How to lower a child's blood pressure. Manifestations of hypertension. How to lower your child's blood pressure at home

/ High blood pressure in children

Problems with blood pressure It can be found much less frequently in children than in adults. But, unfortunately, it is impossible to call childhood hypertension a rarity or an exception. The main thing is to recognize the violation early stage and make every effort to ensure that health problems do not in any way affect the further full development of your child.

From the article you will learn about what types of disorders related to high blood pressure can be found in children. We'll talk about symptoms and qualified treatment of this disease.

Types of blood pressure disorders in children

What is blood pressure? The blood in our body constantly flows through veins, arteries and capillaries. The pressure that the blood in the artery exerts on its wall is called arterial pressure. It has an upper indicator - pressure ( upper pressure, systolic) at the moment of contraction of the heart muscle, the lower indicator (lower pressure, diastolic) - at the moment of relaxation of the heart.

The person’s well-being and the functioning of all body systems depend on what numbers the pressure measuring device (tonometer) shows. Do you still doubt that monitoring your child’s blood pressure is extremely important?

Blood pressure levels in children and adults depend on many indicators. It could be your mood, the weather outside, your diet, your health, your level of physical activity, and even the atmosphere in your family - it can go up and down, and there’s nothing wrong with such fluctuations. It’s another matter when the pressure rises to certain values ​​or remains at an unacceptable level for quite a long time. In this case, they talk about disorders, that is, hypertension.

Hypertension is blood pressure readings that are higher than acceptable values. Of course, a child’s body is a complex thing, and any values ​​​​add up individually for each person (regardless of his age), however, experts have tried to develop a universal guide table that allows you to notice pressure disorders:

Note that at 16-18 years of age, acceptable blood pressure levels reach adult values. It is very important to monitor your blood pressure both during adolescence and beyond. early age, because it depends on it to provide the body with oxygen and all nutrients, which means the full development of the child. In addition, problems with blood pressure are directly related to heart health, since this organ wears out much faster if no effort is made to combat the unpleasant indicators of the blood pressure monitor.

Causes of hypertension in children

Note that hypertension in children is much more common than low blood pressure. There are a number of factors that can cause increased blood pressure:

• physical exercise;
• emotional arousal;
• past illnesses;
• incorrect medication use.

In addition, secondary hypertension includes increased pressure caused by pathologies of the body or hereditary predisposition:

• kidney disease;
• endocrine diseases.

Because the causes of hypertension vary, it is very important to determine the source of the disease and prescribe correct treatment, otherwise therapy may lead to unpleasant consequences.

However, to fully understand the reasons high blood pressure can only be a doctor who prescribes necessary research and will tell you how to monitor your child’s blood pressure and take regular measurements.

How to measure blood pressure correctly?

Often, problems with blood pressure turn out to be far-fetched. Why is this happening? It's all about imprecise measurement. No, the devices are not that important here. Modern blood pressure monitors are very accurate and are unlikely to deceive you. Another thing is that you need to analyze indicators at rest.

So if your child has just come from a sports session, was enthusiastically telling a stunning story, or was laughing with friends, then you can safely not trust the tonometer readings. Sometimes it is for these reasons that a child is diagnosed with imaginary disorders - the doctor measures blood pressure without taking into account external factors, although a schoolchild or preschooler may be absolutely healthy.

In addition, you should pay Special attention to the size of the tonometer cuff. Manufacturers often produce devices designed for the shoulder of an adult - these can also give erroneous values. The cuff should compress the skin very tightly.

Symptoms of blood pressure disorders

You may notice that your child's blood pressure rises if you don't have a blood pressure monitor on hand. They will tell you about problems in the body external signs. You should pay attention to the symptoms if:

• the child complains of headaches;
• the child feels dizzy;
• the child complains of weakness;
• the child talks about visual impairment;
• the child experiences shortness of breath.

