrenal glands, spleen and intestinal tract.

• Food pouch – stomach has elastic muscle tissue that allows the organ to stretch as it fills. In the human diagram, the location of the main food receptacle is located immediately below the diaphragm, shifting slightly to the left. Although pain when the stomach malfunctions is often localized in the center. The main function of this organ is to break down food into useful and nutritious substances using gastric juice.
• Liver, as a filtering mechanism, is a multifunctional and essential element of the digestive process. It is located in the right hypochondrium and has an uneven two-lobe structure, with a clear size advantage on the right. The task of liver activity is to ensure the body’s protection from intoxication, the production of cholesterol and the regulation of intercellular metabolism.
• Pancreas with its ability to produce enzymatic substances for digesting food, it is located according to the diagram of the internal organs of a person in the upper left part of the peritoneum, behind the stomach. Actively participates in metabolic processes and supplying the body with natural insulin.
• Gallbladder– small, but quite weighty for work gastrointestinal system organ. Produces bile necessary for the body in the right middle sector abdominal cavity. Despite its size and ovoid shape, it plays a huge role in digestion, malfunctions of which cause not only discomfort in the form of nausea, vomiting and pain on the right, but also participates in the development of peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.

Internal organs human: pictures of the abdominal cavity

• Twins in the abdominal cavity are kidneys, playing a critical role in urine - excretory system. They have a bilateral location in the posterior and lower part of the peritoneum, with some asymmetry of fit due to a slight difference in size. Left kidney slightly larger than the right one and located slightly higher. Their appearance visually resembles curved legume fruits.
• Adrenal glands, like satellites of the previous paired organs, are also located on both sides of the human abdominal cavity and provide significant functionality to the hormonal and endocrine system. More than 25 hormones are produced and released into the blood, including androgens, corticosteroids and adrenaline. They receive impulses from the nervous system due to the components of the medulla and cortex that fill these organs, which helps to correct the processes of excitation and inhibition during stress and disorders.
• The basis of the hematopoiesis scheme and immune system – spleen, found my location on the left upper area abdominal plane in the shape of an elongated oval. Protects human organ change from various kinds infections, enhances metabolism, regenerates platelets and red blood cells and very rarely gives pain signals about problems in its work.

Internal organs of the small and large pelvis

The genitourinary system of the body consists of the bladder and reproductive system, which in the female body contains the uterus and ovaries, and in the male body the seminal vesicles and prostate gland.

• Bladder located in the lower pelvic part behind pubic bone. The main function of this organ is of a collecting nature with periodic disposal of accumulated urine through the urethra. It has elastic muscle tissue that stretches with the presence of contents and contracts after emptying. Empty bladder is localized clearly behind the pubis, and when filled with urine it begins to grow upward, significantly changing its shape to ovoid. The enlargement of the organ has individual limits, sometimes reaching right up to the umbilical point. When the urinary activity of the bladder fails, the impulses may be pain during urination and cramping pain in the lower abdomen.
• Uterus located directly above bladder in the area of ​​the middle of the small pelvis. The most elastic organ female body V calm state has a length of about 7 cm, stretching to significant sizes during pregnancy. The sufficiency of free space around the uterus inside the body allows the uterus to also be the most mobile organ, capable of moving due to the fullness of the bladder and intestines. The shape is in the form of a flattened pear and is rounded at the bottom, in the area of ​​​​the transition to the cervix. The main task of the organ is to continue the human race. The reservoir for the formation and bearing of a baby is equipped with a three-layer wall structure responsible for the supply of nutrients, and also has protective functions and sufficient muscle tone necessary for the birth process.
• Ovaries- a paired organ of the exclusively female body, responsible for the ability to bear children. In addition to the main task, which is the formation and maturation of germ cells, it is involved in the production of sex and steroid hormones. They are located on the diagram of the internal organs on both sides of the uterus, located symmetrically in relation to it. The cyclical activity of the ovaries is shown by the menstrual process, which characterizes the monthly renewal of the cellular complex produced for fertilization.
• Seminal vesicles– organs are exclusively twins male body, placed in the posterior lateral area relative to the bladder. They have an excretory function, producing the necessary secretion for the nutrition and promotion of sperm. They take an active part in the process of ejaculation.
• Prostate is located in the diagram of the arrangement of human organs in the front in the central lower region of the male pelvis, located under the bladder. Appearance The shape resembles a chestnut, with furrow divisions in the center. The main task of the prostate is to secrete the basic secretory fluid contained in sperm, rich in immunoglobulins and enzymatic substances. An auxiliary function is to block the output urethra in a state of erection. The prostate gland is also involved in the process of ejaculation, due to its ability to intensely contract muscle tissue, and helps to thin the consistency of sperm as a whole to enhance sperm motility and vital activity.

The human body is the object of constant research and experimentation. Preservation and protection of internal organs is an innate instinct of any living creature. Unfortunately, people do not always treat their bodies with due respect. And these are not necessarily bad habits or an unhealthy lifestyle. Heavy physical work, hypothermia or other unforeseen situations may cause malfunction internal systems, therefore, a clear knowledge of the location of one’s vital organs will help a person determine the cause of discomfort and facilitate the placement accurate diagnosis to the attending physician.

The structure of the human body is unique. The coordinated work of each organ ensures vital activity. Each region consists of a specific set of organs.

Humans are the most complex organism on our planet, capable of performing several functions simultaneously. All organs have their responsibilities and perform their work smoothly: the heart pumps blood, distributing it throughout the body, the lungs process oxygen into carbon dioxide, and the brain processes thought processes, others are responsible for a person’s movement and life activities.

Anatomy is the science that studies the human structure. She distinguishes between the external (what can be observed visually) and internal (hidden from view) structure of a person.

External structure- these are parts of the body that are open to the human eye and can easily be listed:

• head - the upper round part of the body
• neck - part of the body connecting the head and torso
• chest - front part of the body
• back - rear end torso
• torso - human body
• upper limbs - hands
• lower limbs- legs

The internal structure of a person - consists of a number of internal organs that are located inside a person and have their own functions. The internal structure of a person consists of the main, more important organs:

• brain
• lungs
• heart
• liver
• stomach
• intestines

A more detailed listing of the internal structure includes blood vessels, glands and other vital organs.

It can be seen that the structure human body similar to the structure of representatives of the animal world. This fact is explained by the fact that, according to the theory of evolution, man descended from mammals.

Man developed together with animals, and scientists often notice his similarity with some representatives of the animal world at the cellular and genetic level.

Cell - elementary particle of the human body. A cluster of cells forms textile, which actually makes up the internal organs of a person.

All human organs are united into systems that work in a balanced manner to ensure the full functioning of the body. The human body consists of the following important systems:

• Musculoskeletal system- provides a person with movement and supports the body in the required position. It consists of a skeleton, muscles, ligaments and joints
• Digestive system - the most complex system in the human body, it is responsible for the digestion process, providing a person with energy for life
• Respiratory system - consists of lungs and respiratory tract which are designed to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide, oxygenating the blood
• The cardiovascular system - has the most important transport function, providing blood to everything human body
• Nervous system — regulates all functions of the body, consists of two types of brain: the brain and the spinal cord, as well as nerve cells and nerve endings
• Endocrine system regulates nervous and biological processes in the body
• Reproductive and urinary system - a number of organs that differ in structure between men and women. Have important functions: reproductive and excretory
• Integumentary system - provides protection of internal organs from the external environment, represented by the skin

Video: “Human Anatomy. Where is what?

The brain is an important human organ

The brain provides a person with mental activity, distinguishing him from other living organisms. Essentially it is a mass nerve tissue. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres, the pons and the cerebellum.