These visible signs should become a kind of beacon for you, but we would like to note that a child may have problems with blood pressure, but not manifest themselves clearly. It may be worth considering regular preventative blood pressure measurements, even if there are no obvious signs.

Treatment of blood pressure disorders in children

In most cases, primary hypertension in children is a reversible process. And you can easily cope with the symptoms by consulting a doctor and strictly following all instructions.

“High blood pressure (above 130 upper, above 90 lower) was diagnosed by a cardiologist more than two years ago (the child was 5 years old). The pressure does not cause any discomfort to my daughter, so we did not notice that anything was wrong. We were seen by a cardiologist due to congenital disease and malformations of internal organs.

They were examined by cardiologists, urologists and nephrologists. The cause of the high blood pressure was never determined. We regularly take a course of medication to lower blood pressure, but there are no significant changes observed, since the cause has not been determined.

Now we are undergoing examination at the Regional Children's Hospital for the main disease and at the same time we are checking concomitant diagnoses. We were prescribed new types of examinations, and, I hope, after them we will find out more precisely what the reason is.”

Happy mother Ekaterina Kazakevich

Difficulties at school are one of the most important factors in the development of primary hypertension. A constantly growing load is a real hailstorm for a young body, so teenagers or elementary school students may not be able to cope with it, and the body may react by increasing or decreasing pressure.

In addition, the climate in the family is important. It may be related to the student's fear of parents (for poor grades or unfinished housework), the relationship between parents, a family crisis, or problems that affect all families as a child enters adolescence. The task of parents is to control their own behavior and maintain the well-being of the family at any age.

Absence sports life- another reason for the development of problems with blood pressure. In the pursuit of knowledge and good grades, you and your child may forget that life is about movement. And not only in the movement towards intellectual victories.

Blood pressure varies in different vessels. Arterial (pressure in the arteries) is higher than venous (pressure in the veins). The unit of measurement for blood pressure is millimeter of mercury.

Blood pressure (BP) is divided into:

• systolic, or SD (sometimes popularly called “upper”) - blood pressure in arterial vessels during the period of contraction of the heart muscle;
• diastolic, or DD (“lower”) - blood pressure during relaxation of the heart muscle.

Blood pressure depends on the type (size or caliber) of the vessel: than larger vessel, the higher the pressure. It is generally accepted that the pressure in the brachial artery is normal; it is there that it is measured using a tonometer. Many literate patients know how to measure blood pressure and observe its changes, but not everyone knows what the normal blood pressure should be in children. Let's talk about this in this article, and also talk about the causes and symptoms of increased or decreased blood pressure in children.

Blood pressure also depends on age: than younger child, the lower the pressure. This is explained by the fact that in small children the walls of the vessels are more elastic, the lumen of the vessels is wider, and the capillary network is more developed. Both systolic and diastolic pressure increase with age.

Until about 5 years of age, blood pressure does not differ between children of different sexes, and from 5 years of age it is slightly lower in girls (up to about 9 years of age). With age, blood pressure reaches a level of 110/60 – 120/70, and then these values ​​are maintained for a long time.

Normal blood pressure levels in at different ages the child can be calculated using special formulas. Thus, for infants, SD is calculated using the formula 76 + 2m (m is the child’s age in months). After a year, normal DM is 90+2l (l is the number of years of the child). Upper limit the DM norm is 105+2l, and the lower limit of the DM norm is 75+2l.

Normally, BP in children in the first year of life is equal to 2/3 to 1/2 of systolic pressure, and after a year it is calculated using the formula 60+l (l – how old is the child). The upper limit of normal DD is 75+ l, and the lower limit is 45+ l.

In children, both an increase in blood pressure (hypertension) and a decrease in blood pressure (hypotension) are quite often observed. This is especially true during puberty (puberty).

Causes of arterial hypertension in children

Increased blood pressure occurs in 5-10% of children, more often in adolescence. There are primary and secondary (associated with any diseases) arterial hypertension.