• Large hemispheres necessary to manage all thought processes and provide a person with conscious management with all the movements
• At the back of the brain is cerebellum. It is thanks to him that a person is able to control the balance of the entire body. The cerebellum controls muscle reflexes. Even such an important action as withdrawing your hand from a hot surface so as not to injure skin covering- controls the cerebellum
• Pons lies below the cerebellum at the base of the skull. Its function is very simple - to receive nerve impulses and transmit them
• The other bridge is oblong, located slightly lower and connects to the spinal cord. Its function is to receive and transmit signals from other departments

Video: “Brain, structure and functions”

What organs are inside the chest?

There are several vital organs in the chest cavity:

• lungs
• heart
• bronchi
• trachea
• esophagus
• diaphragm
• thymus

The rib cage is a complex structure primarily filled with lungs. It contains the most important muscular organ - the heart and large blood vessels. Diaphragm- a wide flat muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity.

Heart - Between the two lungs, in the chest there is this cavity organ-muscle. Its dimensions are not large enough and it does not exceed the volume of a fist. The organ's task is simple but important: to pump blood into the arteries and receive venous blood.

The position of the heart is quite interesting - oblique presentation. The wide part of the organ is directed up, back to the right, and the narrow part is directed down to the left.

• The main vessels come from the base of the heart (the wide part). The heart must regularly pump and process blood, distributing fresh blood throughout the body
• The movement of this organ is ensured by two halves: the left and right ventricle
• The left ventricle of the heart is larger than the right
• The pericardium is the tissue covering this muscular organ. The outer part of the pericardium is connected to blood vessels, the inner part grows to the heart

Lungs - the most voluminous paired organ in the human body. This organ occupies most of the chest. These organs are exactly the same, but it is worth noting that they have different functions and structures.

As you can see in the picture, right lung has three lobes, compared to the left, which has only two. Also, the left lung has a bend on the left side. The task of the lungs is to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide and saturate the blood with oxygen.

Trachea - occupies a position between the bronchi and larynx. The trachea is cartilaginous half-rings and connective ligaments, as well as muscle tissue on back wall covered with mucus. Inferiorly, the trachea divides into two bronchus These bronchi go to the left and right lungs. In fact, the bronchus is the most common extension of the trachea. The lung inside consists of many branches of the bronchi. Functions of the bronchi:

• airway - carrying air through the lungs
• protective - cleansing function

Esophagus - a long organ that originates in the larynx and passes through aperture(muscular organ) connecting to the stomach. The esophagus has circular muscles that move food to the stomach.

Thymus gland - gland, which has found its place under the sternum. It can be considered part of the human immune system.

Video: “Organs of the thoracic cavity”

What organs are included in the abdominal cavity?

The abdominal organs are the organs of the digestive tract, as well as the pancreas along with the liver and kidneys. The spleen, kidneys, stomach and genitals are also located here. The abdominal organs are covered with peritoneum.

Stomach - one of the main organs digestive system. Essentially, it is a continuation of the esophagus, separated by a valve that covers the entrance to the stomach.

The stomach is shaped like a bag. Its walls are capable of producing special mucus (juice), the enzymes of which break down food.

• Intestines - the longest and most voluminous part gastric tract. The intestines begin immediately after the outlet of the stomach. It is built in a loop shape and ends with an outlet. The intestines have thick, small intestines and direct
• The small intestine (duodenum and ileum) passes into the large intestine, the colon into the rectum
• The task of the intestines is to digest and remove leftover food from the body

Liver - the largest gland in the human body. It is also involved in the digestion process. Its task is to ensure metabolism and participate in the blood circulation process.

It is located directly under the diaphragm and is divided into two lobes. Vein connects the liver to duodenum. The liver is closely related and functions with the gallbladder.

Kidneys - paired organ located in lumbar region. They perform an important chemical function - regulation of homeostasis and urination.

The kidneys are bean-shaped and are part of the urinary organs. Directly above the kidneys are adrenal glands

Bladder - a kind of bag for collecting urine. It is located just behind the pubic bone in the groin area.