An example would be the detection of high blood pressure in adolescents in the absence of another disease of which hypertension could be a symptom. Such changes in blood pressure are observed in girls at 12-13 years old, in boys at 14-15. In this case, the increase in blood pressure is associated with hormonal changes in the body in puberty, mainly with an increase in aldosterone and adrenaline levels.

The vascular system narrows as a result of the influence of hormones, which leads to an increase in blood pressure. Most often, blood pressure increases sporadically in adolescence, but it can also occur daily. At school age, high blood pressure is most often detected by chance.

The cause of increased blood pressure may be a violation of the daily routine, insufficient sleep, increased physical activity (for example, sports), spending too much time at the computer, psycho-emotional trauma and stressful situations. If you streamline the child’s intellectual and physical activity and rest, the blood pressure can normalize.

If the maximum values ​​exceed 135 mm Hg, a detailed examination of the child is necessary to determine the cause of hypertension, since it may be one of the symptoms of a disease, other manifestations of which have not yet been identified. Diseases may be the cause endocrine system, kidneys, heart.

Reasons secondary hypertension can be:

• disturbance of vascular tone due to the influence of autonomic nervous systems s;
• renal pathology (in 70% of cases);
• endocrine pathology;
• cardiovascular pathology;
• brain damage;
• poisoning.

Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Renal secondary hypertension

There are many reasons for the development of renal hypertension:

• narrowing of the renal artery;
• compression of the renal artery by a tumor or inflammatory tissue;
• anomaly of kidney development;
• inflammation of kidney tissue ();
• (chronic or acute);
• and other reasons.

Endocrine secondary hypertension

Endocrine pathology can also cause arterial hypertension:

• hyperaldosteronism (primary or secondary) – increased production the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands due to a tumor or benign growth of the adrenal cortex; secondary hyperaldosteronism also develops when the renal artery narrows;
• hypercortisolism or - increased function of the adrenal cortex, which develops with tumors of the pituitary gland or the adrenal cortex itself, with long-term treatment hormonal drugs ();
• tumor of the adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma), which secretes biologically active substances adrenaline and norepinephrine;
• Graves' disease, or diffuse toxic goiter - autoimmune disease, characterized increased synthesis hormones

Cardiovascular secondary hypertension

Cardiovascular pathology can also cause increased blood pressure:

• narrowing of the aortic isthmus;
• congenital heart disease – patent ductus botallus: blood pressure increases due to an increase in minute blood volume.

Brain lesions

Damage to the brain due to a tumor process, injury, or as a result of inflammation of the brain substance () can also cause increased blood pressure, among other symptoms.

Poisoning

Poisoning toxic substances(arsenic, mercury, etc.) can cause increased blood pressure along with other symptoms.

Symptoms of arterial hypertension in children

9. Hypotrophy (lack of body weight).

10. By-effect drug treatment.

The reduction in blood pressure is also facilitated by somatic diseases:, neurodermatitis, chronic.

Diagnosis of blood pressure abnormalities in children

To detect an increase or decrease in blood pressure compared to age norm The following diagnostic methods are used:

• a survey of the child and mother, during which the presence and nature of complaints, the course of pregnancy and childbirth, the presence of increased or low blood pressure blood from family members, diseases suffered by the child, etc.;
• measuring blood pressure in both arms; in the next 2 weeks, blood pressure is regularly measured 3 times a day at home in order to clarify daily blood pressure fluctuations;
• examination of the child;
• examination: fundus examination, ECG, examination of cerebral vessels (rheoencephalography), general analysis blood and biochemical analysis blood ( renal complex) – according to indications, blood test for hormones (if necessary), etc.;
• consultation with a neurologist, cardiologist, endocrinologist and other specialists (as indicated).

Treatment of arterial hypertension and hypotension in children

Treatment of deviations from normal age-related blood pressure levels is divided into non-drug and drug therapy.

Non-drug treatment

Non-drug treatment is practically the same for high and low blood pressure:

• normalization of the psychological situation at school, creation of a calm, comfortable atmosphere at home;
• maintaining an age-appropriate daily routine (including on weekends); restricting movie viewing and computer games(especially in evening time before bedtime);
• exclusion of physical and mental overload, alternation of work and rest; it is necessary to reconsider the study load (perhaps, refuse classes with a tutor, parallel studies at a music school, etc.);
• physical activity of children in uncomplicated cases is not limited; regular physical education is recommended; swimming, horse riding, daily stay in the fresh air for at least 2 hours and walking for 30 minutes are indicated;
• healthy lifestyle, preventing adolescents from smoking and using drugs;
• full-fledged balanced diet, 4-5 one-time appointment food during the day, daily use at least 300 g of fruits and vegetables; for low blood pressure, it is recommended to drink sweet, strongly brewed tea with lemon several times a day;
• restriction of use for hypertension table salt, seasonings and spices, smoked foods, carbonated drinks, chocolate, etc.; for hypotension, calcium-containing products are recommended (, cottage cheese, sauerkraut and etc.).
• in case of low blood pressure, it is recommended to accustom the child to contrasting soul, it has a tonic effect (you should start by alternating warm and cool water, gradually lowering and increasing the temperature of the water, in 2-3 weeks it is brought to the alternation of hot and cold water);
• Massage of the collar area has a good effect.

Drug therapy

The first priority is to treat the underlying disease. Only a doctor should decide on the need for drug treatment to correct blood pressure, select and increase blood pressure.

Summary for parents

Parents should not be under the misconception that upward or downward deviations in blood pressure can only occur in adults.

You should not ignore your child's complaints about headache, fatigue and weakness, or try to relieve headaches with drugs familiar to adults. The same “harmless” Citramon, which contains Aspirin, like Aspirin itself, can lead to irreversible.

If a child has the complaints listed in the article, or behavioral changes are noted, and even more so if an increase or decrease in blood pressure is detected, you should consult a doctor and find out the cause of these deviations. On the recommendation of a doctor, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate the pathology identified in the child.

Which doctor should I contact?

If there are changes in blood pressure in children, you can first consult a pediatrician and take measures to normalize the child’s lifestyle. If this does not bring any effect, you need to contact a cardiologist. If a secondary nature of pressure changes is detected, the child is referred for consultation to an endocrinologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, nephrologist, or cardiac surgeon, depending on the identified disease.

2, average: 5,00 out of 5)

The usual story when old man lives in an embrace with a blood pressure monitor and pockets full of blood pressure pills. This won't surprise anyone anymore. But what happens to children (not only school age, but also very young ones) there may be problems with blood pressure, it’s hard to wrap my head around it. Nevertheless, this kind of violation at such a young age is quite common, so parents should be armed necessary information so as not to lose sight alarming symptoms and start treatment in a timely manner.

It is important to understand that blood pressure is not a constant value; it completely depends on the work of the heart muscle and the condition of the blood vessels. In addition, episodic changes are possible when a person experiences any stress, experiences emotional shocks, or illness. But it happens that there seems to be no reason, but the pressure in children goes beyond normal, and this lasts not one day, but months and even years. This condition is called vegetative-vascular dystonia, although it would be more correct to talk about hypertension when blood pressure increases or hypotension when blood pressure decreases.

A little about blood pressure standards in children

Thanks to more elastic vessels, blood pressure in children is usually much lower than in adults. This means that you should not rely on the usual norm for an adult of “120 to 80” for a child under the age of 15 years. Now let's try to figure out what these numbers mean. In fact, they indicate the force of blood pressure on the walls of blood vessels, with the first indicator (upper, or systolic pressure) is fixed at the moment of contraction of the heart, and the second (lower, or diastolic) - during its relaxation.