Spleen - located above the diaphragm. Has a number of important functions:

• hemorrhage
• body protection

The spleen has the ability to change in size depending on the accumulation of blood.

How are the pelvic organs located?

These organs are located in a space limited pelvic bone. It is worth noting that women's and men's pelvic organs to differ.

• Rectum - a similar organ in both men and women. This is the final part of the intestine. Digestive products are removed through it. The length of the rectum should be about fifteen centimeters
• Bladder differs in location, female and male placement in the cavity. In women, it is in contact with the walls of the vagina, as well as the uterus; in men, it is adjacent to the seminal vesicles and streams that remove the seed, as well as to the rectum

• Vagina - hollow tubular organ, which is located from the genital slit to the uterus. It is about 10 centimeters long and is adjacent to the cervix, the organ passes through the genitourinary diaphragm
• Uterus - an organ made up of muscles. It is pear-shaped and is located behind the bladder but in front of the rectum. The organ is usually divided into: fundus, body and neck. Performs reproductive function
• Ovary - paired organ ovoid in shape. This is a female gland that produces hormones. The maturation of eggs occurs in them. The ovary is connected to the uterus by the fallopian tubes

• Seminal vesicle - is located behind the bladder and looks like a paired organ. This is secretory male organ. Its size is approximately five centimeters in diameter. It consists of bubbles connected to each other. The function of the organ is to produce seed for fertilization
• Prostate - an organ consisting of muscles and glands. It is located directly on the urogenital diaphragm. The base of the organ is the urinary and seminal canal

Video: “Human Anatomy. Abdominal organs"

How is a person made?

Science has long been collecting bits and pieces of knowledge about how humans work. Anatomy studies the shape and structure of the human body, which is subject to changes over time (historical process, individual characteristics), space (on planet Earth) and under the influence of other factors (climatic, environmental, social, etc.).

How is a person created? There are external and internal structure human body. External structure refers to the visible parts of our body, such as the head, torso, arms and legs. As for the internal structure, it is worth mentioning the most elementary unit with which the life of any organism begins - the living cell. The cell is a small lump of protoplasm with a nucleus, complexly organized living system. It has its own metabolism, is capable of self-reproduction, development, and independent existence.

Structure of bones and joints

Did you know that the skeleton of a newborn baby consists of 350 bones? And the skeleton of an adult human contains 206 bones. The secret is that the skeleton of a newborn is more mobile, which makes it easy to be born, and over time, some bones grow together. The skeleton is divided into two groups: accessory and axial. Axial skeleton- chest, skull and spine. Accessory - belt of the upper and lower extremities, upper and lower extremities. There are no serious differences between male and female skeletons with the exception of the bones of the fingers and limbs, which are longer and thicker in men.

Muscular system

Muscles consist of elastic and elastic muscle tissue, which is capable of contracting under the influence of various factors. Thanks to muscles, we can express our emotions and put our thoughts into action. The work of muscle tissue is controlled by the human nervous system. There are three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. The human body contains up to 850 muscles, the most voluminous are the gluteal muscles, and the strongest and most resilient are the calf muscles and chewing muscles. The right image life, sports, absence bad habits promotes active development muscular system.

Endocrine system

This system unites the glands internal secretion humans, which regulate the activity, development and condition of internal organs with the help of hormones. Also, together with the nervous system, it is able to regulate emotional and mental condition person. The endocrine system consists of the glandular and diffuse systems. The main place in the endocrine system is occupied by the thyroid gland, which protects the body as a whole. Through thyroid gland all the blood circulates (17 minutes - a full cycle). The iodine released from the gland destroys unstable microorganisms and weakens the effect of viruses until they are completely neutralized.

Nervous system

The nervous system of the human body is divided into the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The main functional element of the nervous system is nerve cells, neurons. Head and spinal cord- components of the central nervous system, which is connected to all tissues and organs through the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Nerves, ganglia and nerve endings- components of the PNS. Interestingly, the human body contains up to 100 billion nerve cells, the brain spends about 10 watts of energy, and up to 750 ml of blood flows in 1 minute. Nerve cells process about a thousand pulses per second. The nervous system regulates the relationship of the body with the environment, ensures the functioning of mental processes, which are responsible for thinking, remembering and learning.

Circulatory system

The circulatory system is represented by a group of organs that are necessary for blood circulation. The central and main mechanism of the circulatory system is the pulsating organ - the heart. Blood circulation involves the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, salts, hormones and other substances to all organs of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart and many channels (vessels) that transport blood to all vital important bodies. Channels (vessels) are divided into three types: arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, branch into vessels (of smaller diameter), and blood flows to all parts of the body. The arteries have the largest diameter near the heart. In parts of the body distant from the heart, the vessels are so small that they are visible only under a microscope. It is these invisible capillaries that supply cells with oxygen and nutrients. After the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, the blood with the end products of metabolism and carbon dioxide is sent to the heart through the veins, and from the heart to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. As a result of this gas exchange, the blood gets rid of carbon dioxide and is saturated with oxygen.

Internal organs

Human internal organs are usually divided into two sections - upper and lower. Upper section - chest cavity, located behind the ribs and above the diaphragm. This is where the heart and lungs are located. Lower section- the abdominal cavity, which contains the intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, bladder, spleen, gall bladder, stomach and other organs.

The human body is a perfect creation of nature with complex mechanism. It is necessary to take care of your body, so knowledge of how a person works is very useful for everyone.

The human body is a very complex and intricate system that baffles doctors and researchers.
Even we are surprised by the features own body and body parts.
Let's learn a little more about the human body from interesting facts.

Brain
The brain is the most complex and least studied human organ. There is a lot we don't know about him, but nevertheless, here are some facts about him.

1. Nerve impulses moving at a speed of 270 km/h.
2. The brain requires as much energy to function as a 10-watt light bulb.
3. Cage human brain can store five times more information than any encyclopedia.
4. The brain uses 20% of all oxygen that enters the brain circulatory system.
5. The brain is much more active at night than during the day.
6. Scientists say that the higher the IQ level, the more often people dream.
7. Neurons continue to grow throughout a person's life.
8. Information passes through different neurons with at different speeds.
9. The brain itself does not feel pain.
10. 80% of the brain consists of water.

Hair and nails
In fact, these are not living organs, but remember how women worry about their nails and hair, how much money they spend on caring for them! On occasion, you can tell your lady a couple of such facts, she will probably appreciate it.

11. Hair grows faster on your face than anywhere else.
12. Every day a person loses an average of 60 to 100 hairs.
13. Diameter women's hair half that of men.
14. Human hair can bear 100g weight.
15. The nail on the middle finger grows faster than the others.
16. There is as much hair on a square centimeter of a human body as on a square centimeter of a chimpanzee's body.
17. Blondes have more hair.
18. Fingernails grow about 4 times faster than toenails.
19. Average duration The life of a human hair is 3-7 years.
20. You need to be at least half bald for it to become noticeable.
21. Human hair is practically indestructible.

Internal organs
We don’t remember the internal organs until they bother us, but it is thanks to them that we can eat, breathe, walk and all that stuff. Remember this the next time your stomach growls.

22. The largest internal organ is small intestine.
23. Human heart creates pressure that is enough for blood to spray seven and a half meters forward.
24. Stomach acid can dissolve razor blades.
25. The length of all blood vessels in the human body is about 96,000 km.
26. The stomach is completely renewed every 3-4 days.
27. The surface area of ​​a person’s lungs is equal to the area of ​​a tennis court.
28. A woman’s heart beats faster than a man’s.
29. Scientists say that the liver has more than 500 functions.
30. The aorta has a diameter of almost equal to diameter garden hose.
31. The left lung is smaller than the right - so that there is room for the heart.
32. You can remove most of the internal organs and move on with your life.
33. The adrenal glands change size throughout human life.