The normal pressure level in children can fluctuate quite noticeably, so its boundaries are quite difficult to establish. Was held great amount research to determine extreme standard indicators and pathological deviations of this value in childhood and adolescence. In the end it was accepted general scheme to calculate normal level blood pressure in children from one year to 16 years:

• For upper (systolic) – 90 + 2N;
• For the lower (diastolic) – 60 + N.

N refers to the child's age in years.

At normal pressure baby's body sufficiently provided with oxygen and nutrients. But all this is very fragile, so any deviation can affect the pressure in the direction of its long-term increase or decrease. In this case, speech it's already underway about a painful condition.

Rules for measuring blood pressure

Today the availability of a tonometer in home medicine cabinet is not something surprising, which means keeping an eye on the dynamics childhood pressure doesn't seem difficult. But the problem is that few people know how to perform this procedure correctly. There are several mandatory conditions which should be followed to obtain an accurate result:

• The child must be absolutely calm. If the baby is excited and has just come from a walk, then his heart is working more actively, and the pressure will naturally be higher than usual;
• You can measure your blood pressure either sitting or lying down. The main thing is to do it in the same body position every time;
• It is very important to adjust the cuff size correctly. It should not cover the forearm by more than two-thirds. This is the most a big problem in measuring blood pressure in children, because age cuffs are not included in the standard equipment of the tonometer, so there is Great chance receiving incorrect indicators.

High blood pressure in children

Hypertension in childhood It is customary to divide it into primary and secondary. In the first case, the increase in pressure does not have a pronounced expressed reasons, in the second, the blame for everything is capable of becoming quite big list diseases.

Primary hypertension in most cases is associated with some kind of emotional shock, physical activity. Usually, as soon as the child calms down and rests, the pressure returns to normal.

To get rid of secondary hypertension, it is necessary to cure the disease that provokes it. Only a doctor can help with this, and you should not take such responsibility on your parental shoulders.

The most common reasons occurrence of high blood pressure in children are:

• Overweight, obesity;
• Heredity;
• Endocrine diseases;
• Kidney disorders.

In addition to the above reasons, great importance The life rhythm of the baby also plays a role in the development of hypertension. Thus, intensive school activities can provoke long-term increase pressure. Therefore, it is very important to correctly distribute the mental load and learn to get rid of emotional stress (for example, a child may be constantly afraid of bad grades). Compliance with only these requirements often leads to normalization of blood pressure.

A few words about low blood pressure in a child

Doctors are not so categorical about hypotension in children. Blood pressure may drop, for example, after a serious illness, when the body is weakened and all efforts are spent on its restoration. Moreover, in in some cases This condition has been observed for quite a long time.

With low blood pressure, a child may experience accompanying symptoms:

• Constant weakness;
• Fast fatiguability;
• Sweating during any physical activity;
• Difficulty waking up;
• Frequent headaches.

Often, a baby, quickly rising, may experience darkening in his eyes and dizziness. The reason for everything is sharp drop blood pressure (below 90/50).

At similar conditions The child must be examined to rule out heart disease. If no serious violations not identified, all efforts should be directed towards increasing vitality(hardening and increasing motor activity). You can talk about medications only if the baby regularly complains of headaches, but only a doctor should prescribe them, because a headache can occur for various reasons.

We would like to emphasize once again: you should never self-medicate, even if you are a genius in the field of medicine, and there are countless people in your family who suffer from “jumping” blood pressure. A child is not a toy, and experimenting on him is more expensive. The parents' task is to responsibly follow all doctor's recommendations.

Text: Tatyana Okonevskaya

4.91 4.9 out of 5 (22 votes)

High blood pressure is not only a problem for older people. According to experts, the first “jumps” in numbers on a tonometer in children can be observed already in puberty, during puberty. At the same time, high blood pressure in adolescents is not always the first sign of impending arterial hypertension.

Healthy people We tried to figure out what symptoms of high blood pressure in children should not be ignored, what is the reason for high numbers on the tonometer in schoolchildren, and whether this can be avoided. We turned to Irina Chizhevskaya with these questions.