Organism's functions
We don't really like to talk about them, but we have to deal with them every day. Here are some facts about the not so pleasant things that concern our body.

34. The speed of sneezing is 160 km/h.
35. The speed of coughing can even reach 900 km/h.
36. Women blink twice as often as men.
37. A full bladder is the size of a softball.
38. Approximately 75% of human waste products consist of water.
39. There are approximately 500,000 on their feet sweat glands, they can produce up to a liter of sweat per day!
40. Over the course of a lifetime, a person produces so much saliva that it can fill a couple of swimming pools.
41. The average person passes gas 14 times a day.
42. Earwax is essential for healthy ears.

Sex and procreation
Sex is a largely taboo but very important part of human life and relationships. Continuation of the family line is no less important. Perhaps you didn't know a few things about them.

43. Every single day, 120 million sexual acts occur in the world.
44. Most big cage In humans, the egg is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.
45. During the first trimester of pregnancy, women most often see frogs, worms and plants in their dreams.
46. ​​Teeth begin to grow six months before birth.
47. Almost all children are born with blue eyes.
48. Children are strong as bulls.
49. One in 2,000 children is born with a tooth.
50. The fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months.
51. Each person was a single cell for half an hour of his life.
52. Most men have an erection every hour or every hour and a half during sleep: after all, the brain is much more active at night.

Feelings
We perceive the world through our senses. Here are interesting facts about them.

53. After a hearty lunch, we hear worse.
54. Only one third of all people have one hundred percent vision.
55. If saliva cannot dissolve something, you will not feel the taste.
56. From birth, women have a better developed sense of smell than men.
57. The nose remembers 50,000 different aromas.
58. Pupils dilate even due to slight interference.
59. All people have their own unique smell.

Aging and death
We age throughout our lives - that’s how it works.

60. The mass of the ashes of a cremated person can reach 4 kg.
61. By the age of sixty, most people have lost about half of their taste buds.
62. Eyes remain the same size throughout your life, but your nose and ears grow throughout your life.
63. At age 60, 60% of men and 40% of women will snore.
64. A child’s head is a quarter of his height, and by the age of 25, the length of the head is only an eighth of the entire length of the body.

Diseases and injuries
We all get sick and injured. And this is also quite interesting!

65. Most often, heart attacks occur on Monday.
66. People can go much longer without food than without sleep.
67. When you sunburn, it damages your blood vessels.
68. 90% of diseases occur due to stress.
69. A human head remains conscious for 15-20 seconds after it is cut off.

Muscles and bones
Muscles and bones are the frame of our body, thanks to them we move and even just lie.

70. You tense 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. If you don't want to strain your face, smile. One who often walks for a long time with with a sour expression, knows how hard it is.
71. Children are born with 300 bones, but adults have only 206.
72. In the morning we are a centimeter higher than in the evening.
73. The strongest muscle of the human body is the tongue.
74. The heaviest bone in the human body is the jaw.
75. To take a step, you use 200 muscles.
76. The tooth is the only organ incapable of regeneration.
77. Muscles shrink twice as fast as they build.
78. Some bones are stronger than steel.
79. The feet contain a quarter of all the bones of the human body.

On cellular level
There are things that you cannot see with the naked eye.

80. There are 16,000 bacteria per square centimeter of the body.
81. Every 27 days you literally change your skin.
82. Every minute 3,000,000 cells die in the human body.
83. Humans lose about 600,000 pieces of skin every hour.
84. Every day, the adult human body produces 300 billion new cells.
85. All tongue prints are unique.
86. There is enough iron in the body to make a 6 cm nail.
87. The most common blood type in the world is first.
88. Lips are red because there are many capillaries under the skin.

Miscellaneous
A couple more interesting facts

89. The colder the room where you sleep, the higher the likelihood that you will have a nightmare.
90. Tears and mucus contain the enzyme lysozyme, which destroys cell walls many bacteria.
91. In half an hour, the body releases as much energy as it takes to boil one and a half liters of water.
92. Ears highlight more earwax when you are afraid.
93. You can't tickle yourself.
94. The distance between your arms outstretched to the sides is your height.
95. Man is the only animal that cries because of emotions.
96. Right-handers live on average nine years longer than left-handers.
97. Women burn fat slower than men - by about 50 calories per day.
98. The pit between the nose and lip is called the nasal philtrum.

Man is rightfully considered the most complex living organism. Its anatomy ensures normal functioning and its resistance to environment. If we allow some metaphor, then the human body is at the same time a warehouse, an electric company, a pharmacy, and a wastewater treatment plant. Thanks to its anatomical structure, the human body has strength and strength.

Anatomy is a science that studies the structure of a person, its external and internal components. At the same time, human anatomy clearly demonstrates how perfect and at the same time fragile the human body is. After all, damage to one system can cause disruptions in the work of all other departments.

Human anatomy is divided into internal and external structure. The external structure of a person is the parts of the body that everyone can see and name:

• head;
• in front - sternum;
• behind - back;
• upper and lower limbs.

Skeleton

The human skeleton includes:

• scull;
• cervical vertebrae;
• lower jaw;
• sternum;
• collarbone;
• brachial bone;
• ribs;
• shoulder blades;
• xiphoid process;
• sacrum;
• coccyx;
• radius;
• elbow bone;
• hand bones;
• femur;
• tibia;
• fibula;
• bones of the foot.

The human skeleton is a kind of framework for internal organs, which includes many different bones connected into joints.

When a child is born, his skeleton has 350 bones. As we grow older, some bones fuse together, so an adult has 200 of them. All of them are divided into two groups:

1. Axial bones that are included in load-bearing structures.
2. Accessory bones.

Adult developed bone includes:

• organic fabric;
• inorganic fabric;
• water.

Cartilage

Cartilage tissue can sometimes be a constituent component of bone, and sometimes acts as a temporary element. It should be noted that cartilage tissue less durable and dense than bone.

Cartilage contains specific cells - chondrocytes. Characteristic feature cartilage is the absence of blood vessels around it, that is, they do not penetrate it and do not nourish it. Cartilage receives nutrition from the fluid that is found in the tissues surrounding it.

Cartilage is of the following types:

• yellow fibrous;
• hyaline;
• white fibrous.

Articulations

• articulations of the body bones;
• articulations of the bones of the torso and head;
• articulations of the bones of the upper limbs;
• articulations of the bones of the lower extremities.

The joints provide movement to the muscles that are attached to the tendons. The ability of muscles to contract allows you to move your torso, arms and legs, as well as perform a variety of actions: jumping, turning around, stopping suddenly, running, bending and even smiling.

Internal structure of a person

The internal structure of a person is organs of primary importance that have their own functions and are not open to the human eye. These include:

• heart;
• stomach;
• lungs;
• brain;
• liver;
• lungs;
• intestines.

In addition to the above parts, the internal structure of a person includes secretion glands, nerve trunks, blood vessels, etc. These include:

• thymus;
• mammary glands (in women);
• prostate gland (in men);
• adrenal glands;
• thyroid;
• pituitary;
• pineal gland;
• endocrine glands;
• exocrine.

The nervous system includes: central and peripheral sections. Vascular system includes: veins, capillaries; arteries.

It is well known that anatomical structure The human body has certain similarities with some animals. This fact is due to the fact that humans evolved from mammals. It has not only anatomical similarity, but also similar cellular structure and similar DNA.

The human body consists of cells that group together to form the epithelium, from which all human organs are formed.