Irina Chizhevskaya

Head of the Department of Pediatrics of the Belarusian medical academy postgraduate education, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

Seven reasons for high blood pressure in teenagers

The danger of high blood pressure is that a person may not feel it. I feel the same as before, but the numbers on the tonometer are off the charts. If we talk about adults, high blood pressure is also caused by bad habits, and already “earned” chronic diseases, somewhere an irresponsible attitude towards one’s health (will go away on its own), constant lack of sleep and stress. Why does children’s blood pressure “jump” already at the age of 13-14? There are several reasons for this.

Firstly, it could be simple overwork. The rhythm of life of almost every schoolchild is quite busy. Sections, clubs, extra classes, lessons and tutors - everything needs to be done in time. Time for good rest it doesn't remain at all.

Secondly, High blood pressure in adolescents is associated with the processes of their growth and development. And above all, with the hormonal changes that occur in the body. By the way, hormonal changes are more likely to cause high blood pressure in boys than in girls. And the culprit for this is the hormone testosterone.

Irina Chizhevskaya

Chief freelance pediatric cardiorheumatologist of the Ministry of Health

During puberty, children experience a large release of hormones. The walls of blood vessels react to them and narrow. As a result, a possible increase in pressure.

Thirdly, the cause of high blood pressure may be overweight and obesity.

Irina Chizhevskaya

Chief freelance pediatric cardiorheumatologist of the Ministry of Health

An abundance of sweets, carbonated drinks, foods fast food in the diet - all this in combination with in a sedentary manner life provokes excess weight and obesity in children and adolescents. Excess weight body leads to metabolic processes being disrupted in the body and insulin resistance developing (impaired biological response of body tissues to the action of insulin). High level insulin – high blood pressure.

Fourthly, children may be experiencing some stressful situation . Teenage years– this is also a time of searching for one’s “I”, doubts about how life will turn out, choice future profession. Many experience severe psycho-emotional stress, which also provokes an increase in blood pressure.

Fifthly, the child may have diseases that lead to arterial hypertension, - endocrine disorders, malformations of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, stenosis (narrowing) renal arteries.

At sixth, hereditary factor . If the parents suffer from hypertension, the child will also be predisposed to developing this disease.

Irina Chizhevskaya

Chief freelance pediatric cardiorheumatologist of the Ministry of Health

More often arterial hypertension inherited through the maternal line.

Seventh, sometimes a child’s tonometer shows elevated numbers during a visit to the doctor. At home everything is fine. In this case, the cause of the increase in blood pressure may be a simple fear of the doctor or, as it is also called, “white coat hypertension.”

What's normal?

For every age, taking into account various factors blood pressure may vary. However, the difference between the tonometer readings on both hands should not exceed 5-10 mm. mercury column.

Irina Chizhevskaya

Chief freelance pediatric cardiorheumatologist of the Ministry of Health

Blood pressure is a variable value. In the morning, immediately after sleep, it can be one, and after physical activity the tonometer will show completely different numbers.

for upper (systolic) blood pressure

1.7* for age+ 83

For example: a child is 10 years old. So 1.7*10+83=100

for lower (diastolic) pressure

1.6*age+42

For example: the same 10-year-old child. So 1.6*10+42=58

top: 90 + (n) and bottom: 60 + (n). Where (n) is the number of years.

What to pay attention to and what to do if your child has high blood pressure

It is necessary to measure blood pressure in the following cases:

If your blood pressure numbers are far outside the normal range, your actions:

• the child must be put down and calmed down, the window must be opened so that there is an influx fresh air . It wouldn’t hurt to give sedatives, for example, valerian or glycine;
• if you measure your blood pressure and it is high, you can use medications that will lower it(“Captopril” or “Enalapril”). They are placed under the tongue and dissolved. At the same time, do not delay visiting a doctor or calling an ambulance;
• There are no such drugs at home, but the child feels bad, - call 103.
• can't do without the help of an ambulance medical care , if in addition to high blood pressure The teenager has nausea and vomiting, feels weak and dizzy.