All departments of the human body are connected into systems that function harmoniously to ensure sustainable human life:

1. Cardiovascular. It plays a major role because it pumps blood and transports it to all other organs.
2. Respiratory. Saturates the blood with oxygen and also converts it into carbon dioxide.
3. Nervous. Includes the spinal cord and brain, nerve endings, trunks and cells. The main task is the regulation of all body functions.
4. Digestive. The most complex system in humans. The main task is to digest food, providing the body with nutrients and energy for life.
5. Endocrine. Debugs nervous and biological processes.
6. Musculoskeletal. Facilitates movement of a person and supports his body in vertical position. It includes: joints, ligaments, muscles.
7. Skin or integumentary system. It is a protective shell that prevents harmful elements from penetrating inside.
8. Urinary and sexual. The genital organs are divided into male and female. The main function is reproductive and excretory.

What organs does the chest hide?

In the chest are located:

• heart;
• lungs;
• bronchi;
• trachea;
• esophagus;
• diaphragm;
• thymus.

Heart

The heart is located between the lungs and is essentially a muscle. In size, the heart is no larger than a person’s fist, that is, if each person clench a fist, then its size will be identical to his heart. Its function is to receive and pump blood. It has an unusual oblique arrangement: one side extends to the right, up and back, and the other down and to the left.

The main vessels branch from right side muscles. The beating of the heart is ensured by its two sides: left and right. The left ventricle is larger than the right one. The heart is lined with a specific tissue called the pericardium. Interior The pericardium grows to the heart, and the outer one is connected to the blood vessels.

Lungs

The largest paired organ that occupies the main part of the chest. The lungs are located on both sides of the heart and are enclosed in the pleural sacs. Despite the fact that the right and left lungs are not much different in appearance, they have different functions and structures.

As you can see in the picture, the lungs are made up of lobes: the left lung includes two lobes, and the right lung has three. The left lung has a bend on the left side, while the right lung does not have such a bend. The main function of the lungs is to supply the blood with oxygen and convert it into carbon dioxide.

Trachea

Located between the bronchi and larynx. It consists of cartilaginous half-rings, connective ligaments and muscles that are located on the back wall, covered with mucus. At the bottom, the trachea divides into two bronchi, which go to the lungs. The bronchi are a continuation of the trachea. They perform the following functions:

• carrying air through the lungs;
• protective and cleaning function.

Esophagus

It is a long tube that starts in the larynx. Passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach. The esophagus consists of circular muscles that move food towards the stomach.

What organs are hidden in the abdominal cavity?

The abdominal cavity contains parts of the body that enter the digestive system. These include:

• stomach;
• liver;
• gallbladder;
• pancreas;
• duodenum;
• small intestine;
• colon;
• rectum;
• anus.

Stomach

The main part of the digestive system. It is a continuation of the esophagus, which is separated from it by a valve covering the entrance. The stomach is shaped like a pouch, fills with food and produces juice (a specific liquid) rich in enzymes that break down food.

Intestines

The intestine is the longest part of the digestive tract. It begins after the gastric outlet. It is shaped like a loop and ends with an outlet hole. The intestine consists of:

• small intestine;
• colon;
• rectum.

The small intestine consists of the duodenum and ileum, which pass into the large intestine, and the large intestine into the rectum. The main function of the intestines is to digest food and remove its remains from the body.

Liver

The largest gland in the human body. Also involved in the digestion process. The main task is to ensure metabolism and participate in the process of hematopoiesis. It is located immediately below the diaphragm and is divided into two parts called lobes. Connects to the duodenum, is closely connected with portal vein, communicates and functions with the gallbladder.

Spleen

Located under the diaphragm. The main functions are:

• in the formation of blood elements;
• protection of the body.

The spleen changes in size depending on the amount of accumulated blood.

Kidneys

The kidneys are also located in the abdominal cavity, despite the fact that they are not related to digestive tract. Kidneys - consist of paired parts that perform important function: regulation of homeostasis. They have the shape of beans and are involved in the process of urination. The ureters are located directly above the kidneys.