IN Lately cases of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are increasingly being recorded around the world. Normally, blood pressure (BP) is recorded and assessed using a centile table. Indications depend on the age, height and gender of the patient.

Blood pressure levels are correlated with other factors, including the technique used to measure it. For example, by measuring the level of systolic blood pressure in a supine position, inflated values ​​are obtained. In this case, the diastolic is slightly lower than in a standing position. If you measure it using the Korotkoff method, then it is worth taking into account the width and length of the cuff.

Signs and symptoms

Initially, arterial hypertension in children is detected as increased fatigue. Headaches, fatigue, and depressed mood occur.

Infants often do not talk about their condition. In this case, it is worth taking a closer look at shortness of breath, especially during lactation. Pay attention to low weight gain, constant crying and general developmental delay.

The most common signs of high blood pressure in children:

Another important thing diagnostic test– daily monitoring.

This method allows you to detect deviations in blood pressure in circadian rhythm. Able to measure blood pressure and conduct differential examination different forms arterial hypertension.

Normal blood pressure in children

What blood pressure should a child have? There are 2 types of it. The first systolic (upper) is associated with the work of the heart and the ejection of blood. Second diastolic (lower) - directly depends on vascular tone.

At birth, babies have systolic blood pressure of about 75 mmHg. Art. During the first year of life, it increases by 1 mmHg every month. Art. Subsequently, from 1 to 6 years the rate of increase slows down.

Table: Normal blood pressure in children

Normal blood pressure for a child is considered to be 90 to 45 mmHg.

Signs of severe hypertension

IN running forms the disease may be enough dangerous illness and calls severe complications on different organs person.

The main symptoms and signs of hypertension in young patients:

• exceeding more than the 99th percentile, rapid growth dynamics;
• generalized or partial seizures, focal symptoms;
• headache, neuropathy facial nerve isolated type;
• blurry vision, optic nerve with stagnant disk;
• retinal artery spasms, exudates and hemorrhages in the retina;
• congestion in the pulmonary circulation, LV hypertrophy;
• sharp pain in the head, back or abdominal area, volumetric formations in a stomach;
• renal failure, vascular murmurs.

Without proper treatment, hypertension can contribute to the development of heart failure. Fluctuations in blood pressure lead to damage to blood vessels in the brain, heart and kidneys.

Causes of high blood pressure

Hereditary traits may influence the development of hypertension in children. That is why it is necessary to talk about the presence of the disease in the family at an appointment with the attending physician.

Arterial hypertension can develop in adolescents with the likelihood of:

1. 30% if one parent has it;
2. 50% if the disease is diagnosed in both parents.

Also, the development of the disease and heredity correlates with the sex of the child. The indicators are growing as follows. The disease occurs 1.9 times more often in boys and 2.4 times more often in girls (one parent is sick). The disease occurs 3.9 times more often in boys, and 6.2 times more often in girls (both parents are affected).

In different age groups, children have their own etiological factors development of the disease. Thus, children under 6 years of age become ill due to thrombosis and stenosis of the renal arteries and malformation of the kidneys. They are often diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or coarctation of the aorta (according to child type). In adolescents, the cause may be essential arterial hypertension, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, coarctation of the aorta (adult type).

Often, the identification of one of the signs of the above diseases indicates the presence of a secondary form of hypertension.

Treatment of pathology

Treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents should be carried out on an individual basis. In this case, the characteristics and causes of the disease are taken into account. Particular attention is paid to it clinical course, as well as the presence of complications.

IN modern medicine commonly used non-drug methods treatment of hypertension in children.

Promotes quick recovery increased motor activity and favorable psycho-emotional states.

The main task in prescribing therapy is aimed at adjusting blood pressure. It must be below the 90th percentile, according to age group, gender and height. This contributes to a significant improvement in the patient’s quality of life and prevents hypertensive crisis with target organ damage.